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Fan Y, Si Z, Wang L, Zhang L. DYT- TOR1A dystonia: an update on pathogenesis and treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1216929. [PMID: 37638318 PMCID: PMC10448058 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1216929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT-TOR1A dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal movements. It is a severe genetic form of dystonia caused by mutations in the TOR1A gene. TorsinA is a member of the AAA + family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) involved in a variety of cellular functions, including protein folding, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, and nucleocytoskeletal coupling. Almost all patients with TOR1A-related dystonia harbor the same mutation, an in-frame GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in the last of its 5 exons. This recurrent variant results in the deletion of one of two tandem glutamic acid residues (i.e., E302/303) in a protein named torsinA [torsinA(△E)]. Although the mutation is hereditary, not all carriers will develop DYT-TOR1A dystonia, indicating the involvement of other factors in the disease process. The current understanding of the pathophysiology of DYT-TOR1A dystonia involves multiple factors, including abnormal protein folding, signaling between neurons and glial cells, and dysfunction of the protein quality control system. As there are currently no curative treatments for DYT-TOR1A dystonia, progress in research provides insight into its pathogenesis, leading to potential therapeutic and preventative strategies. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DYT-TOR1A dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibo Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Mai LX, Kang SK, Jo YY, Nguyen P, Kim AY, Kim KY, Kim NS, Koh YH. An Alkaline Protease-Digestion of Silkworm Powder Enhances Its Effects Over Healthspan, Autophagy, and Mitochondria Function in a Rotenone-Induced Drosophila Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:808295. [PMID: 35782921 PMCID: PMC9244169 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.808295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have reported that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworms, also known as HongJam, have various health-promoting effects.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to elucidate changes in the various health-promoting effects of HongJam, after its digestion with a food-grade protease.Materials and MethodsWe examined whether healthspan-promotion and rotenone-induced loss of motor-control prevention effects were enhanced in Drosophila fed with food-grade alkaline protease-digested HongJam compared to those fed with non-digested HongJam. The differences in mitochondrial functions, chemical susceptibilities, and activations of signal transduction pathways between Drosophila supplemented with various feed were examined to elucidate the molecular and biochemical basis of healthspan-promotion and locomotor-improvement effects of protease-digested HongJam.ResultsWe first found that the healthspan-promotion effect of HongJam digested with a food-grade protease was different depending on the silkworm variety used for its production. Digestion with food-grade protease into White-Jade HongJam (WJ) as prepared from the White-Jade silkworm variety that spins white cocoons did not enhance its functionality. However, compared to Golden-Silk HongJam (GS), a food-grade protease-digested Golden-Silk HongJam (GSD) produced from the Golden-Silk silkworm variety that spins yellow cocoons, it further promoted the healthspan in a Drosophila model. By conducting a series of studies to reveal the molecular and biochemical basis for healthspan-promoting effects, we found that GS and GSD similarly enhanced mitochondrial activity, but GSD activated autophagy signaling more than GS. In addition, GSD feed (GSDf)-, GSD supernatant feed (GSDsupf)-, and GSD precipitate feed (GSDprecf)-reared Drosophila were also found to have increased resistance to an autophagy inhibitor compared to that of normal feed- or GS feed-reared Drosophila. Furthermore, we found that the rotenone-induced loss of motor control prevention effect was superior for GSDsup compared to GS, GSD, or GSDprec. This result may have occurred because GSDsup has more phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than other samples.ConclusionGSDsup contained more digested small peptides and free phytochemicals than other samples due to the digestion of proteins with a food-grade protease. Thus, GSDsup leads to further healthspan-promoting and locomotor-improvement effects than GS, GSD, or GSDprec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Xuan Mai
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kug Kang
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - You-Young Jo
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Young Kim
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Nam-Suk Kim
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Ho Koh,
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Caffall ZF, Wilkes BJ, Hernández-Martinez R, Rittiner JE, Fox JT, Wan KK, Shipman MK, Titus SA, Zhang YQ, Patnaik S, Hall MD, Boxer MB, Shen M, Li Z, Vaillancourt DE, Calakos N. The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, corrects diverse brain phenotypes across development in mouse model of DYT-TOR1A dystonia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/607/eabd3904. [PMID: 34408078 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dystonias are a group of chronic movement-disabling disorders for which highly effective oral medications or disease-modifying therapies are lacking. The most effective treatments require invasive procedures such as deep brain stimulation. In this study, we used a high-throughput assay based on a monogenic form of dystonia, DYT1 (DYT-TOR1A), to screen a library of compounds approved for use in humans, the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection (NPC; 2816 compounds), and identify drugs able to correct mislocalization of the disease-causing protein variant, ∆E302/3 hTorsinA. The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, was among 18 compounds found to normalize hTorsinA mislocalization. Using a DYT1 knock-in mouse model to test efficacy on brain pathologies, we found that ritonavir restored multiple brain abnormalities across development. Ritonavir acutely corrected striatal cholinergic interneuron physiology in the mature brain and yielded sustained correction of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging signals when delivered during a discrete early developmental window. Mechanistically, we found that, across the family of HIV protease inhibitors, efficacy correlated with integrated stress response activation. These preclinical results identify ritonavir as a drug candidate for dystonia with disease-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F Caffall
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA
| | - Bradley J Wilkes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Rittiner
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kanny K Wan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Miranda K Shipman
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA
| | - Steven A Titus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nicole Calakos
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27715, USA
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4
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Osabutey AF, Kim AY, Seo BY, Mai LX, Koh YH. Alteration of unfolded protein responses and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21826. [PMID: 34212404 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a new control method for Drosophila using saccharin sodium dihydrate (saccharin), an artificial sweetener that is safe for humans and the environment, and to elucidate its mode of action. In this study, we confirmed that saccharin can dose-dependently inhibit the development of or kill vinegar flies (VFs) and spotted wing Drosophila (SWDs). In addition, we found that low concentrations of saccharin induced a similar effect as starvation in Drosophila, whereas high concentrations of saccharin induced changes in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy signaling that were unlike starvation and inhibited development or killed the VF and the SWD by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Spinosad is a widely used plant protection agent for SWD control. When saccharin was cotreated with 0.25-1.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed only at high concentrations of saccharin. However, when saccharin was cotreated with 2.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed at low concentrations of saccharin. Taken together, alteration of UPR and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila and concurrent spraying of an insecticide with saccharin could enhance the insecticidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina F Osabutey
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Seo
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Xuan Mai
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liu Y, Xing H, Wilkes BJ, Yokoi F, Chen H, Vaillancourt DE, Li Y. The abnormal firing of Purkinje cells in the knockin mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:14-22. [PMID: 32976982 PMCID: PMC7674218 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is an inherited movement disorder caused by a heterozygous trinucleotide (GAG) deletion in DYT1/TOR1A, coding for torsinA. Growing evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a role in the pathogenesis of dystonia. Brain imaging of both DYT1 dystonia patients and animal models show abnormal activity in the cerebellum. The cerebellum-specific knockdown of torsinA in adult mice leads to dystonia-like behavior. Dyt1 ΔGAG heterozygous knock-in mouse model exhibits impaired corticostriatal long-term depression, abnormal muscle co-contraction, and motor deficits. We and others previously reported altered dendritic structures in Purkinje cells in Dyt1 knock-in mouse models. However, whether there are any electrophysiological alterations of the Purkinje cells in Dyt1 knock-in mice is not known. We used the patch-clamp recording in brain slices and in acutely dissociated Purkinje cells to identify specific alterations of Purkinje cells firing. We found abnormal firing of non-tonic type of Purkinje cells in the Dyt1 knock-in mice. Furthermore, the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) current and the BK channel protein levels were significantly increased in the Dyt1 knock-in mice. Our results support a role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of DYT1 dystonia. Manipulating the Purkinje cell firing and cerebellar output may show great promise for treating DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Liu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hong Xing
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bradley J Wilkes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Kim YJ, Cho AR, Sul HJ, Kim B, Kim AY, Kim HS, Seo JB, Koh Y, Zang DY. The effects of crizotinib in a transgenic Drosophila model expressing the human TPM4-ALK fusion gene or TPM4. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/7/bio044362. [PMID: 31278140 PMCID: PMC6679403 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion events lead to constitutive activation of the ALK kinase domain, thereby functioning as oncogenic drivers. These fusion proteins have been identified in numerous cancers. Crizotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met and ALK, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of cancer. Tropomyosins (TPMs) are a family of actin filament-binding proteins. Altered TPM expression has been found in a variety of human tumors. Inhibitors of cancer-associated TPMs and actin-targeting compounds have been developed, but anti-actin agents have cardiac and respiratory muscle toxicities. In this study, we investigated the sensitivities of human TPM4 (hTPM4), human ALK (hALK), and their fusion gene (hTPM4-hALK) to crizotinib by measuring the lifespan of transgenic Drosophila. Flies overexpressing hTPM4-hALK, hTPM4 and hALK showed decreased lifespans compared with controls. Although crizotinib is an inhibitor of ALK, treatment with crizotinib significantly extended the lifespans of Drosophila expressing hTPM4 and hTPM4-hALK but had no effect on hALK-expressing flies. Autophosphorylation of Tyr1278 is necessary for full activation of the ALK domain. We confirmed that hTPM4-hALK was phosphorylated at Tyr1278 in a ligand-independent manner, and hTPM4-hALK-expressing flies treated with crizotinib showed a decreased level of Tyr1278 phosphorylation compared with untreated hTPM4-hALK-expressing flies, with a greater decrease induced by 1 µM compared with 200 nM crizotinib. Taken together, the results suggest that crizotinib is effective for treating ALK-driven cancer and might be a new therapeutic drug, without cardiac or respiratory muscle toxic effects, for TPM4-expressing cancers. Summary: In this study, we find that crizotinib extends the lifespan of Drosophila overexpressing hTPM4-ALK and hTPM4, which are linked with a variety of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ri Cho
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bok Seo
- Korea Basic Research Institute Seoul Center, Seoul, 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
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7
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Perochon J, Grandon B, Roche D, Wintz C, Demay Y, Mignotte B, Szuplewski S, Gaumer S. The endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response varies depending on the affected region of the tissue but independently from the source of stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:817-824. [PMID: 31144193 PMCID: PMC6629755 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins and calcium dyshomeostasis induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can be resolved by the unfolded protein response (UPR). We have previously reported that activation of the PERK/ATF4 branch of the UPR, by overexpressing Presenilin in part of the vestigial domain of Drosophila wing imaginal discs, induces both a caspase-dependent apoptosis and a Slpr/JNK/Dilp8-dependent developmental delay that allows compensation of cell death in the tissue. Recently, dDad1 depletion in Drosophila in engrailed-expressing cells of wing imaginal discs was also reported to activate the PERK/ATF4 branch but induced Mekk1/JNK-dependent apoptosis. Here, we assessed whether the stressed cell location in the wing imaginal disc could explain these differences in response to chronic ER stress or whether the stress source could be responsible for the signaling discrepancy. To address this question, we overexpressed a Rhodopsin-1 mutant prone to aggregate either in vestigial- or engrailed-expressing cells. We observed similar responses to the Presenilin overexpression in the vestigial domain and to the dDad1 depletion in the engrailed domain. Therefore, the consequences of a PERK/ATF4 branch activation depend on the position of the cell in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, suggesting interactions of PERK signaling with developmental pathways involved in the determination or maintenance of wing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perochon
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Present Address: Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Benjamin Grandon
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Delphine Roche
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Christine Wintz
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Yohan Demay
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Bernard Mignotte
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sébastien Szuplewski
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sébastien Gaumer
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay, EPHE/PSL Research University, 2 rue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
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8
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Hur JH, Lee SH, Kim AY, Koh YH. Regulation of synaptic architecture and synaptic vesicle pools by Nervous wreck at Drosophila Type 1b glutamatergic synapses. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e462. [PMID: 29568072 PMCID: PMC5898900 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous wreck (Nwk), a protein that is present at Type 1 glutamatergic synapses that contains an SH3 domain and an FCH motif, is a Drosophila homolog of the human srGAP3/MEGAP protein, which is associated with mental retardation. Confocal microscopy revealed that circles in Nwk reticulum enclosed T-shaped active zones (T-AZs) and partially colocalized with synaptic vesicle (SV) markers and both exocytosis and endocytosis components. Results from an electron microscopic (EM) analysis showed that Nwk proteins localized at synaptic edges and in SV pools. Both the synaptic areas and the number of SVs in the readily releasable (RRPs) and reserve (RPs) SV pools in nwk2 were significantly reduced. Synergistic, morphological phenotypes observed from eag1;nwk2 neuromuscular junctions suggested that Nwk may regulate synaptic plasticity differently from activity-dependent Hebbian plasticity. Although the synaptic areas in eag1;nwk2 boutons were not significantly different from those of nwk2, the number of SVs in the RRPs was similar to those of Canton-S. In addition, three-dimensional, high-voltage EM tomographic analysis demonstrated that significantly fewer enlarged SVs were present in nwk2 RRPs. Furthermore, Nwk formed protein complexes with Drosophila Synapsin and Synaptotagmin 1 (DSypt1). Taken together, these findings suggest that Nwk is able to maintain synaptic architecture and both SV size and distribution at T-AZs by interacting with Synapsin and DSypt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Haeng Hur
- ILSONG Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- BioMedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- ILSONG Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- ILSONG Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Medical Gerontology, Hallym University Graduate School, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Human TorsinA can function in the yeast cytosol as a molecular chaperone. Biochem J 2017; 474:3439-3454. [PMID: 28871039 PMCID: PMC5628414 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TorsinA (TorA) is an AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase linked to dystonia type 1 (DYT1), a neurological disorder that leads to uncontrollable muscular movements. Although DYT1 is linked to a 3 bp deletion in the C-terminus of TorA, the biological function of TorA remains to be established. Here, we use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tractable in vivo model to explore TorA function. We demonstrate that TorA can protect yeast cells against different forms of environmental stress and show that in the absence of the molecular disaggregase Hsp104, TorA can refold heat-denatured luciferase in vivo in an ATP-dependent manner. However, this activity requires TorA to be translocated to the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum in order to access and process cytoplasmic protein aggregates. Furthermore, mutational or chemical inactivation of the ATPase activity of TorA blocks this activity. We also find that TorA can inhibit the propagation of certain conformational variants of [PSI+], the aggregated prion form of the endogenous Sup35 protein. Finally, we show that while cellular localisation remains unchanged in the dystonia-linked TorA mutant ΔE302-303, the ability of this mutant form of TorA to protect against cellular stress and to facilitate protein refolding is impaired, consistent with it being a loss-of-function mutation.
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10
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Kim AY, Kwon DH, Jeong IH, Phan TA, Ngan TV, Lee SH, Koh YH. Establishment of Chlorantraniliprole-Resistant Drosophila Strains and Identification of Their Resistant Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5656/ksae.2016.10.0.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Drosophila Torsin Protein Regulates Motor Control and Stress Sensitivity and Forms a Complex with Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6762086. [PMID: 27313903 PMCID: PMC4904285 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated unknown in vivo functions of Torsin by using Drosophila as a model. Downregulation of Drosophila Torsin (DTor) by DTor-specific inhibitory double-stranded RNA (RNAi) induced abnormal locomotor behavior and increased susceptibility to H2O2. In addition, altered expression of DTor significantly increased the numbers of synaptic boutons. One important biochemical consequence of DTor-RNAi expression in fly brains was upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Altered expression of ADH has also been reported in Drosophila Fragile-X mental retardation protein (DFMRP) mutant flies. Interestingly, expression of DFMRP was altered in DTor mutant flies, and DTor and DFMRP were present in the same protein complexes. In addition, DTor and DFMRP immunoreactivities were partially colocalized in several cellular organelles in larval muscles. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between synaptic morphologies of dfmrp null mutants and dfmrp mutants expressing DTor-RNAi. Taken together, our evidences suggested that DTor and DFMRP might be present in the same signaling pathway regulating synaptic plasticity. In addition, we also found that human Torsin1A and human FMRP were present in the same protein complexes, suggesting that this phenomenon is evolutionarily conserved.
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Nguyen P, Kim AY, Jung JK, Donahue KM, Jung C, Choi MY, Koh YH. The Biochemical Adaptations of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Fresh Fruits Reduced Fructose Concentrations and Glutathione-S Transferase Activities. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:973-981. [PMID: 26921228 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an invasive and economically damaging pest in Europe and North America. The females have a serrated ovipositor that enables them to infest almost all ripening small fruits. To understand the physiological and metabolic basis of spotted wing drosophila food preferences for healthy ripening fruits, we investigated the biological and biochemical characteristics of spotted wing drosophila and compared them with those of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. We found that the susceptibility to oxidative stressors was significantly increased in spotted wing drosophila compared with those of D. melanogaster. In addition, we found that spotted wing drosophila had significantly reduced glutathione-S transferase (GST) activity and gene numbers. Furthermore, fructose concentrations found in spotted wing drosophila were significantly lower than those of D. melanogaster. Our data strongly suggest that the altered food preferences of spotted wing drosophila may stem from evolutionary adaptations to fresh foods accompanied by alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and GST activities.
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Exploring the Conserved Role of MANF in the Unfolded Protein Response in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151550. [PMID: 26975047 PMCID: PMC4790953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) referred to as ER stress is involved in a variety of human diseases. ER stress activates unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular mechanism the purpose of which is to restore ER homeostasis. Previous studies show that Mesencephalic Astrocyte-derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) is an important novel component in the regulation of UPR. In vertebrates, MANF is upregulated by ER stress and protects cells against ER stress-induced cell death. Biochemical studies have revealed an interaction between mammalian MANF and GRP78, the major ER chaperone promoting protein folding. In this study we discovered that the upregulation of MANF expression in response to drug-induced ER stress is conserved between Drosophila and mammals. Additionally, by using a genetic in vivo approach we found genetic interactions between Drosophila Manf and genes encoding for Drosophila homologues of GRP78, PERK and XBP1, the key components of UPR. Our data suggest a role for Manf in the regulation of Drosophila UPR.
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