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Eldesouki RE, Wu C, Saleh FM, Mohammed EAM, Younes S, Hassan NE, Brown TC, Alt EU, Robinson JE, Badr FM, Braun SE. Identification and Targeting of Thomsen-Friedenreich and IL1RAP Antigens on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Using Bi-Specific Antibodies. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:609-621. [PMID: 33519209 PMCID: PMC7837560 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a major role in therapeutic resistance and disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). LSCs belong to the primitive population; CD34+CD38-Lin-, which does not distinguish normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from CML LSCs. Because Thomsen–Friedenreich/CD176 antigen is expressed on CD34+ HSC and IL1RAP is tightly correlated to BCR-ABL expression, we sought to increase the specificity towards LSC by using additional biomarkers. Methods We evaluated the co-expression of both antigens on CD34+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy volunteers and CML patients, using flow cytometry. Then, we used site-directed mutagenesis to induce knob-in-hole mutations in the human IgG heavy chain and the human lambda light chain to generate the bi-specific antibody (Bis-Ab) TF/RAP that binds both antigens simultaneously. We measured complement-directed cytotoxicity (CDC) in CML samples with the Bis-Ab by flow cytometry. Results In contrast to healthy volunteers, CML samples displayed a highly significant co-expression of CD176 and IL1RAP. When either a double-positive cell line or CML samples were treated with increasing doses of Bis-Ab, increased binding and CDC was observed indicating co-operative binding of the Bis-Ab as compared to monoclonal antibodies. Discussion These results show that the bi-specific antibody is capable of targeting IL1RAP+ and CD176+ cell population among CML PBMCs, but not corresponding normal cells in CDC assay. We hereby offer a novel strategy for the depletion of CML stem cells from the bulk population in clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda E Eldesouki
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Fayez M Saleh
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdel-Moemen Mohammed
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soha Younes
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Theresa C Brown
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fouad Mohamed Badr
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Marquez J, Fernandez-Piñeiro I, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Khatib AM, Sanchez A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G, Bernales I, Badiola I. Targeting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with miR-20a-loaded nanoparticles reduces murine colon cancer metastasis to the liver. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:709-719. [PMID: 29492958 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is one of the most important stages of liver metastasis progression. The miRNA effects on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver metastasis have not yet been studied. Herein, whole genome analysis of miRNA expression in these cells during colorectal liver metastasis revealed repressed expression of microRNA-20a. Importantly, downregulation of miR-20a occurs in parallel with upregulation of its known protein targets. To restore normal miR-20a levels in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, we developed chondroitin sulfate-sorbitan ester nanoparticles conjugated with miR-20a in a delivery system that specifically targets liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The restoration of normal mir-20a levels in these cells induced downregulation of the expression of its protein targets, and this also resulted in a reduction of in vitro LSEC migration and a reduction of in vivo activation and tumor-infiltrating capacity and ability of the tumor decreased by ∼80% in a murine liver metastasis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ines Fernandez-Piñeiro
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Research Group.Computational Biology Data Analysis Platform. Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ),Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ),Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Genetics and Biology of the Development of Kidney Diseases Unit, Sanitary Research Institute (IDIS) of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Irantzu Bernales
- Gene Expression Unit, Genomics Facility of General Research Services (SGIker), University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Iker Badiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Sahakyan AB, Balasubramanian S. Long genes and genes with multiple splice variants are enriched in pathways linked to cancer and other multigenic diseases. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:225. [PMID: 26968808 PMCID: PMC4788956 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of random mutations and genetic errors in defining the etiology of cancer and other multigenic diseases has recently received much attention. With the view that complex genes should be particularly vulnerable to such events, here we explore the link between the simple properties of the human genes, such as transcript length, number of splice variants, exon/intron composition, and their involvement in the pathways linked to cancer and other multigenic diseases. RESULTS We reveal a substantial enrichment of cancer pathways with long genes and genes that have multiple splice variants. Although the latter two factors are interdependent, we show that the overall gene length and splicing complexity increase in cancer pathways in a partially decoupled manner. Our systematic survey for the pathways enriched with top lengthy genes and with genes that have multiple splice variants reveal, along with cancer pathways, the pathways involved in various neuronal processes, cardiomyopathies and type II diabetes. We outline a correlation between the gene length and the number of somatic mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our work is a step forward in the assessment of the role of simple gene characteristics in cancer and a wider range of multigenic diseases. We demonstrate a significant accumulation of long genes and genes with multiple splice variants in pathways of multigenic diseases that have already been associated with de novo mutations. Unlike the cancer pathways, we note that the pathways of neuronal processes, cardiomyopathies and type II diabetes contain genes long enough for topoisomerase-dependent gene expression to also be a potential contributing factor in the emergence of pathologies, should topoisomerases become impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr B. Sahakyan
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
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