1
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Tong S, Scott JC, Eyoh E, Werthmann DW, Stone AE, Murrell AE, Sabino-Santos G, Trinh IV, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Velazquez JV, Schieffelin J, Ning B, Hu T, Kolls JK, Landry SJ, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson JE, Gunn BM, Rabito FA, Norton EB. Altered COVID-19 immunity in children with asthma by atopic status. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100236. [PMID: 38590754 PMCID: PMC11000189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a spectrum of clinical outcomes that may be complicated by severe asthma. Antiviral immunity is often compromised in patients with asthma; however, whether this is true for SARS-CoV-2 immunity and children is unknown. Objective We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with asthma on the basis of infection or vaccination history and compared to respiratory syncytial viral or allergen (eg, cockroach, dust mite)-specific immunity. Methods Fifty-three children from an urban asthma study were evaluated for medical history, lung function, and virus- or allergen-specific immunity using antibody or T-cell assays. Results Polyclonal antibody responses to spike were observed in most children from infection and/or vaccination history. Children with atopic asthma or high allergen-specific IgE, particularly to dust mites, exhibited reduced seroconversion, antibody magnitude, and SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. TH1 responses to SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus correlated with antigen-respective IgG. Cockroach-specific T-cell activation as well as IL-17A and IL-21 cytokines negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and effector functions, distinct from total and dust mite IgE. Allergen-specific IgE and lack of vaccination were associated with recent health care utilization. Reduced lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≤ 80%) was independently associated with (SARS-CoV-2) peptide-induced cytokines, including IL-31, whereas poor asthma control was associated with cockroach-specific cytokine responses. Conclusion Mechanisms underpinning atopic and nonatopic asthma may complicate the development of memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and lead to a higher risk of repeated infection in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Tong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jordan C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Enwono Eyoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Derek W. Werthmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jalene V. Velazquez
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Felicia A. Rabito
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
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2
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Trinh IV, Desai SP, Ley SH, Mo Z, Satou R, Pridjian GC, Longo SA, Shaffer JG, Robinson JE, Norton EB, Piedimonte G. Prenatal Infection by Respiratory Viruses Is Associated with Immunoinflammatory Responses in the Fetus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:693-702. [PMID: 38051928 PMCID: PMC10945055 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1461oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Respiratory viral infections can be transmitted from pregnant women to their offspring, but frequency, mechanisms, and postnatal outcomes remain unclear. Objectives: The aims of this prospective cohort study were to compare the frequencies of transplacental transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), analyze the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in maternal and fetal blood, and assess clinical consequences. Methods: We recruited pregnant women who developed upper respiratory infections or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected at delivery. Study questionnaires and electronic medical records were used to document demographic and medical information. Measurements and Main Results: From October 2020 to June 2022, droplet digital PCR was used to test blood mononuclear cells from 103 mother-baby dyads. Twice more newborns in our sample were vertically infected with RSV compared with SARS-CoV-2 (25.2% [26 of 103] vs. 11.9% [12 of 101]; P = 0.019). Multiplex ELISA measured significantly increased concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in maternal and cord blood from newborns, with evidence of viral exposure in utero compared with control dyads. Prenatal infection was associated with significantly lower birth weight and postnatal weight growth. Conclusions: Data suggest a higher frequency of vertical transmission for RSV than SARS-CoV-2. Intrauterine exposure is associated with fetal inflammation driven by soluble inflammatory mediators, with expression profiles dependent on the virus type and affecting the rate of viral transmission. Virus-induced inflammation may have pathological consequences already in the first days of life, as shown by its effects on birth weight and postnatal weight growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sherri A. Longo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jeffrey G. Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | | | | | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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3
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Lauritsen CJ, Trinh IV, Desai SP, Clancey E, Murrell AE, Rambaran S, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Mo Z, Stone AE, Agbodji A, Dugas CM, Satou R, Pridjian G, Longo S, Ley SH, Robinson JE, Norton EB, Piedimonte G, Gunn BM. Passive antibody transfer from pregnant women to their fetus are maximized after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination irrespective of prior infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100189. [PMID: 38268538 PMCID: PMC10805668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms and outcomes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for both mother and neonate. Antibodies can provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are induced in pregnant women after vaccination or infection. Passive transfer of these antibodies from mother to fetus in utero may provide protection to the neonate against infection. However, it is unclear whether the magnitude or quality and kinetics of maternally derived fetal antibodies differs in the context of maternal infection or vaccination. Objective We aimed to determine whether antibodies transferred from maternal to fetus differed in quality or quantity between infection- or vaccination-induced humoral immune responses. Methods We evaluated 93 paired maternal and neonatal umbilical cord blood plasma samples collected between October 2020 and February 2022 from a birth cohort of pregnant women from New Orleans, Louisiana, with histories of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination. Plasma was profiled for the levels of spike-specific antibodies and induction of antiviral humoral immune functions, including neutralization and Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions. Responses were compared between 4 groups according to maternal infection and vaccination. Results We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection during pregnancy increased the levels of antiviral antibodies compared to naive subjects. Vaccinated mothers and cord samples had the highest anti-spike antibody levels and antiviral function independent of the time of vaccination during pregnancy. Conclusions These results show that the most effective passive transfer of functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in utero is achieved through vaccination, highlighting the importance of vaccination in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Lauritsen
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Srushti P. Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Erin Clancey
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Saraswatie Rambaran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Zhiyin Mo
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ayitevi Agbodji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Courtney M. Dugas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | | | - Sylvia H. Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
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4
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Dutcher EG, Epel ES, Mason AE, Hecht FM, Robinson JE, Drury SS, Prather AA. The more symptoms the better? Covid-19 vaccine side effects and long-term neutralizing antibody response. medRxiv 2023:2023.09.26.23296186. [PMID: 37808819 PMCID: PMC10557821 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.23296186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 wanes over time, and booster uptake has been low, in part because of concern about side effects. We examined the relationships between local and systemic symptoms, biometric changes, and neutralizing antibodies (nAB) after mRNA vaccination. Data were collected from adults (n = 364) who received two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Serum nAB concentration was measured at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination. Daily symptom surveys were completed for six days starting on the day of each dose. Concurrently, objective biometric measurements, including skin temperature, heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate, were collected. We found that certain symptoms (chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache) after the second dose were associated with increases in nAB at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination, to roughly 140-160% the level of individuals without each symptom. Each additional symptom predicted a 1.1-fold nAB increase. Greater increases in skin temperature and heart rate after the second dose predicted higher nAB levels at both time points, but skin temperature change was more predictive of durable (6 month) nAB response than of short-term (1 month) nAB response. In the context of low ongoing vaccine uptake, our convergent symptom and biometric findings suggest that public health messaging could seek to reframe systemic symptoms after vaccination as desirable.
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5
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Pungan D, Fan J, Dai G, Khatun MS, Dietrich ML, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson JE, Landry SJ, Kolls JK. Novel Pneumocystis Antigens for Seroprevalence Studies. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:602. [PMID: 37367538 PMCID: PMC10300987 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common cause of fungal pneumonia in children under the age of 2 years. However, the inability to culture and propagate this organism has hampered the acquisition of a fungal genome as well as the development of recombinant antigens to conduct seroprevalence studies. In this study, we performed proteomics on Pneumocystis-infected mice and used the recent P. murina and P. jirovecii genomes to prioritize antigens for recombinant protein expression. We focused on a fungal glucanase due to its conservation among fungal species. We found evidence of maternal IgG to this antigen, followed by a nadir in pediatric samples between 1 and 3 months of age, followed by an increase in prevalence over time consistent with the known epidemiology of Pneumocystis exposure. Moreover, there was a strong concordance of anti-glucanase responses and IgG against another Pneumocystis antigen, PNEG_01454. Taken together, these antigens may be useful tools for Pneumocystis seroprevalence and seroconversion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pungan
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monika L. Dietrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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6
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Li H, Buck T, Zandonatti M, Yin J, Moon-Walker A, Fang J, Koval A, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Avalos RD, Schendel SL, Parekh D, Zyla D, Enriquez A, Harkins S, Sullivan B, Smith V, Chukwudozie O, Watanabe R, Robinson JE, Garry RF, Branco LM, Hastie KM, Saphire EO. A cocktail of protective antibodies subverts the dense glycan shield of Lassa virus. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq0991. [PMID: 36288283 PMCID: PMC10084740 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Developing potent therapeutics and effective vaccines are the ultimate goals in controlling infectious diseases. Lassa virus (LASV), the causative pathogen of Lassa fever (LF), infects hundreds of thousands annually, but effective antivirals or vaccines against LASV infection are still lacking. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies against LASV are rare. Here, we describe biochemical analyses and high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of a therapeutic cocktail of three broadly protective antibodies that target the LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC), previously identified from survivors of multiple LASV infections. Structural and mechanistic analyses reveal compatible neutralizing epitopes and complementary neutralization mechanisms that offer high potency, broad range, and resistance to escape. These antibodies either circumvent or exploit specific glycans comprising the extensive glycan shield of GPC. Further, they require mammalian glycosylation, native GPC cleavage, and proper GPC trimerization. These findings guided engineering of a next-generation GPC antigen suitable for future neutralizing antibody and vaccine discovery. Together, these results explain protective mechanisms of rare, broad, and potent antibodies and identify a strategy for the rational design of therapeutic modalities against LF and related infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Tierra Buck
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Michelle Zandonatti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Alex Moon-Walker
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Jingru Fang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Anatoliy Koval
- Zalgen Labs LLC, 7495 New Horizon Way, Suite 120, Frederick, MD 21703 USA
| | - Megan L. Heinrich
- Zalgen Labs LLC, 7495 New Horizon Way, Suite 120, Frederick, MD 21703 USA
| | - Megan M. Rowland
- Zalgen Labs LLC, 7495 New Horizon Way, Suite 120, Frederick, MD 21703 USA
| | - Ruben Diaz Avalos
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Dawid Zyla
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Adrian Enriquez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Stephanie Harkins
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Brian Sullivan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Victoria Smith
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Onyeka Chukwudozie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Reika Watanabe
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs LLC, 7495 New Horizon Way, Suite 120, Frederick, MD 21703 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs LLC, 7495 New Horizon Way, Suite 120, Frederick, MD 21703 USA
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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7
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Yang L, Liang T, Pierson LM, Wang H, Fletcher JK, Wang S, Bao D, Zhang L, Huang Z, Zheng W, Zhang X, Park H, Li Y, Robinson JE, Feehan AK, Lyon CJ, Cao J, Morici LA, Li C, Roy CJ, Yu X, Hu T. SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes following Infection and Vaccination Overlap Known Neutralizing Antibody Sites. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9769803. [PMID: 35928300 PMCID: PMC9297724 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9769803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identification of epitopes targeted following virus infection or vaccination can guide vaccine design and development of therapeutic interventions targeting functional sites, but can be laborious. Herein, we employed peptide microarrays to map linear peptide epitopes (LPEs) recognized following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. LPEs detected by nonhuman primate (NHP) and patient IgMs after SARS-CoV-2 infection extensively overlapped, localized to functionally important virus regions, and aligned with reported neutralizing antibody binding sites. Similar LPE overlap occurred after infection and vaccination, with LPE clusters specific to each stimulus, where strong and conserved LPEs mapping to sites known or likely to inhibit spike protein function. Vaccine-specific LPEs tended to map to sites known or likely to be affected by structural changes induced by the proline substitutions in the mRNA vaccine's S protein. Mapping LPEs to regions of known functional importance in this manner may accelerate vaccine evaluation and discovery of targets for site-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Te Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lane M. Pierson
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jesse K. Fletcher
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Duran Bao
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Heewon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuwen Li
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amy K. Feehan
- Infectious Disease Department, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lisa A. Morici
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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8
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Enriquez AS, Buck TK, Li H, Norris MJ, Moon-Walker A, Zandonatti MA, Harkins SS, Robinson JE, Branco LM, Garry RF, Saphire EO, Hastie KM. Delineating the mechanism of anti-Lassa virus GPC-A neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110841. [PMID: 35613585 PMCID: PMC9258627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the etiologic agent of Lassa Fever, a hemorrhagic disease that is endemic to West Africa. During LASV infection, LASV glycoprotein (GP) engages with multiple host receptors for cell entry. Neutralizing antibodies against GP are rare and principally target quaternary epitopes displayed only on the metastable, pre-fusion conformation of GP. Currently, the structural features of the neutralizing GPC-A antibody competition group are understudied. Structures of two GPC-A antibodies presented here demonstrate that they bind the side of the pre-fusion GP trimer, bridging the GP1 and GP2 subunits. Complementary biochemical analyses indicate that antibody 25.10C, which is broadly specific, neutralizes by inhibiting binding of the endosomal receptor LAMP1 and also by blocking membrane fusion. The other GPC-A antibody, 36.1F, which is lineage-specific, prevents LAMP1 association only. These data illuminate a site of vulnerability on LASV GP and will guide efforts to elicit broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines. Enriquez et al. present two structures of GPC-A antibody Fab fragments bound to Lassa virus glycoprotein. Complementary biochemical analyses illuminate mechanistic differences between pan-Lassa 25.10C and lineage-specific 36.1F. 25.10C inhibits two steps of Lassa virus infection, LAMP1 binding and membrane fusion, while 36.1F only blocks LAMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tierra K Buck
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haoyang Li
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alex Moon-Walker
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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9
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Iwanaga N, Cooper L, Rong L, Maness NJ, Beddingfield B, Qin Z, Crabtree J, Tripp RA, Yang H, Blair R, Jangra S, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Chandra S, Robinson JE, Srivastava A, Rabito F, Qin X, Kolls JK. ACE2-IgG1 fusions with improved in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2022; 25:103670. [PMID: 34957381 PMCID: PMC8686446 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, uses ACE2 as a cell entry receptor. Soluble ACE2 has been shown to have neutralizing antiviral activity but has a short half-life and no active transport mechanism from the circulation into the alveolar spaces of the lung. To overcome this, we constructed an ACE2-human IgG1 fusion protein with mutations in the catalytic domain of ACE2. A mutation in the catalytic domain of ACE2, MDR504, significantly increased binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, as well as to a spike variant, in vitro with more potent viral neutralization in plaque assays. Parental administration of the protein showed stable serum concentrations with excellent bioavailability in the epithelial lining fluid of the lung, and ameliorated lung SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. These data support that the MDR504 hACE2-Fc is an excellent candidate for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19 and potentially emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwanaga
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brandon Beddingfield
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhongnan Qin
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,USA
| | - Haoran Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Robert Blair
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Departments of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Akhilesh Srivastava
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Felix Rabito
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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10
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Dietrich ML, Norton EB, Elliott D, Smira AR, Raviv O, Sasson DJ, Monk CH, Michael ML, Rogers N, Rouelle JA, Bond NG, Aime-Marcelin K, Prystowsky A, Kemnitz R, Sarma A, Himmelfarb ST, Sharma N, Stone AE, Craver R, Lindrose AR, Smitley LA, Uddo RB, Myers L, Drury SS, Schieffelin JS, Robinson JE, Zwezdaryk KJ. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rates of children seeking medical care in Louisiana during the state stay at home order. J Clin Virol Plus 2021; 1:100047. [PMID: 35262027 PMCID: PMC8590598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic testing of residual blood samples from 812 children from a hospital in New Orleans, LA, between March and May 2020, demonstrated a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 6.8% based on S and N protein IgG; Black and Hispanic children, and children living in zip codes with lower household incomes were over-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Debra Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashley R Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ofek Raviv
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel J Sasson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chandler H Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Madalyn L Michael
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rogers
- Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Julie A Rouelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nell G Bond
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Kemnitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Arunava Sarma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Talia Himmelfarb
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Addison E Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Randall Craver
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Alyssa R Lindrose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, LA USA
| | - Leslie A Smitley
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert B Uddo
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, LA USA
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Borrega R, Nelson DKS, Koval AP, Bond NG, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Lathigra R, Bush DJ, Aimukanova I, Phinney WN, Koval SA, Hoffmann AR, Smither AR, Bell-Kareem AR, Melnik LI, Genemaras KJ, Chao K, Snarski P, Melton AB, Harrell JE, Smira AA, Elliott DH, Rouelle JA, Sabino-Santos G, Drouin AC, Momoh M, Sandi JD, Goba A, Samuels RJ, Kanneh L, Gbakie M, Branco ZL, Shaffer JG, Schieffelin JS, Robinson JE, Fusco DN, Sabeti PC, Andersen KG, Grant DS, Boisen ML, Branco LM, Garry RF. Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans. Viruses 2021; 13:2325. [PMID: 34835131 PMCID: PMC8625389 DOI: 10.3390/v13112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Borrega
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Diana K. S. Nelson
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Anatoliy P. Koval
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Nell G. Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Megan L. Heinrich
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Megan M. Rowland
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Raju Lathigra
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Duane J. Bush
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Irina Aimukanova
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Whitney N. Phinney
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Sophia A. Koval
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Andrew R. Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Allison R. Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Lilia I. Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Kaylynn J. Genemaras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Karissa Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alexandra B. Melton
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Jaikin E. Harrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Ashley A. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Julie A. Rouelle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Centre for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaud C. Drouin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Eastern Polytechnic Institute, Kenema, Sierra Leone;
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - John Demby Sandi
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Robert J. Samuels
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Gbakie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Zoe L. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Jeffrey G. Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristian G. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donald S. Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Matthew L. Boisen
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
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12
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Drouin AC, Theberge MW, Liu SY, Smither AR, Flaherty SM, Zeller M, Geba GP, Reynaud P, Rothwell WB, Luk AP, Tian D, Boisen ML, Branco LM, Andersen KG, Robinson JE, Garry RF, Fusco DN. Successful Clearance of 300 Day SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Subject with B-Cell Depletion Associated Prolonged (B-DEAP) COVID by REGEN-COV Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail. Viruses 2021; 13:1202. [PMID: 34201591 PMCID: PMC8310246 DOI: 10.3390/v13071202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old male with follicular lymphoma treated by anti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletion and ablative chemotherapy was hospitalized with a COVID-19 infection. Although the patient did not develop specific humoral immunity, he had a mild clinical course overall. The failure of all therapeutic options allowed infection to persist nearly 300 days with active accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations. As a rescue therapy, an infusion of REGEN-COV (10933 and 10987) anti-spike monoclonal antibodies was performed 270 days from initial diagnosis. Due to partial clearance after the first dose (2.4 g), a consolidation dose (8 g) was infused six weeks later. Complete virus clearance could then be observed over the following month, after he was vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech anti-COVID-19 vaccination. The successful management of this patient required prolonged enhanced quarantine, monitoring of virus mutations, pioneering clinical decisions based upon close consultation, and the coordination of multidisciplinary experts in virology, immunology, pharmacology, input from REGN, the FDA, the IRB, the health care team, the patient, and the patient's family. Current decisions to take revolve around patient's follicular lymphoma management, and monitoring for virus clearance persistence beyond disappearance of REGEN-COV monoclonal antibodies after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Overall, specific guidelines for similar cases should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud C. Drouin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Marc W. Theberge
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Sharon Y. Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Allison R. Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Shelby M. Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Mark Zeller
- The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (M.Z.); (K.G.A.)
| | | | - Peter Reynaud
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - W. Benjamin Rothwell
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Alfred P. Luk
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (M.L.B.); (L.M.B.)
| | | | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
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13
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Huang Z, Ning B, Yang HS, Youngquist BM, Niu A, Lyon CJ, Beddingfield BJ, Fears AC, Monk CH, Murrell AE, Bilton SJ, Linhuber JP, Norton EB, Dietrich ML, Yee J, Lai W, Scott JW, Yin XM, Rappaport J, Robinson JE, Saba NS, Roy CJ, Zwezdaryk KJ, Zhao Z, Hu TY. Sensitive tracking of circulating viral RNA through all stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146031. [PMID: 33561010 DOI: 10.1172/jci146031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDCirculating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA may represent a more reliable indicator of infection than nasal RNA, but quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) lacks diagnostic sensitivity for blood samples.METHODSA CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR assay that sensitively detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA was employed to analyze viral RNA kinetics in longitudinal plasma samples from nonhuman primates (NHPs) after virus exposure; to evaluate the utility of blood SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis in adults cases confirmed by nasal/nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR results; and to identify suspected COVID-19 cases in pediatric and at-risk adult populations with negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results. All blood samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR to allow direct comparisons.RESULTSCRISPR-augmented RT-PCR consistently detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the plasma of experimentally infected NHPs from 1 to 28 days after infection, and these increases preceded and correlated with rectal swab viral RNA increases. In a patient cohort (n = 159), this blood-based assay demonstrated 91.2% diagnostic sensitivity and 99.2% diagnostic specificity versus a comparator RT-qPCR nasal/nasopharyngeal test, whereas RT-qPCR exhibited 44.1% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity for the same blood samples. This CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR assay also accurately identified patients with COVID-19 using one or more negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results.CONCLUSIONResults of this study indicate that sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood by CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR permits accurate COVID-19 diagnosis, and can detect COVID-19 cases with transient or negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results, suggesting that this approach could improve COVID-19 diagnosis and the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infection clearance, and predict the severity of infection.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04358211.FUNDINGDepartment of Defense, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Center for Research Resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brady M Youngquist
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brandon J Beddingfield
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alyssa C Fears
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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14
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Eldesouki RE, Wu C, Saleh FM, Mohammed EAM, Younes S, Hassan NE, Brown TC, Alt EU, Robinson JE, Badr FM, Braun SE. Identification and Targeting of Thomsen-Friedenreich and IL1RAP Antigens on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Using Bi-Specific Antibodies. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:609-621. [PMID: 33519209 PMCID: PMC7837560 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a major role in therapeutic resistance and disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). LSCs belong to the primitive population; CD34+CD38-Lin-, which does not distinguish normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from CML LSCs. Because Thomsen–Friedenreich/CD176 antigen is expressed on CD34+ HSC and IL1RAP is tightly correlated to BCR-ABL expression, we sought to increase the specificity towards LSC by using additional biomarkers. Methods We evaluated the co-expression of both antigens on CD34+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy volunteers and CML patients, using flow cytometry. Then, we used site-directed mutagenesis to induce knob-in-hole mutations in the human IgG heavy chain and the human lambda light chain to generate the bi-specific antibody (Bis-Ab) TF/RAP that binds both antigens simultaneously. We measured complement-directed cytotoxicity (CDC) in CML samples with the Bis-Ab by flow cytometry. Results In contrast to healthy volunteers, CML samples displayed a highly significant co-expression of CD176 and IL1RAP. When either a double-positive cell line or CML samples were treated with increasing doses of Bis-Ab, increased binding and CDC was observed indicating co-operative binding of the Bis-Ab as compared to monoclonal antibodies. Discussion These results show that the bi-specific antibody is capable of targeting IL1RAP+ and CD176+ cell population among CML PBMCs, but not corresponding normal cells in CDC assay. We hereby offer a novel strategy for the depletion of CML stem cells from the bulk population in clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda E Eldesouki
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Fayez M Saleh
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdel-Moemen Mohammed
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soha Younes
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Theresa C Brown
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fouad Mohamed Badr
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Hastie KM, Cross RW, Harkins SS, Zandonatti MA, Koval AP, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Robinson JE, Geisbert TW, Garry RF, Branco LM, Saphire EO. Convergent Structures Illuminate Features for Germline Antibody Binding and Pan-Lassa Virus Neutralization. Cell 2020; 178:1004-1015.e14. [PMID: 31398326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes hemorrhagic fever and is endemic in West Africa. Protective antibody responses primarily target the LASV surface glycoprotein (GPC), and GPC-B competition group antibodies often show potent neutralizing activity in humans. However, which features confer potent and broadly neutralizing antibody responses is unclear. Here, we compared three crystal structures of LASV GPC complexed with GPC-B antibodies of varying neutralization potency. Each GPC-B antibody recognized an overlapping epitope involved in binding of two adjacent GPC monomers and preserved the prefusion trimeric conformation. Differences among GPC-antibody interactions highlighted specific residues that enhance neutralization. Using structure-guided amino acid substitutions, we increased the neutralization potency and breadth of these antibodies to include all major LASV lineages. The ability to define antibody residues that allow potent and broad neutralizing activity, together with findings from analyses of inferred germline precursors, is critical to develop potent therapeutics and for vaccine design and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S Harkins
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Zandonatti
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Saleh FM, Chandra PK, Lin D, Robinson JE, Izadpanah R, Mondal D, Bollensdorff C, Alt EU, Zhu Q, Marasco WA, Braun SE, Abdel-Motal UM. A New Humanized Mouse Model Mimics Humans in Lacking α-Gal Epitopes and Secreting Anti-Gal Antibodies. J Immunol 2020; 204:1998-2005. [PMID: 32144163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice have been used as accepted tools for investigating complex human diseases and new drug therapies because of their shared genetics and anatomical characteristics with humans. However, the tissues in mice are different from humans in that human cells have a natural mutation in the α1,3 galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) gene and lack α-Gal epitopes on glycosylated proteins, whereas mice and other nonprimate mammals express this epitope. The lack of α-Gal epitopes in humans results in the loss of immune tolerance to this epitope and production of abundant natural anti-Gal Abs. These natural anti-Gal Abs can be used as an adjuvant to enhance processing of vaccine epitopes to APCs. However, wild-type mice and all existing humanized mouse models cannot be used to test the efficacy of vaccines expressing α-Gal epitopes because they express α-Gal epitopes and lack anti-Gal Abs. Therefore, in an effort to bridge the gap between the mouse models and humans, we developed a new humanized mouse model that mimics humans in that it lacks α-Gal epitopes and secretes human anti-Gal Abs. The new humanized mouse model (Hu-NSG/α-Galnull) is designed to be used for preclinical evaluations of viral and tumor vaccines based on α-Gal epitopes, human-specific immune responses, xenotransplantation studies, and in vivo biomaterials evaluation. To our knowledge, our new Hu-NSG/α-Galnull is the first available humanized mouse model with such features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez M Saleh
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.,Department of Microbiology, Lincoln Memorial University-Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37932
| | | | - Eckhard U Alt
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Wayne A Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Ussama M Abdel-Motal
- Precision Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; and .,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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17
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Hough D, Robinson JE, Bellingham M, Fleming LM, McLaughlin M, Jama K, Haraldsen IRH, Solbakk AK, Evans NP. Peripubertal GnRH and testosterone co-treatment leads to increased familiarity preferences in male sheep. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:70-77. [PMID: 31229635 PMCID: PMC6712355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is effective for the medical suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in situations like central precocious puberty and gender dysphoria. However, its administration during the peripubertal period could influence normal brain development and function because GnRH receptors are expressed in brain regions that regulate emotions, cognition, motivation and memory. This study used an ovine model to determine whether chronic peripubertal GnRHa-treatment affected the developmental shift from preference of familiarity to novelty. Experimental groups included Controls and GnRHa-treated rams. To differentiate between effects of altered GnRH signaling and those associated with the loss of sex steroids, a group was also included that received testosterone replacement as well as GnRHa (GnRHa + T). Preference for a novel versus familiar object was assessed during 5-min social isolation at 8, 28 and 46 weeks of age. Approach behavior was measured as interactions with and time spent near the objects, whereas avoidance behavior was measured by time spent in the entrance zone and attempts to escape the arena via the entry point. Emotional reactivity was measured by the number of vocalizations, escape attempts and urinations. As Control and GnRHa-treated rams aged, their approach behaviors showed a shift from preference for familiarity (8 weeks) to novelty (46 weeks). In contrast, relative to the Controls the GnRHa + T rams exhibited more approach behaviors towards both objects, at 28 and 46 weeks of age and preferred familiarity at 46 weeks of age. Vocalisation rate was increased in GnRHa treated rams in late puberty (28 weeks) compared to both Control and GnRHa + T rams but this effect was not seen in young adulthood (46 weeks). These results suggest that the specific suppression of testosterone during a developmental window in late puberty may reduce emotional reactivity and hamper learning a flexible adjustment to environmental change. The results also suggest that disruption of either endogenous testosterone signalling or a synergistic action between GnRH and testosterone signalling, may delay maturation of cognitive processes (e.g. information processing) that affects the motivation of rams to approach and avoid objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hough
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - JE Robinson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - M Bellingham
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - LM Fleming
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - K Jama
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - IRH Haraldsen
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - AK Solbakk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Pb 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8607 Mosjøen, Norway
| | - NP Evans
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK,Corresponding author.
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18
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Cross RW, Hastie KM, Mire CE, Robinson JE, Geisbert TW, Branco LM, Ollmann Saphire E, Garry RF. Antibody therapy for Lassa fever. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:97-104. [PMID: 31401518 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serum from convalescent Lassa fever patients was previously shown to be ineffective as a source of protective antibodies in some early studies. Subsequently, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein produced by memory B cells of West African patients who survived Lassa fever were identified. Development of MAbs as potential Lassa immunotherapeutics was facilitated by structural studies and mutational analyses that identified protective epitopes on the prefusion form of the LASV glycoprotein. Human mAbs were screened for reactivity to different neutralizing epitopes, potency, and broad reactivity against multiple lineages of LASV. MAbs were downselected in a guinea pig model of Lassa fever. A cocktail of three human MAbs designated Arevirumab-3 rescued 100% of Cynomolgus macaques at advanced stages of disease more than a week post-infection. Antibody therapeutics may be further developed in clinical trials in endemic areas potentially offering a key treatment option for Lassa fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | | | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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19
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Elsawi RE, Wu C, Younes S, Mohammed EAM, Robinson JE, Badr FM, Braun SE. Abstract 1222A: Identification and targeting of CD34+CD176+IL1RAP+ chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells with bi-specific antibodies. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Leukemia Stem Cells (LSCs) quiescence in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) plays a major role in therapeutic resistance and disease progression calling for the need for identifying and targeting such cells (1). LSCs belong to the primitive population; CD34+CD38-Lin-, which can’t distinguish normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from CML LSCs. IL1RAP was successfully identified as a marker for BCR-ABL+ CD34+ LSCs, but was not specific as it was also expressed peripherally on platelets and monocytes (2). Another marker, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF, or CD176), was targeted by anti-CD176 mAb in CD176+ leukemic cell lines and induced Fas-mediated apoptosis not only in LSCs but also in all CD176+ cells (3). Because CD34 molecule is a major carrier of CD176 antigen (4) and IL1RAP is tightly correlated to BCR-ABL expression (5), we evaluated the co-expression of IL1RAP and CD176 on hematopoietic progenitor CD34+ CML stem cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CML (n = 4) or healthy volunteers (n = 1) were analyzed for BCR-ABL expression and stained with monoclonal anti-human CD176 and anti-human IL1RAP antibodies for analysis by flow cytometry analysis. CD34+HSCs displayed highly significant co-expression of these markers (P &It; 0.01). Additionally, flow-sorted CD34+CD176+IL1RAP+ cells displayed colony forming potential compared to CD34+CD176+IL1RAP- cells (CML-2, P &It; 0.01). Therefore, we generated a bi-specifıc antibody (bis-Ab); TF/RAP, that binds both antigens simultaneously. One Fab contained the VH and VL specific for CD176 and the other Fab was specific for IL1RAP. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to induce knob-in-hole mutations. Either a duel-positive cell line or CML samples were treated with bis-Ab for one hour, and increasing binding was observed (p &It; 0.001). Linear regression analysis has shown cooperative binding of the bis-Ab as compared to monoclonal antibodies. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay (CDC) was used to demonstrate killing of CML stem cells or duel+ cell lines. Our results have shown that our TF/RAP selectively targeted IL1RAP+ and CD176+ cell population among CML PBMCs, but not corresponding normal cells; providing a novel therapeutic strategy for the depletion of CML stem cells from the bulk population in clinical HSC transplantation.
1. Zhou H & Xu R (2015). Leukemia stem cells: the root of CML. Protein & cell, 6(6), 403-12.
2. Järås M et al. (2010). Isolation and killing of candidate chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells.... PNAS, 107(37), 16280-5.
3. Yi B et al. (2011). Mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by CD176 antibody in human leukemic cells. Int. J of Onc, 38, 1565-1573.
4. Karsten U & Goletz S(2013). What makes cancer stem cell markers different? Springer Plus, 2(1), 301.
5. Zhao K et al. (2014). IL1RAP as a surface marker for leukemia stem cells ... Int. J .of clinical and experimental medicine, 7(12), 4787-98.
Citation Format: Raghda Elsawi, ChengXiang Wu, Soha Younes, Eman Abdel-Momen Mohammed, James E. Robinson, Fouad Mohammed Badr, Stephen E. Braun. Identification and targeting of CD34+CD176+IL1RAP+ chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells with bi-specific antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1222A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soha Younes
- 1School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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20
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Wyse CA, Zhang X, McLaughlin M, Biello SM, Hough D, Bellingham M, Curtis AM, Robinson JE, Evans NP. Circadian rhythms of melatonin and behaviour in juvenile sheep in field conditions: Effects of photoperiod, environment and weaning. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:362-370. [PMID: 29894760 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Entrainment of circadian rhythms (CR) to the light dark cycle has been well described under controlled, experimental conditions. However, studies in rodents have reported that rhythms in the laboratory are not always reproduced under field conditions. The aim of this study was to characterise the CR of sheep maintained under conditions of standard UK farm animal husbandry and to investigate the effects of environmental challenges presented by season, weaning and changes in housing on CR. Male sheep (n = 9) were kept at pasture, or group housed in barns, under natural photoperiod for one year. CR in locomotor activity were monitored using accelerometry, and 24 h patterns in plasma cortisol and melatonin were measured every 4 h by ELISA. CR was measured before and after weaning, in summer and winter, and at pasture and by barn housing. Cosinor analysis revealed high amplitude, diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity that were disrupted by weaning and by barn housing. Rhythms in winter showed an interrupted night time activity pattern, but only when the sheep were kept at pasture. Cortisol and melatonin secretion followed typical circadian patterns in winter and summer. The CR of the sheep under the field conditions of this study were strikingly robust under basal conditions, but easily disrupted by environmental challenges. Interrupted patterns of activity during the long nights of wintertime, not previously reported for sheep kept in experimental conditions were recorded. Based on these findings, we propose that animals require exposure to more complex environments than the laboratory in order to exhibit their true circadian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wyse
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in, Ireland, 123, St Stephens Green, Dublin.
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M McLaughlin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Biello
- School of Psychology, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, United Kingdom
| | - D Hough
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A M Curtis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in, Ireland, 123, St Stephens Green, Dublin
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - N P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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21
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Mire CE, Cross RW, Geisbert JB, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Goba A, Momoh M, Boisen ML, Grant DS, Fullah M, Khan SH, Fenton KA, Robinson JE, Branco LM, Garry RF, Geisbert TW. Human-monoclonal-antibody therapy protects nonhuman primates against advanced Lassa fever. Nat Med 2017; 23:1146-1149. [PMID: 28869611 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are no approved treatments for Lassa fever, which is endemic to the same regions of West Africa that were recently devastated by Ebola. Here we show that a combination of human monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with the glycoproteins of all four clades of Lassa virus is able to rescue 100% of cynomolgus macaques when treatment is initiated at advanced stages of disease, including up to 8 d after challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,Polytechnic College, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Donald S Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Fullah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sheik Humarr Khan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence, Global Viral Network, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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22
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Hastie KM, Zandonatti MA, Kleinfelter LM, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Chandran K, Branco LM, Robinson JE, Garry RF, Saphire EO. Structural basis for antibody-mediated neutralization of Lassa virus. Science 2017; 356:923-928. [PMID: 28572385 PMCID: PMC6007842 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The arenavirus Lassa causes severe hemorrhagic fever and a significant disease burden in West Africa every year. The glycoprotein, GPC, is the sole antigen expressed on the viral surface and the critical target for antibody-mediated neutralization. Here we present the crystal structure of the trimeric, prefusion ectodomain of Lassa GP bound to a neutralizing antibody from a human survivor at 3.2-angstrom resolution. The antibody extensively anchors two monomers together at the base of the trimer, and biochemical analysis suggests that it neutralizes by inhibiting conformational changes required for entry. This work illuminates pH-driven conformational changes in both receptor-binding and fusion subunits of Lassa virus, illustrates the unique assembly of the arenavirus glycoprotein spike, and provides a much-needed template for vaccine design against these threats to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle A Zandonatti
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara M Kleinfelter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Abdul-Rahman II, Obese FY, Robinson JE, Awumbila B, Jeffcoate IA. Effects of season on the reproductive organs and steroid hormone profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris). Br Poult Sci 2017; 57:280-6. [PMID: 26951954 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1154504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study documented gross anatomical and histological differences in the reproductive organs of 28 breeding and non-breeding female guinea fowls. Peripheral progesterone and 17β-oestradiol concentrations were also compared in breeding and non-breeding hens. In non-breeding females, all ovarian and oviducal gross anatomical features had significantly regressed. Histologically, some of the changes in a regressing oviduct include systematic changes in height and size of all epithelial cells in all regions of the duct, absence/sparse ciliation of portions of surface epithelium in the magnum, isthmian and uterine regions, general loss of cytoplasmic mass, reduction in size and degeneration of tubular glands. Mucosal folds in all regions of the oviduct except the infundibular lip were higher in breeding females. No difference was found between the two groups in plasma progesterone concentrations. Breeding females, however, had higher peripheral oestradiol concentrations than non-breeding females. About 2 h prior to oviposition, plasma oestradiol concentrations peaked at 2.4-fold (230 pg/ml) compared with baseline concentration and plasma progesterone concentrations by nearly 9-fold (5.29 ng/ml) of baseline. Significant regression and changes in the histological structure of the ovary and oviduct had occurred in non-breeding females, and lower peripheral oestrogen concentrations may be responsible for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Abdul-Rahman
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University for Development Studies , Tamale , Ghana
| | - F Y Obese
- b Department of Animal Science , School of Agriculture, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | - J E Robinson
- c Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , Glasgow , Scotland, UK
| | - B Awumbila
- b Department of Animal Science , School of Agriculture, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | - I A Jeffcoate
- c Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , Glasgow , Scotland, UK
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24
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Wibmer CK, Gorman J, Ozorowski G, Bhiman JN, Sheward DJ, Elliott DH, Rouelle J, Smira A, Joyce MG, Ndabambi N, Druz A, Asokan M, Burton DR, Connors M, Abdool Karim SS, Mascola JR, Robinson JE, Ward AB, Williamson C, Kwong PD, Morris L, Moore PL. Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006074. [PMID: 28076415 PMCID: PMC5226681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jinal N. Bhiman
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel J. Sheward
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julie Rouelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ashley Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - M. Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nonkululeko Ndabambi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aliaksandr Druz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mangai Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, CHAVI-ID and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Centre, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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25
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Cross RW, Mire CE, Branco LM, Geisbert JB, Rowland MM, Heinrich ML, Goba A, Momoh M, Grant DS, Fullah M, Khan SH, Robinson JE, Geisbert TW, Garry RF. Treatment of Lassa virus infection in outbred guinea pigs with first-in-class human monoclonal antibodies. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:218-222. [PMID: 27531367 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lassa fever is a significant health threat to West African human populations with hundreds of thousands of annual cases. There are no approved medical countermeasures currently available. Compassionate use of the antiviral drug ribavirin or transfusion of convalescent serum has resulted in mixed success depending on when administered or the donor source, respectively. We previously identified several recombinant human monoclonal antibodies targeting the glycoprotein of Lassa virus with strong neutralization profiles in vitro. Here, we demonstrate remarkable therapeutic efficacy using first-in-class human antibodies in a guinea pig model of Lassa infection thereby presenting a promising treatment alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,Polytechnic College, Kenema Sierra Leone
| | - Donald S Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Fullah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sheik Humarr Khan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - James E Robinson
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, MD.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Sinclair KD, Rutherford KMD, Wallace JM, Brameld JM, Stöger R, Alberio R, Sweetman D, Gardner DS, Perry VEA, Adam CL, Ashworth CJ, Robinson JE, Dwyer CM. Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD16102. [PMID: 27439952 DOI: 10.1071/rd16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the 'developmental origins of health and disease' or 'DOHaD' hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.
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Goba A, Khan SH, Fonnie M, Fullah M, Moigboi A, Kovoma A, Sinnah V, Yoko N, Rogers H, Safai S, Momoh M, Koroma V, Kamara FK, Konowu E, Yillah M, French I, Mustapha I, Kanneh F, Foday M, McCarthy H, Kallon T, Kallon M, Naiebu J, Sellu J, Jalloh AA, Gbakie M, Kanneh L, Massaly JLB, Kargbo D, Kargbo B, Vandi M, Gbetuwa M, Gevao SM, Sandi JD, Jalloh SC, Grant DS, Blyden SO, Crozier I, Schieffelin JS, McLellan SL, Jacob ST, Boisen ML, Hartnett JN, Cross RW, Branco LM, Andersen KG, Yozwiak NL, Gire SK, Tariyal R, Park DJ, Haislip AM, Bishop CM, Melnik LI, Gallaher WR, Wimley WC, He J, Shaffer JG, Sullivan BM, Grillo S, Oman S, Garry CE, Edwards DR, McCormick SJ, Elliott DH, Rouelle JA, Kannadka CB, Reyna AA, Bradley BT, Yu H, Yenni RE, Hastie KM, Geisbert JB, Kulakosky PC, Wilson RB, Oldstone MBA, Pitts KR, Henderson LA, Robinson JE, Geisbert TW, Saphire EO, Happi CT, Asogun DA, Sabeti PC, Garry RF. An Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in the Lassa Fever Zone. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:S110-S121. [PMID: 27402779 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) has developed an advanced clinical and laboratory research capacity to manage the threat of Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). The 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) outbreak is the first to have occurred in an area close to a facility with established clinical and laboratory capacity for study of VHFs. METHODS Because of its proximity to the epicenter of the EVD outbreak, which began in Guinea in March 2014, the KGH Lassa fever Team mobilized to establish EBOV surveillance and diagnostic capabilities. RESULTS Augustine Goba, director of the KGH Lassa laboratory, diagnosed the first documented case of EVD in Sierra Leone, on 25 May 2014. Thereafter, KGH received and cared for numbers of patients with EVD that quickly overwhelmed the capacity for safe management. Numerous healthcare workers contracted and lost their lives to EVD. The vast majority of subsequent EVD cases in West Africa can be traced back to a single transmission chain that includes this first diagnosed case. CONCLUSIONS Responding to the challenges of confronting 2 hemorrhagic fever viruses will require continued investments in the development of countermeasures (vaccines, therapeutic agents, and diagnostic assays), infrastructure, and human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - S Humarr Khan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Mbalu Fonnie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Mohamed Fullah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Alex Moigboi
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Alice Kovoma
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Vandi Sinnah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Nancy Yoko
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Hawa Rogers
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Siddiki Safai
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | | | - Edwin Konowu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Mohamed Yillah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Issa French
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | | | - Momoh Foday
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | - Tiangay Kallon
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | - Jenneh Naiebu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | - Abdul A Jalloh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Michael Gbakie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Sandi
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital
| | | | - Donald S Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital Ministry of Health and Sanitation
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- World Health Organization Sierra Leone Ebola Response Team, Freetown, Sierra Leone Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Susan L McLellan
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Department of Tropical Medicine
| | - Shevin T Jacob
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Matt L Boisen
- Corgenix, Broomfield, Colorado Zalgen Labs, Germantown, Maryland
| | | | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William R Gallaher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, LSU Health Mockingbird Nature Research Group, Pearl River, Louisiana
| | | | - Jing He
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | | | - Sonia Grillo
- Naval Engineering Facilities Command, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Courtney E Garry
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Autoimmune Technologies, New Orleans
| | | | | | - Deborah H Elliott
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Julie A Rouelle
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Chandrika B Kannadka
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Ashley A Reyna
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Benjamin T Bradley
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Haini Yu
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James E Robinson
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla
| | - Christian T Happi
- Redeemer's University, Ede Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | | | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Zalgen Labs, Germantown, Maryland
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Swanstrom AE, Haggarty B, Jordan APO, Romano J, Leslie GJ, Aye PP, Marx PA, Lackner AA, Del Prete GQ, Robinson JE, Betts MR, Montefiori DC, LaBranche CC, Hoxie JA. Derivation and Characterization of a CD4-Independent, Non-CD4-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. J Virol 2016; 90:4966-4980. [PMID: 26937037 PMCID: PMC4859711 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02851-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD4 tropism is conserved among all primate lentiviruses and likely contributes to viral pathogenesis by targeting cells that are critical for adaptive antiviral immune responses. Although CD4-independent variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been described that can utilize the coreceptor CCR5 or CXCR4 in the absence of CD4, these viruses typically retain their CD4 binding sites and still can interact with CD4. We describe the derivation of a novel CD4-independent variant of pathogenic SIVmac239, termed iMac239, that was used to derive an infectious R5-tropic SIV lacking a CD4 binding site. Of the seven mutations that differentiate iMac239 from wild-type SIVmac239, a single change (D178G) in the V1/V2 region was sufficient to confer CD4 independence in cell-cell fusion assays, although other mutations were required for replication competence. Like other CD4-independent viruses, iMac239 was highly neutralization sensitive, although mutations were identified that could confer CD4-independent infection without increasing its neutralization sensitivity. Strikingly, iMac239 retained the ability to replicate in cell lines and primary cells even when its CD4 binding site had been ablated by deletion of a highly conserved aspartic acid at position 385, which, for HIV-1, plays a critical role in CD4 binding. iMac239, with and without the D385 deletion, exhibited an expanded host range in primary rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells that included CCR5(+) CD8(+) T cells. As the first non-CD4-tropic SIV, iMac239-ΔD385 will afford the opportunity to directly assess the in vivo role of CD4 targeting on pathogenesis and host immune responses. IMPORTANCE CD4 tropism is an invariant feature of primate lentiviruses and likely plays a key role in pathogenesis by focusing viral infection onto cells that mediate adaptive immune responses and in protecting virions attached to cells from neutralizing antibodies. Although CD4-independent viruses are well described for HIV and SIV, these viruses characteristically retain their CD4 binding site and can engage CD4 if available. We derived a novel CD4-independent, CCR5-tropic variant of the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239, termed iMac239. The genetic determinants of iMac239's CD4 independence provide new insights into mechanisms that underlie this phenotype. This virus remained replication competent even after its CD4 binding site had been ablated by mutagenesis. As the first truly non-CD4-tropic SIV, lacking the capacity to interact with CD4, iMac239 will provide the unique opportunity to evaluate SIV pathogenesis and host immune responses in the absence of the immunomodulatory effects of CD4(+) T cell targeting and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Swanstrom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Haggarty
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea P O Jordan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josephine Romano
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George J Leslie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Preston A Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James A Hoxie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Robinson JE, Hastie KM, Cross RW, Yenni RE, Elliott DH, Rouelle JA, Kannadka CB, Smira AA, Garry CE, Bradley BT, Yu H, Shaffer JG, Boisen ML, Hartnett JN, Zandonatti MA, Rowland MM, Heinrich ML, Martínez-Sobrido L, Cheng B, de la Torre JC, Andersen KG, Goba A, Momoh M, Fullah M, Gbakie M, Kanneh L, Koroma VJ, Fonnie R, Jalloh SC, Kargbo B, Vandi MA, Gbetuwa M, Ikponmwosa O, Asogun DA, Okokhere PO, Follarin OA, Schieffelin JS, Pitts KR, Geisbert JB, Kulakoski PC, Wilson RB, Happi CT, Sabeti PC, Gevao SM, Khan SH, Grant DS, Geisbert TW, Saphire EO, Branco LM, Garry RF. Most neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies target novel epitopes requiring both Lassa virus glycoprotein subunits. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11544. [PMID: 27161536 PMCID: PMC4866400 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever is a severe multisystem disease that often has haemorrhagic manifestations. The epitopes of the Lassa virus (LASV) surface glycoproteins recognized by naturally infected human hosts have not been identified or characterized. Here we have cloned 113 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for LASV glycoproteins from memory B cells of Lassa fever survivors from West Africa. One-half bind the GP2 fusion subunit, one-fourth recognize the GP1 receptor-binding subunit and the remaining fourth are specific for the assembled glycoprotein complex, requiring both GP1 and GP2 subunits for recognition. Notably, of the 16 mAbs that neutralize LASV, 13 require the assembled glycoprotein complex for binding, while the remaining 3 require GP1 only. Compared with non-neutralizing mAbs, neutralizing mAbs have higher binding affinities and greater divergence from germline progenitors. Some mAbs potently neutralize all four LASV lineages. These insights from LASV human mAb characterization will guide strategies for immunotherapeutic development and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Robinson
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Rachael E Yenni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Deborah H Elliott
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Julie A Rouelle
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Chandrika B Kannadka
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Ashley A Smira
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Courtney E Garry
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.,Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, 1010 Common St #1705, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Benjamin T Bradley
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Haini Yu
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Matt L Boisen
- Corgenix, Inc., 11575 Main Street #400, Broomfield, Colorado 80020, USA
| | - Jessica N Hartnett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Michelle A Zandonatti
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Megan M Rowland
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Suite 2083, Germantown, Maryland 20876, USA
| | - Megan L Heinrich
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Suite 2083, Germantown, Maryland 20876, USA
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Benson Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Juan C de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Department of Laboratory Sciences Polytechnic College, 2 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Fullah
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Department of Laboratory Sciences Polytechnic College, 2 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Michael Gbakie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Veronica J Koroma
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Richard Fonnie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Simbirie C Jalloh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Brima Kargbo
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed A Vandi
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Momoh Gbetuwa
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Odia Ikponmwosa
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Km. 87, Benin/Auchi Road, Irrua, Nigeria
| | - Danny A Asogun
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Km. 87, Benin/Auchi Road, Irrua, Nigeria
| | - Peter O Okokhere
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Km. 87, Benin/Auchi Road, Irrua, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe A Follarin
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Km. 87, Benin/Auchi Road, Irrua, Nigeria.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Off Gbongan-Oshogbo Road, Ede, Nigeria.,African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Disease (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Off Gbongan-Oshogbo Road, Ede, Nigeria
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.,Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Kelly R Pitts
- Corgenix, Inc., 11575 Main Street #400, Broomfield, Colorado 80020, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Peter C Kulakoski
- Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, 1010 Common St #1705, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Russell B Wilson
- Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, 1010 Common St #1705, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Christian T Happi
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Km. 87, Benin/Auchi Road, Irrua, Nigeria.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Off Gbongan-Oshogbo Road, Ede, Nigeria.,African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Disease (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Off Gbongan-Oshogbo Road, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Center for Systems Biology, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sahr M Gevao
- Department of Medicine, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - S Humarr Khan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Donald S Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, 1 Combema Road, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Luis M Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Suite 2083, Germantown, Maryland 20876, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.,Zalgen Labs, LLC, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Suite 2083, Germantown, Maryland 20876, USA
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Seidner G, Robinson JE, Wu M, Worden K, Masek P, Roberts SW, Keene AC, Joiner WJ. Identification of Neurons with a Privileged Role in Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2928-38. [PMID: 26526372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is thought to be controlled by two main processes: a circadian clock that primarily regulates sleep timing and a homeostatic mechanism that detects and responds to sleep need. Whereas abundant experimental evidence suggests that sleep need increases with time spent awake, the contributions of different brain arousal systems have not been assessed independently of each other to determine whether certain neural circuits, rather than waking per se, selectively contribute to sleep homeostasis. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we found that sustained thermogenetic activation of three independent neurotransmitter systems promoted nighttime wakefulness. However, only sleep deprivation resulting from activation of cholinergic neurons was sufficient to elicit subsequent homeostatic recovery sleep, as assessed by multiple behavioral criteria. In contrast, sleep deprivation resulting from activation of octopaminergic neurons suppressed homeostatic recovery sleep, indicating that wakefulness can be dissociated from accrual of sleep need. Neurons that promote sleep homeostasis were found to innervate the central brain and motor control regions of the thoracic ganglion. Blocking activity of these neurons suppressed recovery sleep but did not alter baseline sleep, further differentiating between neural control of sleep homeostasis and daily fluctuations in the sleep/wake cycle. Importantly, selective activation of wake-promoting neurons without engaging the sleep homeostat impaired subsequent short-term memory, thus providing evidence that neural circuits that regulate sleep homeostasis are important for behavioral plasticity. Together, our data suggest a neural circuit model involving distinct populations of wake-promoting neurons, some of which are involved in homeostatic control of sleep and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Seidner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meilin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kurtresha Worden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pavel Masek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Stephen W Roberts
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - William J Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Gohain N, Tolbert WD, Acharya P, Yu L, Liu T, Zhao P, Orlandi C, Visciano ML, Kamin-Lewis R, Sajadi MM, Martin L, Robinson JE, Kwong PD, DeVico AL, Ray K, Lewis GK, Pazgier M. Cocrystal Structures of Antibody N60-i3 and Antibody JR4 in Complex with gp120 Define More Cluster A Epitopes Involved in Effective Antibody-Dependent Effector Function against HIV-1. J Virol 2015; 89:8840-54. [PMID: 26085162 PMCID: PMC4524080 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01232-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Accumulating evidence indicates a role for Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated effector functions of antibodies, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), in prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition and in postinfection control of viremia. Consequently, an understanding of the molecular basis for Env epitopes that constitute effective ADCC targets is of fundamental interest for humoral anti-HIV-1 immunity and for HIV-1 vaccine design. A substantial portion of FcR effector function of potentially protective anti-HIV-1 antibodies is directed toward nonneutralizing, transitional, CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitopes associated with the gp41-reactive region of gp120 (cluster A epitopes). Our previous studies defined the A32-like epitope within the cluster A region and mapped it to the highly conserved and mobile layers 1 and 2 of the gp120 inner domain within the C1-C2 regions of gp120. Here, we elucidate additional cluster A epitope structures, including an A32-like epitope, recognized by human monoclonal antibody (MAb) N60-i3, and a hybrid A32-C11-like epitope, recognized by rhesus macaque MAb JR4. These studies define for the first time a hybrid A32-C11-like epitope and map it to elements of both the A32-like subregion and the seven-layered β-sheet of the gp41-interactive region of gp120. These studies provide additional evidence that effective antibody-dependent effector function in the cluster A region depends on precise epitope targeting--a combination of epitope footprint and mode of antibody attachment. All together these findings help further an understanding of how cluster A epitopes are targeted by humoral responses. IMPORTANCE HIV/AIDS has claimed the lives of over 30 million people. Although antiretroviral drugs can control viral replication, no vaccine has yet been developed to prevent the spread of the disease. Studies of natural HIV-1 infection, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)- or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs), and HIV-1-infected humanized mouse models, passive transfer studies in infants born to HIV-infected mothers, and the RV144 clinical trial have linked FcR-mediated effector functions of anti-HIV-1 antibodies with postinfection control of viremia and/or blocking viral acquisition. With this report we provide additional definition of the molecular determinants for Env antigen engagement which lead to effective antibody-dependent effector function directed to the nonneutralizing CD4-dependent epitopes in the gp41-reactive region of gp120. These findings have important implications for the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongyun Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria L Visciano
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberta Kamin-Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Medical Care Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Loïc Martin
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony L DeVico
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George K Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ratliff EP, Mauntz RE, Kotzebue RW, Gonzalez A, Achal M, Barekat A, Finley KA, Sparhawk JM, Robinson JE, Herr DR, Harris GL, Joiner WJ, Finley KD. Aging and Autophagic Function Influences the Progressive Decline of Adult Drosophila Behaviors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132768. [PMID: 26182057 PMCID: PMC4504520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurological disorders are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates and the progressive impairment of complex behaviors. Our Drosophila studies demonstrate that middle-aged wild-type flies (WT, ~4-weeks) exhibit a marked accumulation of neural aggregates that is commensurate with the decline of the autophagy pathway. However, enhancing autophagy via neuronal over-expression of Atg8a (Atg8a-OE) reduces the age-dependent accumulation of aggregates. Here we assess basal locomotor activity profiles for single- and group-housed male and female WT flies and observed that only modest behavioral changes occurred by 4-weeks of age, with the noted exception of group-housed male flies. Male flies in same-sex social groups exhibit a progressive increase in nighttime activity. Infrared videos show aged group-housed males (4-weeks) are engaged in extensive bouts of courtship during periods of darkness, which is partly repressed during lighted conditions. Together, these nighttime courtship behaviors were nearly absent in young WT flies and aged Atg8a-OE flies. Previous studies have indicated a regulatory role for olfaction in male courtship partner choice. Coincidently, the mRNA expression profiles of several olfactory genes decline with age in WT flies; however, they are maintained in age-matched Atg8a-OE flies. Together, these results suggest that middle-aged male flies develop impairments in olfaction, which could contribute to the dysregulation of courtship behaviors during dark time periods. Combined, our results demonstrate that as Drosophila age, they develop early behavior defects that are coordinate with protein aggregate accumulation in the nervous system. In addition, the nighttime activity behavior is preserved when neuronal autophagy is maintained (Atg8a-OE flies). Thus, environmental or genetic factors that modify autophagic capacity could have a positive impact on neuronal aging and complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Ratliff
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Mauntz
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Roxanne W. Kotzebue
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Arysa Gonzalez
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Madhulika Achal
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ayeh Barekat
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kaelyn A. Finley
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Sparhawk
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - James E. Robinson
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Greg L. Harris
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Joiner
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kim D. Finley
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Crooks ET, Tong T, Chakrabarti B, Narayan K, Georgiev IS, Menis S, Huang X, Kulp D, Osawa K, Muranaka J, Stewart-Jones G, Destefano J, O’Dell S, LaBranche C, Robinson JE, Montefiori DC, McKee K, Du SX, Doria-Rose N, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Zhu P, Schief WR, Wyatt RT, Whalen RG, Binley JM. Vaccine-Elicited Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Bind to Quaternary Epitopes Involving Glycan-Deficient Patches Proximal to the CD4 Binding Site. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004932. [PMID: 26023780 PMCID: PMC4449185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eliciting broad tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine research. Here we investigated the ability of native, membrane-expressed JR-FL Env trimers to elicit nAbs. Unusually potent nAb titers developed in 2 of 8 rabbits immunized with virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing trimers (trimer VLP sera) and in 1 of 20 rabbits immunized with DNA expressing native Env trimer, followed by a protein boost (DNA trimer sera). All 3 sera neutralized via quaternary epitopes and exploited natural gaps in the glycan defenses of the second conserved region of JR-FL gp120. Specifically, trimer VLP sera took advantage of the unusual absence of a glycan at residue 197 (present in 98.7% of Envs). Intriguingly, removing the N197 glycan (with no loss of tier 2 phenotype) rendered 50% or 16.7% (n = 18) of clade B tier 2 isolates sensitive to the two trimer VLP sera, showing broad neutralization via the surface masked by the N197 glycan. Neutralizing sera targeted epitopes that overlap with the CD4 binding site, consistent with the role of the N197 glycan in a putative “glycan fence” that limits access to this region. A bioinformatics analysis suggested shared features of one of the trimer VLP sera and monoclonal antibody PG9, consistent with its trimer-dependency. The neutralizing DNA trimer serum took advantage of the absence of a glycan at residue 230, also proximal to the CD4 binding site and suggesting an epitope similar to that of monoclonal antibody 8ANC195, albeit lacking tier 2 breadth. Taken together, our data show for the first time that strain-specific holes in the glycan fence can allow the development of tier 2 neutralizing antibodies to native spikes. Moreover, cross-neutralization can occur in the absence of protecting glycan. Overall, our observations provide new insights that may inform the future development of a neutralizing antibody vaccine. Here we show that native HIV-1 Env spikes expressed in a natural membrane context can induce potent tier 2 nAbs in rabbits. These antibodies reacted exclusively with epitopes present on these trimers and not with isolated Env subunits. Intriguingly, the neutralizing sera were found to take advantage of natural gaps in the carbohydrate defenses of Env spikes of the vaccine strain. Some sera were able to neutralize heterologous isolates, provided that a key, regulating glycan was removed. Overall, these findings suggest that native, membrane-expressed trimers hold promise for further development as vaccine candidates. In the future, by adapting our current findings, we might be able to encourage nAb development to key conserved sites by introducing additional, targeted gaps in the trimer's glycan shell. We suggest that the rare ability to predictably induce potent autologous neutralizing antibodies to field isolates, as we report here, provides a foundation for exploring new strategies aimed at inducing neutralization breadth which is widely expected to be essential for vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema T. Crooks
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Tommy Tong
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bimal Chakrabarti
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kristin Narayan
- Altravax, Inc., Sunnyvale, California, United States of America
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergey Menis
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Kulp
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Keiko Osawa
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Guillaume Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Destefano
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Design and Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James E. Robinson
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean X. Du
- Altravax, Inc., Sunnyvale, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - William R. Schief
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Wyatt
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - James M. Binley
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nguyen HNP, Steede NK, Robinson JE, Landry SJ. Conformational instability governed by disulfide bonds partitions the dominant from subdominant helper T-cell responses specific for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Vaccine 2015; 33:2887-96. [PMID: 25944298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generate a CD4(+) T-cell response that is dominated by a few epitopes. Immunodominance may be counterproductive because a broad CD4(+) T-cell response is associated with reduced viral load. Previous studies indicated that antigen three-dimensional structure controls antigen processing and presentation and therefore CD4(+) T-cell epitope dominance. Dominant epitopes occur adjacent to the V1-V2, V3, and V4 loops because proteolytic antigen processing in the loops promotes presentation of adjacent sequences. In this study, three gp120 (strain JR-FL) variants were constructed, in which deletions of single outer-domain disulfide bonds were expected to introduce local conformational flexibility and promote presentation of additional CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. Following mucosal immunization of C57BL/6 mice with wild-type or variant gp120 lacking the V3-flanking disulfide bond, the typical pattern of dominant epitopes was observed, suggesting that the disulfide bond posed no barrier to antigen presentation. In mice that lacked gamma interferon-inducible lysosomal thioreductase (GILT), proliferative responses to the typically dominant epitopes of gp120 were selectively depressed, and the dominance pattern was rearranged. Deletion of the V3-flanking disulfide bond or one of the V4-flanking disulfide bonds partially restored highly proliferative responses to the typically dominant epitopes. These results reveal an acute dependence of dominant CD4(+) T-cell responses on the native gp120 conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Nam P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - N Kalaya Steede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel J Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Hartnett JN, Boisen ML, Oottamasathien D, Jones AB, Millett MM, Nelson DS, Muncy IJ, Goba A, Momoh M, Fullah M, Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Geisbert TW, Holton DL, Rouelle JA, Kannadka CB, Reyna AA, Moses LM, Khan SH, Gevao SM, Grant DS, Robinson JE, Happi C, Pitts KR, Garry RF, Branco LM. Current and emerging strategies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Lassa fever. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lassa fever (LF) is a potentially fatal disease that affects an estimated 300,000–500,000 people in endemic areas of west Africa each year. Though past studies have identified fatality rates of 5–20% in patients suspected to have contracted Lassa virus (LASV), new studies using more precise clinical diagnoses and modern diagnostic assays show fatalities rates above 60% in acutely ill patients from endemic regions. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics, and only one Comformité Européenne (CE) marked rapid immunodiagnostic for acute LASV infection. Therefore, preventing LASV transmission is the primary goal in endemic regions. Development of rapid immunodiagnostics and research into the efficacy of current treatment options continues toward saving lives in west Africa as well as creating a line of defense against the nefarious use of LASV in bioterrorism settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Hartnett
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Matthew L Boisen
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Corgenix Medical Corporation, Broomfield, CO 80020, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivana J Muncy
- Corgenix Medical Corporation, Broomfield, CO 80020, USA
| | | | - Mambu Momoh
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Eastern Polytechnic College, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Debra L Holton
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Julie A Rouelle
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chandrika B Kannadka
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ashley A Reyna
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lina M Moses
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Sahr M Gevao
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Donald S Grant
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Pitts
- Corgenix Medical Corporation, Broomfield, CO 80020, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
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37
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Murphy MK, Wetzel KS, Kilgore KM, Smith SA, Burton SL, Reddy S, Francella N, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Cole KS, Villinger F, Robinson JE, Pulendran B, Collman RG, Amara RR, Derdeyn CA. DNA/MVA and Protein-based SIV Vaccine Regimens Delivered to Rhesus Macaques with Novel Adjuvants Fail to Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies with Breadth. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5156.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald L. Sodora
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Kelly S. Cole
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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38
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Wibmer CK, Sheward DJ, Bhiman JN, Ndabambi N, Elliot DH, Rouelle J, Smira A, Karim SSA, Robinson JE, Morris L, Williamson C, Moore PL. Viral Escape Pathways from Broadly Neutralising Antibodies Targeting the HIV Envelope Cleavage Site Enhance MPER Mediated Neutralisation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5026.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Centre for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel J. Sheward
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jinal N. Bhiman
- Centre for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Ndabambi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debra H. Elliot
- Tulane University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Julie Rouelle
- Tulane University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ashley Smira
- Tulane University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - James E. Robinson
- Tulane University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM) and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Centre for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Tong T, Crooks ET, Osawa K, Robinson JE, Barnes M, Apetrei C, Binley JM. Multi-parameter exploration of HIV-1 virus-like particles as neutralizing antibody immunogens in guinea pigs, rabbits and macaques. Virology 2014; 456-457:55-69. [PMID: 24889225 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer a platform to test the hypothesis that, since antibody binding to native envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers results in HIV-1 neutralization, that native Env trimers presented in membranes may be useful for inducing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in a vaccine setting. So far, VLPs have not fulfilled this potential. Here, using a "shotgun" approach, we evaluated a wide cross-section of variables in a series of VLP immunizations. We identified 3 tentative leads. First, that VLP doses may not have been sufficient for optimal nAb induction. Second, that dampening the antigenicity of non-functional Env (for example uncleaved gp160) using either protease digests or IgG masking may be useful. Third, that guinea pig sera preferentially target non-conserved epitopes and exhibit relatively high background activity, suggesting that rabbits may be preferable as small animal vaccine models. Recent immunogenicity studies in rabbits appear to bear out all 3 of these leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Tong
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ema T Crooks
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keiko Osawa
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mary Barnes
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - James M Binley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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40
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Chiringa J, Robinson JE, Clancy C. Reasons for recall following conditional discharge: explanations given by male patients suffering from dual diagnosis in a London Forensic Unit. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:336-44. [PMID: 23651216 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients who have been discharged from forensic services often have conditions they have to abide by as part of their discharge, and failure to do so leads to recall. We interviewed six men who had been conditionally discharged from forensic services and then been recalled into hospital to find out what they thought went wrong. The reasons they gave for why things went wrong included feeling that the system was unfair and made them feel like criminals even though they did not feel they had put anyone at risk. Some of them were not fully aware of the conditions they needed to adhere to, and some of them had breached the conditions but did not take responsibility for what had happened. In addition, supervision was felt to be very controlling and disruptive rather than supportive when patients were often lonely, bored and needing support. Most participants reported that they experienced poor standards of aftercare in hostels they were required to reside in. In the future, care of patients after conditional discharge should include better communication between patients and their supervisory team, recognition of the need for more support and improvements in the standards of care in hostels, as well as a collaborative approach to risk assessment that might reduce the frequency of relapse and readmission. This study explores how male patients suffering from dual diagnosis in a forensic unit perceive being recalled and readmitted following conditional discharge and their views about how services might be improved. A qualitative approach was used drawing on grounded theory techniques. Audiotaped semistructured interviews collected data from a purposefully selected sample of six participants who had been recalled and met the inclusion criteria of the study. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Most participants perceived the recall system as unfair, inappropriately criminalized their behaviour and was based on an assessment of risk that they did not understand or accept. Participants were not fully aware of the conditions of their discharge, and most did not accept responsibility for their role in being recalled and blamed the system. Care following discharge was rarely seen as positive, and poor standards in hostels were reported by most participants. Supervision was often seen as disruptive and controlling, and focused more on surveillance rather than support. Better communication might have helped them understand and adhere to the conditions of their discharge. Participants identified the importance of family and friends to their recovery, the importance of having their own accommodation, and the need to be more independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chiringa
- Drug and Alcohol Support Services, St Bernard's Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Southall
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41
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Bailey KL, Bonasera SJ, Wilderdyke M, Hanisch BW, Pavlik JA, DeVasure J, Robinson JE, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA. Aging causes a slowing in ciliary beat frequency, mediated by PKCε. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L584-9. [PMID: 24487393 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00175.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly are at much higher risk for developing pneumonia than younger individuals. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death and is the third most common reason for hospitalization in the elderly. One reason that elderly people may be more susceptible to pneumonia is a breakdown in the lung's first line of defense, mucociliary clearance. Cilia beat in a coordinated manner to propel out invading microorganisms and particles. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is known to slow with aging, however, little is known about the mechanism(s) involved. We compared the CBF in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice aged 2, 12, and 24 mo and found that CBF diminishes with age. Cilia in the mice at age 12 and 24 mo retained their ability to be stimulated by the β2 agonist procaterol. To help determine the mechanism of ciliary slowing, we measured protein kinase C alpha and epsilon (PKCα and PKCε) activity. There were no activity differences in PKCα between the mice aged 2, 12, or 24 mo. However, we demonstrated a significantly higher PKCε activity in the mice at 12 and 24 mo than the in the mice 2 mo of age. The increase in activity is likely due to a nearly threefold increase in PKCε protein in the lung during aging. To strengthen the connection between activation of PKCε and ciliary slowing, we treated tracheas of mice at 2 mo with the PKCε agonist 8-[2-(2-pentylcyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid (DCP-LA). We noted a similar decrease in baseline CBF, and the cilia remained sensitive to stimulation with β2 agonists. The mechanisms for the slowing of baseline CBF have not been previously determined. In this mouse model of aging we were able to show that decreases in CBF are related to an increase in PKCε activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Bailey
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910.
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Steede NK, Rust BJ, Hossain MM, Freytag LC, Robinson JE, Landry SJ. Shaping T cell - B cell collaboration in the response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 by peptide priming. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65748. [PMID: 23776539 PMCID: PMC3679139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prime-boost vaccination regimes have shown promise for obtaining protective immunity to HIV. Poorly understood mechanisms of cellular immunity could be responsible for improved humoral responses. Although CD4+ T-cell help promotes B-cell development, the relationship of CD4+ T-cell specificity to antibody specificity has not been systematically investigated. Here, protein and peptide-specific immune responses to HIV-1 gp120 were characterized in groups of ten mucosally immunized BALB/c mice. Protein and peptide reactivity of serum antibody was tested for correlation with cytokine secretion by splenocytes restimulated with individual gp120 peptides. Antibody titer for gp120 correlated poorly with the peptide-stimulated T-cell response. In contrast, titers for conformational epitopes, measured as crossreactivity or CD4-blocking, correlated with average interleukin-2 and interleukin-5 production in response to gp120 peptides. Antibodies specific for conformational epitopes and individual gp120 peptides typically correlated with T-cell responses to several peptides. In order to modify the specificity of immune responses, animals were primed with a gp120 peptide prior to immunization with protein. Priming induced distinct peptide-specific correlations of antibodies and T-cells. The majority of correlated antibodies were specific for the primed peptides or other peptides nearby in the gp120 sequence. These studies suggest that the dominant B-cell subsets recruit the dominant T-cell subsets and that T-B collaborations can be shaped by epitope-specific priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kalaya Steede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Blake J. Rust
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mohammad M. Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lucy C. Freytag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Murphy MK, Yue L, Pan R, Boliar S, Sethi A, Tian J, Pfafferot K, Karita E, Allen SA, Cormier E, Goepfert PA, Borrow P, Robinson JE, Gnanakaran S, Hunter E, Kong XP, Derdeyn CA. Viral escape from neutralizing antibodies in early subtype A HIV-1 infection drives an increase in autologous neutralization breadth. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003173. [PMID: 23468623 PMCID: PMC3585129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that neutralize (nAbs) genetically diverse HIV-1 strains have been recovered from a subset of HIV-1 infected subjects during chronic infection. Exact mechanisms that expand the otherwise narrow neutralization capacity observed during early infection are, however, currently undefined. Here we characterized the earliest nAb responses in a subtype A HIV-1 infected Rwandan seroconverter who later developed moderate cross-clade nAb breadth, using (i) envelope (Env) glycoproteins from the transmitted/founder virus and twenty longitudinal nAb escape variants, (ii) longitudinal autologous plasma, and (iii) autologous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Initially, nAbs targeted a single region of gp120, which flanked the V3 domain and involved the alpha2 helix. A single amino acid change at one of three positions in this region conferred early escape. One immunoglobulin heavy chain and two light chains recovered from autologous B cells comprised two mAbs, 19.3H-L1 and 19.3H-L3, which neutralized the founder Env along with one or three of the early escape variants carrying these mutations, respectively. Neither mAb neutralized later nAb escape or heterologous Envs. Crystal structures of the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) revealed flat epitope contact surfaces, where minimal light chain mutation in 19.3H-L3 allowed for additional antigenic interactions. Resistance to mAb neutralization arose in later Envs through alteration of two glycans spatially adjacent to the initial escape signatures. The cross-neutralizing nAbs that ultimately developed failed to target any of the defined V3-proximal changes generated during the first year of infection in this subject. Our data demonstrate that this subject's first recognized nAb epitope elicited strain-specific mAbs, which incrementally acquired autologous breadth, and directed later B cell responses to target distinct portions of Env. This immune re-focusing could have triggered the evolution of cross-clade antibodies and suggests that exposure to a specific sequence of immune escape variants might promote broad humoral responses during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Murphy
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ling Yue
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Saikat Boliar
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anurag Sethi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Katja Pfafferot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan A. Allen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel Cormier
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - S. Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Costin JM, Zaitseva E, Kahle KM, Nicholson CO, Rowe DK, Graham AS, Bazzone LE, Hogancamp G, Figueroa Sierra M, Fong RH, Yang ST, Lin L, Robinson JE, Doranz BJ, Chernomordik LV, Michael SF, Schieffelin JS, Isern S. Mechanistic study of broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus that target the fusion loop. J Virol 2013; 87:52-66. [PMID: 23077306 PMCID: PMC3536401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02273-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no available vaccines for dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Mechanistic studies with anti-dengue virus (DENV) human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) provide a rational approach to identify and characterize neutralizing epitopes on DENV structural proteins that can serve to inform vaccine strategies. Here, we report a class of hMAbs that is likely to be an important determinant in the human humoral response to DENV infection. In this study, we identified and characterized three broadly neutralizing anti-DENV hMAbs: 4.8A, D11C, and 1.6D. These antibodies were isolated from three different convalescent patients with distinct histories of DENV infection yet demonstrated remarkable similarities. All three hMAbs recognized the E glycoprotein with high affinity, neutralized all four serotypes of DENV, and mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in Fc receptor-bearing cells at subneutralizing concentrations. The neutralization activities of these hMAbs correlated with a strong inhibition of virus-liposome and intracellular fusion, not virus-cell binding. We mapped epitopes of these antibodies to the highly conserved fusion loop region of E domain II. Mutations at fusion loop residues W101, L107, and/or G109 significantly reduced the binding of the hMAbs to E protein. The results show that hMAbs directed against the highly conserved E protein fusion loop block viral entry downstream of virus-cell binding by inhibiting E protein-mediated fusion. Characterization of hMAbs targeting this region may provide new insights into DENV vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Costin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Zaitseva
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cindo O. Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Dawne K. Rowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda S. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Bazzone
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Greg Hogancamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rachel H. Fong
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Yang
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Communicable Disease Center, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - James E. Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Leonid V. Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott F. Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
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Murphy MK, Yue L, Pan R, Boliar S, Sethi A, Karita E, Allen SA, Cormier E, Robinson JE, Gnanakaran S, Hunter E, Kong X, Derdeyn CA. Sequential exposure to specific antibody escape mutations may program neutralization breadth during subtype A HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441627 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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46
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Pollara J, Bonsignori M, Moody M, Alam M, Liao H, Hwang K, Pickeral J, Kappes J, Ochsenbauer C, Soderberg K, Gurley TC, Kozink DM, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Montefiori D, Robinson JE, Kaewkungwal J, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kim J, Michael N, Tomaras G, Haynes BF, Ferrari G. Vaccine-induced ADCC-mediating antibodies target unique and overlapping envelope epitopes. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441773 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
In utero exposure of the female foetus to androgens during development disrupts the reproductive axis and results in hypersecretion of luteinising hormone (LH) (but not follicle-stimulating hormone) in postnatal life. Abnormalities in the neural circuits controlling hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone have been documented; however, androgens could also programme abnormalities in the pituitary gland. Ovine foetuses were exposed to either testosterone propionate or the non-aromatisable androgen dihydro-testosterone from days 30-90 of gestation (term 147 days) and the effects on the functional morphology of the pituitary were determined. Exogenous testosterone propionate exposure resulted in pituitary glands in adult male and female sheep that were 40% heavier than controls. Because this effect was not observed in the dihydro-testosterone-exposed animals, these actions are mediated via the oestrogen receptor (ER). No significant differences were apparent in 90- or 140-day foetuses. There was no difference between control and androgen-exposed animals in the density of LHβ or ERα immunoreactive cells in the pituitary although the density of follicle-stimulating hormone-β immunoreactive cells was lower in the testosterone-treated animals. The percentage of cells co-localising LHβ and ERα was lower in the testosterone-treated ewes and this may, in part, explain a reduced ability to respond to steroid feedback. Thus, enlargement of the pituitary gland, coupled with a reduced sensitivity to oestrogen negative-feedback, may contribute to the hyper-secretion of LH observed in animals that have been exposed to excess androgens during foetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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48
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Branco LM, Boisen ML, Andersen KG, Grove JN, Moses LM, Muncy IJ, Henderson LA, Schieffellin JS, Robinson JE, Bangura JJ, Grant DS, Raabe VN, Fonnie BM, Zaitsev EM, Sabeti PC, Garry RF. Erratum to: Lassa hemorrhagic fever in a late term pregnancy from northern Sierra Leone with a positive maternal outcome: case report. Virol J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3218089 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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49
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Lamm CG, Hastie PM, Evans NP, Robinson JE. Masculinization of the distal tubular and external genitalia in female sheep with prenatal androgen exposure. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:546-51. [PMID: 21934102 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811419533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endogenous or exogenous androgens alters the development of the female reproductive tract. Although lesions in ovaries and external genitalia of androgenized female sheep have been reported, lesions of the tubular genitalia have not. Testosterone propionate (TP) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered by intramuscular injection twice weekly to 32 ewes from 30 to 90 days of pregnancy. The ewes lambed normally. The reproductive tracts from 24 treated and 13 control postpubertal female offspring were examined at 10 months of age. The ovaries, oviducts, and uteri were grossly and histologically normal in both TP- and DHT-exposed sheep. However, in the DHT-treated sheep, the uterus connected to a misshapen, saccular vagina that opened into the urethra; in the TP-treated sheep, it ended in a blind sac. In both TP- and DHT-treated sheep, the urethra was approximately 5 times longer than that of control sheep, and it resembled a male urethra with bilateral male accessory genital glands. The urethra terminated in a fully developed penis in both TP- and DHT-treated sheep, and a scrotal sac was present (without testes). These results show that prenatal exposure of female sheep to exogenous androgens results in masculinization of the tubular and external genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Lamm
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G611QH Scotland.
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50
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Tang H, Robinson JE, Gnanakaran S, Li M, Rosenberg ES, Perez LG, Haynes BF, Liao HX, LaBranche CC, Korber BT, Montefiori DC. epitopes immediately below the base of the V3 loop of gp120 as targets for the initial autologous neutralizing antibody response in two HIV-1 subtype B-infected individuals. J Virol 2011; 85:9286-99. [PMID: 21734041 PMCID: PMC3165744 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02286-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epitopes that drive the initial autologous neutralizing antibody response in HIV-1-infected individuals could provide insights for vaccine design. Although highly strain specific, these epitopes are immunogenic, vulnerable to antibody attack on infectious virus, and could be involved in the ontogeny of broadly neutralizing antibody responses. To delineate such epitopes, we used site-directed mutagenesis, autologous plasma samples, and autologous monoclonal antibodies to map the amino acid changes that led to escape from the initial autologous neutralizing antibody response in two HIV-1 subtype B-infected individuals. Additional mapping of the epitopes was accomplished by using alanine scanning mutagenesis. Escape in the two individuals occurred by different pathways, but the responses in both cases appeared to be directed against the same region of gp120. In total, three amino acid positions were identified that were independently associated with autologous neutralization. Positions 295 and 332 are located immediately before and after the N- and C-terminal cysteines of the V3 loop, respectively, the latter of which affected an N-linked glycan that was critical to the neutralization epitope. Position 415 affected an N-linked glycan at position 413 in the C terminus of V4 that might mask epitopes near the base of V3. All three sites lie in close proximity on a four-stranded antiparallel sheet on the outer domain of gp120. We conclude that a region just below the base of the V3 loop, near the coreceptor binding domain of gp120, can be a target for autologous neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - S. Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | | | - Eric S. Rosenberg
- Pathology Service and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Barton F. Haynes
- Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Bette T. Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
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