1
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Tong S, Scott JC, Eyoh E, Werthmann DW, Stone AE, Murrell AE, Sabino-Santos G, Trinh IV, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Velazquez JV, Schieffelin J, Ning B, Hu T, Kolls JK, Landry SJ, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson JE, Gunn BM, Rabito FA, Norton EB. Altered COVID-19 immunity in children with asthma by atopic status. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100236. [PMID: 38590754 PMCID: PMC11000189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a spectrum of clinical outcomes that may be complicated by severe asthma. Antiviral immunity is often compromised in patients with asthma; however, whether this is true for SARS-CoV-2 immunity and children is unknown. Objective We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with asthma on the basis of infection or vaccination history and compared to respiratory syncytial viral or allergen (eg, cockroach, dust mite)-specific immunity. Methods Fifty-three children from an urban asthma study were evaluated for medical history, lung function, and virus- or allergen-specific immunity using antibody or T-cell assays. Results Polyclonal antibody responses to spike were observed in most children from infection and/or vaccination history. Children with atopic asthma or high allergen-specific IgE, particularly to dust mites, exhibited reduced seroconversion, antibody magnitude, and SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. TH1 responses to SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus correlated with antigen-respective IgG. Cockroach-specific T-cell activation as well as IL-17A and IL-21 cytokines negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and effector functions, distinct from total and dust mite IgE. Allergen-specific IgE and lack of vaccination were associated with recent health care utilization. Reduced lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≤ 80%) was independently associated with (SARS-CoV-2) peptide-induced cytokines, including IL-31, whereas poor asthma control was associated with cockroach-specific cytokine responses. Conclusion Mechanisms underpinning atopic and nonatopic asthma may complicate the development of memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and lead to a higher risk of repeated infection in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Tong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jordan C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Enwono Eyoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Derek W. Werthmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jalene V. Velazquez
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Felicia A. Rabito
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
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2
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Harrison MAA, Morris SL, Rudman GA, Rittenhouse DJ, Monk CH, Sakamuri SSVP, Mehedi Hasan M, Shamima Khatun M, Wang H, Garfinkel LP, Norton EB, Kim S, Kolls JK, Michal Jazwinski S, Mostany R, Katakam PVG, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Zwezdaryk KJ. Intermittent cytomegalovirus infection alters neurobiological metabolism and induces cognitive deficits in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:36-50. [PMID: 38182037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk factors contributing to dementia are multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for pathogens as risk factors, but data is largely correlative with few causal relationships. Here, we demonstrate that intermittent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of mice, alters blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and metabolic pathways. Increased basal mitochondrial function is observed in brain microvessels cells (BMV) exposed to intermittent MCMV infection and is accompanied by elevated levels of superoxide. Further, mice score lower in cognitive assays compared to age-matched controls who were never administered MCMV. Our data show that repeated systemic infection with MCMV, increases markers of neuroinflammation, alters mitochondrial function, increases markers of oxidative stress and impacts cognition. Together, this suggests that viral burden may be a risk factor for dementia. These observations provide possible mechanistic insights through which pathogens may contribute to the progression or exacerbation of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A A Harrison
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sara L Morris
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Grace A Rudman
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tulane University School of Liberal Arts, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel J Rittenhouse
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chandler H Monk
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hanyun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lucas P Garfinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sangku Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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3
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Zwezdaryk KJ, Kaur A. Role of immunometabolism during congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Immunometabolism (Cobham) 2023; 5:e00034. [PMID: 38037590 PMCID: PMC10683969 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a master manipulator of host metabolic pathways. The impact of CMV metabolic rewiring during congenital CMV on immune function is unknown. CMV infection can directly alter glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in infected cells. Recent data suggests CMV may alter metabolism in uninfected neighboring cells. In this mini review, we discuss how CMV infection may impact immune function through metabolic pathways. We discuss how immune cells differ between maternal and decidual compartments and how altered immunometabolism may contribute to congenital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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4
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Pungan D, Fan J, Dai G, Khatun MS, Dietrich ML, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson JE, Landry SJ, Kolls JK. Novel Pneumocystis Antigens for Seroprevalence Studies. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:602. [PMID: 37367538 PMCID: PMC10300987 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common cause of fungal pneumonia in children under the age of 2 years. However, the inability to culture and propagate this organism has hampered the acquisition of a fungal genome as well as the development of recombinant antigens to conduct seroprevalence studies. In this study, we performed proteomics on Pneumocystis-infected mice and used the recent P. murina and P. jirovecii genomes to prioritize antigens for recombinant protein expression. We focused on a fungal glucanase due to its conservation among fungal species. We found evidence of maternal IgG to this antigen, followed by a nadir in pediatric samples between 1 and 3 months of age, followed by an increase in prevalence over time consistent with the known epidemiology of Pneumocystis exposure. Moreover, there was a strong concordance of anti-glucanase responses and IgG against another Pneumocystis antigen, PNEG_01454. Taken together, these antigens may be useful tools for Pneumocystis seroprevalence and seroconversion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pungan
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monika L. Dietrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samuel J. Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- John W Deming Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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5
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Monk CH, Youngquist BM, Brady AD, Shaffer JG, Hu TY, Ning B, Zwezdaryk KJ. Development of a CRISPR-Cas12a rapid diagnostic for human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2023; 215:105624. [PMID: 37150408 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in transplant settings and remains the leading cause of viral congenital infections. Clinical diagnosis of CMV infection and/or reactivation under these settings is completed using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). This assay performs well but is hampered by poor sensitivity and a lack of standardization among testing facilities. A point-of-care rapid diagnostic to determine CMV viremia could address these issues and improve patient care. In this manuscript, we introduce clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a technology to design and validate a rapid diagnostic for CMV. This system was tested using CMV spiked human saliva and urine samples. Sensitivity of the assay was ∼10 infectious units (IU)/mL. Specificity of the assay was robust and failed to detect other herpesviruses. Collectively, we have designed and validated a rapid diagnostic for CMV that overcomes limitations of the current standard diagnostic. This assay has the potential to be used as a point-of-care screening tool in transplant and neonatal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler H Monk
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Brady M Youngquist
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alyson D Brady
- Neurosceince Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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6
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Bachman LO, Zwezdaryk KJ. Targeting the Host Mitochondria as a Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Antiviral Strategy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051083. [PMID: 37243170 DOI: 10.3390/v15051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exploits host mitochondrial function to promote viral replication. HCMV gene products have been described to directly interact and alter functional or structural aspects of host mitochondria. Current antivirals against HCMV, such as ganciclovir and letermovir, are designed against viral targets. Concerns with the current antivirals include toxicity and viral resistance. Targeting host mitochondrial function is a promising alternative or complimentary antiviral approach as (1) drugs targeting host mitochondrial function interact with host targets, minimizing viral resistance, and (2) host mitochondrial metabolism plays key roles in HCMV replication. This review describes how HCMV alters mitochondrial function and highlights pharmacological targets that can be exploited for novel antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn O Bachman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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7
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Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Russell AE, Povroznik JM, McDonald KO, Porter KN, Wang DS, Hammock J, Billig BK, Felton CC, Yilmaz A, Schreurs BG, O'Callaghan JD, Zwezdaryk KJ, Simpkins JW. Intermittent systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation and impairs cognition in aging male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:279-291. [PMID: 36549577 PMCID: PMC10019559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline, a common component of the brain aging process, is associated with significant impairment in daily functioning and quality of life among geriatric adults. While the complexity of mechanisms underlying cognitive aging are still being elucidated, microbial exposure and the multifactorial inflammatory cascades associated with systemic infections are emerging as potential drivers of neurological senescence. The negative cognitive and neurobiological consequences of a single pathogen-associated inflammatory experience, such as that modeled through treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are well documented. Yet, the brain aging impacts of repeated, intermittent inflammatory challenges are less well studied. To extend the emerging literature assessing the impact of infection burden on cognitive function among normally aging mice, here, we repeatedly exposed adult mice to intermittent LPS challenges during the aging period. Male 10-month-old C57BL6 mice were systemically administered escalating doses of LPS once every two weeks for 2.5 months. We evaluated cognitive consequences using the non-spatial step-through inhibitory avoidance task, and both spatial working and reference memory versions of the Morris water maze. We also probed several potential mechanisms, including cortical and hippocampal cytokine/chemokine gene expression, as well as hippocampal neuronal function via extracellular field potential recordings. Though there was limited evidence for an ongoing inflammatory state in cortex and hippocampus, we observed impaired learning and memory and a disruption of hippocampal long-term potentiation. These data suggest that a history of intermittent exposure to LPS-induced inflammation is associated with subtle but significantly impaired cognition among normally aging mice. The broader impact of these findings may have important implications for standard of care involving infections in aging individuals or populations at-risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - A E Russell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Biology, School of Science, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA; Magee Women's Research Institute, Allied Member, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J M Povroznik
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K O McDonald
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - K N Porter
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - D S Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J Hammock
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B K Billig
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - C C Felton
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - A Yilmaz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J D O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - J W Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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8
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Ning B, Chandra S, Rosen J, Multala E, Argrave M, Pierson L, Trinh I, Simone B, Escarra MD, Drury S, Zwezdaryk KJ, Norton E, Lyon CJ, Hu T. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Activation with a Rapid On-Chip IGRA. ACS Nano 2023; 17:1206-1216. [PMID: 36595218 PMCID: PMC9878992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) that measure pathogen-specific T-cell response rates can provide a more reliable estimate of protection than specific antibody levels but have limited potential for widespread use due to their workflow, personnel, and instrumentation demands. The major vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated substantial efficacy against all of its current variants, but approaches are needed to determine how these vaccines will perform against future variants, as they arise, to inform vaccine and public health policies. Here we describe a rapid, sensitive, nanolayer polylysine-integrated microfluidic chip IGRA read by a fluorescent microscope that has a 5 h sample-to-answer time and uses ∼25 μL of a fingerstick whole blood sample. Results from this assay correlated with those of a comparable clinical IGRA when used to evaluate the T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in a population of vaccinated and/or infected individuals. Notably, this streamlined and inexpensive assay is suitable for high-throughput analyses in resource-limited settings for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ning
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Sutapa Chandra
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Juniper Rosen
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Evan Multala
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Melvin Argrave
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Lane Pierson
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Ivy Trinh
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Brittany Simone
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Matthew David Escarra
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Stacy Drury
- Department
of Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Tulane
Brain
Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Kevin J. Zwezdaryk
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Elizabeth Norton
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Tony Hu
- Center
for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
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9
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Harrison MA, Hochreiner EM, Benjamin BP, Zwezdaryk KJ. Enhanced Metabolism and Altered Paracrine Signaling in Glioblastoma Following Cytomegalovirus Infection. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Dietrich ML, Norton EB, Elliott D, Smira AR, Raviv O, Sasson DJ, Monk CH, Michael ML, Rogers N, Rouelle JA, Bond NG, Aime-Marcelin K, Prystowsky A, Kemnitz R, Sarma A, Himmelfarb ST, Sharma N, Stone AE, Craver R, Lindrose AR, Smitley LA, Uddo RB, Myers L, Drury SS, Schieffelin JS, Robinson JE, Zwezdaryk KJ. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rates of children seeking medical care in Louisiana during the state stay at home order. J Clin Virol Plus 2021; 1:100047. [PMID: 35262027 PMCID: PMC8590598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic testing of residual blood samples from 812 children from a hospital in New Orleans, LA, between March and May 2020, demonstrated a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 6.8% based on S and N protein IgG; Black and Hispanic children, and children living in zip codes with lower household incomes were over-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Debra Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashley R Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ofek Raviv
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel J Sasson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chandler H Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Madalyn L Michael
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rogers
- Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Julie A Rouelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nell G Bond
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Kemnitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Arunava Sarma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Talia Himmelfarb
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Addison E Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Randall Craver
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Alyssa R Lindrose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, LA USA
| | - Leslie A Smitley
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert B Uddo
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, LA USA
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Ning B, Huang Z, Youngquist BM, Scott JW, Niu A, Bojanowski CM, Zwezdaryk KJ, Saba NS, Fan J, Yin XM, Cao J, Lyon CJ, Li CZ, Roy CJ, Hu TY. Liposome-mediated detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive extracellular vesicles in plasma. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1039-1044. [PMID: 34294909 PMCID: PMC8440422 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA may represent a viable diagnostic alternative to respiratory RNA levels, which rapidly decline after infection. Quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) reference assays exhibit poor performance with plasma, probably reflecting the dilution and degradation of viral RNA released into the circulation, but these issues could be addressed by analysing viral RNA packaged into extracellular vesicles. Here we describe an assay approach in which extracellular vesicles directly captured from plasma are fused with reagent-loaded liposomes to sensitively amplify and detect a SARS-CoV-2 gene target. This approach accurately identified patients with COVID-19, including challenging cases missed by RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2-positive extracellular vesicles were detected at day 1 post-infection, and plateaued from day 6 to the day 28 endpoint in a non-human primate model, while signal durations for 20-60 days were observed in young children. This nanotechnology approach uses a non-infectious sample and extends virus detection windows, offering a tool to support COVID-19 diagnosis in patients without SARS-CoV-2 RNA detectable in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brady M Youngquist
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christine M Bojanowski
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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12
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Huang Z, Ning B, Yang HS, Youngquist BM, Niu A, Lyon CJ, Beddingfield BJ, Fears AC, Monk CH, Murrell AE, Bilton SJ, Linhuber JP, Norton EB, Dietrich ML, Yee J, Lai W, Scott JW, Yin XM, Rappaport J, Robinson JE, Saba NS, Roy CJ, Zwezdaryk KJ, Zhao Z, Hu TY. Sensitive tracking of circulating viral RNA through all stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146031. [PMID: 33561010 DOI: 10.1172/jci146031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDCirculating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA may represent a more reliable indicator of infection than nasal RNA, but quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) lacks diagnostic sensitivity for blood samples.METHODSA CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR assay that sensitively detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA was employed to analyze viral RNA kinetics in longitudinal plasma samples from nonhuman primates (NHPs) after virus exposure; to evaluate the utility of blood SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis in adults cases confirmed by nasal/nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR results; and to identify suspected COVID-19 cases in pediatric and at-risk adult populations with negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results. All blood samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR to allow direct comparisons.RESULTSCRISPR-augmented RT-PCR consistently detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the plasma of experimentally infected NHPs from 1 to 28 days after infection, and these increases preceded and correlated with rectal swab viral RNA increases. In a patient cohort (n = 159), this blood-based assay demonstrated 91.2% diagnostic sensitivity and 99.2% diagnostic specificity versus a comparator RT-qPCR nasal/nasopharyngeal test, whereas RT-qPCR exhibited 44.1% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity for the same blood samples. This CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR assay also accurately identified patients with COVID-19 using one or more negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results.CONCLUSIONResults of this study indicate that sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood by CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR permits accurate COVID-19 diagnosis, and can detect COVID-19 cases with transient or negative nasal swab RT-qPCR results, suggesting that this approach could improve COVID-19 diagnosis and the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infection clearance, and predict the severity of infection.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04358211.FUNDINGDepartment of Defense, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Center for Research Resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brady M Youngquist
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brandon J Beddingfield
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alyssa C Fears
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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13
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Baudier RL, Zwezdaryk KJ, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Kodroff LH, Sullivan DE, Norton EB. Unique Transcriptome Changes in Peripheral B Cells Revealed by Comparing Age Groups From Naive or Vaccinated Mice, Including snoRNA and Cdkn2a. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2326-2332. [PMID: 32609344 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function that is not fully understood including vaccine failure. Here we report transcriptomic analysis on B cells from naive or influenza-vaccinated mice of 3 ages: young (15-23 weeks), middle-aged (63-81 weeks), and old mice (103-119 weeks). Our goal was expression profiling of B cells by age and history of vaccination to identify novel changes at the transcriptome level. We observed waning vaccine responses with age. In B cell transcripts, age and vaccination history were both important with notable differences observed in conducted analyses (eg, principal component, gene set enrichment, differentially expressed [DE] genes, and canonical pathways). Only 39 genes were significantly DE with age irrespective of vaccine history. This included age-related changes to box C/D small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, Snord123 and Snord1a. Box C/D snoRNAs regulate rRNAs through methylation and are linked to neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cancer diseases but not specifically B cells or age. Canonical pathway changes implicated with age irrespective of vaccination history included EIF2, mTOR signaling, p53, Paxillin, and Tec kinase signaling pathways as well as cell cycle checkpoint. Importantly, we identified DE genes and pathways that were progressively altered starting in middle-age (eg, signaling by Rho family GTPases) or only altered in middle-age (eg, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling), despite minimal differences in the ability of these mice to respond to vaccination compared to younger mice. Our results indicate the importance of vaccination or immune stimulation and analyses of multiple age ranges for aging B cell studies and validate an experimental model for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Baudier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Lauren H Kodroff
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Deborah E Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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14
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Pal P, Ibrahim M, Niu A, Zwezdaryk KJ, Tatje E, Robinson WR, Ko L, Satyavarapu I, Jones WE, Nachabe A, Luk A, Mushatt DM, Halvorson K, Denson JL, Smith CC, Simeone F, Davis G, Gill SK, McDougal A, Vigh AS, Peterson TG, Ning B, Hu T, Socola F, Robinson J, Safah H, Saba NS. Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in severe pulmonary disease: A report of 17 patients. Transfus Med 2020; 31:217-220. [PMID: 33073895 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pal
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Moayed Ibrahim
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elise Tatje
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - William R Robinson
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leta Ko
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ishwarya Satyavarapu
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wallace E Jones
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adeem Nachabe
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alfred Luk
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David M Mushatt
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karin Halvorson
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joshua L Denson
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles C Smith
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Touro LCMC Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francesco Simeone
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaynelle Davis
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sukhmani K Gill
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - April McDougal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aniko S Vigh
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tim G Peterson
- Section of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francisco Socola
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - James Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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15
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Metabolic rewiring of the host cell is required for optimal viral replication. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been observed to manipulate numerous mitochondrial functions. In this review, we describe the strategies and targets HCMV uses to control different aspects of mitochondrial function. Recent Findings The mitochondria are instrumental in meeting the biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs of HCMV replication. This is achieved through altered metabolism and signaling pathways. Morphological changes mediated through biogenesis and fission/fusion dynamics contribute to strategies to avoid cell death, overcome oxidative stress, and maximize the biosynthetic and bioenergetic outputs of mitochondria. Summary Emerging data suggests that cytomegalovirus relies on intact, functional host mitochondria for optimal replication. HCMV large size and slow replication kinetics create a dependency on mitochondria during replication. Targeting the host mitochondria is an attractive antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler H Monk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave #8638, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave #8638, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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16
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Niu A, McDougal A, Ning B, Safa F, Luk A, Mushatt DM, Nachabe A, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson J, Peterson T, Socola F, Safah H, Hu T, Saba NS. COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:2354-2356. [PMID: 32541689 PMCID: PMC7294520 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - April McDougal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Firas Safa
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alfred Luk
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David M Mushatt
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Adeem Nachabe
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tim Peterson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francisco Socola
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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17
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Zwezdaryk KJ, Combs JA, Morris CA, Sullivan DE. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by herpesviruses. World J Virol 2016; 5:144-154. [PMID: 27878101 PMCID: PMC5105047 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i4.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is instrumental in successful differentiation and proliferation of mammalian cells. It is therefore not surprising that the herpesvirus family has developed mechanisms to interact with and manipulate this pathway. Successful coexistence with the host requires that herpesviruses establish a lifelong infection that includes periods of latency and reactivation or persistence. Many herpesviruses establish latency in progenitor cells and viral reactivation is linked to host-cell proliferation and differentiation status. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin is tightly connected to stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Numerous studies have linked Wnt/β-catenin signaling to a variety of cancers, emphasizing the importance of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. This review details how the alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses interact and manipulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote a virus-centric agenda.
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18
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Baudier RL, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Eastwood JR, Zwezdaryk KJ, Norton EB. Transcriptomic analyses reveal senescent and SnoRNA changes in B cells with age irrespective of vaccine-stimulation in mice. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.198.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function that is not fully understood. Transcriptomic analysis is a powerful tool to evaluate age-related changes, but has not yet been reported for B-cells. To address this, we performed RNA-seq analyses on purified B-cells from naïve or vaccinated BALB/c mice of varying ages with the goal of expression profiling by age as opposed to any ongoing immunostimulation. Mouse age groups were Y (young, 15–20 wks), MA (middle-aged, 68–81 wks), and O (older, 103–111 wks) ± intramuscular Flulaval injection (n=5). Sequencing was performed using Ion Torrent/Ion Proton System. PCR and phenotype analyses were performed to validate selected results. In naïve groups, 230 genes were significantly differentially expressed by MA and O compared to Y. Nine of these were also significant comparing MA and O to Y in vaccinated groups. These included protein-coding genes: senescence-associated Cdkn2a; NFκB-mediator Edaradd; Klk4, a kallikrein implicated in cancer; and 4921504E06Rik, a gene region linked to inflammatory disease. Non-coding genes included: pseudogenes Gm2619 and RP24-374C7.3; antisense Gm16028; and box C/D small nuclear (sno) RNAs, Snord123 and Snord1a. The latter genes were particularly interesting as box C/D snoRNAs regulate rRNAs through methylation, and changes in their expression levels occur with neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Altered DNA methylation or epigenetic drift is implicated in both healthy aging and age-related dysfunction but exact mechanisms are unclear. Our results suggest that Snord123 and Snord1a play a previously unappreciated role as regulators of altered methylation patterns contributing to age-related immune decline in B-cells.
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Warner JA, Zwezdaryk KJ, Day B, Sullivan DE, Pridjian G, Morris CA. Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits CXCL12- mediated migration and invasion of human extravillous cytotrophoblasts. Virol J 2012; 9:255. [PMID: 23116176 PMCID: PMC3545970 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the first trimester of pregnancy, a series of tightly regulated interactions govern the formation of a highly invasive population of fetal-derived extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT). Successful pregnancy is dependent on efficient invasion of the uterine wall and maternal spiral arteries by EVT. Dysregulated trophoblast invasion is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, birth defects, spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia. A number of soluble growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines modulate this process, fine-tuning the temporal and spatial aspects of cytotrophoblast invasion. In particular, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has been shown to specifically modulate cytotrophoblast differentiation, invasion, and survival throughout early pregnancy. Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with impaired differentiation of cytotrophoblasts down the invasive pathway, specifically dysregulating the response to mitogens including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In this study, the effect of HCMV infection on the CXCL12-mediated migration and invasion of the EVT cell line SGHPL-4 was investigated. Results Infection with HCMV significantly decreased secretion of CXCL12 by SGHPL-4 cells, and induced a striking perinuclear accumulation of the chemokine. HCMV infection significantly increased mRNA and total cell surface expression of the two known receptors for CXCL12: CXCR4 and CXCR7. Functionally, HCMV-infected SGHPL-4 cells were unable to migrate or invade in response to a gradient of soluble CXCL12 in transwell assays. Conclusions Collectively, these studies demonstrate that HCMV impairs EVT migration and invasion induced by CXCL12. As HCMV has the ability to inhibit EVT migration and invasion through dysregulation of other relevant signaling pathways, it is likely that the virus affects multiple signaling pathways to impair placentation and contribute to some of the placental defects seen in HCMV-positive pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Warner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Zwezdaryk KJ, Warner JA, Machado HL, Morris CA, Höner zu Bentrup K. Rotating cell culture systems for human cell culture: human trophoblast cells as a model. J Vis Exp 2012:3367. [PMID: 22297395 DOI: 10.3791/3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of human trophoblast research aids in understanding the complex environment established during placentation. Due to the nature of these studies, human in vivo experimentation is impossible. A combination of primary cultures, explant cultures and trophoblast cell lines support our understanding of invasion of the uterine wall and remodeling of uterine spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs), which is required for successful establishment of pregnancy. Despite the wealth of knowledge gleaned from such models, it is accepted that in vitro cell culture models using EVT-like cell lines display altered cellular properties when compared to their in vivo counterparts. Cells cultured in the rotating cell culture system (RCCS) display morphological, phenotypic, and functional properties of EVT-like cell lines that more closely mimic differentiating in utero EVTs, with increased expression of genes mediating invasion (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) and trophoblast differentiation. The Saint Georges Hospital Placental cell Line-4 (SGHPL-4) (kindly donated by Dr. Guy Whitley and Dr. Judith Cartwright) is an EVT-like cell line that was used for testing in the RCCS. The design of the RCCS culture vessel is based on the principle that organs and tissues function in a three-dimensional (3-D) environment. Due to the dynamic culture conditions in the vessel, including conditions of physiologically relevant shear, cells grown in three dimensions form aggregates based on natural cellular affinities and differentiate into organotypic tissue-like assemblies. The maintenance of a fluid orbit provides a low-shear, low-turbulence environment similar to conditions found in vivo. Sedimentation of the cultured cells is countered by adjusting the rotation speed of the RCCS to ensure a constant free-fall of cells. Gas exchange occurs through a permeable hydrophobic membrane located on the back of the bioreactor. Like their parental tissue in vivo, RCCS-grown cells are able to respond to chemical and molecular gradients in three dimensions (i.e. at their apical, basal, and lateral surfaces) because they are cultured on the surface of porous microcarrier beads. When grown as two-dimensional monolayers on impermeable surfaces like plastic, cells are deprived of this important communication at their basal surface. Consequently, the spatial constraints imposed by the environment profoundly affect how cells sense and decode signals from the surrounding microenvironment, thus implying an important role for the 3-D milieu. We have used the RCCS to engineer biologically meaningful 3-D models of various human epithelial tissues. Indeed, many previous reports have demonstrated that cells cultured in the RCCS can assume physiologically relevant phenotypes that have not been possible with other models. In summary, culture in the RCCS represents an easy, reproducible, high-throughput platform that provides large numbers of differentiated cells that are amenable to a variety of experimental manipulations. In the following protocol, using EVTs as an example, we clearly describe the steps required to three-dimensionally culture adherent cells in the RCCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical School, USA
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Coffelt SB, Tomchuck SL, Zwezdaryk KJ, Danka ES, Scandurro AB. Leucine leucine-37 uses formyl peptide receptor-like 1 to activate signal transduction pathways, stimulate oncogenic gene expression, and enhance the invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:907-15. [PMID: 19491199 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the antimicrobial peptide, leucine leucine-37 (LL-37), could play a role in the progression of solid tumors. LL-37 is expressed as the COOH terminus of human cationic antimicrobial protein-18 (hCAP-18) in ovarian, breast, and lung cancers. Previous studies have shown that the addition of LL-37 to various cancer cell lines in vitro stimulates proliferation, migration, and invasion. Similarly, overexpression of hCAP-18/LL-37 in vivo accelerates tumor growth. However, the receptor or receptors through which these processes are mediated have not been thoroughly examined. In the present study, expression of formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) was confirmed on ovarian cancer cells. Proliferation assays indicated that LL-37 does not signal through a G protein-coupled receptor, such as FPRL1, to promote cancer cell growth. By contrast, FPRL1 was required for LL-37-induced invasion through Matrigel. The peptide stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling cascades and led to the significant activation of several transcription factors, through both FPRL1-dependent and FPRL1-independent pathways. Likewise, expression of some LL-37-stimulated genes was attenuated by the inhibition of FPRL1. Increased expression of CXCL10, EGF, and PDGF-BB as well as other soluble factors was confirmed from conditioned medium of LL-37-treated cells. Taken together, these data suggest that LL-37 potentiates a more aggressive behavior from ovarian cancer cells through its interaction with FPRL1.
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Coffelt SB, Waterman RS, Florez L, Höner zu Bentrup K, Zwezdaryk KJ, Tomchuck SL, LaMarca HL, Danka ES, Morris CA, Scandurro AB. Ovarian cancers overexpress the antimicrobial protein hCAP-18 and its derivative LL-37 increases ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:1030-9. [PMID: 17960624 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of the pro-inflammatory peptide, LL-37, and its pro-form, human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP-18), in cancer development and progression is poorly understood. In damaged and inflamed tissue, LL-37 functions as a chemoattractant, mitogen and pro-angiogenic factor suggesting that the peptide may potentiate tumor progression. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of hCAP-18/LL-37 in normal and cancerous ovarian tissue and to examine the effects of LL-37 on ovarian cancer cells. Expression of hCAP-18/LL-37 was localized to immune and granulosa cells of normal ovarian tissue. By contrast, ovarian tumors displayed significantly higher levels of hCAP-18/LL-37 where expression was observed in tumor and stromal cells. Protein expression was statistically compared to the degree of immune cell infiltration and microvessel density in epithelial-derived ovarian tumors and a significant correlation was observed for both. It was demonstrated that ovarian tumor tissue lysates and ovarian cancer cell lines express hCAP-18/LL-37. Treatment of ovarian cancer cell lines with recombinant LL-37 stimulated proliferation, chemotaxis, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. These data demonstrate for the first time that hCAP-18/LL-37 is significantly overexpressed in ovarian tumors and suggest LL-37 may contribute to ovarian tumorigenesis through direct stimulation of tumor cells, initiation of angiogenesis and recruitment of immune cells. These data provide further evidence of the existing relationship between pro-inflammatory molecules and ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth B Coffelt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Tomchuck SL, Zwezdaryk KJ, Coffelt SB, Waterman RS, Danka ES, Scandurro AB. Toll-like receptors on human mesenchymal stem cells drive their migration and immunomodulating responses. Stem Cells 2007; 26:99-107. [PMID: 17916800 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are under study as therapeutic delivery agents that assist in the repair of damaged tissues. To achieve the desired clinical outcomes for this strategy requires a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive the recruitment, migration, and engraftment of hMSCs to the targeted tissues. It is known that hMSCs are recruited to sites of stress or inflammation to fulfill their repair function. It is recognized that toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate stress responses of other bone marrow-derived cells. This study explored the role of TLRs in mediating stress responses of hMSCs. Accordingly, the presence of TLRs in hMSCs was initially established by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Flow cytometry and fluorescence immunocytochemical analyses confirmed these findings. The stimulation of hMSCs with TLR agonists led to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappaB, AKT, and MAPK. Consequently, activation of these pathways triggered the induction and secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and related TLR gene products as established from cDNA array, immunoassay, and cytokine antibody array analyses. Interestingly, the unique patterns of affected genes, cytokines, and chemokines measured identify these receptors as critical players in the clinically established immunomodulation observed for hMSCs. Lastly, hMSC migration was promoted by TLR ligand exposure as demonstrated by transwell migration assays. Conversely, disruption of TLRs by neutralizing TLR antibodies compromised hMSC migration. This study defines a novel TLR-driven stress and immune modulating response for hMSCs that is critical to consider in the design of stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Tomchuck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Zwezdaryk KJ, Coffelt SB, Figueroa YG, Liu J, Phinney DG, LaMarca HL, Florez L, Morris CB, Hoyle GW, Scandurro AB. Erythropoietin, a hypoxia-regulated factor, elicits a pro-angiogenic program in human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:640-52. [PMID: 17379074 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of erythropoietin (EPO) to elicit a pro-angiogenic effect on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) was tested. hMSC are currently under study as therapeutic delivery agents that target tumor vessels. Hypoxia favors the differentiation of hMSC towards a pro-angiogenic program. However, the classical angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, are not fully capable of restoring this effect. The hypoxia-regulated factor, EPO, induces angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Here, EPO's pro-angiogenic effect on hMSC was analyzed. METHODS hMSC were tested for EPO receptor expression by western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. Downstream receptor signaling components JAK and STAT were measured by standard assays. Pro-angiogenesis effects mediated by EPO treatment of hMSC were measured by proliferation, cytokine, or pro-angiogenesis factor secretion, metalloprotease activation, migration, invasion, wound healing, and tubule formation assays. RESULTS hMSC express the cognate EPO receptor and are capable of promoting angiogenesis following EPO treatment in all the angiogenesis assays tested. EPO-treated hMSC proliferate and secrete pro-angiogenesis factors more readily than untreated hMSC. EPO leads to increased hMSC chemotaxis, migration, and activation of matrix metalloprotease-2. This treatment causes greater recruitment of vessels as measured in an in vivo angiogenesis assay. CONCLUSION EPO is capable of eliciting a pro-angiogenesis program in hMSC that instigates secretion of angiogenic factors and the subsequent recruitment of endothelium. This study defines a novel mechanism for tumor cell recruitment of blood vessels that is important to consider in the design of stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Abboud ER, Coffelt SB, Figueroa YG, Zwezdaryk KJ, Nelson AB, Sullivan DE, Morris CB, Tang Y, Beckman BS, Scandurro AB. Integrin-linked kinase: a hypoxia-induced anti-apoptotic factor exploited by cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2007; 30:113-22. [PMID: 17143519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on cDNA microarray results, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) emerged as an interesting candidate in hypoxia-mediated survival mechanisms employed by cancer cells. This notion was confirmed here by the following observations: the 5' promoter region of the ilk gene contains hypoxia responsive elements (HRE) that bind hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor complexes and drive HRE-luciferase gene expression in reporter assays; ILK protein and kinase activity are induced following hypoxia; downstream targets of ILK signaling are induced following hypoxia treatment; inhibition of ILK leads to increased apoptosis; and HIF and ILK are co-localized within human cancer tissues. The identification of ILK as a player in hypoxia survival signaling employed by cancer cells further validates ILK as a unique target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Abboud
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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