1
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Rouphael NG, Branche AR, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Kamidani S, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Atmar RL, Posavad CM, Netzl A, Smith DJ, Telu K, Mu J, McQuarrie LJ, Makowski M, Makhene MK, Crandon S, Montefiori DC, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. Immunogenicity of a 2-Dose Regimen of Moderna mRNA Beta/Omicron BA.1 Bivalent Variant Vaccine Boost in a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1662-1666. [PMID: 37561027 PMCID: PMC11032204 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the serologic responses of 1 dose versus 2 doses of a variant vaccine (Moderna mRNA-1273 Beta/Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine) in adults. A 2-dose boosting regimen with a variant vaccine did not increase the magnitude or the durability of the serological responses compared to a single variant vaccine boost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela R Branche
- Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit, University of Rochester, New York
| | - David J Diemert
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit, University of Rochester, New York
| | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University, Missouri
| | - Jennifer A Whitaker
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan J Little
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Satoshi Kamidani
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard M Novak
- Project WISH, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tara M Babu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Angelica C Kottkamp
- Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit, Manhattan Research Clinic, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lilly C Immergluck
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Martín Bäcker
- Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit, Long Island Research Clinic, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Patricia L Winokur
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Siham M Mahgoub
- Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine M Posavad
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRC) Laboratory Operations Unit, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jinjian Mu
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mamodikoe K Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonja Crandon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John H Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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2
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Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Anderson EJ, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Malkin E, Bethony JM, Walsh EE, Graciaa DS, Samaha H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Abate G, Oikonomopoulou Z, El Sahly HM, Martin TCS, Kamidani S, Smith MJ, Ladner BG, Porterfield L, Dunstan M, Wald A, Davis T, Atmar RL, Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Posavad CM, Meagher MA, Stephens DS, Neuzil KM, Abebe K, Hill H, Albert J, Telu K, Mu J, Lewis TC, Giebeig LA, Eaton A, Netzl A, Wilks SH, Türeli S, Makhene M, Crandon S, Montefiori DC, Makowski M, Smith DJ, Nayak SU, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:2334-2346. [PMID: 37640860 PMCID: PMC10504073 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed safety and immunogenicity of a second boost with monovalent or bivalent variant vaccines from mRNA and protein-based platforms targeting wild-type, Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 spike antigens. The primary outcome was pseudovirus neutralization titers at 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50 titers) with 95% confidence intervals against different SARS-CoV-2 strains. The secondary outcome assessed safety by solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs), unsolicited AEs, serious AEs and AEs of special interest. Boosting with prototype/wild-type vaccines produced numerically lower ID50 titers than any variant-containing vaccine against all variants. Conversely, boosting with a variant vaccine excluding prototype was not associated with decreased neutralization against D614G. Omicron BA.1 or Beta monovalent vaccines were nearly equivalent to Omicron BA.1 + prototype or Beta + prototype bivalent vaccines for neutralization of Beta, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.4/5, although they were lower for contemporaneous Omicron subvariants. Safety was similar across arms and stages and comparable to previous reports. Our study shows that updated vaccines targeting Beta or Omicron BA.1 provide broadly crossprotective neutralizing antibody responses against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants without sacrificing immunity to the ancestral strain. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05289037 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Branche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - David J Diemert
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington D.C., WA, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Whitaker
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan J Little
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard M Novak
- Project WISH, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Rupp
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tara M Babu
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angelica C Kottkamp
- NYU VTEU Manhattan Research Clinic, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lilly C Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, and Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martín Bäcker
- NYU VTEU Long Island Research Clinic, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | | | - Siham M Mahgoub
- Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington D.C., WA, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elissa Malkin
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington D.C., WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bethony
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington D.C., WA, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Hady Samaha
- Hope Clinic, Emory University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Walsh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Getahun Abate
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Hana M El Sahly
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas C S Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kamidani
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Smith
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Maya Dunstan
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamia Davis
- NYU VTEU Manhattan Research Clinic, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU VTEU Manhattan Research Clinic, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Posavad
- IDCRC Laboratory Operations Unit, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan A Meagher
- IDCRC Laboratory Operations Unit, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Stephens
- Department of Medicine and Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Heather Hill
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jim Albert
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Jinjian Mu
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Teri C Lewis
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Giebeig
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mamodikoe Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja Crandon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seema U Nayak
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John H Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Losada C, Baden LR, Anderson EJ, Luetkemeyer AF, Diemert DJ, Winokur PL, Presti RM, Kottkamp AC, Falsey AR, Frey SE, Rupp R, Bäcker M, Novak RM, Walter EB, Jackson LA, Little SJ, Immergluck LC, Mahgoub SM, Whitaker JA, Babu TM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Atmar RL, Posavad CM, Netzl A, Smith DJ, Telu K, Mu J, Makowski M, Makhene MK, Crandon S, Montefiori DC, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. Immunogenicity of the BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Bivalent Boosts: Preliminary Results From the COVAIL Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:560-564. [PMID: 37036397 PMCID: PMC10443997 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In a randomized clinical trial, we compare early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wild-type spike. Responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants for both bivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Branche
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester VTEU, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Emory University Hope Clinic, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecilia Losada
- Department of Medicine, Emory University Hope Clinic, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David J Diemert
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Patricia L Winokur
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angelica C Kottkamp
- Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (VTEU) Manhattan Research Clinic at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester VTEU, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Saint Louis University, Center for Vaccine Development, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Martín Bäcker
- Department of Medicine, NYU VTEU Long Island Research Clinic at NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Richard M Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago-Project WISH, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan J Little
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lilly C Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Siham M Mahgoub
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Whitaker
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tara M Babu
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine M Posavad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kalyani Telu
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinjian Mu
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mat Makowski
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mamodikoe K Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonja Crandon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Rouphael NG, Branche AR, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Kamidani S, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Atmar RL, Posavad CM, Netzl A, Smith DJ, Telu K, Mu J, Makowski M, Makhene MK, Crandon S, Montefiori DC, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. Immunogenicity of a Two Dose Regimen of Moderna mRNA Beta/Omicron BA.1 Bivalent Variant Vaccine Boost in a Randomized Clinical Trial. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.06.23290973. [PMID: 37333252 PMCID: PMC10275009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.23290973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this brief report, we compare the magnitude and durability of the serologic response of one versus two doses (separated by 56 days) of a variant vaccine (Moderna mRNA-1273 Beta/Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine) in adults.
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5
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Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Losada C, Baden LR, Anderson EJ, Luetkemeyer AF, Diemert DJ, Winokur PL, Presti RM, Kottkamp AC, Falsey AR, Frey SE, Rupp R, Bäcker M, Novak RM, Walter EB, Jackson LA, Little SJ, Immergluck LC, Mahgoub SM, Whitaker JA, Babu TM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Atmar RL, Posavad CM, Netzl A, Smith DJ, Telu K, Mu J, Makowski M, Makhene MK, Sonja C, Montefiori DC, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. Immunogenicity of the BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 Bivalent Boosts: Preliminary Results from the COVAIL Randomized Clinical Trial. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.23285306. [PMID: 37034641 PMCID: PMC10081431 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.23285306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In a randomized clinical trial, we compare early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wildtype spike. Responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants for both bivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David J Diemert
- George Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington University, Washington D.C
| | | | | | - Angelica C Kottkamp
- NYU VTEU Manhattan Research Clinic at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Sharon E Frey
- Saint Louis University, Center for Vaccine Development, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard Rupp
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Martín Bäcker
- NYU VTEU Long Island Research Clinic at NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | | | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan J Little
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Siham M Mahgoub
- Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington D.C
| | - Jennifer A Whitaker
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tara M Babu
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Robert L Atmar
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christine M Posavad
- IDCRC Laboratory Operations Unit - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek J Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mamodikoe K Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Crandon Sonja
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John H Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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6
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Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Anderson EJ, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Malkin E, Bethony JM, Walsh EE, Graciaa DS, Samaha H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Abate G, Oikonomopoulou Z, El Sahly HM, Martin TCS, Rostad CA, Smith MJ, Ladner BG, Porterfield L, Dunstan M, Wald A, Davis T, Atmar RL, Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Posavad CM, Meagher MA, Stephens DS, Neuzil KM, Abebe K, Hill H, Albert J, Lewis TC, Giebeig LA, Eaton A, Netzl A, Wilks SH, Türeli S, Makhene M, Crandon S, Lee M, Nayak SU, Montefiori DC, Makowski M, Smith DJ, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Vaccine Boosters Trial: Preliminary Analyses. medRxiv 2022:2022.07.12.22277336. [PMID: 35898343 PMCID: PMC9327623 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.12.22277336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Protection from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines wanes over time and is compounded by emerging variants including Omicron subvariants. This study evaluated safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines. Methods This phase 2 open-label, randomized trial enrolled healthy adults previously vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 primary series and a single boost. Eligible participants were randomized to one of six Moderna COVID19 mRNA vaccine arms (50µg dose): Prototype (mRNA-1273), Omicron BA.1+Beta (1 or 2 doses), Omicron BA.1+Delta, Omicron BA.1 monovalent, and Omicron BA.1+Prototype. Neutralization antibody titers (ID 50 ) were assessed for D614G, Delta, Beta and Omicron BA.1 variants and Omicron BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 subvariants 15 days after vaccination. Results From March 30 to May 6, 2022, 597 participants were randomized and vaccinated. Median age was 53 years, and 20% had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. All vaccines were safe and well-tolerated. Day 15 geometric mean titers (GMT) against D614G were similar across arms and ages, and higher with prior infection. For uninfected participants, Day 15 Omicron BA.1 GMTs were similar across Omicron-containing vaccine arms (3724-4561) and higher than Prototype (1,997 [95%CI:1,482-2,692]). The Omicron BA.1 monovalent and Omicron BA.1+Prototype vaccines induced a geometric mean ratio (GMR) to Prototype for Omicron BA.1 of 2.03 (97.5%CI:1.37-3.00) and 1.56 (97.5%CI:1.06-2.31), respectively. A subset of samples from uninfected participants in four arms were also tested in a different laboratory at Day 15 for neutralizing antibody titers to D614G and Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2.12.2 and BA.4/BA.5. Omicron BA.4/BA.5 GMTs were approximately one third BA.1 GMTs (Prototype 517 [95%CI:324-826] vs. 1503 [95%CI:949-2381]; Omicron BA.1+Beta 628 [95%CI:367-1,074] vs. 2125 [95%CI:1139-3965]; Omicron BA.1+Delta 765 [95%CI:443-1,322] vs. 2242 [95%CI:1218-4128] and Omicron BA.1+Prototype 635 [95%CI:447-903] vs. 1972 [95%CI:1337-2907). Conclusions Higher Omicron BA.1 titers were observed with Omicron-containing vaccines compared to Prototype vaccine and titers against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 were lower than against BA.1 for all candidate vaccines. Clinicaltrialsgov NCT05289037.
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7
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Borlotti A, Thomaides-Brears H, Georgiopoulos G, Banerjee R, Robson MD, Fusco DN, Masci PG. The Additive Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854750. [PMID: 35463767 PMCID: PMC9021393 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In COVID-19 the development of severe viral pneumonia that is coupled with systemic inflammatory response triggers multi-organ failure and is of major concern. Cardiac involvement occurs in nearly 60% of patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and heralds worse clinical outcome. Diagnoses carried out in the acute phase of COVID-19 rely upon increased levels of circulating cardiac injury biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiography. These diagnostics, however, were unable to pinpoint the mechanisms of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. Identifying the main features of cardiac injury remains an urgent yet unmet need in cardiology, given the potential clinical consequences. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides an unparalleled opportunity to gain a deeper insight into myocardial injury given its unique ability to interrogate the properties of myocardial tissue. This endeavor is particularly important in convalescent COVID-19 patients as many continue to experience chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea and exertional fatigue, six or more months after the acute illness. This review will provide a critical appraisal of research on cardiovascular damage in convalescent adult COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on the use of CMR and its value to our understanding of organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borlotti
- Perspectum Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Borlotti,
| | | | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Pier-Giorgio Masci
- Perspectum Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Borrega R, Nelson DKS, Koval AP, Bond NG, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Lathigra R, Bush DJ, Aimukanova I, Phinney WN, Koval SA, Hoffmann AR, Smither AR, Bell-Kareem AR, Melnik LI, Genemaras KJ, Chao K, Snarski P, Melton AB, Harrell JE, Smira AA, Elliott DH, Rouelle JA, Sabino-Santos G, Drouin AC, Momoh M, Sandi JD, Goba A, Samuels RJ, Kanneh L, Gbakie M, Branco ZL, Shaffer JG, Schieffelin JS, Robinson JE, Fusco DN, Sabeti PC, Andersen KG, Grant DS, Boisen ML, Branco LM, Garry RF. Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans. Viruses 2021; 13:2325. [PMID: 34835131 PMCID: PMC8625389 DOI: 10.3390/v13112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Borrega
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Diana K. S. Nelson
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Anatoliy P. Koval
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Nell G. Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Megan L. Heinrich
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Megan M. Rowland
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Raju Lathigra
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Duane J. Bush
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Irina Aimukanova
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Whitney N. Phinney
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Sophia A. Koval
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Andrew R. Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Allison R. Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Lilia I. Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Kaylynn J. Genemaras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Karissa Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alexandra B. Melton
- Department of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Jaikin E. Harrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Ashley A. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Julie A. Rouelle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Centre for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaud C. Drouin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Eastern Polytechnic Institute, Kenema, Sierra Leone;
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - John Demby Sandi
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Robert J. Samuels
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Gbakie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Zoe L. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Jeffrey G. Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.A.S.); (D.H.E.); (J.A.R.); (J.S.S.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.C.D.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristian G. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donald S. Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; (J.D.S.); (A.G.); (R.J.S.); (L.K.); (M.G.)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Matthew L. Boisen
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
| | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (R.B.); (A.P.K.); (M.L.H.); (M.M.R.); (R.L.); (S.A.K.); (Z.L.B.)
- Zalgen Labs, LCC, Broomfield, CO 80045, USA; (D.K.S.N.); (D.J.B.); (I.A.); (W.N.P.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.G.B.); (A.R.H.); (A.R.S.); (A.R.B.-K.); (L.I.M.); (K.J.G.); (K.C.); (J.E.H.)
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9
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Zeller M, Gangavarapu K, Anderson C, Smither AR, Vanchiere JA, Rose R, Snyder DJ, Dudas G, Watts A, Matteson NL, Robles-Sikisaka R, Marshall M, Feehan AK, Sabino-Santos G, Bell-Kareem AR, Hughes LD, Alkuzweny M, Snarski P, Garcia-Diaz J, Scott RS, Melnik LI, Klitting R, McGraw M, Belda-Ferre P, DeHoff P, Sathe S, Marotz C, Grubaugh ND, Nolan DJ, Drouin AC, Genemaras KJ, Chao K, Topol S, Spencer E, Nicholson L, Aigner S, Yeo GW, Farnaes L, Hobbs CA, Laurent LC, Knight R, Hodcroft EB, Khan K, Fusco DN, Cooper VS, Lemey P, Gardner L, Lamers SL, Kamil JP, Garry RF, Suchard MA, Andersen KG. Emergence of an early SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the United States. Cell 2021; 184:4939-4952.e15. [PMID: 34508652 PMCID: PMC8313480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States (U.S.) went largely undetected due to inadequate testing. New Orleans experienced one of the earliest and fastest accelerating outbreaks, coinciding with Mardi Gras. To gain insight into the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S. and how large-scale events accelerate transmission, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Louisiana. We show that SARS-CoV-2 in Louisiana had limited diversity compared to other U.S. states and that one introduction of SARS-CoV-2 led to almost all of the early transmission in Louisiana. By analyzing mobility and genomic data, we show that SARS-CoV-2 was already present in New Orleans before Mardi Gras, and the festival dramatically accelerated transmission. Our study provides an understanding of how superspreading during large-scale events played a key role during the early outbreak in the U.S. and can greatly accelerate epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Allison R Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - John A Vanchiere
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gytis Dudas
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Watts
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Bluedot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maximilian Marshall
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy K Feehan
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Centre for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049900, Brazil
| | - Antoinette R Bell-Kareem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Laura D Hughes
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manar Alkuzweny
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Rona S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Lilia I Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Raphaëlle Klitting
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle McGraw
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter DeHoff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Clarisse Marotz
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Arnaud C Drouin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kaylynn J Genemaras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Karissa Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah Topol
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emily Spencer
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Nicholson
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lauge Farnaes
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Charlotte A Hobbs
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Bluedot, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Phillipe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium; Global Virology Network
| | - Lauren Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeremy P Kamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Zalgen Labs LLC, Germantown, MD, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Drouin AC, Theberge MW, Liu SY, Smither AR, Flaherty SM, Zeller M, Geba GP, Reynaud P, Rothwell WB, Luk AP, Tian D, Boisen ML, Branco LM, Andersen KG, Robinson JE, Garry RF, Fusco DN. Successful Clearance of 300 Day SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Subject with B-Cell Depletion Associated Prolonged (B-DEAP) COVID by REGEN-COV Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail. Viruses 2021; 13:1202. [PMID: 34201591 PMCID: PMC8310246 DOI: 10.3390/v13071202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old male with follicular lymphoma treated by anti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletion and ablative chemotherapy was hospitalized with a COVID-19 infection. Although the patient did not develop specific humoral immunity, he had a mild clinical course overall. The failure of all therapeutic options allowed infection to persist nearly 300 days with active accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations. As a rescue therapy, an infusion of REGEN-COV (10933 and 10987) anti-spike monoclonal antibodies was performed 270 days from initial diagnosis. Due to partial clearance after the first dose (2.4 g), a consolidation dose (8 g) was infused six weeks later. Complete virus clearance could then be observed over the following month, after he was vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech anti-COVID-19 vaccination. The successful management of this patient required prolonged enhanced quarantine, monitoring of virus mutations, pioneering clinical decisions based upon close consultation, and the coordination of multidisciplinary experts in virology, immunology, pharmacology, input from REGN, the FDA, the IRB, the health care team, the patient, and the patient's family. Current decisions to take revolve around patient's follicular lymphoma management, and monitoring for virus clearance persistence beyond disappearance of REGEN-COV monoclonal antibodies after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Overall, specific guidelines for similar cases should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud C. Drouin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Marc W. Theberge
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Sharon Y. Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Allison R. Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Shelby M. Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Mark Zeller
- The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (M.Z.); (K.G.A.)
| | | | - Peter Reynaud
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - W. Benjamin Rothwell
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Alfred P. Luk
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Luis M. Branco
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD 20876, USA; (M.L.B.); (L.M.B.)
| | | | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.Y.L.); (S.M.F.); (P.R.); (W.B.R.); (A.P.L.); (D.N.F.)
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11
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Zeller M, Gangavarapu K, Anderson C, Smither AR, Vanchiere JA, Rose R, Dudas G, Snyder DJ, Watts A, Matteson NL, Robles-Sikisaka R, Marshall M, Feehan AK, Sabino-Santos G, Bell-Kareem A, Hughes LD, Alkuzweny M, Snarski P, Garcia-Diaz J, Scott RS, Melnik LI, Klitting R, McGraw M, Belda-Ferre P, DeHoff P, Sathe S, Marotz C, Grubaugh N, Nolan DJ, Drouin AC, Genemaras KJ, Chao K, Topol S, Spencer E, Nicholson L, Aigner S, Yeo GW, Farnaes L, Hobbs CA, Laurent LC, Knight R, Hodcroft EB, Khan K, Fusco DN, Cooper VS, Lemey P, Gardner L, Lamers SL, Kamil JP, Garry RF, Suchard MA, Andersen KG. Emergence of an early SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the United States. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33564781 PMCID: PMC7872376 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.05.21251235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the early COVID-19 epidemic in the United States (U.S.) went largely undetected, due to a lack of adequate testing and mitigation efforts. The city of New Orleans, Louisiana experienced one of the earliest and fastest accelerating outbreaks, coinciding with the annual Mardi Gras festival, which went ahead without precautions. To gain insight into the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S. and how large, crowded events may have accelerated early transmission, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Louisiana. We show that SARS-CoV-2 in Louisiana initially had limited sequence diversity compared to other U.S. states, and that one successful introduction of SARS-CoV-2 led to almost all of the early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Louisiana. By analyzing mobility and genomic data, we show that SARS-CoV-2 was already present in New Orleans before Mardi Gras and that the festival dramatically accelerated transmission, eventually leading to secondary localized COVID-19 epidemics throughout the Southern U.S.. Our study provides an understanding of how superspreading during large-scale events played a key role during the early outbreak in the U.S. and can greatly accelerate COVID-19 epidemics on a local and regional scale.
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12
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Drouin A, Wallbillich N, Theberge M, Liu S, Katz J, Bellovoda K, Se Yun Cheon S, Gootkind F, Bierman E, Zavras J, Berberich MJ, Kalocsay M, Guastaldi F, Salvadori N, Troulis M, Fusco DN. Impact of Zika virus on the human type I interferon osteoimmune response. Cytokine 2021; 137:155342. [PMID: 33130337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing field of osteoimmunology supports importance of an interferon (IFN) response pathway in osteoblasts. Clarifying osteoblast-IFN interactions is important because IFN is used as salvage anti-tumor therapy but systemic toxicity is high with variable clinical results. In addition, osteoblast response to systemic bursts and disruptions of IFN pathways induced by viral infection may influence bone remodeling. ZIKA virus (ZIKV) infection impacts bone development in humans and IFN response in vitro. Consistently, initial evidence of permissivity to ZIKV has been reported in human osteoblasts. HYPOTHESIS Osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV and responsive to IFN. METHODS Multiple approaches were used to assess whether Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV infection and exhibit IFN-mediated ZIKV suppression. Proteomic methods were used to evaluate impact of ZIKV and IFN on Saos-2 cells. RESULTS Evidence is presented confirming Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV and support IFN-mediated suppression of ZIKV. ZIKV and IFN differentially impact the Saos-2 proteome, exemplified by HELZ2 protein which is upregulated by IFN but non responsive to ZIKV. Both ZIKV and IFN suppress proteins associated with microcephaly/pseudo-TORCH syndrome (BI1, KI20A and UBP18), and ZIKV induces potential entry factor PLVAP. CONCLUSIONS Transient ZIKV infection influences osteoimmune state, and IFN and ZIKV activate distinct proteomes in Saos-2 cells, which could inform therapeutic, engineered, disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Drouin
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States; Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Nicholas Wallbillich
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Marc Theberge
- Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
| | - Sharon Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Joshua Katz
- Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
| | - Kamela Bellovoda
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Scarlett Se Yun Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Frederick Gootkind
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Emily Bierman
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jason Zavras
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Matthew J Berberich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, 200 Longwood, Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, 200 Longwood, Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fernando Guastaldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Nicolas Salvadori
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD)-PHPT, Marseille, France; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maria Troulis
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States.
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13
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Sise ME, Strohbehn I, Chute D, Corey KE, Fusco DN, Sabbisetti VS, Waikar SS, Chung RT. Low Complement C4 Predicts Improvement of Kidney Function After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1206-1217. [PMID: 32766479 PMCID: PMC7395066 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct‐acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) may improve kidney function and proteinuria in certain patients with hepatitis C infection (HCV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To improve our understanding of HCV‐mediated kidney dysfunction, we aimed to evaluate the baseline predictors of improvement in proteinuria after DAAs in a single‐arm, pilot, clinical trial of ledipasvir 90 mg/sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily for patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection and proteinuric CKD (≥300 mg proteinuria per gram creatinine). Plasma biomarkers of complement system (C3 and C4) and urinary kidney injury biomarkers were measured at baseline, 8 weeks on treatment, 12 weeks following treatment, and 1 year following treatment. We then conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients at Partners Healthcare who had baseline complement component 4 (C4) measured before DAAs for HCV and evaluated the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after therapy. Ten patients with HCV and proteinuric CKD were enrolled in the trial. The mean age was 64 years, 70% male, 70% white, and 30% black. Baseline creatinine was 1.25 mg/dL (SD 0.44), eGFR was 65 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD 29), and proteinuria was 0.98 g/g creatinine (SD 0.7). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks was achieved by 80% of patients. Patients with low baseline C4 had improved proteinuria, urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, and interleukin‐18 after ledipasvir and sofosbuvir treatment. The retrospective study included 50 patients with CKD and HCV. Twenty patients (40%) had low baseline C4; these patients significantly improved their eGFR (+3.4 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to those with normal baseline C4 (−4.4 ± 12.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.028). Conclusion: Low C4 may be a marker of kidney dysfunction that improves with DAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Sise
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Ian Strohbehn
- Gastrointestinal Division Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Donald Chute
- Gastrointestinal Division Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Gastrointestinal Division Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases Section Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA
| | | | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Division of Nephrology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Section of Nephrology Boston Medical Center Boston MA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
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14
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Eddowes LA, Al-Hourani K, Ramamurthy N, Frankish J, Baddock HT, Sandor C, Ryan JD, Fusco DN, Arezes J, Giannoulatou E, Boninsegna S, Chevaliez S, Owens BMJ, Sun CC, Fabris P, Giordani MT, Martines D, Vukicevic S, Crowe J, Lin HY, Rehwinkel J, McHugh PJ, Binder M, Babitt JL, Chung RT, Lawless MW, Armitage AE, Webber C, Klenerman P, Drakesmith H. Antiviral activity of bone morphogenetic proteins and activins. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:339-351. [PMID: 30510168 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the control of viral infections is of broad importance. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes decreased expression of the iron hormone hepcidin, which is regulated by hepatic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signalling. We found that HCV infection and the BMP/SMAD pathway are mutually antagonistic. HCV blunted induction of hepcidin expression by BMP6, probably via tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated downregulation of the BMP co-receptor haemojuvelin. In HCV-infected patients, disruption of the BMP6/hepcidin axis and genetic variation associated with the BMP/SMAD pathway predicted the outcome of infection, suggesting that BMP/SMAD activity influences antiviral immunity. Correspondingly, BMP6 regulated a gene repertoire reminiscent of type I interferon (IFN) signalling, including upregulating interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and downregulating an inhibitor of IFN signalling, USP18. Moreover, in BMP-stimulated cells, SMAD1 occupied loci across the genome, similar to those bound by IRF1 in IFN-stimulated cells. Functionally, BMP6 enhanced the transcriptional and antiviral response to IFN, but BMP6 and related activin proteins also potently blocked HCV replication independently of IFN. Furthermore, BMP6 and activin A suppressed growth of HBV in cell culture, and activin A inhibited Zika virus replication alone and in combination with IFN. The data establish an unappreciated important role for BMPs and activins in cellular antiviral immunity, which acts independently of, and modulates, IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Eddowes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kinda Al-Hourani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Narayan Ramamurthy
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Frankish
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah T Baddock
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John D Ryan
- Centre for Liver Disease, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Boninsegna
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterological Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephane Chevaliez
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Chia Chi Sun
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Fabris
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giordani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Diego Martines
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterological Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Crowe
- Centre for Liver Disease, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Herbert Y Lin
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Lawless
- Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. .,Haematology Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Fusco DN, Ganova-Raeva L, Khudyakov Y, Punkova L, Mohamed A, Cheon SSY, Koirala P, Andersson KL, Jourdain G, Sureau C, Chung RT, Lauer G. Reactivation of a Vaccine Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutant in a Cambodian Patient During Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:97. [PMID: 29761102 PMCID: PMC5936758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 76-year-old Cambodian man co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) 6c-1 presented for care. HBV DNA was intermittently detectable despite anti-HBs levels being above the protective threshold. During treatment for HCV, HBV DNA levels increased. Sequencing revealed multiple mutations including vaccine escape mutation and mutations predicted to enhance fitness. This case represents exacerbation of an HBV vaccine escape mutant during a direct-acting antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N. Fusco
- Medicine/General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lilia Ganova-Raeva
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Team, DVH/NCHHSTP/CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yury Khudyakov
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Team, DVH/NCHHSTP/CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lili Punkova
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Team, DVH/NCHHSTP/CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aisha Mohamed
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Karin L. Andersson
- Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gonzague Jourdain
- Institut de recherche pour le développement(IRD), Marseille, France
- Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Camille Sureau
- Institut National de la Tranfusion Sanguine INSER U1134, Paris, France
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georg Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Fusco DN, Pratt H, Kandilas S, Cheon SSY, Lin W, Cronkite DA, Basavappa M, Jeffrey KL, Anselmo A, Sadreyev R, Yapp C, Shi X, O'Sullivan JF, Gerszten RE, Tomaru T, Yoshino S, Satoh T, Chung RT. HELZ2 Is an IFN Effector Mediating Suppression of Dengue Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:240. [PMID: 28265266 PMCID: PMC5316548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviral infections including dengue virus are an increasing clinical problem worldwide. Dengue infection triggers host production of the type 1 IFN, IFN alpha, one of the strongest and broadest acting antivirals known. However, dengue virus subverts host IFN signaling at early steps of IFN signal transduction. This subversion allows unbridled viral replication which subsequently triggers ongoing production of IFN which, again, is subverted. Identification of downstream IFN antiviral effectors will provide targets which could be activated to restore broad acting antiviral activity, stopping the signal to produce endogenous IFN at toxic levels. To this end, we performed a targeted functional genomic screen for IFN antiviral effector genes (IEGs), identifying 56 IEGs required for antiviral effects of IFN against fully infectious dengue virus. Dengue IEGs were enriched for genes encoding nuclear receptor interacting proteins, including HELZ2, MAP2K4, SLC27A2, HSP90AA1, and HSP90AB1. We focused on HELZ2 (Helicase With Zinc Finger 2), an IFN stimulated gene and IEG which encodes a promiscuous nuclear factor coactivator that exists in two isoforms. The two unique HELZ2 isoforms are both IFN responsive, contain ISRE elements, and gene products increase in the nucleus upon IFN stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that the HELZ2 complex interacts with triglyceride-regulator LMF1. Mass spectrometry revealed that HELZ2 knockdown cells are depleted of triglyceride subsets. We thus sought to determine whether HELZ2 interacts with a nuclear receptor known to regulate immune response and lipid metabolism, AHR, and identified HELZ2:AHR interactions via co-immunoprecipitation, found that AHR is a dengue IEG, and that an AHR ligand, FICZ, exhibits anti-dengue activity. Primary bone marrow derived macrophages from HELZ2 knockout mice, compared to wild type controls, exhibit enhanced dengue infectivity. Overall, these findings reveal that IFN antiviral response is mediated by HELZ2 transcriptional upregulation, enrichment of HELZ2 protein levels in the nucleus, and activation of a transcriptional program that appears to modulate intracellular lipid state. IEGs identified in this study may serve as both (1) potential targets for host directed antiviral design, downstream of the common flaviviral subversion point, as well as (2) possible biomarkers, whose variation, natural, or iatrogenic, could affect host response to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Pratt
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Kandilas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Athens University Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
| | | | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Alex Cronkite
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Basavappa
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate L Jeffrey
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshino
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Satoh
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Salloum S, Holmes JA, Jindal R, Bale SS, Brisac C, Alatrakchi N, Lidofsky A, Kruger A, Fusco DN, Luther J, Schaefer E, Lin W, Yarmush ML, Chung RT. Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus in hepatic and stellate cell lines reveals cooperative profibrotic transcriptional activation between viruses and cell types. Hepatology 2016; 64:1951-1968. [PMID: 27531241 PMCID: PMC5116014 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection accelerates progressive liver fibrosis; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. HCV and HIV independently induce profibrogenic markers transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) (mediated by reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in monoculture; however, they do not account for cellular crosstalk that naturally occurs. We created an in vitro coculture model and investigated the contributions of HIV and HCV to hepatic fibrogenesis. Green fluorescent protein reporter cell lines driven by functional ROS (antioxidant response elements), NFκB, and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) promoters were created in Huh7.5.1 and LX2 cells, using a transwell to generate cocultures. Reporter cell lines were exposed to HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV. Activation of the 3 pathways was measured and compared according to infection status. Extracellular matrix products (collagen type 1 alpha 1 (CoL1A1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)) were also measured. Both HCV and HIV independently activated TGFβ1 signaling through ROS (antioxidant response elements), NFκB, and SMAD3 in both cell lines in coculture. Activation of these profibrotic pathways was additive following HIV/HCV coexposure. This was confirmed when examining CoL1A1 and TIMP1, where messenger RNA and protein levels were significantly higher in LX2 cells in coculture following HIV/HCV coexposure compared with either virus alone. In addition, expression of these profibrotic genes was significantly higher in the coculture model compared to either cell type in monoculture, suggesting an interaction and feedback mechanism between Huh7.5.1 and LX2 cells. CONCLUSION HIV accentuates an HCV-driven profibrogenic program in hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines through ROS, NFκB, and TGFβ1 up-regulation; coculture of hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines significantly increased expression of CoL1A1 and TIMP1; and our novel coculture reporter cell model represents an efficient and more authentic system for studying transcriptional fibrosis responses and may provide important insights into hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:1951-1968).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Salloum
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jacinta A. Holmes
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Shyam S. Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nadia Alatrakchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Anna Lidofsky
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Annie Kruger
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jay Luther
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Esperance Schaefer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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18
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Zhu C, Xiao F, Hong J, Wang K, Liu X, Cai D, Fusco DN, Zhao L, Jeong SW, Brisac C, Chusri P, Schaefer EA, Zhao H, Peng LF, Lin W, Chung RT. EFTUD2 Is a Novel Innate Immune Regulator Restricting Hepatitis C Virus Infection through the RIG-I/MDA5 Pathway. J Virol 2015; 89:6608-18. [PMID: 25878102 PMCID: PMC4468487 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00364-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain-containing protein 2 (EFTUD2) was identified as an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) host factor in our recent genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen. In this study, we sought to further determine EFTUD2's role in HCV infection and investigate the interaction between EFTUD2 and other regulators involved in HCV innate immune (RIG-I, MDA5, TBK1, and IRF3) and JAK-STAT1 pathways. We found that HCV infection decreased the expression of EFTUD2 and the viral RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 in HCV-infected Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 cells and in liver tissue from in HCV-infected patients, suggesting that HCV infection downregulated EFTUD2 expression to circumvent the innate immune response. EFTUD2 inhibited HCV infection by inducing expression of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) in Huh7 cells. However, its impact on HCV infection was absent in both RIG-I knockdown Huh7 cells and RIG-I-defective Huh7.5.1 cells, indicating that the antiviral effect of EFTUD2 is dependent on RIG-I. Furthermore, EFTUD2 upregulated the expression of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 to enhance the innate immune response by gene splicing. Functional experiments revealed that EFTUD2-induced expression of ISGs was mediated through interaction of the EFTUD2 downstream regulators RIG-I, MDA5, TBK1, and IRF3. Interestingly, the EFTUD2-induced antiviral effect was independent of the classical IFN-induced JAK-STAT pathway. Our data demonstrate that EFTUD2 restricts HCV infection mainly through an RIG-I/MDA5-mediated, JAK-STAT-independent pathway, thereby revealing the participation of EFTUD2 as a novel innate immune regulator and suggesting a potentially targetable antiviral pathway. IMPORTANCE Innate immunity is the first line defense against HCV and determines the outcome of HCV infection. Based on a recent high-throughput whole-genome siRNA library screen revealing a network of host factors mediating antiviral effects against HCV, we identified EFTUD2 as a novel innate immune regulator against HCV in the infectious HCV cell culture model and confirmed that its expression in HCV-infected liver tissue is inversely related to HCV infection. Furthermore, we determined that EFTUD2 exerts its antiviral activity mainly through governing its downstream regulators RIG-I and MDA5 by gene splicing to activate IRF3 and induce classical ISG expression independent of the JAT-STAT signaling pathway. This study broadens our understanding of the HCV innate immune response and provides a possible new antiviral strategy targeting this novel regulator of the innate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pattranuch Chusri
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esperance A Schaefer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lee F Peng
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Lin W, Zhu C, Hong J, Zhao L, Jilg N, Fusco DN, Schaefer EA, Brisac C, Liu X, Peng LF, Xu Q, Chung RT. The spliceosome factor SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through mRNA splicing. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1024-32. [PMID: 25481564 PMCID: PMC4404186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND &/AIMS The broadly used antiviral cytokine interferon-α (IFNα)'s mechanisms of action against HCV infection are not well understood. We previously identified SART1, a host protein involved in RNA splicing and pre-mRNA processing, as a regulator of IFN's antiviral effects. We hypothesized that SART1 regulates antiviral IFN effector genes (IEGs) through mRNA processing and splicing. METHODS We performed siRNA knockdown in HuH7.5.1 cells and mRNA-sequencing with or without IFN treatment. Selected gene mRNA variants and their proteins, together with HCV replication, were monitored by qRT-PCR and Western blot in HCV OR6 replicon cells and the JFH1 HCV infectious model. RESULTS We identified 419 genes with a greater than 2-fold expression difference between Neg siRNA and SART1 siRNA treated cells in the presence or absence of IFN. Bioinformatic analysis identified at least 10 functional pathways. SART1 knockdown reduced classical IFN stimulating genes (ISG) mRNA transcription including MX1 and OAS3. However, SART1 did not affect JAK-STAT pathway gene mRNA expression and IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) signaling. We identified alternative mRNA splicing events for several genes, including EIF4G3, GORASP2, ZFAND6, and RAB6A that contribute to their antiviral effects. EIF4G3 and GORASP2 were also confirmed to have anti-HCV effect. CONCLUSIONS The spliceosome factor SART1 is not IFN-inducible but is an IEG. SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through direct transcriptional regulation for some ISGs and alternative splicing for others, including EIF4G3, GORASP2. SART1 does not have an effect on IFN receptor or canonical signal transduction components. Thus, SART1 regulates ISGs using a novel, non-classical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lei Zhao
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Esperance A. Schaefer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Xiao Liu
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lee F. Peng
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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20
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Jilg N, Lin W, Hong J, Schaefer EA, Wolski D, Meixong J, Goto K, Brisac C, Chusri P, Fusco DN, Chevaliez S, Luther J, Kumthip K, Urban TJ, Peng LF, Lauer GM, Chung RT. Kinetic differences in the induction of interferon stimulated genes by interferon-α and interleukin 28B are altered by infection with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 2014; 59:1250-61. [PMID: 23913866 PMCID: PMC3909557 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a genetic polymorphism associated with the gene locus for interleukin 28B (IL28B), a type III interferon (IFN), as a major predictor of clinical outcome in hepatitis C. Antiviral effects of the type III IFN family have previously been shown against several viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), and resemble the function of type I IFN including utilization of the intracellular Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Effects unique to IL28B that would distinguish it from IFN-α are not well defined. By analyzing the transcriptomes of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) treated with IFN-α or IL28B, we sought to identify functional differences between IFN-α and IL28B to better understand the roles of these cytokines in the innate immune response. Although our data did not reveal distinct gene signatures, we detected striking kinetic differences between IFN-α and IL28B stimulation for interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). While gene induction was rapid and peaked at 8 hours of stimulation with IFN-α in PHH, IL28B produced a slower, but more sustained increase in gene expression. We confirmed these findings in the human hepatoma cell line Huh7.5.1. Interestingly, in HCV-infected cells the rapid response after stimulation with IFN-α was blunted, and the induction pattern resembled that caused by IL28B. CONCLUSION The kinetics of gene induction are fundamentally different for stimulations with either IFN-α or IL28B in hepatocytes, suggesting distinct roles of these cytokines within the immune response. Furthermore, the observed differences are substantially altered by infection with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Jilg
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jian Hong
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esperance A. Schaefer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Wolski
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James Meixong
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kaku Goto
- Unit of Disease Control Genome Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cynthia Brisac
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pattranuch Chusri
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephane Chevaliez
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay Luther
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas J. Urban
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Lee F. Peng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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21
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Goto K, Lin W, Zhang L, Jilg N, Shao RX, Schaefer EA, Zhao H, Fusco DN, Peng LF, Kato N, Chung RT. The AMPK-related kinase SNARK regulates hepatitis C virus replication and pathogenesis through enhancement of TGF-β signaling. J Hepatol 2013; 59:942-8. [PMID: 23831117 PMCID: PMC3866804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The biological and therapeutic importance of host cellular cofactors for viral replication has been recently appreciated. Here we examined the roles of SNF1/AMP kinase-related kinase (SNARK) in HCV replication and pathogenesis. METHODS The JFH1 infection system and the full-length HCV replicon OR6 cell line were used. Gene expression was knocked down by siRNAs. SNARK mutants were created by site-directed mutagenesis. Intracellular mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Endogenous and overexpressed proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling was monitored by a luciferase reporter construct. Liver biopsy samples from HCV-infected patients were analyzed for SNARK expression. RESULTS Knockdown of SNARK impaired viral replication, which was rescued by wild type SNARK but not by unphosphorylated or kinase-deficient mutants. Knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that SNARK promoted TGF-β signaling in a manner dependent on both its phosphorylation and kinase activity. In turn, chronic HCV replication upregulated the expression of SNARK in patients. Further, the SNARK kinase inhibitor metformin suppressed both HCV replication and SNARK-mediated enhancement of TGF-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS Thus reciprocal regulation between HCV and SNARK promotes TGF-β signaling, a major driver of hepatic fibrogenesis. These findings suggest that SNARK will be an attractive target for the design of novel host-directed antiviral and antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku Goto
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Run-Xuan Shao
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Esperance A.K. Schaefer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lee F. Peng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naoya Kato
- The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Corresponding author. Address: Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Tel.: +1 617 724 7562; fax: +1 617 643 0446. (R.T. Chung)
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22
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Bai H, Chen T, Ming J, Sun H, Cao P, Fusco DN, Chung RT, Chorev M, Jin Q, Aktas BH. Dual activators of protein kinase R (PKR) and protein kinase R-like kinase PERK identify common and divergent catalytic targets. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1255-62. [PMID: 23784735 PMCID: PMC3808843 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical genetics has evolved into a powerful tool for studying gene function in normal and pathobiology. PKR and PERK, two eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinases, play critical roles in the maintenance of cellular hemostasis, metabolic stability, and anti-viral defenses. Both kinases interact with and phosphorylate additional substrates including tumor suppressor p53 and nuclear protein 90. Loss of function of both kinases has been studied by reverse genetics and with recently identified inhibitors. In contrast, no activating probes for studying the catalytic activity of these kinases are available. We identified 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (DHBDC) as a specific dual activator of PKR and PERK by screening a chemical library of 20 000 small molecules in a dual luciferase surrogate eIF2α phosphorylation assay. We present here extensive biological characterization and a preliminary structure-activity relationship of DHBDC, which phosphorylates eIF2α by activating PKR and PERK but no other eIF2α kinases. These agents also activate downstream effectors of eIF2α phosphorylation by inducing CEBP homologue protein, suppressing cyclin D1 expression, and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, all in a manner dependent on PKR and PERK. Consistent with the role of eIF2α phosphorylation in viral infection, DHBDC inhibits the proliferation of human hepatitis C virus. Finally, DHBDC induces the phosphorylation of IκBα and activates the NF-κB pathway. Surprisingly, activation of the NF-κB pathway is dependent on PERK but independent of PKR activity. These data indicate that DHBDC is an invaluable probe for elucidating the role of PKR and PERK in normal and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Bai
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 6 Rong Jing Jie, Beijing 100176, China
- Hematology Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
| | - Ting Chen
- Hematology Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
| | - Jie Ming
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
| | - Hong Sun
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
- Basic Medical College, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114
| | - Michael Chorev
- Hematology Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
| | - Qi Jin
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 6 Rong Jing Jie, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Bertal H. Aktas
- Hematology Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115
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Fusco DN, Brisac C, John SP, Huang YW, Chin CR, Xie T, Zhao H, Zhang L, Chevalier S, Wambua D, Lin W, Peng L, Chung RT, Brass AL, Brass AL. A genetic screen identifies interferon-α effector genes required to suppress hepatitis C virus replication. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1438-49, 1449.e1-9. [PMID: 23462180 PMCID: PMC3665646 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Interferon-α (IFNα) is an important component of anti-HCV therapy; it up-regulates transcription of IFN-stimulated genes, many of which have been investigated for their antiviral effects. However, all of the genes required for the antiviral function of IFNα (IFN effector genes [IEGs]) are not known. IEGs include not only IFN-stimulated genes, but other nontranscriptionally induced genes that are required for the antiviral effect of IFNα. In contrast to candidate approaches based on analyses of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, identification of IEGs requires a broad functional approach. METHODS We performed an unbiased genome-wide small interfering RNA screen to identify IEGs that inhibit HCV. Huh7.5.1 hepatoma cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs incubated with IFNα and then infected with JFH1 HCV. Cells were stained using HCV core antibody, imaged, and analyzed to determine the percent infection. Candidate IEGs detected in the screen were validated and analyzed further. RESULTS The screen identified 120 previously unreported IEGs. From these, we more fully evaluated the following: asparagine-linked glycosylation 10 homolog (yeast, α-1,2-glucosyltransferase); butyrylcholinesterase; dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (CD26, adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2); glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator; guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, β 3; MYST histone acetyltransferase 1; protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, β isoform; peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ-DBD-interacting protein 1; and solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2; and demonstrated that they enabled IFNα-mediated suppression of HCV at multiple steps of its life cycle. Expression of these genes had more potent effects against flaviviridae because a subset was required for IFNα to suppress dengue virus but not influenza A virus. In addition, many of the host genes detected in this screen (92%) were not transcriptionally stimulated by IFNα; these genes represent a heretofore unknown class of non-IFN-stimulated gene IEGs. CONCLUSIONS We performed a whole-genome loss-of-function screen to identify genes that mediate the effects of IFNα against human pathogenic viruses. We found that IFNα restricts HCV via actions of general and specific IEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114
| | | | | | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of, Medicine and Hospital, Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center &, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 280, Sec. 4, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei-10630, Taiwan
| | - Christopher R. Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Tiao Xie
- Harvard Medical School Image and Data Analysis Core, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens; Institute of Pathogen Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
| | - Stephane Chevalier
- Hospital University Henri Mondor, Department of Virology, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114
| | - Daniel Wambua
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114
| | - Lee Peng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Correspondence: Abraham L. Brass, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester MA 01605, Telephone: 508-856-2292, . Raymond T. Chung, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston MA 02114, Telephone: 617-724-7562, Fax: 617-643-0446,
| | - Abraham L. Brass
- Correspondence: Abraham L. Brass, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester MA 01605, Telephone: 508-856-2292, . Raymond T. Chung, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston MA 02114, Telephone: 617-724-7562, Fax: 617-643-0446,
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Liu X, He Y, Xiao K, White JR, Fusco DN, Papanicolaou GA. Effect of linezolid on clinical severity and pulmonary cytokines in a murine model of influenza A and Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57483. [PMID: 23478252 PMCID: PMC3589409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Excessive inflammation contributes to the severity of post influenza pneumonia caused by methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA). Linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin are antibiotics used for MRSA infections. Linezolid has immunomodulatory properties. We report on the effects of the three antibiotics on microbial clearance, pulmonary cytokines and clinical course in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection. METHODS B6 mice were infected with influenza A virus and 3 days later with MRSA, both intranasally. Treatment with placebo, linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin started immediately after MRSA infection and continued for 72 hours. Bacterial and viral titers as well as cytokine concentrations in the lungs were assessed 4 and 24 hours after MRSA coinfection. Mice were weighted daily for 13 days. RESULTS Coinfected mice had increased pulmonary IL-1β, TNF-α and mKC at 4 and 24 hours, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). Compared to placebo, coinfected mice treated with linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin had decreased pulmonary IL-6 and mKC at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 were similar in antibiotic-treated and placebo groups. All antibiotics similarly reduced MRSA without effect on influenza titers. Linezolid-treated mice had less weight loss on days 4-6 after influenza infection compared to placebo (all P<0.05). On all other days weight change was similar among all groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report comparing the effects of antibiotics on cytokines and clinical outcome in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection. Compared to placebo, antibiotic treatment reduced maximum concentration of IL-6, mKC and IFN-γ in the lungs without any difference among antibiotics. During treatment, only linezolid delayed weight loss compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Liu
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Fierer DS, Dieterich DT, Fiel MI, Branch AD, Marks KM, Fusco DN, Hsu R, Smith DM, Fierer J. Rapid progression to decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant, and death in HIV-infected men after primary hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:1038-43. [PMID: 23264364 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We and others have shown that primary hepatitis C (HCV) infection in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes early-onset liver fibrosis; however, little is known about the long-term natural history of the liver disease in these HIV-infected men. METHODS We followed a cohort of HIV-infected men with primary HCV infection in New York City. RESULTS Four men who were not cured after their primary HCV infection developed decompensated cirrhosis within 17 months to 6 years after primary HCV infection. Three died within 8 years of primary HCV infection, and 1 survived after liver transplant done 2 years after primary HCV infection. Three of the 4 men had AIDS at the time of primary HCV infection, and the most rapid progression occurred in the 2 men with the lowest CD4 counts at the time of HCV infection. Liver histopathology was most consistent with HCV-induced damage even though some had exposures to other potential hepatotoxins. CONCLUSIONS Primary HCV infection resulted in decompensated cirrhosis and death within 2-8 years in 4 HIV-infected men. The rapid onset of fibrosis due to primary HCV infection in HIV-infected men cannot therefore be considered benign. The rate of continued progression to liver failure may be proportional to the degree of underlying immunocompromise caused by HIV infection. More research is needed to better define the mechanisms behind accelerated liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Fierer
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Shao RX, Zhang L, Hong Z, Goto K, Cheng D, Chen WC, Jilg N, Kumthip K, Fusco DN, Peng LF, Chung RT. SOCS1 abrogates IFN's antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus replication. Antiviral Res 2012; 97:101-7. [PMID: 23237992 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) have been thought to block type I interferon (IFN) signaling. We have previously reported that SOCS3 suppresses HCV replication in an mTOR-dependent manner. However, the relationship between SOCS1 and HCV replication remains unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of SOCS1 alone did not have an effect on HCV RNA replication. However, suppression of HCV replication by IFN-α was rescued by SOCS1 overexpression. The upregulation of HCV replication by SOCS1 overexpression in the presence of IFN is likely a result of the impairment of IFN signaling by SOCS1 and subsequent induction of ISGs. Knockdown of SOCS1 alone with specific shRNA enhanced the antiviral effect of IFN compared with negative control. Thus, SOCS1 acts as a suppressor of type I IFN function against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Xuan Shao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
For the first time since the discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), therapeutic options for hepatitis C have expanded. Several agents directly effective against HCV are now in development, including both direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and host cofactor inhibitors. DAAs have been developed to inhibit several HCV proteins, including the NS3/4A serine protease, the NS5B RNA polymerase, NS5A, and NS4B. Host cofactor inhibitors include, but are not limited to, cyclophilin inhibitors, miR122 antagonists, and statins. Development of these agents represents a major advance in HCV therapeutics. This review provides a guide to HCV drugs in various stages of development, including an introduction to their mechanism of action, state of clinical development, efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;,
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;,
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Zhao H, Lin W, Kumthip K, Cheng D, Fusco DN, Hofmann O, Jilg N, Tai AW, Goto K, Zhang L, Hide W, Jang JY, Peng LF, Chung RT. A functional genomic screen reveals novel host genes that mediate interferon-alpha's effects against hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 2012; 56:326-33. [PMID: 21888876 PMCID: PMC3261326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The precise mechanisms by which IFN exerts its antiviral effect against HCV have not yet been elucidated. We sought to identify host genes that mediate the antiviral effect of IFN-α by conducting a whole-genome siRNA library screen. METHODS High throughput screening was performed using an HCV genotype 1b replicon, pRep-Feo. Those pools with replicate robust Z scores ≥2.0 entered secondary validation in full-length OR6 replicon cells. Huh7.5.1 cells infected with JFH1 were then used to validate the rescue efficacy of selected genes for HCV replication under IFN-α treatment. RESULTS We identified and confirmed 93 human genes involved in the IFN-α anti-HCV effect using a whole-genome siRNA library. Gene ontology analysis revealed that mRNA processing (23 genes, p=2.756e-22), translation initiation (nine genes, p=2.42e-6), and IFN signaling (five genes, p=1.00e-3) were the most enriched functional groups. Nine genes were components of U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP. We confirmed that silencing squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells (SART1), a specific factor of tri-snRNP, abrogates IFN-α's suppressive effects against HCV in both replicon cells and JFH1 infectious cells. We further found that SART1 was not IFN-α inducible, and its anti-HCV effector in the JFH1 infectious model was through regulation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) with or without IFN-α. CONCLUSIONS We identified 93 genes that mediate the anti-HCV effect of IFN-α through genome-wide siRNA screening; 23 and nine genes were involved in mRNA processing and translation initiation, respectively. These findings reveal an unexpected role for mRNA processing in generation of the antiviral state, and suggest a new avenue for therapeutic development in HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Du Cheng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Andrew W. Tai
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Kaku Goto
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Winston Hide
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lee F Peng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,Corresponding author: Raymond T. Chung, M.D. GI Unit, Warren 1007 Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114 Phone: (617) 724-7562 Fax: (617) 643-0446
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Zhang L, Jilg N, Shao RX, Lin W, Fusco DN, Zhao H, Goto K, Peng LF, Chen WC, Chung RT. IL28B inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through the JAK-STAT pathway. J Hepatol 2011; 55:289-98. [PMID: 21147189 PMCID: PMC3068235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The combination of pegylated interferon (IFN) α and ribavirin (RBV) is the standard therapy for patients with chronic HCV infection. However, it produces a sustained virologic response (SVR) in only half of the treated individuals and is associated with significant side effects. Recently, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B locus, also known as IFNλ3, were identified to be strong predictors of SVR in patients receiving PEG-IFN and RBV. We sought to determine whether IL28B was capable of inhibiting HCV replication and to determine the pathway by which IL28B exhibits anti-HCV activity. METHODS Using the full-length HCV replicon OR6 and the infectious HCV clones JFH1 and Jc1, we assessed the anti-HCV effect of IL28B on HCV and characterized the key steps of the JAK-STAT pathway by real time PCR, luciferase assay, and Western blot. Finally, we evaluated the anti-HCV effect of IL28B in the presence of JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors such as blocking antibodies, a pharmacological inhibitor, and siRNAs. RESULTS We found that IL28B inhibits HCV replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Like IFNα, IL28B induces the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, ISRE-driven transcription, and expression of known ISGs. The anti-HCV effects of IL28A, IL28B, and IL29 were abrogated by an IL10R2 blocking antibody, a pharmacological inhibitor of JAK1/TYK2, and by siRNA against IL28R1, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that IL28A, IL28B, and IL29 signal through the JAK-STAT pathway to inhibit HCV. These data suggest possible applications of new approaches in HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiliang Zhang
- Co-corresponding authors: Raymond T. Chung, M.D., GI Unit, Warren 1007, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, Phone: (617) 724-7562, Fax: (617) 643-0446, , Leiliang Zhang, GI Unit, Warren 1007, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,
| | | | - Run-Xuan Shao
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kaku Goto
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lee F. Peng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Fusco DN, Downs JA, Satlin MJ, Pahuja M, Ramos L, Barie PS, Fleckenstein L, Murray HW. Non-oral treatment with ivermectin for disseminated strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:879-83. [PMID: 20889884 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with disseminated strongyloidiasis may not be candidates for oral treatment. We report four patients with disseminated strongyloidiasis, believed to be unable to absorb oral therapy, who were treated with ivermectin by rectal and/or subcutaneous administration. Obtaining subcutaneous ivermectin and dosing it appropriately is a challenge. These cases underscore the need for improved access to subcutaneous ivermectin and more pharmacological data to guide use of this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N Fusco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
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Fusco DN, Alexander EL, Weisenberg SA, Mediavilla JR, Kreiswirth BN, Schuetz AN, Jenkins SG, Rhee KY. Clinical failure of vancomycin in a dialysis patient with methicillin-susceptible vancomycin-heteroresistant S. aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 65:180-3. [PMID: 19748429 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a patient who failed vancomycin due to a vancomycin-heteroresistant strain lacking methicillin resistance. Although initial isolates were susceptible, isolates obtained after vancomycin chemotherapy were vancomycin heteroresistant. This case thus illustrates the clinical emergence of vancomycin heteroresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N Fusco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065, USA
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