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Carnes MU, Quach BC, Zhou L, Han S, Tao R, Mandal M, Deep-Soboslay A, Marks JA, Page GP, Maher BS, Jaffe AE, Won H, Bierut LJ, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Johnson EO, Hancock DB. Smoking-informed methylation and expression QTLs in human brain and colocalization with smoking-associated genetic loci. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1749-1757. [PMID: 38830989 PMCID: PMC11399277 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking is heritable, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of smoking behaviors have identified hundreds of significant loci. Most GWAS-identified variants are noncoding with unknown neurobiological effects. We used genome-wide genotype, DNA methylation, and RNA sequencing data in postmortem human nucleus accumbens (NAc) to identify cis-methylation/expression quantitative trait loci (meQTLs/eQTLs), investigate variant-by-cigarette smoking interactions across the genome, and overlay QTL evidence at smoking GWAS-identified loci to evaluate their regulatory potential. Active smokers (N = 52) and nonsmokers (N = 171) were defined based on cotinine biomarker levels and next-of-kin reporting. We simultaneously tested variant and variant-by-smoking interaction effects on methylation and expression, separately, adjusting for biological and technical covariates and correcting for multiple testing using a two-stage procedure. We found >2 million significant meQTL variants (padj < 0.05) corresponding to 41,695 unique CpGs. Results were largely driven by main effects, and five meQTLs, mapping to NUDT12, FAM53B, RNF39, and ADRA1B, showed a significant interaction with smoking. We found 57,683 significant eQTL variants for 958 unique eGenes (padj < 0.05) and no smoking interactions. Colocalization analyses identified loci with smoking-associated GWAS variants that overlapped meQTLs/eQTLs, suggesting that these heritable factors may influence smoking behaviors through functional effects on methylation/expression. One locus containing MUSTN1 and ITIH4 colocalized across all data types (GWAS, meQTL, and eQTL). In this first genome-wide meQTL map in the human NAc, the enriched overlap with smoking GWAS-identified genetic loci provides evidence that gene regulation in the brain helps explain the neurobiology of smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ulmer Carnes
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bryan C Quach
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Linran Zhou
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meisha Mandal
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jesse A Marks
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Grier P Page
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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2
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Xie S, Xie X, Tang J, Luo B, Chen J, Wen Q, Zhou J, Chen G. Cerebral furin deficiency causes hydrocephalus in mice. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101009. [PMID: 38292192 PMCID: PMC10825277 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Furin is a pro-protein convertase that moves between the trans-Golgi network and cell surface in the secretory pathway. We have previously reported that cerebral overexpression of furin promotes cognitive functions in mice. Here, by generating the brain-specific furin conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we investigated the role of furin in brain development. We found that furin deficiency caused early death and growth retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe hydrocephalus. In the brain of furin cKO mice, impaired ciliogenesis and the derangement of microtubule structures appeared along with the down-regulated expression of RAB28, a ciliary vesicle protein. In line with the widespread neuronal loss, ependymal cell layers were damaged. Further proteomics analysis revealed that cell adhesion molecules including astrocyte-enriched ITGB8 and BCAR1 were altered in furin cKO mice; and astrocyte overgrowth was accompanied by the reduced expression of SOX9, indicating a disrupted differentiation into ependymal cells. Together, whereas alteration of RAB28 expression correlated with the role of vesicle trafficking in ciliogenesis, dysfunctional astrocytes might be involved in ependymal damage contributing to hydrocephalus in furin cKO mice. The structural and molecular alterations provided a clue for further studying the potential mechanisms of furin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xie
- Nursing College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qixin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianrong Zhou
- Nursing College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
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3
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Carnes MU, Quach BC, Zhou L, Han S, Tao R, Mandal M, Deep-Soboslay A, Marks JA, Page GP, Maher BS, Jaffe AE, Won H, Bierut LJ, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Johnson EO, Hancock DB. Smoking-informed methylation and expression QTLs in human brain and colocalization with smoking-associated genetic loci. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.18.23295431. [PMID: 37790540 PMCID: PMC10543041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.23295431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking is heritable, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of smoking behaviors have identified hundreds of significant loci. Most GWAS-identified variants are noncoding with unknown neurobiological effects. We used genome-wide genotype, DNA methylation, and RNA sequencing data in postmortem human nucleus accumbens (NAc) to identify cis-methylation/expression quantitative trait loci (meQTLs/eQTLs), investigate variant-by-cigarette smoking interactions across the genome, and overlay QTL evidence at smoking GWAS-identified loci to evaluate their regulatory potential. Active smokers (N=52) and nonsmokers (N=171) were defined based on cotinine biomarker levels and next-of-kin reporting. We simultaneously tested variant and variant-by-smoking interaction effects on methylation and expression, separately, adjusting for biological and technical covariates and using a two-stage multiple testing approach with eigenMT and Bonferroni corrections. We found >2 million significant meQTL variants (padj<0.05) corresponding to 41,695 unique CpGs. Results were largely driven by main effects; five meQTLs, mapping to NUDT12, FAM53B, RNF39, and ADRA1B, showed a significant interaction with smoking. We found 57,683 significant eQTLs for 958 unique eGenes (padj<0.05) and no smoking interactions. Colocalization analyses identified loci with smoking-associated GWAS variants that overlapped meQTLs/eQTLs, suggesting that these heritable factors may influence smoking behaviors through functional effects on methylation/expression. One locus containing MUSTIN1 and ITIH4 colocalized across all data types (GWAS + meQTL + eQTL). In this first genome-wide meQTL map in the human NAc, the enriched overlap with smoking GWAS-identified genetic loci provides evidence that gene regulation in the brain helps explain the neurobiology of smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ulmer Carnes
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Bryan C. Quach
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Linran Zhou
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Shizhong Han
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meisha Mandal
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Jesse A. Marks
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Grier P. Page
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by senile plaques (SP) composed of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau. Recently, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) was implicated in synaptic plasticity, long-term memory formation, suggesting that it may play a role in the pathophysiology of AD. Here, we showed that the expression of NR4A1 was significantly increased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In addition, NR4A1 overexpression in HT22 cells up-regulated APP and BACE1 levels, down-regulated ADAM10 expression, and promoted amyloidogenesis as indicated by decreased α-CTF levels and elevated β-CTF levels. Furthermore, a raised level of phospho-tau (p-tau, S396) was accompanied by p-GSK3β (S9) expression reducing, but total tau, p-tau (S262 and T231), CDK5 and ERK remained unchanged in NR4A1-overexpressing cells. Collectively, our results suggest that NR4A1 promotes the amyloidogenic processing of APP by regulating ADAM10 and BACE1 expression in HT22 cells; as well as NR4A1 accelerates tau hyperphosphorylation by GSK3β signal. Therefore, NR4A1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Zhu H, Zhu L, Fang Z, Yang S, Chen Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Shen C, Yao Y. Common variants at somatostatin are significantly associated with hypertension incidence in smoking and drinking populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:230-237.e12. [PMID: 29426577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) are involved in the development of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate whether SST and GHRH contribute to genetic susceptibility to hypertension. A case-control study consisting of 2012 hypertensive patients and 2210 matched control individuals was performed, and three tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. The association of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms with hypertension and ischemic stroke was further evaluated among 4098 participants in a follow-up study. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. The follow-up study indicated that in smoking population, variants at SST presented significant association with hypertension incidence; the adjusted HR of rs3755792 (GA + AA vs. GG) was 0.634 (P = .037), and the adjusted HR of rs7624906 (TC + CC vs. TT) was 1.803 (P = .005). In drinking population, rs3755792 at SST was associated with hypertension incidence, and the adjusted HR was 0.580 (P = .009). Moreover, rs6032470 at GHRH had a statistical association with ischemic stroke incidence in smoking population, and the adjusted HR of the additive model was 1.625 (P = .049). These results suggested that SST and GHRH harbor genetic susceptible loci with incident hypertension and ischemic stroke and that smoking and drinking might modify the genetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Liu L, Lai YJ, Zhao LG, Chen GJ. Increased expression of Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 in APP/PS1 mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5751-5756. [PMID: 29285117 PMCID: PMC5740591 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (Miz1) is a member of the poxvirus and zinc-finger domain/zinc finger transcription factor family. Its transcription activation and repression functions in the nucleus are well elucidated; however its cytoplasmic inflammation function is poorly understood and may be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between AD and Miz1 expression. In the present study, the expression and distribution of Miz1 in wild-type (WT) and amyloid precursor protein/presenelin-1 (AD) mice was studied using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The results indicated that Miz1 was significantly upregulated in the cortex of AD mice (P<0.05). Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed that Miz1 protein was predominantly expressed in neurons and astrocytes, as evidenced by co-localization with the dendritic markers microtubule associated protein 2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the expression of Miz1 in the brain tissue of AD mice may serve an important role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Hu LT, Zhu BL, Lai YJ, Long Y, Zha JS, Hu XT, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. HMGCS2 promotes autophagic degradation of the amyloid-β precursor protein through ketone body-mediated mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:492-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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