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Guan Z, Pang L, Ouyang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Li Z, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Ma Z, Wei J. Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load in Glaesserella-parasuis-Infected Piglets. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050365. [PMID: 37235448 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (Gps), Gram-negative bacteria, are a universal respiratory-disease-causing pathogen in swine that colonize the upper respiratory tract. Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2HP-PRRSV2) and Gps coinfections are epidemics in China, but little is known about the influence of concurrent coinfection on disease severity and inflammatory responses. Herein, we studied the effects of secondary HP-PRRS infection on clinical symptoms, pathological changes, pathogen load, and inflammatory response of Gps coinfection in the upper respiratory tract of piglets. All coinfected piglets (HP-PRRSV2 + Gps) displayed fever and severe lesions in the lungs, while fever was present in only a few animals with a single infection (HP-PRRSV2 or Gps). Additionally, HP-PRRSV2 and Gps loading in nasal swabs and blood and lung tissue samples was significantly increased in the coinfected group. Necropsy data showed that coinfected piglets suffered from severe lung damage and had significantly higher antibody titers of HP-PRRSV2 or Gps than single-infected piglets. Moreover, the serum and lung concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) were also significantly higher in coinfected piglets than in those infected with HP-PRRSV2 or Gps alone. In conclusion, our results show that HP-PRRSV2 promotes the shedding and replication of Gps, and their coinfection in the upper respiratory tract aggravates the clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses, causing lung damage. Therefore, in the unavoidable situation of Gps infection in piglets, necessary measures must be made to prevent and control secondary infection with HP-PRRSV2, which can save huge economic losses to the pork industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Linlin Pang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Agriculture, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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You X, Li G, Lei Y, Xu Z, Zhang P, Yang Y. Role of genetic factors in different swine breeds exhibiting varying levels of resistance/susceptibility to PRRSV. Virus Res 2023; 326:199057. [PMID: 36731630 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an economically significant contagious disease. Traditional approaches based on vaccines or medicines were challenging to control PRRSV due to the diversity of viruses. Different breeds of pigs infected with PRRSV have been reported to have different immune responses. However, due to the complexity of interaction mechanism between host and PRRSV, the genetic mechanism leading to PRRSV susceptibility/resistance in various pig breeds is still unclear. Herein, the role of host genetic components in PRRSV susceptibility is systematically described, and the molecular mechanisms by which host genetic factors such as SNPs, cytokines, receptor molecules, intestinal flora, and non-coding RNAs regulate PRRSV susceptibility/resistance. Therefore, improving the resistance to disease of individual animals through disease-resistance breeding technology is of profound significance for uplifting the sustainable and healthy development of the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin You
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Gan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ying Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiqian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Youbing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Dong Q, Dunkelberger J, Lim KS, Lunney JK, Tuggle CK, Rowland RRR, Dekkers JCM. Associations of natural variation in the CD163 and other candidate genes on host response of nursery pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6376573. [PMID: 34570877 PMCID: PMC8557627 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs with complete resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) have been produced by genetically knocking out the CD163 gene that encodes a receptor of the PRRSV for entry into macrophages. The objectives of this study were to evaluate associations of naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD163 gene and in three other candidate genes (CD169, RGS16, and TRAF1) with host response to PRRSV-only infection and to PRRS vaccination and PRRSV/porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b) coinfection. SNPs in the CD163 gene were not included on SNP genotyping panels that were used for previous genome-wide association analyses of these data. An additional objective was to identify the potential genetic interaction of variants at these four candidate genes with a mutation in the GBP5 gene that was previously identified to be associated with host response to PRRSV infection. Finally, the association of SNPs with expression level of the nearby gene was tested. Several SNPs in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes were significantly associated with host response under PRRSV-only and/or PRRSV/PCV2b coinfection. The effects of all SNPs that were significant in the PRRSV-only infection trials depend on genetic background. The effects of some SNPs in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes depend on genotype at the putative causative mutation in the GBP5 gene, which indicates a potential biological interaction of these genes with GBP5. In addition, genome-wide association results for the PRRSV-only infection trials revealed that SNPs located in the CDK5RAP2 or MEGF9 genes, near the TRAF1 gene, had suggestive effects on PRRS viral load, which indicates that these SNPs might contribute to PRRSV neuropathogenesis. In conclusion, natural genetic variants in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes are associated with resistance to PRRSV and/or PCV2b infection and appear to interact with the resistance quantitative trait locus in the GBP5 gene. The identified SNPs can be used to select for increased natural resistance to PRRSV and/or PRRSV-PCV2b coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jenelle Dunkelberger
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,Topigs Norsvin USA, Burnsville, MN 55337, USA
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Raymond R R Rowland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Hickmann FMW, Braccini Neto J, Kramer LM, Huang Y, Gray KA, Dekkers JCM, Sanglard LP, Serão NVL. Host Genetics of Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in Sows: Reproductive Performance. Front Genet 2021; 12:707870. [PMID: 34422010 PMCID: PMC8371709 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.707870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is historically the most economically important swine disease worldwide that severely affects the reproductive performance of sows. However, little is still known about the genetic basis of reproductive performance in purebred herds during a PRRS outbreak through the comparison of maternal and terminal breeds. Thus, the objective of this work was to explore the host genetics of response to PRRS in purebred sows from two breeds. Reproductive data included 2546 Duroc and 2522 Landrace litters from 894 and 813 purebred sows, respectively, which had high-density genotype data available (29,799 single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs). The data were split into pre-PRRS, PRRS, and post-PRRS phases based on standardized farrow-year-week estimates. Heritability estimates for reproductive traits were low to moderate (≤0.20) for Duroc and Landrace across PRRS phases. On the other hand, genetic correlations of reproductive traits between PRRS phases were overall moderate to high for both breeds. Several associations between MARC0034894, a candidate SNP for response to PRRS, with reproductive performance were identified (P-value < 0.05). Genomic analyses detected few QTL for reproductive performance across all phases, most explaining a small percentage of the additive genetic variance (≤8.2%, averaging 2.1%), indicating that these traits are highly polygenic. None of the identified QTL within a breed and trait overlapped between PRRS phases. Overall, our results indicate that Duroc sows are phenotypically more resilient to PRRS than Landrace sows, with a similar return to PRRS-free performance between breeds for most reproductive traits. Genomic prediction results indicate that genomic selection for improved reproductive performance under a PRRS outbreak is possible, especially in Landrace sows, by training markers using data from PRRS-challenged sows. On the other hand, the high genetic correlations with reproductive traits between PRRS phases suggest that selection for improved reproductive performance in a clean environment could improve performance during PRRS, but with limited efficiency due to their low heritability estimates. Thus, we hypothesize that an indicator trait that could be indirectly selected to increase the response to selection for these traits would be desirable and would also improve the reproductive performance of sows during a PRRS outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M. W. Hickmann
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Braccini Neto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luke M. Kramer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yijian Huang
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kent A. Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jack C. M. Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Leticia P. Sanglard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nick V. L. Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Borey M, Blanc F, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Jardet D, Rossignol MN, Ravon L, Billon Y, Bernard M, Estellé J, Rogel-Gaillard C. Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:92. [PMID: 34294732 PMCID: PMC8298503 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the associations between fecal microbiota and vaccine response variability in pigs, using 98 piglets vaccinated against the influenza A virus at 28 days of age (D28) with a booster at D49. Immune response to the vaccine is measured at D49, D56, D63, and D146 by serum levels of IAV-specific IgG and assays of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Analysis of the pre-vaccination microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA reveals a higher vaccine response in piglets with a richer microbiota, and shows that 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are differentially abundant between high and low IAV-specific IgG producers at D63. A stronger immune response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella and family Muribaculaceae, and a weaker response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genera Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. A set of 81 OTUs accurately predicts IAV-specific IgG and HAI titer levels at all time points, highlighting early and late associations between pre-vaccination fecal microbiota composition and immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Borey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Deborah Jardet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Maria Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Blanc F, Maroilley T, Revilla M, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Billon Y, Ravon L, Bouchez O, Bidanel JP, Bed'Hom B, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Estellé J, Rogel-Gaillard C. Influence of genetics and the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome on the variability of antibody levels after vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:24. [PMID: 33731010 PMCID: PMC7972226 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of individual genetic and genomic variations on immune responses is an emerging lever investigated in vaccination strategies. In our study, we used genetic and pre-vaccination blood transcriptomic data to study vaccine effectiveness in pigs. Results A cohort of 182 Large White pigs was vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) at weaning (28 days of age), with a booster 21 days later. Vaccine response was assessed by measuring seric M. hyo antibodies (Ab) at 0 (vaccination day), 21 (booster day), 28, 35, and 118 days post-vaccination (dpv). Inter-individual variability of M. hyo Ab levels was observed at all time points and the corresponding heritabilities ranged from 0.46 to 0.57. Ab persistence was higher in females than in males. Genome-wide association studies with a 658 K SNP panel revealed two genomic regions associated with variations of M. hyo Ab levels at 21 dpv at positions where immunity-related genes have been mapped, DAB2IP on chromosome 1, and ASAP1, CYRIB and GSDMC on chromosome 4. We studied covariations of Ab responses with the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome obtained by RNA-Seq for a subset of 82 pigs. Weighted gene correlation network and differential expression analyses between pigs that differed in Ab responses highlighted biological functions that were enriched in heme biosynthesis and platelet activation for low response at 21 dpv, innate antiviral immunity and dendritic cells for high response at 28 and 35 dpv, and cell adhesion and extracellular matrix for high response at 118 dpv. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 101 genes that efficiently predicted divergent responders at all time points. We found weak negative correlations of M. hyo Ab levels with body weight traits, which revealed a trade-off that needs to be further explored. Conclusions We confirmed the influence of the host genetics on vaccine effectiveness to M. hyo and provided evidence that the pre-vaccination blood transcriptome co-varies with the Ab response. Our results highlight that both genetic markers and blood biomarkers could be used as potential predictors of vaccine response levels and more studies are required to assess whether they can be exploited in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Blanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Tatiana Maroilley
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Manuel Revilla
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Bidanel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Boyd RD, Zier-Rush CE, Moeser AJ, Culbertson M, Stewart KR, Rosero DS, Patience JF. Review: innovation through research in the North American pork industry. Animal 2019; 13:2951-2966. [PMID: 31426881 PMCID: PMC6874321 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article involved a broad search of applied sciences for milestone technologies we deem to be the most significant innovations applied by the North American pork industry, during the past 10 to 12 years. Several innovations shifted the trajectory of improvement or resolved significant production limitations. Each is being integrated into practice, with the exception being gene editing technology, which is undergoing the federal approval process. Advances in molecular genomics have been applied to gene editing for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and to identify piglet genome contributions from each parent. Post-cervical artificial insemination technology is not novel, but this technology is now used extensively to accelerate the rate of genetic progress. A milestone was achieved with the discovery that dietary essential fatty acids, during lactation, were limiting reproduction. Their provision resulted in a dose-related response for pregnancy, pregnancy maintenance and litter size, especially in maturing sows and ultimately resolved seasonal infertility. The benefit of segregated early weaning (12 to 14 days of age) was realized for specific pathogen removal for genetic nucleus and multiplication. Application was premature for commercial practice, as piglet mortality and morbidity increased. Early weaning impairs intestinal barrier and mucosal innate immune development, which coincides with diminished resilience to pathogens and viability later in life. Two important milestones were achieved to improve precision nutrition for growing pigs. The first involved the updated publication of the National Research Council nutrient requirements for pigs, a collaboration between scientists from America and Canada. Precision nutrition advanced further when ingredient description, for metabolically available amino acids and net energy (by source plant), became a private sector nutrition product. The past decade also led to fortuitous discoveries of health-improving components in ingredients (xylanase, soybeans). Finally, two technologies converged to facilitate timely detection of multiple pathogens in a population: oral fluids sampling and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pathogen analysis. Most critical diseases in North America are now routinely monitored by oral fluid sampling and prepared for analysis using PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Boyd
- Hanor Company, 128 W KY Ave, Franklin, KY 42134, USA
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - C. E. Zier-Rush
- Rush Consulting, 373 Saint Martin Cir, Richmond Hill, GA 31324, USA
| | - A. J. Moeser
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - M. Culbertson
- Global Product Development, Genus PIC USA, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - K. R. Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S Russell St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - D. S. Rosero
- The Hanor Company, 4005 E. Owen K. Garriott, Enid, OK 73701, USA
| | - J. F. Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 1221 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Hu S, Zuo H, Qi J, Hu Y, Yu B. Analysis of Effect of Schisandra in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Based on Three-Mode Gene Ontology Network. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 30949047 PMCID: PMC6435518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been widely used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in China. However, it has been difficult to systematically clarify the major pharmacological effect of Schisandra, due to its multi-component complex mechanism. In order to solve this problem, a comprehensive network analysis method was established based-on “component–gene ontology–effect” interactions. Through the network analysis, reduction of cardiac preload and myocardial contractility was shown to be the major effect of Schisandra components, which was further experimentally validated. In addition, the expression of NCOR2 and NFAT in myocyte were experimentally confirmed to be associated with Schisandra in the treatment of AMI, which may be responsible for the preservation effect of myocardial contractility. In conclusion, the three-mode gene ontology network can be an effective network analysis workflow to evaluate the pharmacological effects of a multi-drug complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Kramer LM, Mayes MS, Downey ED, Tait RG, Woolums A, Chase C, Reecy JM. Genome-wide association study for response to vaccination in Angus calves 1. BMC Genet 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 30621575 PMCID: PMC6325805 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is one of the most important sources of loss within the beef cattle industry in the USA. Steps have been taken to reduce the incidence of BRDC through vaccination. Despite the effectiveness of vaccines, large proportions of cattle still experience morbidity and mortality. Identification of genomic regions that are associated with variation in response to vaccination would allow for the selection of individuals genetically predisposed to respond to vaccination based on specific markers, while heritability and accuracy estimates would help facilitate genomic selection. This in turn may lead to selection for beef cattle herds that may have lower incidence rate of BRDC after vaccination. This study utilizes an Angus herd of more than 2000 head of cattle to identify these regions of association. Results Genome wide association studies were performed for viral neutralization antibody level and response to vaccination traits against four different viruses associated with BRDC: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV1 and BVDV2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine herpesvirus (BHV1). A total of six 1-Mb windows were associated with greater than 1% of the genetic variance for the analyzed vaccination response traits. Heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.21 and prediction accuracy ranged from 0.01 to 0.33 across 7 different vaccination traits. Conclusions Although six 1-Mb windows were identified as associated with 1% or greater genetic variance for viral neutralization antibody level and response to vaccination traits, few genes around these windows could readily be considered candidates. This indicates the need for further functional genomic annotation, as these regions appear to be gene deserts. Traits ranged from lowly to moderately heritable, which indicated the potential for selection of individuals that are genetically pre-disposed to respond to vaccination. The relatively low amount of genetic variance accounted for by any 1-Mb window indicated that viral neutralization antibody level and response to vaccination traits are polygenic in nature. Selection for these traits is possible, but likely to be slow due to the low heritabilities and absence of markers with high genetic variation associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kramer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - M S Mayes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - E D Downey
- Elanco Animal Health, Larchwood, IA, 51241, USA
| | - R G Tait
- Neogen GeneSeek Operations, Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
| | - A Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - C Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA
| | - J M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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