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Shi J, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Yang H, Wang C, Xia J, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang Z, Xu S, Zhang Y. Preferentially expressed endosperm genes reveal unique activities in wheat endosperm during grain filling. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:795. [PMID: 39174916 PMCID: PMC11340063 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm contains starch and proteins, which determine the final yield, quality, and nutritional value of wheat grain. The preferentially expressed endosperm genes can precisely provide targets in the endosperm for improving wheat grain quality and nutrition using modern bioengineering technologies. However, the genes specifically expressed in developing endosperms remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, 315 preferentially expressed endosperm genes (PEEGs) in the spring wheat landrace, Chinese Spring, were screened using data obtained from an open bioinformatics database, which reveals a unique grain reserve deposition process and special signal transduction in a developing wheat endosperm. Furthermore, transcription and accumulation of storage proteins in the wheat cultivar, XC26 were evaluated. The results revealed that 315 PEEG plays a critical role in storage protein fragment deposition and is a potential candidate for modifying grain quality and nutrition. CONCLUSION These results provide new insights into endosperm development and candidate genes and promoters for improving wheat grain quality through genetic engineering and plant breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology/Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Jianqiang Xia
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhun Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
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Drapal M, Gerrish C, Fraser PD. Changes in carbon allocation and subplastidal amyloplast structures of specialised Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) storage root phenotypes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113409. [PMID: 36049525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Low and Medium Income countries remains a major health concern. Ipomoea batatas, orange sweet potato (OSP), is one of the biofortification solutions being implemented by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to combat VAD. However, high provitamin A (β-carotene) content has been associated with a reduction in dry matter, reducing calorific value and having adverse effects on consumer traits. Both starch and carotenoid formation are located in amyloplasts and could potentially compete for the same precursors. Hence, five different sweet potato storage root phenotypes were characterized through spatial metabolomics and proteomics at the sub-plastidal level. The metabolite data suggested an indirect correlation of starch and carotenoids through the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, a change in lipid composition was observed to accommodate the storage of carotenoids in the hydrophilic environment of the amyloplast. The data suggests an alteration of cellular ultra-structures and perturbation of metabolism in high β-carotene producing sweet potato roots. This corroborates with previous gene expression analysis through biochemical analysis of sweet potato root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gerrish
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom.
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Li Y, Jian Y, Mao Y, Meng F, Shao Z, Wang T, Zheng J, Wang Q, Liu L. "Omics" insights into plastid behavior toward improved carotenoid accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001756. [PMID: 36275568 PMCID: PMC9583013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are a group of diverse organelles with conserved carotenoids synthesizing and sequestering functions in plants. They optimize the carotenoid composition and content in response to developmental transitions and environmental stimuli. In this review, we describe the turbulence and reforming of transcripts, proteins, and metabolic pathways for carotenoid metabolism and storage in various plastid types upon organogenesis and external influences, which have been studied using approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. Meanwhile, the coordination of plastid signaling and carotenoid metabolism including the effects of disturbed carotenoid biosynthesis on plastid morphology and function are also discussed. The "omics" insight extends our understanding of the interaction between plastids and carotenoids and provides significant implications for designing strategies for carotenoid-biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Sun L, Han P, Bai X, Lin R, Xiao K. The N uptake-associated physiological processes at late growth stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under N deprivation combined with deficit irrigation condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:160-172. [PMID: 33991861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating physiological mechanisms underlying the plant N uptake benefits breeding of high N use efficiency (NUE) crop cultivars. In this study, we investigated the growth and N uptake-associated processes in wheat under N deprivation and deficit irrigation, using two contrasting NUE cultivars. Compared with sufficient-N (SN), deficient-N (DN) treatment reduced plant biomass, N accumulation, and yields in two cultivars (high NUE Shinong 086 and N deprivation-sensitive Jimai 585), suggesting that N deprivation negatively regulates plant growth and N uptake. Shinong 086 was better on growth and N uptake-associated traits than Jimai 585 due to the improved root biomass across soil profile, which was consistent with the decrease of available N contents in soil layers. These results suggested that the improved root system architecture (RAS) enhances plant acquirement for soil N under N- and water-deprivation condition, contributing to the plant N uptake and yield formation capacities. Transcriptome investigation revealed that numerous genes were differentially expressed (DE) in the N-deprived Shinong 086 plants, which involve the regulation of complicate biochemical pathways. These results suggested that the modified RAS and N uptake in high NUE plants are accomplished underlying the regulation of numerous DE genes. TaWRKY20, a gene in ZFP transcription factor family, was functionally characterized for the role in mediating plant N uptake. Overexpression of it conferred plants improved growth and N uptake under DN due to its regulation on TaNRT2.1 and TaNRT2.2, two nitrate transporter genes. Our investigation provides insights in high NUE mechanisms in wheat under N deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Liyong Sun
- Collaboration and Innovation Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Peng Han
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xinyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Ruize Lin
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Rödiger A, Agne B, Dobritzsch D, Helm S, Müller F, Pötzsch N, Baginsky S. Chromoplast differentiation in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1431-1442. [PMID: 33258209 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report here a detailed analysis of the proteome adjustments that accompany chromoplast differentiation from chloroplasts during bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit ripening. While the two photosystems are disassembled and their constituents degraded, the cytochrome b6 f complex, the ATPase complex, and Calvin cycle enzymes are maintained at high levels up to fully mature chromoplasts. This is also true for ferredoxin (Fd) and Fd-dependent NADP reductase, suggesting that ferredoxin retains a central role in the chromoplasts' redox metabolism. There is a significant increase in the amount of enzymes of the typical metabolism of heterotrophic plastids, such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. Enzymes of chlorophyll catabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis increase in abundance, supporting the pigment reorganization that goes together with chromoplast differentiation. The majority of plastid encoded proteins decline but constituents of the plastid ribosome and AccD increase in abundance. Furthermore, the amount of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) remains unchanged despite a significant increase in phytoene desaturase (PDS) levels, suggesting that the electrons from phytoene desaturation are consumed by another oxidase. This may be a particularity of non-climacteric fruits such as bell pepper that lack a respiratory burst at the onset of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rödiger
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Biochemistry of Plants, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birgit Agne
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Biochemistry of Plants, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Dobritzsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Helm
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fränze Müller
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Pötzsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Biochemistry of Plants, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Rehman S, Jørgensen B, Aziz E, Batool R, Naseer S, Rasmussen SK. Genome Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of the Serpin Gene Family in Brachypodium and Barley. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111439. [PMID: 33114466 PMCID: PMC7692276 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serpins (serine protease inhibitors) constitute one of the largest and most widely distributed superfamilies of protease inhibitors and have been identified in nearly all organisms. To gain significant insights, a comprehensive in silico analysis of the serpin gene family was carried out in the model plant for temperate grasses Brachypodium distachyon and barley Hordeum vulgare using bioinformatic tools at the genome level for the first time. We identified a total of 27 BdSRPs and 25 HvSRP genes in Brachypodium and barley, respectively, showing an unexpectedly high gene number in these model plants. Gene structure, conserved motifs and phylogenetic comparisons of serpin genes supported the role of duplication events in the expansion and evolution of serpin gene family. Further, purifying selection pressure was found to be a main driving force in the evolution of serpin genes. Genome synteny analysis indicated that BdSRP genes were present in syntenic regions of barley, rice, sorghum and maize, suggesting that they evolved before the divergence of these species from common ancestor. The distinct expression pattern in specific tissues further suggested a specialization of functions during development and in plant defense. These results suggest that the LR serpins (serpins with Leu-Arg residues at P2-P1') identified here can be utilized as candidates for exploitation in disease resistance, pest control and preventing stress-induced cell death. Additionally, serpins were identified that could lead to further research aimed at validating and functionally characterizing the role of potential serpin genes from other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi 46200, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Govt. Gordon College Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College Khanpur, Haripur 22650, Pakistan;
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Samar Naseer
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Søren K. Rasmussen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.K.R.)
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Du C, Gao H, Liu S, Ma D, Feng J, Wang C, Jiang X, Li G, Xie Y. Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of the galactolipid biosynthetic gene TaMGD in wheat grain. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:66-74. [PMID: 32526612 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), the main component of the plastid membrane, is essential for chloroplast photosynthesis; however, little information is available about the function of MGDG synthases gene (TaMGD) in wheat grain. In this manuscript, three homologous genes were identified in wheat grain, and their functions were investigated by gene silencing and overexpression techniques. Three TaMGD homologous genes, TaMGD-6A, -6B, and -6D, located on chromosome 6A, 6B, and 6D, respectively, were isolated from common wheat. The transcription of TaMGD was detected in stems, roots, leaves and grains, and high levels of gene transcripts were detected in stems and leaves. Silencing of TaMGD in common wheat spikes resulted in a decrease in grain weight and starch content, and proteomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly included carbohydrate metabolism- and nucleic acid-related proteins. In comparison with wild-type, transgenic rice plants overexpressing TaMGD-6A and -6D showed an increase in thousand kernel weight, as well as an increase in the expression level of genes related to starch biosynthesis, whereas transgenic rice plants overexpressing TaMGD-6B showed increased grain yield and grain number per spike. The results of gene silencing and overexpression indicated that TaMGD plays an important role in wheat grain weight, which might be associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Hence, this study provides new insights regarding the role of TaMGD in wheat grain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Du
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Honghuan Gao
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sujun Liu
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dongyun Ma
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jianchao Feng
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueli Jiang
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gezi Li
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Sun CQ, Chen FD, Teng NJ, Yao YM, Shan X, Dai ZL. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of low pollen-pistil compatibility during water lily cross breeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:542. [PMID: 31805858 PMCID: PMC6896271 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In water lily (Nymphaea) hybrid breeding, breeders often encounter non-viable seeds, which make it difficult to transfer desired or targeted genes of different Nymphaea germplasm. We found that pre-fertilization barriers were the main factor in the failure of the hybridization of Nymphaea. The mechanism of low compatibility between the pollen and stigma remains unclear; therefore, we studied the differences of stigma transcripts and proteomes at 0, 2, and 6 h after pollination (HAP). Moreover, some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea were identified. RESULTS RNA-seq was performed for three comparisons (2 vs 0 HAP, 6 vs 2 HAP, 6 vs 0 HAP), and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 8789 (4680 were up-regulated), 6401 (3020 were up-regulated), and 11,284 (6148 were up-regulated), respectively. Using label-free analysis, 75 (2 vs 0 HAP) proteins (43 increased and 32 decreased), nine (6 vs 2 HAP) proteins (three increased and six decreased), and 90 (6 vs 0 HAP) proteins (52 increased and 38 decreased) were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism, hydrogen peroxide decomposition and metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, secondary metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes, incuding those in ROS metabolism, biosynthesis of flavonoids, SAM metabolism, cell wall organization or biogenesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis that warrant further study in investigations of the pollen-stigma interaction of water lily. This study strengthens our understanding of the mechanism of low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea at the molecular level, and provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the pre-fertilization barriers in Nymphaea in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Sun
- Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Hilly Areas, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Fa-Di Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Nian-Jun Teng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue-Mei Yao
- Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Hilly Areas, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Xi Shan
- Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Hilly Areas, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Dai
- Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Hilly Areas, Jurong, 212400, China.
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