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Grace Barrios-Gutiérrez S, Inés Vélez-Mercado M, Rodrigues Ortega J, da Silva Lima A, Luiza da Rocha Fortes Saraiva A, Leila Berto G, Segato F. Oxidative Machinery of basidiomycetes as potential enhancers in lignocellulosic biorefineries: A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129481. [PMID: 37437815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Basidiomycetes are renowned as highly effective decomposers of plant materials, due to their extensive array of oxidative enzymes, which enable them to efficiently break down complex lignocellulosic biomass structures. Among the oxidative machinery of industrially relevant basidiomycetes, the role of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) in lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction is highlighted. So far, only a limited number of basidiomycetes LPMOs have been identified and heterologously expressed. These LPMOs have presented activity on cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as participation in the deconstruction of lignin. Expanding on this, the current review proposes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms of LPMOs for biomass conversion, considering the significance of the Carbohydrate-Binding Modules and other C-terminal regions domains associated with their structure, which is involved in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Grace Barrios-Gutiérrez
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha Inés Vélez-Mercado
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rodrigues Ortega
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Awana da Silva Lima
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza da Rocha Fortes Saraiva
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Leila Berto
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Tuveng TR, Østby H, Tamburrini KC, Bissaro B, Hegnar OA, Stepnov AA, Várnai A, Berrin JG, Eijsink VGH. Revisiting the AA14 family of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and their catalytic activity. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2086-2102. [PMID: 37418595 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) belonging to the AA14 family are believed to contribute to the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass by specifically acting on xylan in recalcitrant cellulose-xylan complexes. Functional characterization of an AA14 LPMO from Trichoderma reesei, TrAA14A, and a re-evaluation of the properties of the previously described AA14 from Pycnoporus coccineus, PcoAA14A, showed that these proteins have oxidase and peroxidase activities that are common for LPMOs. However, we were not able to detect activity on cellulose-associated xylan or any other tested polysaccharide substrate, meaning that the substrate of these enzymes remains unknown. Next to raising questions regarding the true nature of AA14 LPMOs, the present data illustrate possible pitfalls in the functional characterization of these intriguing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina R Tuveng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Heidi Østby
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ketty C Tamburrini
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Olav A Hegnar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Anton A Stepnov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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3
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Monschein M, Ioannou E, Koitto T, Al Amin LAKM, Varis JJ, Wagner ER, Mikkonen KS, Cosgrove DJ, Master ER. Loosenin-Like Proteins from Phanerochaete carnosa Impact Both Cellulose and Chitin Fiber Networks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0186322. [PMID: 36645281 PMCID: PMC9888185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01863-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial expansin-related proteins are ubiquitous across bacterial and fungal organisms and reportedly play a role in the modification and deconstruction of cell wall polysaccharides, including lignocellulose. So far, very few microbial expansin-related proteins, including loosenins and loosenin-like (LOOL) proteins, have been functionally characterized. Herein, four LOOLs encoded by Phanerochaete carnosa and belonging to different subfamilies (i.e., PcaLOOL7 and PcaLOOL9 from subfamily A and PcaLOOL2 and PcaLOOL12 from subfamily B) were recombinantly produced and the purified proteins were characterized using diverse cellulose and chitin substrates. The purified PcaLOOLs weakened cellulose filter paper and cellulose nanofibril networks (CNF); however, none significantly boosted cellulase activity on the selected cellulose substrates (Avicel and Whatman paper). Although fusing the family 63 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM63) of BsEXLX1 encoded by Bacillus subtilis to PcaLOOLs increased their binding to cellulose, the CBM63 fusion appeared to reduce the cellulose filter paper weakening observed using wild-type proteins. Binding of PcaLOOLs to alpha-chitin was considerably higher than that to cellulose (Avicel) and was pH dependent, with the highest binding at pH 5.0. Amendment of certain PcaLOOLs in fungal liquid cultivations also impacted the density of the cultivated mycelia. The present study reveals the potential of fungal expansin-related proteins to impact both cellulose and chitin networks and points to a possible biological role in fungal cell wall processing. IMPORTANCE The present study deepens investigations of microbial expansin-related proteins and their applied significance by (i) reporting a detailed comparison of diverse loosenins encoded by the same organism, (ii) considering both cellulosic and chitin-containing materials as targeted substrates, and (iii) investigating the impact of the C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) present in other expansin-related proteins on loosenin function. By revealing the potential of fungal loosenins to impact both cellulose and chitin-containing networks, our study reveals a possible biological and applied role of loosenins in fungal cell wall processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Monschein
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eleni Ioannou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Taru Koitto
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jutta J. Varis
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward R. Wagner
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel J. Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Plant-derived biomass is the most abundant biogenic carbon source on Earth. Despite this, only a small clade of organisms known as white-rot fungi (WRF) can efficiently break down both the polysaccharide and lignin components of plant cell walls. This unique ability imparts a key role for WRF in global carbon cycling and highlights their potential utilization in diverse biotechnological applications. To date, research on WRF has primarily focused on their extracellular ‘digestive enzymes’ whereas knowledge of their intracellular metabolism remains underexplored. Systems biology is a powerful approach to elucidate biological processes in numerous organisms, including WRF. Thus, here we review systems biology methods applied to WRF to date, highlight observations related to their intracellular metabolism, and conduct comparative extracellular proteomic analyses to establish further correlations between WRF species, enzymes, and cultivation conditions. Lastly, we discuss biotechnological opportunities of WRF as well as challenges and future research directions.
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Tamburrini KC, Terrapon N, Lombard V, Bissaro B, Longhi S, Berrin JG. Bioinformatic Analysis of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Reveals the Pan-Families Occurrence of Intrinsically Disordered C-Terminal Extensions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1632. [PMID: 34827630 PMCID: PMC8615602 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes secreted by many organisms and viruses. LPMOs catalyze the oxidative cleavage of different types of polysaccharides and are today divided into eight families (AA9-11, AA13-17) within the Auxiliary Activity enzyme class of the CAZy database. LPMOs minimal architecture encompasses a catalytic domain, to which can be appended a carbohydrate-binding module. Intriguingly, we observed that some LPMO sequences also display a C-terminal extension of varying length not associated with any known function or fold. Here, we analyzed 27,060 sequences from different LPMO families and show that 60% have a C-terminal extension predicted to be intrinsically disordered. Our analysis shows that these disordered C-terminal regions (dCTRs) are widespread in all LPMO families (except AA13) and differ in terms of sequence length and amino-acid composition. Noteworthily, these dCTRs have so far only been observed in LPMOs. LPMO-dCTRs share a common polyampholytic nature and an enrichment in serine and threonine residues, suggesting that they undergo post-translational modifications. Interestingly, dCTRs from AA11 and AA15 are enriched in redox-sensitive, conditionally disordered regions. The widespread occurrence of dCTRs in LPMOs from evolutionarily very divergent organisms, hints at a possible functional role and opens new prospects in the field of LPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketty C. Tamburrini
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.C.T.); (N.T.); (V.L.)
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1163, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.C.T.); (N.T.); (V.L.)
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), USC 1408, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lombard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.C.T.); (N.T.); (V.L.)
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), USC 1408, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1163, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.C.T.); (N.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1163, 13288 Marseille, France;
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6
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Daou M, Bisotto A, Haon M, Oliveira Correia L, Cottyn B, Drula E, Garajová S, Bertrand E, Record E, Navarro D, Raouche S, Baumberger S, Faulds CB. A Putative Lignin Copper Oxidase from Trichoderma reesei. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080643. [PMID: 34436182 PMCID: PMC8400822 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Trichoderma reesei, a fungus widely used for the commercial production of hemicellulases and cellulases, to grow and modify technical soda lignin was investigated. By quantifying fungal genomic DNA, T. reesei showed growth and sporulation in solid and liquid cultures containing lignin alone. The analysis of released soluble lignin and residual insoluble lignin was indicative of enzymatic oxidative conversion of phenolic lignin side chains and the modification of lignin structure by cleaving the β-O-4 linkages. The results also showed that polymerization reactions were taking place. A proteomic analysis conducted to investigate secreted proteins at days 3, 7, and 14 of growth revealed the presence of five auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes in the secretome: AA6, AA9, two AA3 enzymes), and the only copper radical oxidase encoded in the genome of T. reesei. This enzyme was heterologously produced and characterized, and its activity on lignin-derived molecules was investigated. Phylogenetic characterization demonstrated that this enzyme belonged to the AA5_1 family, which includes characterized glyoxal oxidases. However, the enzyme displayed overlapping physicochemical and catalytic properties across the AA5 family. The enzyme was remarkably stable at high pH and oxidized both, alcohols and aldehydes with preference to the alcohol group. It was also active on lignin-derived phenolic molecules as well as simple carbohydrates. HPSEC and LC-MS analyses on the reactions of the produced protein on lignin dimers (SS ββ, SS βO4 and GG β5) uncovered the polymerizing activity of this enzyme, which was accordingly named lignin copper oxidase (TrLOx). Polymers of up 10 units were formed by hydroxy group oxidation and radical formation. The activations of lignin molecules by TrLOx along with the co-secretion of this enzyme with reductases and FAD flavoproteins oxidoreductases during growth on lignin suggest a synergistic mechanism for lignin breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Daou
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO Platform, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Elodie Drula
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Soňa Garajová
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Eric Record
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - David Navarro
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- CIRM-CF BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sana Raouche
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Manavalan T, Stepnov AA, Hegnar OA, Eijsink VGH. Sugar oxidoreductases and LPMOs - two sides of the same polysaccharide degradation story? Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108350. [PMID: 34049079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose and their discovery has revolutionized our understanding of enzymatic biomass conversion. The discovery of LPMOs raises interesting new questions regarding the roles of other oxidoreductases and abiotic redox processes in biomass conversion. LPMOs need reducing power and an oxygen co-substrate and biomass degrading ecosystems contain a multitude of redox enzymes that affect the availability of both. For example, biomass degrading fungi produce multiple sugar oxidoreductases whose biological functions so far have remained somewhat enigmatic. It is now conceivable that these redox enzymes, in particular H2O2-producing sugar oxidases, could play a role in fueling and controlling LPMO reactions. Here, we shortly review contemporary issues in the LPMO field, paying particular attention to the possible roles of sugar oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilvendan Manavalan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Science, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anton A Stepnov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Science, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Olav A Hegnar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Science, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Science, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
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8
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Frandsen KEH, Haon M, Grisel S, Henrissat B, Lo Leggio L, Berrin JG. Identification of the molecular determinants driving the substrate specificity of fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100086. [PMID: 33199373 PMCID: PMC7949027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding enzymatic breakdown of plant biomass is crucial to develop nature-inspired biotechnological processes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are microbial enzymes secreted by fungal saprotrophs involved in carbon recycling. LPMOs modify biomass by oxidatively cleaving polysaccharides, thereby enhancing the efficiency of glycoside hydrolases. Fungal AA9 LPMOs are active on cellulose, but some members also display activity on hemicelluloses and/or oligosaccharides. Although the active site subsites are well defined for a few model LPMOs, the molecular determinants driving broad substrate specificity are still not easily predictable. Based on bioinformatic clustering and sequence alignments, we selected seven fungal AA9 LPMOs that differ in the amino-acid residues constituting their subsites. Investigation of their substrate specificities revealed that all these LPMOs are active on cellulose and cello-oligosaccharides, as well as plant cell wall-derived hemicellulosic polysaccharides, and carry out C4 oxidative cleavage. The product profiles from cello-oligosaccharide degradation suggest that the subtle differences in amino-acid sequence within the substrate-binding loop regions lead to different preferred binding modes. Our functional analyses allowed us to probe the molecular determinants of substrate binding within two AA9 LPMO subclusters. Many wood-degrading fungal species rich in AA9 genes have at least one AA9 enzyme with structural loop features that allow recognition of short β-(1,4)-linked glucan chains. Time-course monitoring of these AA9 LPMOs on cello-oligosaccharides also provides a useful model system for mechanistic studies of LPMO catalysis. These results are valuable for the understanding of LPMO contribution to wood decaying process in nature and for the development of sustainable biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian E H Frandsen
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Polytech Marseille, UMR1163 BBF, Marseille, France; Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Polytech Marseille, UMR1163 BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Polytech Marseille, UMR1163 BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; INRAE, USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France; Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Polytech Marseille, UMR1163 BBF, Marseille, France.
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9
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The 206 kbp mitochondrial genome of Phanerochaete carnosa reveals dynamics of introns, accumulation of repeat sequences and plasmid-derived genes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:209-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Genomic and Postgenomic Diversity of Fungal Plant Biomass Degradation Approaches. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:487-499. [PMID: 32396827 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant biomass degradation by fungi is a widely studied and applied field of science, due to its relevance for the global carbon cycle and many biotechnological applications. Before the genome era, many of the in-depth studies focused on a relatively small number of species, whereas now, many species can be addressed in detail, revealing the large variety in the approach used by fungi to degrade plant biomass. This variation is found at many levels and includes genomic adaptation to the preferred biomass component, but also different approaches to degrade this component by diverse sets of activities encoded in the genome. Even larger differences have been observed using transcriptome and proteome studies, even between closely related species, suggesting a high level of adaptation in individual species. A better understanding of the drivers of this diversity could be highly valuable in developing more efficient biotechnology approaches for the enzymatic conversion of plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Mattila HK, Mäkinen M, Lundell T. Hypoxia is regulating enzymatic wood decomposition and intracellular carbohydrate metabolism in filamentous white rot fungus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32123543 PMCID: PMC7038570 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal decomposition of wood is considered as a strictly aerobic process. However, recent findings on wood-decaying fungi to produce ethanol from various lignocelluloses under oxygen-depleted conditions lead us to question this. We designed gene expression study of the white rot fungus Phlebia radiata (isolate FBCC0043) by adopting comparative transcriptomics and functional genomics on solid lignocellulose substrates under varying cultivation atmospheric conditions. RESULTS Switch to fermentative conditions was a major regulator for intracellular metabolism and extracellular enzymatic degradation of wood polysaccharides. Changes in the expression profiles of CAZy (carbohydrate-active enzyme) encoding genes upon oxygen depletion, lead into an alternative wood decomposition strategy. Surprisingly, we noticed higher cellulolytic activity under fermentative conditions in comparison to aerobic cultivation. In addition, our results manifest how oxygen depletion affects over 200 genes of fungal primary metabolism including several transcription factors. We present new functions for acetate generating phosphoketolase pathway and its potential regulator, Adr1 transcription factor, in carbon catabolism under oxygen depletion. CONCLUSIONS Physiologically resilient wood-decomposing Basidiomycota species P. radiata is capable of thriving under respirative and fermentative conditions utilizing only untreated lignocellulose as carbon source. Hypoxia-response mechanism in the fungus is, however, divergent from the regulation described for Ascomycota fermenting yeasts or animal-pathogenic species of Basidiomycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kristian Mattila
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Campus, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Campus, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Present Address: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Taina Lundell
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Campus, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Mäkelä MR, Hildén K, Kowalczyk JE, Hatakka A. Progress and Research Needs of Plant Biomass Degradation by Basidiomycete Fungi. GRAND CHALLENGES IN FUNGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29541-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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