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FUJII E, HASHIMOTO H, FUKUMOTO SI, MAEDA N, HASEGAWA Y, IWASAKI T, HOSOTANI M, UEDA H, WATANABE T. Morphological and biochemical characterization of Holstein cow skin at the tail root region susceptible to Chorioptes bovis and texanus parasitism. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:877-884. [PMID: 38972752 PMCID: PMC11300133 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle mange causes extreme itchiness, and the associated stress is an animal welfare concern that leads to economic losses due to decreased cattle productivity and deworming costs. This study investigated the reason why Chorioptic mites, C. bovis and C. texanus, preferentially infest the tail root region (rTR) and performed histological and biochemical analysis focusing on the volatile components of host odors that serve as the starting point for infestation of parasitic arthropods. Skin samples were taken from the rTR, lateral abdominal, and central masseteric, with the latter two designated as comparison sites. The two and three-dimensional histological analysis measured each sebaceous and sweat gland percentage per unit volume. The q-PCR analyzed the expression levels of ALDH1A1 and LOC785756, which are genes associated with volatile odoriferous compounds that serve as repellency and attractive messengers for ticks. Immunohistochemistry stained three sites with anti-androgen binding protein beta-like (ABPβ-like), encoded by LOC785756, antibody. The three-dimensional analysis showed that sebaceous glands in the rTR tend to be more continuous and existed in larger masses than in other regions. The expression level of LOC785756 was significantly higher in the rTR, and immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of ABPβ-like in the sebaceous gland with strong positive signals in the rTR. These results suggest that C. bovis/texanus selectively infests the rTR because that skin has well-developed sebaceous glands, including a large amount of ABPβ-like, which acts as a mite attractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi FUJII
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Shikaoi Veterinary Clinic, Hokkaido NOSAI, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hotaka HASHIMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro FUKUMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoyuki MAEDA
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro HASEGAWA
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohito IWASAKI
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Marina HOSOTANI
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi UEDA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi WATANABE
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Xiong Q, Wan ATY, Liu X, Fung CSH, Xiao X, Malainual N, Hou J, Wang L, Wang M, Yang KY, Cui Y, Leung ELH, Nong W, Shin SK, Au SWN, Jeong KY, Chew FT, Hui JHL, Leung TF, Tungtrongchitr A, Zhong N, Liu Z, Tsui SKW. Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights into the Divergent Evolution of Astigmatic Mites and Household Pest Adaptations. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6582989. [PMID: 35535514 PMCID: PMC9113151 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly diversified astigmatic mites comprise many medically important human household pests such as house dust mites causing ∼1–2% of all allergic diseases globally; however, their evolutionary origin and diverse lifestyles including reversible parasitism have not been illustrated at the genomic level, which hampers allergy prevention and our exploration of these household pests. Using six high-quality assembled and annotated genomes, this study not only refuted the monophyly of mites and ticks, but also thoroughly explored the divergence of Acariformes and the diversification of astigmatic mites. In monophyletic Acariformes, Prostigmata known as notorious plant pests first evolved, and then rapidly evolving Astigmata diverged from soil oribatid mites. Within astigmatic mites, a wide range of gene families rapidly expanded via tandem gene duplications, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, triacylglycerol lipases, serine proteases and UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Gene diversification after tandem duplications provides many genetic resources for adaptation to sensing environmental signals, digestion, and detoxification in rapidly changing household environments. Many gene decay events only occurred in the skin-burrowing parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Throughout the evolution of Acariformes, massive horizontal gene transfer events occurred in gene families such as UDP glucuronosyltransferases and several important fungal cell wall lytic enzymes, which enable detoxification and digestive functions and provide perfect drug targets for pest control. This comparative study sheds light on the divergent evolution and quick adaptation to human household environments of astigmatic mites and provides insights into the genetic adaptations and even control of human household pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Tsz-Yau Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Cathy Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojun Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Nat Malainual
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jinpao Hou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Yi Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Soo-Kyung Shin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Institute of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fook-Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome Ho-Lam Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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De novo transcriptome sequencing of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, shed light on parasitiform poultry mites evolution and its chemoreceptor repertoires. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:521-535. [PMID: 35032220 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and the poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, are the most serious pests of poultry, both of which have an expanding global prevalence. Research on NFM has been constrained by a lack of genomic and transcriptomic data. Here, we report and analyze the first global transcriptome data across all mite live stages and sexes. A total of 28,999 unigenes were assembled, of which 19,750 (68.10%) were annotated using seven functional databases. The biological function of these unigenes was classified using the GO, KOG, and KEGG databases. To gain insight into the chemosensory receptor-based system of parasitiform mites, we furthermore assessed the gene repertoire of gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), both of which encode putative ligand-gated ion channel proteins. While these receptors are well characterized in insect model species, our understanding of chemosensory detection in mites and ticks is in its infancy. To address this paucity of data, we identified 9 IR/iGluRs and 2 GRs genes by analyzing transcriptome data in the NFM, while 9 GRs and 41 IR/iGluRs genes were annotated in the PRM genome. Taken together, the transcriptomic and genomic annotation of these two species provide a valuable reference for studies of parasitiform mites and also help to understand how chemosensory gene family expansion/contraction events may have been reshaped by an obligate parasitic lifestyle compared with their free-living closest relatives. Future studies should include additional species to validate this observation and functional characterization of the identified proteins as a step forward in identifying tools for controlling these poultry pests.
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Shang XF, Miao XL, Dai LX, Wang Y, Li B, Pan H, Zhang JY. Acaricidal activity of strophanthidin derivatives against Psoroptes cuniculi and their inhibitory effect on Na +-K +-ATPase. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109498. [PMID: 34139615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we found that as the active gradients of Adonis coerulea, cardenolides and cardiac glycosides presented toxicity against mites by inhibiting Na+-K+-ATPase. In this paper, after evaluating the acaricidal activity of the commercial cardiac aglycones/glycosides, serials of novel strophanthidin derivatives were designed and synthesized with an efficient and simple route under mild conditions, and their toxicity against mites, the cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect on Na+-K+-ATP enzyme in PC12 cells were investigated. Results showed among of all compounds, including 9 commercial agent and 32 synthesized strophanthidin derivatives, QXG-1 presented the strongest toxicity against mites with the LC50 value of 320.0 μg/mL. C-19 group of strophanthidin substituted with glycinemethylester would increase the toxicity against mites, and the hydroxyl group at C-5 play the vital role in terms of the toxicity. At the given concentration, QXG-1 displayed the safety against PC12 (10.0 μg/mL) in vitro and mice (3.2 mg/kg) in acute toxicity test, and strong inhibitory effect on Na+-K+-ATPase. It could be used as a promising acaricidal agent. This study lays the foundation to develop of QXG-1 as a relatively safe and alternative acaricidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lou Miao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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5
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Bartley K, Chen W, Lloyd Mills RI, Nunn F, Price DRG, Rombauts S, Van de Peer Y, Roy L, Nisbet AJ, Burgess STG. Transcriptomic analysis of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, across all stages of the lifecycle. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:248. [PMID: 33827430 PMCID: PMC8028124 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood feeding poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, causes substantial economic damage to the egg laying industry worldwide, and is a serious welfare concern for laying hens and poultry house workers. In this study we have investigated the temporal gene expression across the 6 stages/sexes (egg, larvae, protonymph and deutonymph, adult male and adult female) of this neglected parasite in order to understand the temporal expression associated with development, parasitic lifestyle, reproduction and allergen expression. RESULTS RNA-seq transcript data for the 6 stages were mapped to the PRM genome creating a publicly available gene expression atlas (on the OrcAE platform in conjunction with the PRM genome). Network analysis and clustering of stage-enriched gene expression in PRM resulted in 17 superclusters with stage-specific or multi-stage expression profiles. The 6 stage specific superclusters were clearly demarked from each other and the adult female supercluster contained the most stage specific transcripts (2725), whilst the protonymph supercluster the fewest (165). Fifteen pairwise comparisons performed between the different stages resulted in a total of 6025 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) (P > 0.99). These data were evaluated alongside a Venn/Euler analysis of the top 100 most abundant genes in each stage. An expanded set of cuticle proteins and enzymes (chitinase and metallocarboxypeptidases) were identified in larvae and underpin cuticle formation and ecdysis to the protonymph stage. Two mucin/peritrophic-A salivary proteins (DEGAL6771g00070, DEGAL6824g00220) were highly expressed in the blood-feeding stages, indicating peritrophic membrane formation during feeding. Reproduction-associated vitellogenins were the most abundant transcripts in adult females whilst, in adult males, an expanded set of serine and cysteine proteinases and an epididymal protein (DEGAL6668g00010) were highly abundant. Assessment of the expression patterns of putative homologues of 32 allergen groups from house dust mites indicated a bias in their expression towards the non-feeding larval stage of PRM. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first evaluation of temporal gene expression across all stages of PRM and has provided insight into developmental, feeding, reproduction and survival strategies employed by this mite. The publicly available PRM resource on OrcAE offers a valuable tool for researchers investigating the biology and novel interventions of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Wan Chen
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | | | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lise Roy
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
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Development of a rapid scabies immunodiagnostic assay based on transcriptomic analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei var. nyctereutis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6455. [PMID: 33742008 PMCID: PMC7979781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that affects many mammals. However, the sensitivity of traditional tests for scabies diagnosis in humans is less than 50%. To simplify the diagnosis of scabies, methods that are simple, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective are required. We developed an immunodiagnostic test based on S. scabiei var. nyctereutis RNA-seq data collected from Japanese raccoon dogs with sarcoptic mange. Three candidate antigens-a highly expressed hypothetical protein "QR98_0091190," another mite allergen known as "SMIPP-Cc," and an abundant "vitellogenin-like protein"-were evaluated by western-blot analysis. A lateral flow immunoassay, using specific antibodies against the vitellogenin-like protein, successfully detected scabies in the skin flakes of S. scabiei-infected raccoon dogs. This assay can potentially diagnose scabies more accurately in wildlife, as well as in humans.
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Gu X, Chen Y, Zhang C, Xie Y, Shen N, Wang C, Zhou X, Yang G, He R, Peng X, Yang D, He Z, Zhong Z. Molecular characterization and serodiagnostic potential of two serpin proteins in Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:620. [PMID: 33308317 PMCID: PMC7731772 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi is a common ectoparasite of wild and domestic rabbits worldwide that causes economically devastating losses in commercial rabbit husbandry and significantly affects the overall health of rabbits. Serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) is present in almost all organisms that are involved in host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory responses, and reproductive development, among others. However, very little research has been carried out on P. ovis var. cuniculi serpins. METHODS Two serpin genes of P. ovis var. cuniculi (Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 cDNAs) were cloned and molecularly characterized. The transcriptional profiles and tissue localization of these two serpins in P. ovis var. cuniculi were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The potential function of recombinant Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 (rPso c 27 and rPsoSP2) in the serodiagnosis of P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits was evaluated using a newly devleoped indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Both the 523-residue Pso c 27 and the 240-residue PsoSP2 proteins contained typical serpin domains and signatures. Both Pso c 27and PsoSP2 cDNAs were expressed throughout the life-cycle; specifically, the cDNAs showed significantly higher expression in female mites than in larva, nymph, and male mites (Pso c 27: F(3, 8) = 1935.953, P < 0.0001; PsoSP2: F(3, 8) = 660.669, P < 0.0001). The native Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 proteins localized in the ovary and mouthparts of adult female mites, respectively. Compared to rPsoSP2, rPso c 27 showed better diagnostic efficiency, with higher values of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (rPso c 27 vs rPsoSP2: 96.0 vs 90.0%; 90.91 vs 78.18%; 0.988 vs 0.964, respectively). Moreover, rPso c 27 showed seropositivity in 80% of the rabbits as early as the 2 weeks post-infestation, prior to visible clinical signs and microscopy-positive of skin scrapings. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that these two serpins may play essential roles in reproductive development, serum-feeding, and pathogenicity of P. ovis var. cuniculi. Compared to PsoSP2, Pso c 27 appears to be a potential antigen for serodiagnosis of P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits, especially at the early stage of infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Mianyang Animal Disease Control Center, Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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8
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Fernando DD, Fischer K. Proteases and pseudoproteases in parasitic arthropods of clinical importance. FEBS J 2020; 287:4284-4299. [PMID: 32893448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic arthropods feed on blood or skin tissue and share comparable repertoires of proteases involved in haematophagy, digestion, egg development and immunity. While proteolytically active proteases of multiple classes dominate, an increasing number of pseudoproteases have been discovered that have no proteolytic function but are pharmacologically active biomolecules, evolved to carry out alternative functions as regulatory, antihaemostatic, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory compounds. In this review, we provide an overview of proteases and pseudoproteases from clinically important arthropod parasites. Many of these act in central biological pathways of parasite survival and host-parasite interaction and may be potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepani Darshika Fernando
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Burgess STG, Nunn F, Bartley K, Frew D, McLean K, Inglis NF, McGeachy K, Taliansky ME, Love AJ, Nisbet AJ. Psoroptes ovis-Early Immunoreactive Protein (Pso-EIP-1) a novel diagnostic antigen for sheep scab. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12788. [PMID: 32854149 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serodiagnosis of sheep scab is an established diagnostic method and has become popular in recent years. However, the current diagnostic antigen, Pso o 2, has shown promise as a component of a recombinant vaccine for scab, making it incompatible with discriminating between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of a novel Psoroptes ovis immunodiagnostic antigen, P. ovis-Early Immunoreactive Protein-1 (Pso-EIP-1). METHODS AND RESULTS Pso-EIP-1 is a highly abundant member of a six-gene family with no known homologs, indicating its potential uniqueness to P. ovis. Expression of recombinant Pso-EIP-1 (rPso-EIP-1) required a C-terminal fusion protein for stability and specific IgG immunoreactivity against rPso-EIP-1 was observed in sheep serum from 1 to 2 weeks post-infestation, indicating its highly immunogenic nature. Two of the three in silico-predicted B-cell epitopes of Pso-EIP-1 were confirmed by in vitro epitope mapping and, in a direct comparison by ELISA, Pso-EIP-1 performed to the same levels as Pso o 2 in terms of sensitivity, specificity and ability to diagnose P. ovis on sheep within 2 weeks of infestation. CONCLUSION Pso-EIP-1 represents a novel diagnostic antigen for sheep scab with comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity to the existing Pso o 2 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kath Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Frew
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin McLean
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil F Inglis
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael E Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrew J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Cheng G, Zhang L, Wei H, Wang H, Lu J, Yu S. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Gene Expression Pattern Associated with Fuzz Fiber Initiation Induced by High Temperature in Gossypium barbadense. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091066. [PMID: 32927688 PMCID: PMC7565297 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium barbadense is an important source of natural textile fibers, as is Gossypium hirsutum. Cotton fiber development is often affected by various environmental factors, such as abnormal temperature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of temperature regulating the fuzz fiber initiation. In this study, we reveal that high temperatures (HT) accelerate fiber development, improve fiber quality, and induced fuzz initiation of a thermo-sensitive G. barbadense variety L7009. It was proved that fuzz initiation was inhibited by low temperature (LT), and 4 dpa was the stage most susceptible to temperature stress during the fuzz initiation period. A total of 43,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis. Of these, 9667 were involved in fiber development and temperature response with 901 transcription factor genes and 189 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of gene expression patterns revealed that 240 genes were potentially involved in fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. Functional annotation revealed that the candidate genes related to fuzz initiation were significantly involved in the asparagine biosynthetic process, cell wall biosynthesis, and stress response. The expression trends of sixteen genes randomly selected from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. Our study revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways related to fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. This provides a new view of temperature-induced tissue and organ development in Gossypium barbadense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Longyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-0372-9718
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11
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Gu X, Gu J, Ren Y, Zheng Y, Yang G, Zhou X, Xie Y. Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA Using Recombinant Arginine Kinase for Serodiagnosis of Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi Infestation in Rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:411. [PMID: 31824969 PMCID: PMC6879429 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi is a common ectoparasite of the wild and domestic rabbits worldwide, which causes significant economic losses in commercial rabbit breeding. In China, the diagnosis of rabbits infested with P. ovis var. cuniculi currently relies on detection of clinical signs and Psoroptes mites in skin scrapings by microscopy examination. However, this method is not very efficient in detection of the low mite loads and/or sub-clinical infections. In the present study, we cloned and expressed an arginine kinase homolog gene from P. ovis var. cuniculi (Poc-AK) and used its recombinant protein rPoc-AK to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) method for diagnosis of P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits. The results showed that the rPoc-AK protein was ~61 kDa and had no signal peptide. The rPoc-AK-based iELISA achieved a 94.4% sensitivity and a 88.2% specificity, and was able to detect P. ovis var. cuniculi infection as early as the 1st week post-infection, prior to the appearance of clinical signs. Further field study showed 24.94% (66.33/266) clinically normal rabbits were seropositive with the highest and lowest seropositive rates for California (35.71%) and Belgian (15.14%), respectively. These results suggested that the rPoc-AK has potential as a diagnostic antigen for early P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Youle Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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