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Liu L, Chen Y, Li X, Wang J, Yang L. Therapeutic potential: The role of mesenchymal stem cells from diverse sources and their derived exosomes in diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116672. [PMID: 38677249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients, with its incidence continuously increasing in recent years. DN causes renal tissue damage and functional decline, expedites the aging process of the kidneys, and may ultimately progress leading to end-stage renal disease, severely impacting the patient's quality of life and prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly valued for their multipotent differentiation, paracrine functions, immunomodulatory effects, and capacity for tissue repair. Particularly, exosomes (Exo) derived from MSCs (MSCs-Exo) are rich in bioactive molecules and facilitate intercellular communication, participating in various physiological and pathological processes. MSCs and MSCs-Exo, in particular, have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in DN treatment research by encouraging tissue repair, fibrosis inhibition, and inflammation reduction. Research has shown that MSCs and MSCs-Exo have therapeutic effects in DN treatment by promoting tissue repair, inhibiting fibrosis, and reducing inflammation. Recent studies underscore the potential of MSCs and MSCs-Exo, highlighting their broad applicability in DN treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the scientific developments in treating DN using MSCs and MSCs-Exo from diverse sources, while also exploring their future therapeutic possibilities in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yiman Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Xu C, Liu X, Shen G, Fan X, Zhang Y, Sun C, Suo F, Guo B. Time-series transcriptome provides insights into the gene regulation network involved in the icariin-flavonoid metabolism during the leaf development of Epimedium pubescens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183481. [PMID: 37377796 PMCID: PMC10291196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii (Epimedium) leaves are rich in prenylated flavonol glycosides (PFGs) with high medicinal value. However, the dynamics and regulatory network of PFG biosynthesis remain largely unclear. Here, we combined metabolite profiling (targeted to PFGs) and a high-temporal-resolution transcriptome to elucidate PFGs' regulatory network in Epimedium pubescens and identified key candidate structural genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in PFG accumulation. Chemical profile analysis revealed that PFG content was quite different between buds and leaves and displayed a continuous decline with leaf development. The structural genes are the determinant reasons, and they are strictly regulated by TFs under temporal cues. We further constructed seven time-ordered gene co-expression networks (TO-GCNs) of PFG biosynthesis genes (including EpPAL2, EpC4H, EpCHS2, EpCHI2, EpF3H, EpFLS3, and EpPT8), and three flavonol biosynthesis routines were then predicted. The TFs involved in TO-GCNs were further confirmed by WGCNA analysis. Fourteen hub genes, comprising 5 MYBs, 1 bHLH, 1 WD40, 2 bZIPs, 1 BES1, 1 C2H2, 1 Trihelix, 1 HD-ZIP, and 1 GATA were identified as candidate key TFs. The results were further validated by TF binding site (TFBS) analysis and qRT-PCR. Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of PFGs biosynthesis, enriching the gene resources, which will guide further research on PFG accumulation in Epimedium.
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Lin K, Yang Y, Cao Y, Liang J, Qian J, Wang X, Han Q. Combining single-cell transcriptomics and CellTagging to identify differentiation trajectories of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36721241 PMCID: PMC9890798 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention in the application of cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent differentiation and immunomodulatory ability. Due to the limited number of MSCs isolated from donor tissues, a large number of MSCs need to be expanded in a traditional two-dimensional cell culture device to obtain a sufficient therapeutic amount. However, long-term cultivation of MSCs in vitro has been proven to reduce their differentiation potential and change their immunomodulatory characteristics. We aimed to explore the cellular heterogeneity and differentiation potential of different MSCs expanded in vitro and reconstruct the complex cloning track of cells in the process of differentiation. METHODS Single cell transcriptome sequencing was combined with 'CellTagging', which is a composite barcode indexing method that can capture the cloning history and cell identity in parallel to track the differentiation process of the same cell over time. RESULTS Through the single-cell transcriptome and CellTagging, we found that the heterogeneity of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the early stage of culture was very limited. With the passage, the cells spontaneously differentiated during the process of division and proliferation, and the heterogeneity of the cells increased. By tracing the differentiation track of cells, we found most cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation, while a few cells have the potential for unidirectional differentiation. One subpopulation of hADSCs with the specific osteoblast differentiation potential was traced from the early stage to the late stage, which indicates that the differentiation trajectories of the cells are determined in the early stages of lineage transformation. Further, considering that all genes related to osteogenic differentiation have not yet been determined, we identified that there are some genes that are highly expressed specifically in the hADSC subsets that can successfully differentiate into osteoblasts, such as Serpin Family E Member 2 (SERPINE2), Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), Keratin 7 (KRT7), Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16), and Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which may be key regulatory genes for osteogenic induction, and finally proved that the SERPINE2 gene can promote the osteogenic process. CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute toward the exploration of the heterogeneity of hADSCs and improving our understanding of the influence of heterogeneity on the differentiation potential of cells. Through this study, we found that the SERPINE2 gene plays a decisive role in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which lays a foundation for establishing a more novel and complete induction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Tsai YS, Chang YM, Lim YM, Cheong SK, Chung IF, Wong CY. Generating transcriptional regulatory networks from time-ordered stem cell differentiation RNA sequencing data. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101541. [PMID: 36042881 PMCID: PMC9420390 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe steps to 1) identify ascending and descending monotonic key genes from time-ordered stem cell differentiation expression data, 2) construct time-ordered transcriptional regulatory networks, and 3) infer the involvement of transcription factors along the differentiation process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wong et al. (2020). A protocol to identify ascending and descending monotonic pattern genes Temporal gene regulation in development Pipeline can be adapted to other time-series data sets
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuen Tsai
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Mooi Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I-Fang Chung
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wong CY. Current advances of stem cell-based therapy for kidney diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:914-933. [PMID: 34367484 PMCID: PMC8316868 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases are a prevalent health problem around the world. Multidrug therapy used in the current routine treatment for kidney diseases can only delay disease progression. None of these drugs or treatments can reverse the progression to an end-stage of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel therapeutics to improve patients’ quality of life and possibly cure, reverse, or alleviate the kidney disease. Stem cells have promising potentials as a form of regenerative medicine for kidney diseases due to their unlimited replication and their ability to differentiate into kidney cells in vitro. Mounting evidences from the administration of stem cells in an experimental kidney disease model suggested that stem cell-based therapy has therapeutic or renoprotective effects to attenuate kidney damage while improving the function and structure of both glomerular and tubular compartments. This review summarises the current stem cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat kidney diseases, including the various cell sources, animal models or in vitro studies. The challenges of progressing from proof-of-principle in the laboratory to widespread clinical application and the human clinical trial outcomes reported to date are also highlighted. The success of cell-based therapy could widen the scope of regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Yin Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Department, Cytopeutics, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Law ZK, Tan HJ, Chin SP, Wong CY, Wan Yahya WNN, Muda AS, Zakaria R, Ariff MI, Ismail NA, Cheong SK, S Abdul Wahid SF, Mohamed Ibrahim N. The effects of intravenous infusion of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with subacute middle cerebral artery infarct: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial on safety, tolerability and efficacy. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:833-840. [PMID: 33992536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are characterized by paracrine and immunomodulatory functions capable of changing the microenvironment of damaged brain tissue toward a more regenerative and less inflammatory milieu. The authors conducted a phase 2, single-center, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) in patients with subacute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct. METHODS Patients aged 30-75 years who had severe ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 10-35) involving the MCA territory were recruited within 2 months of stroke onset. Using permuted block randomization, patients were assigned to receive 2 million BMMSCs per kilogram of body weight (treatment group) or standard medical care (control group). The primary outcomes were the NIHSS, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and total infarct volume on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months. All outcome assessments were performed by blinded assessors. Per protocol, analyses were performed for between-group comparisons. RESULTS Seventeen patients were recruited. Nine were assigned to the treatment group, and eight were controls. All patients were severely disabled following their MCA infarct (median mRS = 4.0 [4.0-5.0], BI = 5.0 [5.0-25.0], NIHSS = 16.0 [11.5-21.0]). The baseline infarct volume on the MRI was larger in the treatment group (median, 71.7 [30.5-101.7] mL versus 26.7 [12.9-75.3] mL, P = 0.10). There were no between-group differences in median NIHSS score (7.0 versus 6.0, P = 0.96), mRS (2.0 versus 3.0, P = 0.38) or BI (95.0 versus 67.5, P = 0.33) at 12 months. At 12 months, there was significant improvement in absolute change in median infarct volume, but not in total infarct volume, from baseline in the treatment group (P = 0.027). No treatment-related adverse effects occurred in the BMMSC group. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous infusion of BMMSCs in patients with subacute MCA infarct was safe and well tolerated. Although there was no neurological recovery or functional outcome improvement at 12 months, there was improvement in absolute change in median infarct volume in the treatment group. Larger, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm this and the efficacy of BMMSCs in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jan Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Wan Nur Nafisah Wan Yahya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sobri Muda
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozman Zakaria
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Ariff
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azimah Ismail
- Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Cytopeutics Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Fadilah S Abdul Wahid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chin SP, Maskon O, Tan CS, Anderson JE, Wong CY, Hassan HHC, Choor CK, Fadilah SAW, Cheong SK. Synergistic effects of intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and revascularization procedure on improvement of cardiac function in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33575315 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. It is defined as abnormal enlargement of the left ventricular (LV) cavity with poor LV function due to coronary artery disease. Currently available established treatments are palliative whereby blood supply is recovered to ischemic regions but fails to regenerate heart tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising treatment for ICM given their regenerative and multipotent characteristics. This study aims to investigate the effect of MSCs infusion with concurrent revascularization in patients with severe ICM compared to receiving only revascularization procedure or MSCs infusion. Methods Twenty-seven patients with history of anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 35% were recruited into this study. Patients who are eligible for revascularization were grouped into group A (MSCs infusion with concurrent revascularization) or group B (revascularization only) while patients who were not eligible for revascularization were allocated in group C to receive intracoronary MSCs infusion. LV function was measured using echocardiography. Results Patients who received MSCs infusion (either with or without revascularization) demonstrated significant LVEF improvements at 3, 6 and 12 months post-infusion when compared to baseline LVEF within its own group. When comparing the groups, the magnitude of change in LVEF from baseline for third visits i.e., 12 months post-infusion was significant for patients who received MSCs infusion plus concurrent revascularization in comparison to patients who only had the revascularization procedure. Conclusions MSCs infusion significantly improves LV function in ICM patients. MSCs infusion plus concurrent revascularization procedure worked synergistically to improve cardiac function in patients with severe ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Piaw Chin
- Cytopeutics, Selangor, Malaysia.,CMH Specialist Hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Oteh Maskon
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiang Soo Tan
- Adventist Heart Centre, Penang Adventist Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - John E Anderson
- Adventist Heart Centre, Penang Adventist Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamat Hamdi Che Hassan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Ken Choor
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Abdul Wahid Fadilah
- Cell Therapy Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Cytopeutics, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Selangor, Malaysia
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