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Zhou Q, Cui X, Zhou H, Guo S, Wu Z, Li L, Zhang J, Feng W, Guo Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Qiu C, Xu M, Deng G. Differentially expressed platelet activation-related genes in dogs with stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:271. [PMID: 38087280 PMCID: PMC10717932 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood carries a reservoir of mRNAs that regulate cardiac structure and function potential. Although it is well recognized that the typical symptoms of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) stage B2 are long-standing hemodynamic disorder and cardiac structure remodeling caused by mitral regurgitation, the transcriptomic alterations in blood from such dogs are not understood. RESULTS In the present study, comparative high-throughput transcriptomic profiling of blood was performed from normal control (NC) and naturally-occurring MMVD stage B2 (MMVD) dogs. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analyses (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG), we identified that the turquoise module was the most highly correlated with echocardiographic features and found 64 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly enriched in platelet activation related pathways. Therefore, from the turquoise module, we selected five DEGs (MDM2, ROCK1, RIPK1, SNAP23, and ARHGAP35) that, according to real-time qPCR, exhibited significant enrichment in platelet activation related pathways for validation. The results showed that the blood transcriptional abundance of MDM2, ROCK1, RIPK1, and SNAP23 differed significantly (P < 0.01) between NC and MMVD dogs. On the other hand, Correlation Analysis revealed that MDM2, ROCK1, RIPK1, and SNAP23 genes negatively regulated the heart structure parameters, and followed the same trend as observed in WGCNA. CONCLUSION We screened four platelet activation related genes, MDM2, ROCK1, RIPK1, and SNAP23, which may be considered as the candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of MMVD stage B2. These findings provided new insights into MMVD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyang Li
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingfang Guo
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Animal Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhang B, Deng C, Wang S, Deng Q, Chu Y, Bai Z, Huang A, Zhang Q, He Q. The RNA landscape of Dunaliella salina in response to short-term salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278954. [PMID: 38111875 PMCID: PMC10726701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Using the halotolerant green microalgae Dunaliella salina as a model organism has special merits, such as a wide range of salt tolerance, unicellular organism, and simple life cycle and growth conditions. These unique characteristics make it suitable for salt stress study. In order to provide an overview of the response of Dunaliella salina to salt stress and hopefully to reveal evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of photosynthetic organisms in response to salt stress, the transcriptomes and the genome of the algae were sequenced by the second and the third-generation sequencing technologies, then the transcriptomes under salt stress were compared to the transcriptomes under non-salt stress with the newly sequenced genome as the reference genome. The major cellular biological processes that being regulated in response to salt stress, include transcription, protein synthesis, protein degradation, protein folding, protein modification, protein transport, cellular component organization, cell redox homeostasis, DNA repair, glycerol synthesis, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and ion homeostasis. This study gives a comprehensive overview of how Dunaliella salina responses to salt stress at transcriptomic level, especially characterized by the nearly ubiquitous up-regulation of the genes involving in protein folding, DNA repair, and cell redox homeostasis, which may confer the algae important mechanisms to survive under salt stress. The three fundamental biological processes, which face huge challenges under salt stress, are ignored by most scientists and are worth further deep study to provide useful information for breeding economic important plants competent in tolerating salt stress, other than only depending on the commonly acknowledged osmotic balance and ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- The Research Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyun Deng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The Research Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyi Deng
- The Research Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongfan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Axiu Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinglian Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Keil L, Mehlmer N, Cavelius P, Garbe D, Haack M, Ritz M, Awad D, Brück T. The Time-Resolved Salt Stress Response of Dunaliella tertiolecta-A Comprehensive System Biology Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15374. [PMID: 37895054 PMCID: PMC10607294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-driven processes, such as direct CO2 fixation into glycerol, provide new routes for sustainable chemical production in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. The marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta is reported to accumulate high amounts of intracellular glycerol upon exposure to high salt concentrations. We have conducted a comprehensive, time-resolved systems biology study to decipher the metabolic response of D. tertiolecta up to 24 h under continuous light conditions. Initially, due to a lack of reference sequences required for MS/MS-based protein identification, a high-quality draft genome of D. tertiolecta was generated. Subsequently, a database was designed by combining the genome with transcriptome data obtained before and after salt stress. This database allowed for detection of differentially expressed proteins and identification of phosphorylated proteins, which are involved in the short- and long-term adaptation to salt stress, respectively. Specifically, in the rapid salt adaptation response, proteins linked to the Ca2+ signaling pathway and ion channel proteins were significantly increased. While phosphorylation is key in maintaining ion homeostasis during the rapid adaptation to salt stress, phosphofructokinase is required for long-term adaption. Lacking β-carotene, synthesis under salt stress conditions might be substituted by the redox-sensitive protein CP12. Furthermore, salt stress induces upregulation of Calvin-Benson cycle-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.K.); (N.M.); (P.C.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
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4
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Senousy HH, El-Sheekh MM, Khairy HM, El-Sayed HS, Mahmoud GAE, Hamed AA. Biodiesel Production from the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica Grown on Yeast Wastewater and the Effect on Its Biochemical Composition and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2898. [PMID: 37631110 PMCID: PMC10459201 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biodiesel synthesis is currently not commercially viable due to the high costs of culture realizations and low lipid yields. The main objective of the current study was to determine the possibility of growing Nannochloropsis oceanica on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast wastewater for biodiesel generation at an economical rate. N. oceanica was grown in Guillard F/2 synthetic medium and three dilutions of yeast wastewater (1, 1.25, and 1.5%). Biodiesel properties, in addition to carbohydrate, protein, lipid, dry weight, biomass, lipid productivity, amino acids, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) content, were analyzed and the quality of the produced biodiesel is assessed. The data revealed the response of N. oceanica to nitrogen-deficiency in the three dilutions of yeast wastewater. N. oceanica in Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution exhibited the highest total carbohydrate and lipid percentages (21.19% and 41.97%, respectively), and the highest lipid productivity (52.46 mg L-1 day -1) under nitrogen deficiency in yeast wastewater. The fatty acids profile shows that N. oceanica cultivated in Y2 (1.25%) wastewater dilution provides a significant level of TSFA (47.42%) and can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. In addition, N. oceanica responded to nitrogen shortage in wastewater dilutions by upregulating the gene encoding delta-9 fatty acid desaturase (Δ9FAD). As a result, the oleic and palmitoleic acid levels increased in the fatty acid profile of Y2 yeast wastewater dilution, highlighting the increased activity of Δ9FAD enzyme in transforming stearic acid and palmitic acid into oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. This study proved that the Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution can be utilized as a growth medium for improving the quantity of specific fatty acids and lipid productivity in N. oceanica that affect biodiesel quality to satisfy global biodiesel requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda H. Senousy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Hanan M. Khairy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | - Heba S. El-Sayed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal A. Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
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5
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Enuh BM, Nural Yaman B, Tarzi C, Aytar Çelik P, Mutlu MB, Angione C. Whole-genome sequencing and genome-scale metabolic modeling of Chromohalobacter canadensis 85B to explore its salt tolerance and biotechnological use. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1328. [PMID: 36314754 PMCID: PMC9597258 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt tolerant organisms are increasingly being used for the industrial production of high-value biomolecules due to their better adaptability compared to mesophiles. Chromohalobacter canadensis is one of the early halophiles to show promising biotechnology potential, which has not been explored to date. Advanced high throughput technologies such as whole-genome sequencing allow in-depth insight into the potential of organisms while at the frontiers of systems biology. At the same time, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) enable phenotype predictions through a mechanistic representation of metabolism. Here, we sequence and analyze the genome of C. canadensis 85B, and we use it to reconstruct a GEM. We then analyze the GEM using flux balance analysis and validate it against literature data on C. canadensis. We show that C. canadensis 85B is a metabolically versatile organism with many features for stress and osmotic adaptation. Pathways to produce ectoine and polyhydroxybutyrates were also predicted. The GEM reveals the ability to grow on several carbon sources in a minimal medium and reproduce osmoadaptation phenotypes. Overall, this study reveals insights from the genome of C. canadensis 85B, providing genomic data and a draft GEM that will serve as the first steps towards a better understanding of its metabolism, for novel applications in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Manga Enuh
- Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Graduate and Natural Applied ScienceEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey
| | - Belma Nural Yaman
- Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Graduate and Natural Applied ScienceEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey
| | - Chaimaa Tarzi
- School of Computing, Engineering & Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Pınar Aytar Çelik
- Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Graduate and Natural Applied ScienceEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey,Environmental Protection and Control ProgramEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey
| | - Mehmet Burçin Mutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEskisehir Technical UniversityEskisehirTurkey
| | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering & Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK,Centre for Digital InnovationTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK,National Horizons CentreTeesside UniversityDarlingtonUK
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6
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Leung C, Grulois D, Chevin LM. Plasticity across levels: relating epigenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic responses to osmotic stress in a halotolerant microalga. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4672-4687. [PMID: 35593517 PMCID: PMC9543585 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce alternative phenotypes in response to its environment of development, is an important mechanism for coping with variable environments. While the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity are diverse, their relative contributions need to be investigated quantitatively to better understand the evolvability of plasticity across biological levels. This requires relating plastic responses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and organismal phenotype, and investigating how they vary with the genotype. Here we carried out this approach for responses to osmotic stress in Dunaliella salina, a green microalga that is a model organism for salinity tolerance. We compared two strains that show markedly different demographic responses to osmotic stress, and showed that these phenotypic responses involve strain‐ and environment‐specific variation in gene expression levels, but a relative low—albeit significant—effect of strain × environment interaction. We also found an important genotype effect on the genome‐wide methylation pattern, but little contribution from environmental conditions to the latter. However, we did detect a significant marginal effect of epigenetic variation on gene expression, beyond the influence of genetic differences on epigenetic state, and we showed that hypomethylated regions are correlated with higher gene expression. Our results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms are either not involved in the rapid plastic response to environmental change in this species, or involve only few changes in trans that are sufficient to trigger concerted changes in the expression of many genes, and phenotypic responses by multiple traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daphné Grulois
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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7
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Saccò M, White NE, Harrod C, Salazar G, Aguilar P, Cubillos CF, Meredith K, Baxter BK, Oren A, Anufriieva E, Shadrin N, Marambio-Alfaro Y, Bravo-Naranjo V, Allentoft ME. Salt to conserve: a review on the ecology and preservation of hypersaline ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2828-2850. [PMID: 34747117 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the investigation of key ecosystems in the world, we often omit salt from the ecological recipe. In fact, despite occupying almost half of the volume of inland waters and providing crucial services to humanity and nature, inland saline ecosystems are often overlooked in discussions regarding the preservation of global aquatic resources of our planet. As a result, our knowledge of the biological and geochemical dynamics shaping these environments remains incomplete and we are hesitant in framing effective protective strategies against the increasing natural and anthropogenic threats faced by such habitats. Hypersaline lakes, water bodies where the concentration of salt exceeds 35 g/l, occur mainly in arid and semiarid areas resulting from hydrological imbalances triggering the accumulation of salts over time. Often considered the 'exotic siblings' within the family of inland waters, these ecosystems host some of the most extremophile communities worldwide and provide essential habitats for waterbirds and many other organisms in already water-stressed regions. These systems are often highlighted as natural laboratories, ideal for addressing central ecological questions due to their relatively low complexity and simple food web structures. However, recent studies on the biogeochemical mechanisms framing hypersaline communities have challenged this archetype, arguing that newly discovered highly diverse communities are characterised by specific trophic interactions shaped by high levels of specialisation. The main goal of this review is to explore our current understanding of the ecological dynamics of hypersaline ecosystems by addressing four main research questions: (i) why are hypersaline lakes unique from a biological and geochemical perspective; (ii) which biota inhabit these ecosystems and how have they adapted to the high salt conditions; (iii) how do we protect biodiversity from increasing natural and anthropogenic threats; and (iv) which scientific tools will help us preserve hypersaline ecosystems in the future? First, we focus on the ecological characterisation of hypersaline ecosystems, illustrate hydrogeochemical dynamics regulating such environments, and outline key ecoregions supporting hypersaline systems across the globe. Second, we depict the diversity and functional aspects of key taxa found in hypersaline lakes, from microorganisms to plants, invertebrates, waterbirds and upper trophic levels. Next, we describe ecosystem services and discuss possible conservation guidelines. Finally, we outline how cutting-edge technologies can provide new insights into the study of hypersaline ecology. Overall, this review sheds further light onto these understudied ecosystems, largely unrecognised as important sources of unique biological and functional diversity. We provide perspectives for key future research avenues, and advocate that the conservation of hypersaline lakes should not be taken with 'a grain of salt'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saccò
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Nicole E White
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Chris Harrod
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile
| | - Pablo Aguilar
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile.,Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carolina F Cubillos
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Bonnie K Baxter
- Great Salt Lake Institute, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, 84105, U.S.A
| | - Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, the Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Elena Anufriieva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Nakhimov Avenue 2, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Nickolai Shadrin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Nakhimov Avenue 2, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Yeri Marambio-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Víctor Bravo-Naranjo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Benavente 980, La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Ling N, Li W, Xu G, Qi Z, Ji C, Liu X, Cui D, Sun Y. Transcriptomic sequencing reveals the response of Dunaliella salina to copper stress via the increased photosynthesis and carbon mechanism. Mol Omics 2021; 17:769-782. [PMID: 34254634 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the essential microelements for plants and algae. It can stimulate growth and photosynthesis at low concentration but inhibit them at higher concentration. The knowledge of molecular response mechanisms to copper stress in green algae is still limited. The responses of the green algae Dunaliella salina to Cu stress were studied using the physiochemical indexes and RNA-seq analysis. The physiochemical indexes such as growth rate, the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar, photosynthesis and peroxidase activity were all changed in D. salina under Cu stress. In addition, a total of 3799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the control and Cu-treated group. Among these, 2350 unigenes were up-regulated whereas 1449 were down-regulated. Here, the DEGs encoding proteins relevant to photosynthesis, carbon assimilation and carbohydrate mechanism were significantly up-regulated in the Cu-treated group. In addition, the unigenes encoding proteins involved in the antioxidant system and heat shock proteins were also up-regulated, and these were consistent with the expression patterns based on TPM (transcripts per million) values. This study shows that the enhanced growth and photosynthesis and carbon mechanism in D. salina can be triggered by copper, which will lay a firm foundation for future breeding and carotenoid production, further highlighting the underlying application of D. salina as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Weilu Li
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Guiguo Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Zheng Qi
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Di Cui
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Yuan Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
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9
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Lv H, Kim M, Park S, Baek K, Oh H, Polle JE, Jin E. Comparative transcriptome analysis of short-term responses to salt and glycerol hyperosmotic stress in the green alga Dunaliella salina. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Panahi B, Hejazi MA. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the salt-responsive transcriptomes reveals novel hub genes in green halophytic microalgae Dunaliella salina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1607. [PMID: 33452393 PMCID: PMC7810892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite responses to salinity stress in Dunaliella salina, a unicellular halotolerant green alga, being subject to extensive study, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, Empirical Bayes method was applied to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between hypersaline and normal conditions. Then, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which takes advantage of a graph theoretical approach, highly correlated genes were clustered as a module. Subsequently, connectivity patterns of the identified modules in two conditions were surveyed to define preserved and non-preserved modules by combining the Zsummary and medianRank measures. Finally, common and specific hub genes in non-preserved modules were determined using Eigengene-based module connectivity or module membership (kME) measures and validation was performed by using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). In this study, the power of beta = 12 (scale-free R2 = 0.8) was selected as the soft-thresholding to ensure a scale-free network, which led to the identification of 15 co-expression modules. Results also indicate that green, blue, brown, and yellow modules are non-preserved in salinity stress conditions. Examples of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in non-preserved modules are Sulfur metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism. Moreover, the systems biology approach was applied here, proposed some salinity specific hub genes, such as radical-induced cell death1 protein (RCD1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 (MAP3K13), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase subunit (AccC), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDO), for the development of metabolites accumulating strains in D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Panahi
- Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, 5156915-598, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, 5156915-598, Iran
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Raymond JA, Morgan-Kiss R, Stahl-Rommel S. Glycerol Is an Osmoprotectant in Two Antarctic Chlamydomonas Species From an Ice-Covered Saline Lake and Is Synthesized by an Unusual Bidomain Enzyme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1259. [PMID: 32973829 PMCID: PMC7468427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol, a compatible solute, has previously been found to act as an osmoprotectant in some marine Chlamydomonas species and several species of Dunaliella from hypersaline ponds. Recently, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella salina were shown to make glycerol with an unusual bidomain enzyme, which appears to be unique to algae, that contains a phosphoserine phosphatase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Here we report that two psychrophilic species of Chlamydomonas (C. spp. UWO241 and ICE-MDV) from Lake Bonney, Antarctica also produce high levels of glycerol to survive in the lake's saline waters. Glycerol concentration increased linearly with salinity and at 1.3 M NaCl, exceeded 400 mM in C. sp. UWO241, the more salt-tolerant strain. We also show that both species expressed several isoforms of the bidomain enzyme. An analysis of one of the isoforms of C. sp. UWO241 showed that it was strongly upregulated by NaCl and is thus the likely source of glycerol. These results reveal another adaptation of the Lake Bonney Chlamydomonas species that allow them to survive in an extreme polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Polle JE, Jin E, Ben-Amotz A. The alga Dunaliella revisited: Looking back and moving forward with model and production organisms. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tang Z, Cao X, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Qiao D, Xu H, Cao Y. Two splice variants of the DsMEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) are involved in salt stress regulation in Dunaliella salina in different ways. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:147. [PMID: 32843896 PMCID: PMC7439689 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dunaliella salina can produce glycerol under salt stress, and this production can quickly adapt to changes in external salt concentration. Notably, glycerol is an ideal energy source. In recent years, it has been reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway plays an important role in regulating salt stress, and in Dunaliella tertiolecta DtMAPK can regulate glycerol synthesis under salt stress. Therefore, it is highly important to study the relationship between the MAPK cascade pathway and salt stress in D. salina and modify it to increase the production of glycerol. RESULTS In our study, we identified and analysed the alternative splicing of DsMEK1 (DsMEK1-X1, DsMEK1-X2) from the unicellular green alga D. salina. DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 were both localized in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR assays showed that DsMEK1-X2 was induced by salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X2 revealed a higher increase rate of glycerol production compared to the control and DsMEK1-X1-oe under salt stress. Under salt stress, the expression of DsGPDH2/3/5/6 increased in DsMEK1-X2-oe strains compared to the control. This finding indicated that DsMEK1-X2 was involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and glycerol overexpression under salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X1 increased the proline content and reduced the MDA content under salt stress, and DsMEK1-X1 was able to regulate oxidative stress; thus, we hypothesized that DsMEK1-X1 could reduce oxidative damage under salt stress. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that DsMEK1-X2 could interact with DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17 and DsMAPK1; however, DsMEK1-X1 interacted with neither upstream MAPKKK nor downstream MAPK. DsMEK1-X2-oe transgenic lines increased the expression of DsMAPKKK1/3/10/17 and DsMAPK1, and DsMEK1-X2-RNAi lines decreased the expression of DsMAPKKK2/10/17. DsMEK1-X1-oe transgenic lines did not exhibit increased gene expression, except for DsMAPKKK9. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 can respond to salt stress by two different pathways. The DsMEK1-X1 response to salt stress reduces oxidative damage; however, the DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17-DsMEK1-X2-DsMAPK1 cascade is involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and thus glycerol synthesis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
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