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Dong Y, Chen D, Zhou S, Mao Z, Fan J. Identification of Attractants from Three Host Plants and How to Improve Attractiveness of Plant Volatiles for Monochamus saltuarius. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1732. [PMID: 38999572 PMCID: PMC11243586 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
As a new vector insect of pine wood nematodes in China, the Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) vectors pine wilt nematodes into healthy pine trees through feeding and oviposition, resulting in huge economic losses to forestry. A promising control strategy is to develop safe and efficient attractants. This study aims to screen for the key active volatiles of Pinus koraiensis (Pinales: Pinaceae), Pinus tabuliformis (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Picea asperata (Pinales: Pinaceae) that can attract M. saltuarius, and to study the synergistic attraction of the main attractant plant volatiles with ethanol and insect aggregation pheromones. The preference of M. saltuarius for three hosts is P. koraiensis > P. tabuliformis > Picea asperata. We detected 18 organic volatiles from three host plants. Through EAG assays and indoor Y-tube behavioral experiments, 3-carene, (-)-camphor, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, terpinolene, α-pinene, D-limonene, and myrcene were screened to have attractive effects on M. saltuarius. We found that 3-carene, β-pinene, and α-pinene are the most attractive kairomones in field experiments, which may play a crucial role in the host localization of M. saltuarius. Ethanol has a synergistic effect on the attractant activity of 3-carene and β-pinene, and the synergistic effect on β-pinene is the best. The mixture of ethanol, 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, and ipsdienol can significantly enhance the attraction effect of β-pinene on M. saltuarius. These new findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of attractants for adult M. saltuarius and contribute to the green control of M. saltuarius.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianting Fan
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China; (Y.D.); (D.C.); (S.Z.); (Z.M.)
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Zhang J, Ye L, Chen Q, Wang F. Response analysis of Pinus sibirica to pine wood nematode infection through transcriptomics and metabolomics study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383018. [PMID: 38774221 PMCID: PMC11106439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Pinus sibirica is primarily distributed in Siberia. Owing to its excellent cold resistance and development potential, it has become an important introduced tree species in the Greater Xing'an area of China. Pine wilt disease, triggered by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), constitutes a profoundly critical affliction within forest ecosystems. Its incidence has extended to the northeastern region of China in recent years. To explore the potential host status of P. sibirica in the Greater Xing'an area for PWN and to elucidate the responses following inoculation, artificial inoculation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics methods were used. In the artificial inoculation experiments, quantitative analysis of nematode populations within the trees demonstrated that PWN exhibited normal growth and reproductive capabilities within P. sibirica. Subsequently, transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were conducted at four time points before disease onset (3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-days post inoculation). Gene trend analysis and differentially expressed gene screening were employed and the results indicated that genes associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway exhibited predominant enrichment among the up-regulated genes. Metabolome analysis showed that the abundance of flavonoid-related metabolites in P. sibirica increased after inoculation with PWN. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed that after PWN inoculation in P. sibirica, two chalcone synthase (chs) genes and a chalcone isomerase (chi) gene were significantly upregulated, and the upregulation should accumulate naringenin, pinocembrin, and apigenin to help P. sibirica resist infection of PWN. The results suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway continued to respond after P. sibirica was infected with PWN and played an important role in the interaction between P. sibirica and PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nation Forestry and Grassland Administration on Northeast Area Forest and Grass Dangerous Pest Management and Control, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, Liaoning, China
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Lin K, Yue L, Yuan L, Kang K, Zhang Y, Pang R, Zhang W. Alanine metabolism mediates energy allocation of the brown planthopper to adapt to resistant rice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00035-3. [PMID: 38246245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the adaptation to host plant resistance, herbivorous insects faced the challenge of overcoming plant defenses while ensuring their own development and reproductive success. To achieve this, a strategic allocation of energy resources for detoxification and ecological fitness maintenance became essential. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the intricate energy allocation mechanisms involved in herbivore adaptation that are currently poorly understood. METHODS The rice Oryza sativa and its monophagous pest, the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were used as a model system. An integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptomes from different BPH populations were conducted to identify the biomarkers. RNA interference of key genes and exogenous injection of key metabolites were performed to validate the function of biomarkers. RESULTS We found that alanine was one of the key biomarkers of BPH adaptation to resistant rice variety IR36. We also found that alanine flow determined the adaptation of BPH to IR36 rice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-mediated alanine transfer to pyruvate was necessary and sufficient for the adaptation. This pathway may be conserved, at least to some extent, in BPH adaptation to multiple rice cultivars with different resistance genes. More importantly, ALT-mediated alanine metabolism is the foundation of downstream energy resource allocation for the adaptation. The adapted BPH population exhibited a significantly higher level of energy reserves in the fat body and ovary when fed with IR36 rice, compared to the unadapted population. This rendered the elevated detoxification in the adapted BPH and their ecological fitness recovery. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings demonstrated the crucial role of ALT-mediated alanine metabolism in energy allocation during the adaptation to resistant rice in BPH. This will provide novel knowledge regarding the co-evolutionary mechanisms between herbivores and their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Ge SX, Li JX, Jiang ZH, Zong SX, Ren LL. Cradle for the newborn Monochamus saltuarius: Microbial associates to ward off entomopathogens and disarm plant defense. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1165-1182. [PMID: 36377192 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius, as a beetle vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode), is an economically important forest pest in Eurasia. To feed on the phloem and xylem of conifers, M. saltuarius needs to overcome various stress factors, including coping with entomopathogenic bacteria and also various plant secondary compounds (PSCs). As an important adaptation strategy to colonize host trees, M. saltuarius deposit eggs in oviposition pits to shield their progeny. These pits harbor bacterial communities that are involved in the host adaptation of M. saltuarius to the conifers. However, the composition, origin, and functions of these oviposition pit bacteria are rarely understood. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community associated with M. saltuarius oviposition pits and their ability to degrade PSCs. Results showed that the bacterial community structure of M. saltuarius oviposition pits significantly differed from that of uninfected phloem. Also, the oviposition pit bacteria were predicted to be enriched in PSC degradation pathways. The microbial community also harbored a lethal strain of Serratia, which was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, metatranscriptome analysis indicated that genes involved in PSCs degradation were expressed complementarily among the microbial communities of oviposition pits and secretions. In vitro degradation showed that bacteria cultured from oviposition pits degraded more monoterpenes and flavonoids than bacteria cultured from uninfected phloem isolates. Disinfection of oviposition pits increased the mortality of newly hatched larvae and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight in the early stages. Overall, our results reveal that M. saltuarius construct oviposition pits that harbor a diverse microbial community, with stronger PSCs degradation abilities and a low abundance of entomopathogenic bacteria, resulting in the increased fitness of newly hatched larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University-French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University-French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
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Dai J, Cai X, Liu L, Lin Y, Huang Y, Lin J, Shu B. The comparison of gut gene expression and bacterial community in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults fed on Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:416. [PMID: 37488494 PMCID: PMC10364414 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is an important citrus pest. It serves as the vector for the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which induced a destructive disease, Huanglongbing, and caused huge economic losses. During the interaction between insects and plants, insects have evolved a series of mechanisms to adapt to various host plants. Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju) are the Rutaceae species from different genera that have been discovered as suitable hosts for D. citri adults. While the adaptation mechanism of this pest to these two host plants is unclear. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq and 16 S rDNA amplification sequencing were performed on the gut of D. citri adults reared on M. exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 964 differentially expressed genes were found in different gut groups with two host plant treatments. The impacted genes include those that encode ribosomal proteins, cathepsins, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. According to 16 S rDNA sequencing, the compositions of the gut bacterial communities were altered by different treatments. The α and β diversity analyses confirmed that the host plant changes influenced the gut microbial diversity. The functional classification analysis by Tax4Fun revealed that 27 KEGG pathways, mostly those related to metabolism, including those for nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, xenbiotics biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, were significantly altered. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings shed light on the connection between D. citri and host plants by showing that host plants alter the gene expression profiles and bacterial community composition of D. citri adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Dai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xueming Cai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanzheng Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Ge SX, Li TF, Ren LL, Zong SX. Host-plant adaptation in xylophagous insect-microbiome systems: Contributionsof longicorns and gut symbionts revealed by parallel metatranscriptome. iScience 2023; 26:106680. [PMID: 37182102 PMCID: PMC10173737 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to host plants is of great significance in the ecology of xylophagous insects. The specific adaptation to woody tissues is made possible through microbial symbionts. We investigated the potential roles of detoxification, lignocellulose degradation, and nutrient supplementation of Monochamus saltuarius and its gut symbionts in host plant adaptation using metatranscriptome. The gut microbial community structure of M. saltuarius that fed on the two plant species were found to be different. Plant compound detoxification and lignocellulose degradation genes have been identified in both beetles and gut symbionts. Most differentially expressed genes associated with host plant adaptations were up-regulated in larvae fed on the less suitable host (Pinus tabuliformis) compared to larvae fed on the suitable host (Pinus koraiensis). Our findings indicated that M. saltuarius and its gut microbes respond to plant secondary substances through systematic transcriptome responses, allowing them to adapt to unsuitable host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
| | - Tian-Feng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
- IFOPE, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University and INRAE URZF, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
- Corresponding author
| | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
- IFOPE, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University and INRAE URZF, Beijing 100083, P. R.China
- Corresponding author
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Hwang HJ, Patnaik BB, Baliarsingh S, Patnaik HH, Sang MK, Park JE, Cho HC, Song DK, Jeong JY, Hong CE, Kim YT, Sin HJ, Ziwei L, Park SY, Kang SW, Jeong HC, Park HS, Han YS, Lee YS. Transcriptome analysis of the endangered dung beetle Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and characterization of genes associated to immunity, growth, and reproduction. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:94. [PMID: 36864388 PMCID: PMC9979532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dung beetles recycle organic matter through the decomposition of feces and support ecological balance. However, these insects are threatened by the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals and habitat destruction. Copris tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a dung beetle, is listed as a class-II Korean endangered species. Although the genetic diversity of C. tripartitus populations has been investigated through analysis of mitochondrial genes, genomic resources for this species remain limited. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of C. tripartitus to elucidate functions related to growth, immunity and reproduction for the purpose of informed conservation planning. RESULTS The transcriptome of C. tripartitus was generated using next-generation Illumina sequencing and assembled de novo using a Trinity-based platform. In total, 98.59% of the raw sequence reads were processed as clean reads. These reads were assembled into 151,177 contigs, 101,352 transcripts, and 25,106 unigenes. A total of 23,450 unigenes (93.40%) were annotated to at least one database. The largest proportion of unigenes (92.76%) were annotated to the locally curated PANM-DB. A maximum of 5,512 unigenes had homologous sequences in Tribolium castaneum. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed a maximum of 5,174 unigenes in the Molecular function category. Further, in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, a total of 462 enzymes were associated with established biological pathways. Based on sequence homology to known proteins in PANM-DB, representative immunity, growth, and reproduction-related genes were screened. Potential immunity-related genes were categorized into pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the MyD88- dependent pathway, endogenous ligands, immune effectors, antimicrobial peptides, apoptosis, and adaptation-related transcripts. Among PRRs, we conducted detailed in silico characterization of TLR-2, CTL, and PGRP_SC2-like. Repetitive elements such as long terminal repeats, short interspersed nuclear elements, long interspersed nuclear elements and DNA elements were enriched in the unigene sequences. A total of 1,493 SSRs were identified among all unigenes of C. tripartitus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive resource for analysis of the genomic topography of the beetle C. tripartitus. The data presented here clarify the fitness phenotypes of this species in the wild and provide insight to support informed conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Hwang
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,PG Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-, Odisha, 756089, India.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Snigdha Baliarsingh
- PG Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Hongray Howrelia Patnaik
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Sang
- Research Support Center (Core-Facility) for Bio-Bigdata Analysis and Utilization of Biological Resources, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jie Eun Park
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hang Chul Cho
- iLAB, INSILICOGEN, INC. #2901~2904, Tower-Dong A, HEUNGDEOK IT VALLEY, 13, Heungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dae Kwon Song
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jun Yang Jeong
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Chan Eui Hong
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Sin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Liu Ziwei
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Biodiversity Research Team, Animal & Plant Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Se Won Kang
- Biological Resource Center (BRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Heon Cheon Jeong
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hong Seog Park
- Research Institute, GnC BIO Co., LTD., 621-6 Banseok-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34069, Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. .,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. .,Research Support Center (Core-Facility) for Bio-Bigdata Analysis and Utilization of Biological Resources, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.
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Zhang R, Wang J, Xia R, Li D, Wang F. Antioxidant processes involving epicatechin decreased symptoms of pine wilt disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015970. [PMID: 36570913 PMCID: PMC9780601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) invasion of Northeast China, both symptomatic and asymptomatic PWN carriers have been found. Asymptomatic PWN carriers, which are more dangerous than symptomatic carriers, constitute a source of infection in the following spring. The simultaneous presence of symptomatic and asymptomatic PWN carriers indicates that Pinus koraiensis has different tolerance levels to PWN. In this study, validity of susceptibility testing discovered differential types of P. koraiensis including Latent Reservoirs, Low Susceptibles, High Susceptibles and Bell Ringers. Among those types, the Low Susceptibles and Latent Reservoirs were asymptomatic PWN carriers, and Latent Reservoirs were the most dangerous. Transcriptome and metabolomic data showed that 5 genes (3 ans and 2 anr gene) involved in the epicatechin (EC) synthesis pathway were significantly upregulated, which increased the content of EC antioxidants in Latent Reservoirs. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) staining and content determination showed that the hypersensitive response (HR) and H2O2, which functions as a signaling molecule in systemic acquired resistance, decreased in Latent Reservoirs. However, low contents of EC and high contents of H2O2 were found in the High Susceptibles of P. koraiensis. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of ans and anr was upregulated together only in Latent Reservoirs. These results show that the susceptibility of P. koraiensis to PWN differed among different individuals, although no resistant individuals were found. Latent Reservoirs, in which more PWNs resided without visible symptoms via prolonged incubation period, inhibited the symptoms caused by H2O2 because of increased contents of the EC antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Danlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Dangerous Forest Pest Management and Control, Liaoning forestry and grassland Bureau, Fushun, China
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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Bxy-octr-1 in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Gene 2022; 823:146350. [PMID: 35189249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an invasive plant-parasitic nematode causing the notorious pine wilt disease (PWD) worldwide, which results in huge economic losses. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in mating and reproduction behavior of animals. As a unique biogenic amine in invertebrates, octopamine (OA) can regulate a variety of physiological and behavioral responses by binding specific GPCRs. These specific GPCRs are also called octopamine receptors (OARs), and octr-1 is one of them. However, Bxy-octr-1 is unknown in B. xylophilus. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern and biological function of Bxy-octr-1. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Bxy-octr-1 was evolutionarily conserved. The real-time quantitative PCR data revealed that Bxy-octr-1 expression was required throughout the entire life of B. xylophilus. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that Bxy-octr-1 was mainly located in the cephalopharynx, body wall muscle, intestine, and gonadal organs of B. xylophilus. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that embryo hatching rates and locomotion speeds were both dramatically decreased. Obvious abnormal phenotypes were observed in the second-stage of juveniles after RNAi treated. Furthermore, its ontogenesis was stunting. Lack of Bxy-octr-1 reduced fecundity of females, of which 31.25% of them could not successfully ovulate. In addition, the error positioning ratio of the nematode was significantly increased. Our study suggests that Bxy-octr-1 is indispensable for locomotion, early ontogenesis and mating behavior in B. xylophilus.
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Ge SX, Shi FM, Pei JH, Hou ZH, Zong SX, Ren LL. Gut Bacteria Associated With Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Their Possible Roles in Host Plant Adaptations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687211. [PMID: 34234761 PMCID: PMC8256174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important native pest in the pine forests of northeast China and a dispersing vector of an invasive species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. To investigate the bacterial gut diversity of M. saltuarius larvae in different host species, and infer the role of symbiotic bacteria in host adaptation, we used 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics processing to obtain and compare the composition of the bacterial community and metabolites in the midguts of larvae feeding on three host tree species: Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and Pinus tabuliformis. Metabolomics in xylem samples from the three aforementioned hosts were also performed. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the larval gut. At the genus level, Klebsiella, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, and Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia were most dominant in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia, Dyella, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Mycobacterium were most dominant in P. tabuliformis feeders. Bacterial communities were similar in diversity in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while communities were highly diverse in P. tabuliformis feeders. Compared with the other two tree species, P. tabuliformis xylems had more diverse and abundant secondary metabolites, while larvae feeding on these trees had a stronger metabolic capacity for secondary metabolites than the other two host feeders. Correlation analysis of the association of microorganisms with metabolic features showed that dominant bacterial genera in P. tabuliformis feeders were more negatively correlated with plant secondary metabolites than those of other host tree feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ming Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-He Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hai Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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