1
|
Deb S, Madhavan VN, Gokulan CG, Patel HK, Sonti RV. Arms and ammunitions: effectors at the interface of rice and it's pathogens and pests. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:94. [PMID: 34792681 PMCID: PMC8602583 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system has evolved to resist attack by pathogens and pests. However, successful phytopathogens deliver effector proteins into plant cells where they hijack the host cellular machinery to suppress the plant immune responses and promote infection. This manipulation of the host cellular pathways is done by the pathogen using various enzymatic activities, protein- DNA or protein- protein interactions. Rice is one the major economically important crops and its yield is affected by several pathogens and pests. In this review, we summarize the various effectors at the plant- pathogen/ pest interface for the major pathogens and pests of rice, specifically, on the mode of action and target genes of the effector proteins. We then compare this across the major rice pathogens and pests in a bid to understand probable conserved pathways which are under attack from pathogens and pests in rice. This analysis highlights conserved patterns of effector action, as well as unique host pathways targeted by the pathogens and pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Deb
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - C. G. Gokulan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Hitendra K. Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ramesh V. Sonti
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Present Address: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Development of genic SSR marker resources from RNA-seq data in Camellia japonica and their application in the genus Camellia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9919. [PMID: 33972624 PMCID: PMC8110538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, and several species in this genus have economic importance. Although a great deal of molecular makers has been developed for molecular assisted breeding in genus Camellia in the past decade, the number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) publicly available for plants in this genus is insufficient. In this study, a total of 28,854 potential SSRs were identified with a frequency of 4.63 kb. A total of 172 primer pairs were synthesized and preliminarily screened in 10 C. japonica accessions, and of these primer pairs, 111 were found to be polymorphic. Fifty-one polymorphic SSR markers were randomly selected to perform further analysis of the genetic relationships of 89 accessions across the genus Camellia. Cluster analysis revealed major clusters corresponding to those based on taxonomic classification and geographic origin. Furthermore, all the genotypes of C. japonica separated and consistently grouped well in the genetic structure analysis. The results of the present study provide high-quality SSR resources for molecular genetic breeding studies in camellia plants.
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Huang L, Yang X, Wang L, Pan Q. Dynamics of Race Structures of Pyricularia oryzae Populations Across 18 Seasons in Guangdong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:144-148. [PMID: 32706326 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1438-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases affecting rice. Understanding how the pathogen's race structure varies over time supports the efforts of rice breeders to develop improved cultivars. Here, the race structure of P. oryzae in Guangdong province, China, where rice is cropped twice per year, was assessed over 18 seasons from 1999 through 2008. The analysis was based on the reactions of a panel of seven differential Chinese cultivars to inoculation with a set of 1,248 isolates of P. oryzae in the province. The "total race frequency" parameter ranged from 14.7 to 39.7%, and the "race diversity index" ranged from 0.63 to 0.93. Twelve (ZA63, ZA31, ZA29, ZA21, ZA13, ZA9, ZB30, ZB17, ZB8, ZB2, ZC14, and ZC8) and two (ZD8 and ZD3) races were recognized as specific to indica and japonica rice types, respectively. Of the 59 distinct races identified, only two indica type races (ZC13 and ZC15) were identified as population-common, and nine indica type races (ZB1, ZB5, ZB6, ZB7, ZB13, ZB15, ZC5, ZC13, and ZC15) and one japonica type race (ZG1) were deemed to be population-dominant; the "total top two race isolate frequency" parameter ranged from 29.8 to 74.5%. On the host side, dynamics of resistance structures of the differential set were divided into three patterns: Both Tetep and Kanto 51 expressed the highest and most stable resistance, both Sifeng 43 and Lijiangxintuanheigu conveyed much lower and unstable resistance, and Zhenlong 13, Dongnong 363, and Heijiang 18 performed intermediate and seasonally dynamic resistance. Three interesting points distinguishing race structures of P. oryzae populations in southern and northeastern China were also discussed.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yongxiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong, Liaoning 118109, China
| | - Lifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|