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Feudjio Soffack S, Melachio Tanekou TT, Farikou O, Kame Ngasse GI, Tchami Mbagnia MC, Wondji M, Wondji CS, Abd-Alla AMM, Geiger A, Simo G, Njiokou F. The internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence polymorphism brings updates to tsetse species distribution in the northern Cameroon: Importance in planning efficient vector control. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 38:216-226. [PMID: 38563591 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Vector control remains one of the best strategies to prevent the transmission of trypanosome infections in humans and livestock and, thus, a good way to achieve the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis and animal African trypanosomiasis. A key prerequisite for the success of any vector control strategy is the accurate identification and correct mapping of tsetse species. In this work, we updated the tsetse fly species identification and distribution in many geographical areas in Cameroon. Tsetse flies were captured from six localities in Cameroon, and their species were morphologically identified. Thereafter, DNA was extracted from legs of each tsetse fly and the length polymorphism of internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) region of each fly was investigated using PCR. ITS1 DNA fragments of each tsetse species were sequenced. The sequences obtained were analysed and compared to those available in GenBank. This enabled to confirm/infirm results of the morphologic identification and then, to establish the phylogenetic relationships between tsetse species. Morphologic features allowed to clearly distinguish all the tsetse species captured in the South Region of Cameroon, that is, Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera, G. caliginea and G. nigrofusca. In the northern area, G. morsitans submorsitans could also be distinguished from G. palpalis palpalis, G. tachinoides and G. fuscipes, but these three later could not be distinguished with routine morphological characters. The ITS1 length polymorphism was high among most of the studied species and allowed to identify the following similar species with a single PCR, that is, G. palpalis palpalis with 241 or 242 bp and G. tachinoides with 221 or 222 bp, G. fuscipes with 236 or 237 bp. We also updated the old distribution of tsetse species in the areas assessed, highlighting the presence of G. palpalis palpalis instead of G. fuscipes in Mbakaou, or in sympatry with G. morsitans submorsitans in Dodeo (northern Cameroon). This study confirms the presence of G. palpalis palpalis in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon. It highlights the limits of using morphological criteria to differentiate some tsetse species. Molecular tools based on the polymorphism of ITS1 of tsetse flies can differentiate tsetse species through a simple PCR before downstream analyses or vector control planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Feudjio Soffack
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Tito Tresor Melachio Tanekou
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Oumarou Farikou
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Murielle Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Geiger
- UMR177, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Gustave Simo
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Gimonneau G, Hounyèmè RE, Quartey M, Barry I, Ravel S, Boulangé A. Application of biomolecular techniques on tsetse fly puparia for species identification at larvipostion sites. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38444230 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Puparia are commonly found in tsetse fly larviposition sites during studies on larval ecology. This chitinous shell is representative of past or ongoing exploitation of these sites by tsetse flies. The morphological characteristics of the puparium are not sufficiently distinctive to allow identification of the species. This study explores the applicability of biomolecular techniques on empty puparia for tsetse fly species identification. Five techniques were compared for DNA extraction from tsetse fly puparia, 1/Chelex® 100 Resin, 2/CTAB, 3/Livak's protocol, 4/DEB + proteinase K and 5/QIAamp® DNA Mini kit, using two homogenisation methods (manual and automated). Using a combination of two primer pairs, Chelex, CTAB, and DEB + K proved the most efficient on fresh puparia with 90, 85, and 70% samples identified, respectively. Shifting from fresh to one- to nine-month-old puparia, the Chelex method gave the best result allowing species identification on puparia up to seven months old. The subsequent testing of the Chelex extraction protocol identified 152 (60%) of 252 field-collected puparia samples at species level. The results show that reliable genetic identification of tsetse flies species can be performed from empty puparia, what can prove of great interest for future ecological studies on larviposition sites. The Chelex technique was the most efficient for DNA extraction, though the age-limit of the samples stood at seven months, beyond which DNA degradation probably compromises the genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Eustache Hounyèmè
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Myra Quartey
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Barry
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Sophie Ravel
- INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Boulangé
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Kargbo A, Jallow M, Vieira TSWJ, Amoutchi AI, Koua HK, Osman AM, Vieira RFDC. Diversity of Glossinidae (Diptera) species in The Gambia in relation to vegetation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024; 33:e012623. [PMID: 38381888 PMCID: PMC10927271 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Glossina species are known to transmit African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most important infectious diseases for both livestock and humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize trapped Glossina spp. from The Gambia using morphological and molecular techniques in relation to the vegetation cover types. A line transect survey was carried out in all the administrative regions of The Gambia. Tsetse fly trapping was carried out for 14 days during each season using line transect. A total of 220 Glossina spp. specimens (117 F and 103 M) were captured, and DNA was extracted from the legs of 100 randomly selected Glossina spp. Further, DNA samples were tested by a conventional PCR assay. A total of 135/220 (61%; 95% CI: 54.6-67.8%) and 85/220 (39%; 95% CI: 32.2-45.4%) flies were identified as Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina palpalis gambiensis, respectively, with most caught during wet season (53.6%) and more females (53.2%) than males. Results of the morphological identification agreed with those of molecular identification. The type of vegetation cover significantly influenced the caught of tsetse flies. Animals and humans at the various trapping sites are at risk of being bitten by tsetse flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha Kargbo
- WASCAL-Graduate Research Program in Climate Change and Biodiversity, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, University of The Gambia, Brikama Campus, The Gambia
| | - Mamudou Jallow
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, University of The Gambia, Brikama Campus, The Gambia
| | - Thallitha Samih Wischral Jayme Vieira
- Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks - CIPHER, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Amien Isaac Amoutchi
- WASCAL-Graduate Research Program in Climate Change and Biodiversity, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Herve Koukoua Koua
- Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Aamir Muse Osman
- Laboratório de Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Somali One Health Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Department of Animal Health and Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Forestry, and Range, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira
- Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks - CIPHER, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Vreysen MJB, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K, Bouyer J, Caceres C, de Beer C, Oliveira Carvalho D, Maiga H, Mamai W, Nikolouli K, Yamada H, Pereira R. The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010-2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique. INSECTS 2021; 12:346. [PMID: 33924539 PMCID: PMC8070182 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre (formerly called Division) of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture was established in 1964 and its accompanying laboratories in 1961. One of its subprograms deals with insect pest control, and has the mandate to develop and implement the sterile insect technique (SIT) for selected key insect pests, with the goal of reducing the use of insecticides, reducing animal and crop losses, protecting the environment, facilitating international trade in agricultural commodities and improving human health. Since its inception, the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) (formerly named Entomology Unit) has been implementing research in relation to the development of the SIT package for insect pests of crops, livestock and human health. This paper provides a review of research carried out between 2010 and 2020 at the IPCL. Research on plant pests has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains, characterizing and assessing the performance of these strains (e.g., Ceratitis capitata), elucidation of the taxonomic status of several members of the Bactrocera dorsalis and Anastrepha fraterculus complexes, the use of microbiota as probiotics, genomics, supplements to improve the performance of the reared insects, and the development of the SIT package for fruit fly species such as Bactrocera oleae and Drosophila suzukii. Research on livestock pests has focused on colony maintenance and establishment, tsetse symbionts and pathogens, sex separation, morphology, sterile male quality, radiation biology, mating behavior and transportation and release systems. Research with human disease vectors has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains (Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), the development of a more cost-effective larvae and adult rearing system, assessing various aspects of radiation biology, characterizing symbionts and pathogens, studying mating behavior and the development of quality control procedures, and handling and release methods. During the review period, 13 coordinated research projects (CRPs) were completed and six are still being implemented. At the end of each CRP, the results were published in a special issue of a peer-reviewed journal. The review concludes with an overview of future challenges, such as the need to adhere to a phased conditional approach for the implementation of operational SIT programs, the need to make the SIT more cost effective, to respond with demand driven research to solve the problems faced by the operational SIT programs and the use of the SIT to address a multitude of exotic species that are being introduced, due to globalization, and established in areas where they could not survive before, due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.J.B.V.); (A.M.M.A.-A.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (C.d.B.); (D.O.C.); (H.M.); (W.M.); (K.N.); (R.P.)
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Manangwa O, De Meeûs T, Grébaut P, Ségard A, Byamungu M, Ravel S. Detecting Wahlund effects together with amplification problems: Cryptic species, null alleles and short allele dominance in Glossina pallidipes populations from Tanzania. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:757-772. [PMID: 30615304 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Population genetics is a convenient tool to study the population biology of non-model and hard to sample species. This is particularly true for parasites and vectors. Heterozygote deficits and/or linkage disequilibrium often occur in such studies and detecting the origin of those (Wahlund effect, reproductive system or amplification problems) is uneasy. We used new tools (correlation between the number of times a locus is found in significant linkage disequilibrium and its genetic diversity, correlations between Wright's FIS and FST , FIS and number of missing data, FIT and allele size and standard errors comparisons) for the first time on a real data set of tsetse flies, a vector of dangerous diseases to humans and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. With these new tools, and cleaning data from null allele, temporal heterogeneity and short allele dominance effects, we unveiled the coexistence of two highly divergent cryptic clades in the same sites. These results are in line with other studies suggesting that the biodiversity of many taxa still largely remain undescribed, in particular pathogenic agents and their vectors. Our results also advocate that including individuals from different cohorts tends to bias subdivision measures and that keeping loci with short allele dominance and/or too frequent missing data seriously jeopardize parameter's estimations. Finally, separated analyses of the two clades suggest very small tsetse densities and relatively large dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Manangwa
- Vector and Vector Borne Disease Research Institute, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Pascal Grébaut
- Intertryp, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Adeline Ségard
- Intertryp, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sophie Ravel
- Intertryp, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Kariithi HM, Meki IK, Schneider DI, De Vooght L, Khamis FM, Geiger A, Demirbaş-Uzel G, Vlak JM, iNCE IA, Kelm S, Njiokou F, Wamwiri FN, Malele II, Weiss BL, Abd-Alla AMM. Enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection: achievements, challenges and perspectives. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:179. [PMID: 30470182 PMCID: PMC6251094 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the absence of effective prophylactic vaccines and drugs against African trypanosomosis, control of this group of zoonotic neglected tropical diseases depends the control of the tsetse fly vector. When applied in an area-wide insect pest management approach, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is effective in eliminating single tsetse species from isolated populations. The need to enhance the effectiveness of SIT led to the concept of investigating tsetse-trypanosome interactions by a consortium of researchers in a five-year (2013-2018) Coordinated Research Project (CRP) organized by the Joint Division of FAO/IAEA. The goal of this CRP was to elucidate tsetse-symbiome-pathogen molecular interactions to improve SIT and SIT-compatible interventions for trypanosomoses control by enhancing vector refractoriness. This would allow extension of SIT into areas with potential disease transmission. This paper highlights the CRP's major achievements and discusses the science-based perspectives for successful mitigation or eradication of African trypanosomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Kariithi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 57811, 00200, Kaptagat Rd, Loresho, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Irene K Meki
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Daniela I Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Geiger
- INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guler Demirbaş-Uzel
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Just M Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - ikbal Agah iNCE
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sorge Kelm
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology & Chemistry, Universität Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Florence N Wamwiri
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, BP 812 Cameroon
| | - Imna I Malele
- Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Brian L Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Molecular Department, Vector and Vector Borne Diseases Institute, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Majani Mapana, Off Korogwe Road, Box, 1026 Tanga, Tanzania
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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