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Begum K, Hasan N, Shammi M. Selective biotic stressors' action on seed germination: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112156. [PMID: 38866107 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of plant biology and agriculture, seed germination serves as a fundamental process with far-reaching implications for crop production and environmental health. This comprehensive review seeks to unravel the intricate web of interactions between some biotic stressors and seed germination, addressing the pertinent issue of how these stressors influence seed germination. Different chemicals produced by interacting plants (different parts), fungi, bacteria, or insects can either promote or inhibit seed germination. Releasing chemicals that modulate signaling pathways and cellular processes significantly disrupt essential cellular functions. This disruption leads to diverse germination outcomes, introducing additional layers of complexity to this regulatory landscape. The chemicals perturb enzyme activity and membrane integrity, imposing unique challenges on the germination process. Understanding the mechanisms- how allelochemicals, mycotoxins, or bacterial toxins affect seed germination or the modes of action holds promise for more sustainable agricultural practices, enhanced pest control, and improved environmental outcomes. In sum, this review contributes to a fundamental exposition of the pivotal role of biotic stressors in shaping the germination of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohinoor Begum
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Saga University, Saga 840-8503, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Saga University, Saga 840-8503, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Fruit Science Laboratory, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
| | - Mashura Shammi
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Yu C, Liang X, Song Y, Ali Q, Yang X, Zhu L, Gu Q, Kuptsov V, Kolomiets E, Wu H, Gao X. A glycoside hydrolase 30 protein BpXynC of Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12 recognized as A MAMP triggers plant immunity response. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129750. [PMID: 38286384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. has been widely used as a biocontrol agent to control plant diseases. However, little is known about mechanisms of the protein MAMP secreted by Bacillus spp. Herein, our study reported a glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30) protein, BpXynC, produced by the biocontrol bacteria Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12, that can induce cell death in several plant species. The results revealed that the recombinant protein triggers cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana in a BAK1-dependent manner and elicits an early defense response, including ROS burst, activation of MAPK cascades, and upregulation of plant immunity marker genes. BpXynC was also found to be a glucuronoxylanase that exhibits hydrolysis activity on xlyan. Two mutants of BpXynC which lost the glucuronoxylanase activity still retained the elicitor activity. The qRT-PCR results of defense-related genes showed that BpXynC induces plant immunity responses via an SA-mediated pathway. BpXynC and its mutants could induce resistance in N. benthamiana against infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Furthermore, BpXynC-treated tomato fruits exhibited strong resistance to the infection of Phytophthora capsica. Overall, our study revealed that GH30 protein BpXynC can induce plant immunity response as MAMP, which can be further applied as a biopesticide to control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qurban Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xihao Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linli Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Vladislav Kuptsov
- State Scientific Production Association "Chemical synthesis and biotechnology", Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Emilia Kolomiets
- State Scientific Production Association "Chemical synthesis and biotechnology", Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Huijun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xuewen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhu F, Cao MY, Zhang QP, Mohan R, Schar J, Mitchell M, Chen H, Liu F, Wang D, Fu ZQ. Join the green team: Inducers of plant immunity in the plant disease sustainable control toolbox. J Adv Res 2024; 57:15-42. [PMID: 37142184 PMCID: PMC10918366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crops are constantly attacked by various pathogens. These pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, threaten global food security by causing detrimental crop diseases that generate tremendous quality and yield losses worldwide. Chemical pesticides have undoubtedly reduced crop damage; however, in addition to increasing the cost of agricultural production, the extensive use of chemical pesticides comes with environmental and social costs. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop sustainable disease prevention and control strategies to promote the transition from traditional chemical control to modern green technologies. Plants possess sophisticated and efficient defense mechanisms against a wide range of pathogens naturally. Immune induction technology based on plant immunity inducers can prime plant defense mechanisms and greatly decrease the occurrence and severity of plant diseases. Reducing the use of agrochemicals is an effective way to minimize environmental pollution and promote agricultural safety. AIM OF REVIEW The purpose of this workis to offer valuable insights into the current understanding and future research perspectives of plant immunity inducers and their uses in plant disease control, ecological and environmental protection, and sustainable development of agriculture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this work, we have introduced the concepts of sustainable and environment-friendly concepts of green disease prevention and control technologies based on plant immunity inducers. This article comprehensively summarizes these recent advances, emphasizes the importance of sustainable disease prevention and control technologies for food security, and highlights the diverse functions of plant immunity inducers-mediated disease resistance. The challenges encountered in the potential applications of plant immunity inducers and future research orientation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Meng-Yao Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qi-Ping Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | | | - Jacob Schar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Li Z, Liu J, Ma W, Li X. Characteristics, Roles and Applications of Proteinaceous Elicitors from Pathogens in Plant Immunity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020268. [PMID: 36836624 PMCID: PMC9960299 DOI: 10.3390/life13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In interactions between pathogens and plants, pathogens secrete many molecules that facilitate plant infection, and some of these compounds are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which induce immune responses. Molecules in both pathogens and plants that trigger immune responses in plants are termed elicitors. On the basis of their chemical content, elicitors can be classified into carbohydrates, lipopeptides, proteinaceous compounds and other types. Although many studies have focused on the involvement of elicitors in plants, especially on pathophysiological changes induced by elicitors in plants and the mechanisms mediating these changes, there is a lack of up-to-date reviews on the characteristics and functions of proteinaceous elicitors. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date knowledge on several important families of pathogenic proteinaceous elicitors (i.e., harpins, necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) and elicitins), focusing mainly on their structures, characteristics and effects on plants, specifically on their roles in plant immune responses. A solid understanding of elicitors may be helpful to decrease the use of agrochemicals in agriculture and gardening, generate more resistant germplasms and increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Junnan Liu
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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The Rep and C1 of Beet curly top Iran virus represent pathogenicity factors and induce hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Virus Genes 2022; 58:550-559. [PMID: 35960462 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a member of the genus Becurtovirus (Family Geminiviridae) with a circular single-strand DNA genome. BCTIV causes leaf curling and vein swelling symptoms in plants. However, the potential pathogenicity factor/s in BCTIV is/are not known. This study presents characterization of complementary-sense transcripts of BCTIV and the viral factors in directing the pathogenicity and hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In both local and systemic infection, splicing of the complementary transcripts of BCTIV was observed. Notably, a small number (8.3%) of transcripts were spliced to produce Rep (C1:C2) transcripts after deletion of 155 nt (position 1892-2046 from BCTIV). Expression of BCTIV genes in N. benthamiana using tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vector showed that Rep together with C1 are the main pathogenicity factors which cause typical viral leaf curling symptoms. In addition, the V2 caused a mild leaf curling, thickening, and asymmetric leaves, while the V1, V3, and C2 had no clear effect on the plant phenotype. Transient expression of individual viral genes showed that both the C1 and Rep trigger a HR response in N. benthamiana. The higher expression of HR marker genes, harpin-induced 1 (Hin1) and hypersensitivity-related (Hsr203JI), supported the role of C1 and Rep in HR response in plants. It is concluded that Rep and C1 are the main pathogenicity factors that also trigger HR response in plants.
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Chamkhi I, Benali T, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Plant-microbial interaction: The mechanism and the application of microbial elicitor induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:269-295. [PMID: 34391201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their receptors located in plant cells. The so-called elicitor molecules as well as their actions differ according to the mcirobes and induce different bilogical responses in plants such as the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microbial compounds induced phenotype changes in plants are known as elicitors and signaling pathways which integrate elicitor's signals in plants are called elicitation. In this review, the impact of microbial elicitors on the synthesis and the secretion of secondary metabolites in plants was highlighted. Moreover, biological properties of these bioactive compounds were also highlighted and discussed. Indeed, several bacteria, fungi, and viruses release elicitors which bind to plant cell receptors and mediate signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis. Different phytochemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were synthesized and/or increased in medicinal plants via the action of microbial elicitors. Moreover, these compounds compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and can therefore be explored in drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chamkhi
- Centre GEOPAC, Laboratoire de Geobiodiversite et Patrimoine Naturel, Université Mohammed V de, Institut Scientifique Rabat, Maroc; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Liu W, Miao W. The stability of the coiled-coil structure near to N-terminus influence the heat resistance of harpin proteins from Xanthomonas. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:344. [PMID: 33183263 PMCID: PMC7663895 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat resistance is a common characteristic of harpins, a class of proteins found in Gram-negative bacteria, which may be related to the stability of coiled-coil (CC) structure. The CC structure is a ubiquitous protein folding and assembly motif made of α-helices wrapping around each other forming a supercoil. Specifically, whether the stability of the CC structure near to N-terminus of four selected harpin proteins from Xanthomonas (hereafter referred to as Hpa1) would influence their characteristics of heat resistance was investigated. We used bioinformatics approach to predict the structure of Hpa1, used the performance of hypersensitive response (HR)-induction activity of Hpa1 and circular dichroism (CD) spectral analyses to detect the relationship between the stability of the CC structure of Hpa1 and heat resistance. RESULTS Each of four-selected Hpa1 has two α-helical regions with one in their N-terminus that could form CC structure, and the other in their C-terminus that could not. And the important amino acid residues involved in the CC motifs are located on helices present on the surface of these proteins, indicating they may engage in the formation of oligo mericaggregates, which may be responsible for HR elicitation by harpins and their high thermal stability. Increased or decreased the probability of forming a CC could either induce a stronger HR response or eliminate the ability to induce HR in tobacco after high temperature treatment. In addition, although the four Hpa1 mutants had little effect on the induction of HR by Hpa1, its thermal stability was significantly decreased. The α-helical content increased with increasing temperature, and the secondary structures of Hpa1 became almost entirely α-helices when the temperature reached 200 °C. Moreover, the stability of the CC structure near to N-terminus was found to be positively correlated with the heat resistance of Hpa1. CONCLUSIONS The stability of the CC structure might sever as an inner drive for mediating the heat resistance of harpin proteins. Our results offer a new insight into the interpretation of the mechanism involved in the heat resistance of harpin protein and provide a theoretical basis for further harpin function investigations and structure modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
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