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Montgomery VA, Wood‐Yang AJ, Styczynski MP, Prausnitz MR. Feasibility of engineered Bacillus subtilis for use as a microbiome-based topical drug delivery platform. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10645. [PMID: 39036074 PMCID: PMC11256169 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-adherence to medication is a major challenge in healthcare that results in worsened treatment outcomes for patients. Reducing the frequency of required administrations could improve adherence but is challenging for topical drug delivery due to the generally short residence time of topical formulations on the skin. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility of developing a microbiome-based, long-acting, topical delivery platform using Bacillus subtilis for drug production and delivery on the skin, which was assessed using green fluorescent protein as a model heterologous protein for delivery. We developed a computational model of bacteria population dynamics on the skin and used its qualitative predictions to guide experimental design choices. Using an ex vivo pig skin model and a human skin tissue culture model, we saw persistence of delivered bacteria for multiple days and observed little evidence of cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cells in vitro. Finally, using an in vivo mouse model, we found that the delivered bacteria persisted on the skin for at least 1 day during every-other-day application and did not appear to present safety concerns. Taken together, our results support the feasibility of using engineered B. subtilis for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Montgomery
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia TechGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Amy J. Wood‐Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mark P. Styczynski
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia TechGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Chen A, Zhu J, Liu R, Mei Y, Li L, Fan Y, Ke Y, Liu B, Liu Q. Injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel enhances anti-tumor potency of engineered Lactococcus lactis by activating dendritic cells and effective memory T cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:331-347. [PMID: 38694762 PMCID: PMC11061616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered bacteria have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy by dynamically releasing therapeutic payloads and inducing sustained antitumor immune response with the crosstalk of immune cells. In previous studies, FOLactis was designed, which could secret an encoded fusion protein of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and co-stimulator OX40 ligand, leading to remarkable tumor suppression and exerting an abscopal effect by intratumoral injection. However, it is difficult for intratumoral administration of FOLactis in solid tumors with firm texture or high internal pressure. For patients without lesions such as abdominal metastatic tumors and orthotopic gastric tumors, intratumoral injection is not feasible and peritumoral maybe a better choice. Herein, an engineered bacteria delivery system is constructed based on in situ temperature-sensitive poloxamer 407 hydrogels. Peritumoral injection of FOLactis/P407 results in a 5-fold increase in the proportion of activated DC cells and a more than 2-fold increase in the proportion of effective memory T cells (TEM), playing the role of artificial lymph island. Besides, administration of FOLactis/P407 significantly inhibits the growth of abdominal metastatic tumors and orthotopic gastric tumors, resulting in an extended survival time. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the delivery approach of engineered bacteria based on in situ hydrogel will promote the efficacy and universality of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junmeng Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi Mei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yue Fan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yaohua Ke
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Boulanger N, Insonere JLM, Van Blerk S, Barthel C, Serres C, Rais O, Roulet A, Servant F, Duron O, Lelouvier B. Cross-alteration of murine skin and tick microbiome concomitant with pathogen transmission after Ixodes ricinus bite. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 37952001 PMCID: PMC10638774 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks are major vectors of diseases affecting humans such as Lyme disease or domestic animals such as anaplasmosis. Cross-alteration of the vertebrate host skin microbiome and the tick microbiome may be essential during the process of tick feeding and for the mechanism of pathogen transmission. However, it has been poorly investigated. METHODS We used mice bitten by field-collected ticks (nymphs and adult ticks) in different experimental conditions to investigate, by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, the impact of blood feeding on both the mouse skin microbiome and the tick microbiome. We also investigated by PCR and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, the diversity of microorganisms transmitted to the host during the process of tick bite at the skin interface and the dissemination of the pathogen in host tissues (blood, heart, and spleen). RESULTS Most of the commensal bacteria present in the skin of control mice were replaced during the blood-feeding process by bacteria originating from the ticks. The microbiome of the ticks was also impacted by the blood feeding. Several pathogens including tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia/Borreliella, Anaplasma, Neoehrlichia, Rickettsia) and opportunistic bacteria (Williamsia) were transmitted to the skin microbiome and some of them disseminated to the blood or spleen of the mice. In the different experiments of this study, skin microbiome alteration and Borrelia/Borreliella transmission were different depending on the tick stages (nymphs or adult female ticks). CONCLUSIONS Host skin microbiome at the bite site was deeply impacted by the tick bite, to an extent which suggests a role in the tick feeding, in the pathogen transmission, and a potentially important impact on the skin physiopathology. The diversified taxonomic profiles of the tick microbiome were also modified by the blood feeding. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boulanger
- UR7290: Virulence bactérienne précoce: groupe Borrelia, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | - Cathy Barthel
- UR7290: Virulence bactérienne précoce: groupe Borrelia, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Serres
- Vaiomer, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège, France
| | - Olivier Rais
- Laboratoire d'écologie et d'épidémiologie parasitaires Institut de Biologie, University of Neuchatel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Roulet
- Vaiomer, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège, France
| | | | - Olivier Duron
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
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Edelkamp J, Lousada MB, Pinto D, Chéret J, Calabrese FM, Jiménez F, Erdmann H, Wessel J, Phillip B, Angelis MD, Rinaldi F, Bertolini M, Paus R. Management of the human hair follicle microbiome by a synthetic odorant. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:99-108. [PMID: 37858476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human scalp hair follicles (HFs) engage in olfactory receptor (OR)-dependent chemosensation. Activation of olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AT member 4 (OR2AT4) by the synthetic, sandalwood-like odorant Sandalore® up-regulated HF antimicrobial peptide expression of dermcidin (DCD), which had previously been thought to be produced exclusively by sweat and sebaceous glands. OBJECTIVES To understand if intrafollicular DCD production can be stimulated by a commonly used cosmetic odorant, thus altering human HF microbiome composition in a clinically beneficial manner. METHODS DCD expression was compared between fresh-frozen scalp biopsies and microdissected, full-length scalp HFs, organ-cultured in the presence/absence of the OR2AT4 agonist, Sandalore® and/or antibiotics and/or the competitive OR2AT4 antagonist, Phenirat®. Amplicon-based sequencing and microbial growth assays were performed to assess how this treatment affected the HF microbiome. RESULTS Synthetic odorant treatment upregulated epithelial DCD expression and exerted antimicrobial activity in human HFs ex vivo. Combined antibiotic and odorant treatment, during an ex vivo dysbiosis event, prevented HF tissue damage and favoured a more physiological microbiome composition. Sandalore®-conditioned medium, containing higher DCD content, favoured Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia restricta over S. aureus and M. globosa, while exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. These effects were reversed by co-administration of Phenirat®. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first proof-of-principle that a cosmetic odorant impacts the human HF microbiome by up-regulating antimicrobial peptide production in an olfactory receptor-dependent manner. Specifically, a synthetic sandalwood-like odorant stimulates intrafollicular DCD production, likely via OR2AT4, and thereby controls microbial overgrowth. Thus, deserving further exploration as an adjuvant therapeutic principle in the management of folliculitis and dysbiosis-associated hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marta B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Francisco Jiménez
- Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Julia Wessel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Phillip
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; CUTANEON Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
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Schmidt AD, Miciano C, Zheng Q, Mathyer ME, Grice EA, de Guzman Strong C. Involucrin Modulates Vitamin D Receptor Activity in the Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1052-1061.e3. [PMID: 36642403 PMCID: PMC10240284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Terminally differentiated keratinocytes are critical for epidermal function and are surrounded by involucrin (IVL). Increased IVL expression is associated with a near-selective sweep in European populations compared with those in Africa. This positive selection for increased IVL in the epidermis identifies human adaptation outside of Africa. The functional significance is unclear. We hypothesize that IVL modulates the environmentally sensitive vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the epidermis. We investigated VDR activity in Ivl‒/‒ and wild-type mice using vitamin D agonist (MC903) treatment and comprehensively determined the inflammatory response using single-cell RNA sequencing and associated skin microbiome changes using 16S bacterial phylotyping. VDR activity and target gene expression were reduced in Ivl‒/‒ mouse skin, with decreased MC903-mediated skin inflammation and significant reductions in CD4+ T cells, basophils, macrophages, monocytes, and type II basal keratinocytes and an increase in suprabasal keratinocytes. Coinciding with the dampened MC903-mediated inflammation, the skin microbiota of Ivl‒/‒ mice was more stable than that of the wild-type mice, which exhibited an MC903-responsive increase in Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes. Together, our studies in Ivl‒/‒ mice identify a functional role for IVL to positively impact VDR activity and suggest an emerging IVL/VDR paradigm for adaptation in the human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Schmidt
- Division of Dermatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charlene Miciano
- Division of Dermatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Elizabeth Mathyer
- Division of Dermatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristina de Guzman Strong
- Division of Dermatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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Wang Y, Lê Cao KA. PLSDA-batch: a multivariate framework to correct for batch effects in microbiome data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6991121. [PMID: 36653900 PMCID: PMC10025448 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are highly dynamic and sensitive to changes in the environment. Thus, microbiome data are highly susceptible to batch effects, defined as sources of unwanted variation that are not related to and obscure any factors of interest. Existing batch effect correction methods have been primarily developed for gene expression data. As such, they do not consider the inherent characteristics of microbiome data, including zero inflation, overdispersion and correlation between variables. We introduce new multivariate and non-parametric batch effect correction methods based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA). PLSDA-batch first estimates treatment and batch variation with latent components, then subtracts batch-associated components from the data. The resulting batch-effect-corrected data can then be input in any downstream statistical analysis. Two variants are proposed to handle unbalanced batch x treatment designs and to avoid overfitting when estimating the components via variable selection. We compare our approaches with popular methods managing batch effects, namely, removeBatchEffect, ComBat and Surrogate Variable Analysis, in simulated and three case studies using various visual and numerical assessments. We show that our three methods lead to competitive performance in removing batch variation while preserving treatment variation, especially for unbalanced batch $\times $ treatment designs. Our downstream analyses show selections of biologically relevant taxa. This work demonstrates that batch effect correction methods can improve microbiome research outputs. Reproducible code and vignettes are available on GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 97 Buxin Rd, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Melbourne, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Melbourne, 3052, VIC, Australia
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Yu S, Sun H, Li Y, Wei S, Xu J, Liu J. Hydrogels as promising platforms for engineered living bacteria-mediated therapeutic systems. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100435. [PMID: 36164505 PMCID: PMC9508596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of using engineered bacteria as prospective living therapeutic agents for the treatment of different diseases has been raised. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective treatment strategies remains essential to the success of living bacteria-mediated therapy. Hydrogels have presented great promise for the delivery of living bacterial therapeutics due to their tunable physicochemical properties, good bioactivities, and excellent protection of labile payloads. In this review, we summarize the hydrogel design strategies for living bacteria-mediated therapy and review the recent advances in hydrogel-based living bacterial agent delivery for the treatment of typical diseases, including those for digestive health, skin fungal infections, wound healing, vaccines, and cancer, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of these strategies in the field. It is believed that the importance of hydrogel-based living bacteria-mediated therapy is expected to further increase with the development of both synthetic biology and biomaterials science in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wei
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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A sweat-activated, wearable microbial fuel cell for long-term, on-demand power generation. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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