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Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M, Joghataei MT, Raminfard S, Mehrabi S. Astaxanthin ameliorates spinal cord edema and astrocyte activation via suppression of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of spinal cord injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3075-3086. [PMID: 37145127 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord edema is a quick-onset phenomenon with long-term effects. This complication is associated with inflammatory responses, as well as poor motor function. No effective treatment has been developed against spinal edema, which urges the need to provide novel therapies. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid with anti-inflammatory effects and a promising candidate for treating neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of AST on the inhibition of spinal cord edema, astrocyte activation, and reduction of inflammatory responsesin a rat compression spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Male rats underwent laminectomy at thoracic 8-9, and the SCI model was induced using an aneurysm clip. After SCI, rats received dimethyl sulfoxide or AST via intrathecal injection. The effects of AST were examined on the motor function, spinal cord edema, integrity of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and matrix metallopeptidase- 9 (MMP-9) post-SCI. We showed that AST potentially improved the recovery of motor function and inhibited the spinal cord edema via maintaining the integrity of BSCB, reducing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB, MMP-9 as well as downregulation of astrocyte activation (GFAP) and AQP4 expression. AST improves motor function and reduces edema and inflammatory responses in the spinal tissue. These effects are mediated by suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing post-SCI astrocyte activation, and decreasing AQP4 and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Samira Raminfard
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institue, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Jing Y, Zhang L, Chen SW, Guo Y, Ju SM, Yuan F, Chen H, Yang DX, Tian HL, Xu ZM, Ding J. Inhibiting phosphatase and actin regulator 1 expression is neuroprotective in the context of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1578-1583. [PMID: 36571365 PMCID: PMC10075113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression can be related to stroke, but it remains unclear whether changes in phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression also play a role in traumatic brain injury. In this study we found that, in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact, phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression is increased in endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. When we overexpressed phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 by injection an adeno-associated virus vector into the contused area in the traumatic brain injury mice, the water content of the brain tissue increased. However, when phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 was knocked down, the water content decreased. We also found that inhibiting phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression regulated the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, reduced aquaporin 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, inhibited neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, thereby improving neurological function. The findings from this study indicate that phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ming Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fesharaki-Zadeh A. Oxidative Stress in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113000. [PMID: 36361792 PMCID: PMC9657447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major cause of disability worldwide. It involves a complex neurometabolic cascade, including oxidative stress. The products of this manuscript is examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This process in turn leads to secondary injury cascade, which includes lipid peroxidation products. These reactions ultimately play a key role in chronic inflammation and synaptic dysfunction in a synergistic fashion. Although there are no FDA approved antioxidant therapy for TBI, there is a number of antioxidant therapies that have been tested and include free radical scavengers, activators of antioxidant systems, inhibitors of free radical generating enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant therapies have led to cognitive and functional recovery post TBI, and they offer a promising treatment option for patients recovering from TBI. Current major challenges in treatment of TBI symptoms include heterogenous nature of injury, as well as access to timely treatment post injury. The inherent benefits of antioxidant therapies include minimally reported side effects, and relative ease of use in the clinical setting. The current review also provides a highlight of the more studied anti-oxidant regimen with applicability for TBI treatment with potential use in the real clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Astaxanthin from Crustaceans and Their Byproducts: A Bioactive Metabolite Candidate for Therapeutic Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030206. [PMID: 35323505 PMCID: PMC8955251 DOI: 10.3390/md20030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food, pharma, and cosmetic industries have shown considerable interest in bioactive molecules of marine origin that show high potential for application as nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents. Astaxanthin, a lipid-soluble and orange-reddish-colored carotenoid pigment, is one of the most investigated pigments. Natural astaxanthin is mainly produced from microalgae, and it shows much stronger antioxidant properties than its synthetic counterpart. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the important aspects and recent findings associated with the possible use of crustacean byproducts as a source of astaxanthin. In the last five years of research on the crustaceans and their byproducts as a source of natural astaxanthin, there are many new findings regarding the astaxanthin content in different species and new green extraction protocols for its extraction. However, there is a lack of information on the amounts of astaxanthin currently obtained from the byproducts as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the astaxanthin production from the byproducts. Improvement in these areas would most certainly contribute to the reduction of waste and reuse in the crustacean processing industry. Successful exploitation of byproducts for recovery of this valuable compound would have both environmental and social benefits. Finally, astaxanthin’s strong biological activity and prominent health benefits have been discussed in the paper.
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TNF-α induces AQP4 overexpression in astrocytes through the NF-κB pathway causing cellular edema and apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230993. [PMID: 35260880 PMCID: PMC8935387 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is highly expressed on astrocytes and is critical for controlling brain water transport in neurological diseases. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a common cytokine found in disease microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine whether TNF-α can regulate the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of TNF-α and the cell viability was assessed through cell counting kit-8 assay and AQP4 expression was detected by qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence assays. The activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway was detected by western blot. Further, dual-luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to detect the transcriptional regulation of AQP4 by p65. These experiments demonstrated that treatment with TNF-α can lead to astrocyte edema and an increase in AQP4 expression. Following TNF-α treatment, the expression levels of P-IKKα/β-IκBα and P-p65 increased significantly over time. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p65 protein and AQP4 promoter had a robust binding effect after TNF-α treatment, and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 could inhibit these effects of TNF-α. The expression level of AQP4 was significantly decreased upon p65 interference, while the astrocyte viability was significantly increased compared to that in the TNF-α only group. In conclusion, TNF-α activated NF-κB pathway, which promoted the binding of p65 to the AQP4 gene promoter region, and enhanced AQP4 expression, ultimately reducing astrocyte viability and causing cell edema.
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Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Shah M, Jamiruddin MR, Basak D, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Ashraf GM, Najda A, El-Kott AF, Mohamed HRH, Al-Malky HS, Germoush MO, Altyar AE, Alwafai EB, Ghaboura N, Abdel-Daim MM. Therapeutic promise of carotenoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112610. [PMID: 35062074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) are naturally occurring pigments that play a significant role in averting brain disorders. More than 750 CTs are present in nature, and they are widely available in plants, microorganisms, and animals. CTs are accountable for the red, yellow, and orange pigments in several animals and plants, and these colors usually indicate various types of CTs. CTs exert various bioactive properties because of its characteristic structure, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the protective properties of CTs, levels of CTs in the human body have been markedly linked with the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases including NDs. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs. In addition, we have also particularly focused on the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of CTs in the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Debasish Basak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa B Alwafai
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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Astaxanthin as a Modulator of Nrf2, NF-κB, and Their Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Clinical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020502. [PMID: 35056816 PMCID: PMC8779084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a dietary xanthophyll predominantly found in marine organisms and seafood. Due to its unique molecular features, AST has an excellent antioxidant activity with a wide range of applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for AST against a wide range of diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation participate in a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AST regulates two relevant redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Nrf2 is a cellular sensor of electrophilic stress that coordinates the expression of a battery of defensive genes encoding antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. Likewise, NF-κB acts as a mediator of cellular stress and induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The effects of AST on the crosstalk between these transcription factors have also been discussed. Besides this, we summarize the current clinical studies elucidating how AST may alleviate the etiopathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Xia D, Qiu W, Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives of Microalgae-Derived Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:703. [PMID: 34940702 PMCID: PMC8703604 DOI: 10.3390/md19120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal cells serve as solar-powered factories that produce pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins (vaccines and drugs), and valuable natural byproducts that possess medicinal properties. The main advantages of microalgae as cell factories can be summarized as follows: they are fueled by photosynthesis, are carbon dioxide-neutral, have rapid growth rates, are robust, have low-cost cultivation, are easily scalable, pose no risk of human pathogenic contamination, and their valuable natural byproducts can be further processed. Despite their potential, there are many technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the commercial production of microalgal pharmaceuticals, and extensive studies regarding their impact on human health must still be conducted and the results evaluated. Clearly, much work remains to be done before microalgae can be used in the large-scale commercial production of pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advancements in microalgal biotechnology and its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Wen Qiu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Junying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Gong Y, Wu M, Gao F, Shi M, Gu H, Gao R, Dang BQ, Chen G. Inhibition of the p‑SPAK/p‑NKCC1 signaling pathway protects the blood‑brain barrier and reduces neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of surgical brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:717. [PMID: 34396440 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical brain injury (SBI) can disrupt the function of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB), leading to brain edema and neurological dysfunction. Thus, protecting the BBB and mitigating cerebral edema are key factors in improving the neurological function and prognosis of patients with SBI. The inhibition of WNK lysine deficient protein kinase/STE20/SPS1‑related proline/alanine‑rich kinase (SPAK) signaling ameliorates cerebral edema, and this signaling pathway regulates the phosphorylation of the downstream Na+‑K+‑Cl‑ cotransporter 1 (NKCC1). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of SPAK in SBI‑induced cerebral edema and to determine whether the SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway was involved in SBI via regulating phosphorylation. An SBI model was established in male Sprague‑Dawley rats, and the effects of SPAK on the regulation of the NKCC1 signaling pathway on BBB permeability and nerve cell apoptosis by western blotting analysis, immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL staining, Fluoro‑Jade C staining, and brain edema and nervous system scores. The results demonstrated that, compared with those in the sham group, phosphorylated (p)‑SPAK and p‑NKCC1 protein expression levels were significantly increased in the SBI model group. After inhibiting p‑SPAK, the expression level of p‑NKCC1, neuronal apoptosis and BBB permeability were significantly reduced in SBI model rats. Taken together, these findings suggested that SBI‑induced increases in p‑SPAK and p‑NKCC1 expression exacerbated post‑traumatic neural and BBB damage, which may be mediated via the ion‑transport‑induced regulation of cell edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Qi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Madboli AENA, Seif MM. Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn protects female reproductive system against carbendazim toxicity in rats: immunohistochemical, histopathological, and pathophysiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19768-19782. [PMID: 33405113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study is done to clarify the protective role of the Adiantum capillus-veneris linn plant extracts (ACVL) in Sprague-Dawley female rat reproductive organs that are intoxicated by carbendazim pesticide (CBZ). This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65. This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65 and also, description of the histopathological and pathophysiological changes. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8) and were daily treated orally for 4 weeks. The first group as a control, the second group was treated with ACVL plant extract 200 mg/kg b.w., the third group was treated with CBZ 25 mg/kg b.w., and the fourth group was treated with CBZ 25 mg + ACVL plant extract 200 mg/kg b.w. The pathophysiological results showed that in the third group, the ovarian tissue malondialdehyde content was elevated, but the fourth group exhibited it at a normal level. Reductions in the ovarian tissue content of glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and also serum FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones were observed in the third group, while, in the fourth group, all these items recorded normal level. The histopathological findings in the third group exhibited severe congestion and hemorrhage in the ovaries, oviducts, myometrium, gastric submucosa, splenic white pulps, and brain subarachnoid spaces. The fourth group showed protection from the congestion and hemorrhage, and no histopathological changes occurred. The immunohistochemical results in the third group revealed strong positive immunoreaction against the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen in the uterus and stomach. Ovaries, spleen, and brain showed moderate positive immunoreaction. The fourth group disclosed negative immunoreaction for the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen. In conclusion, CBZ toxicity induced histopathological changes in female rat reproductive organs. CBZ induced changes in the enzymatic activities measured in ovarian and brain tissue homogenates. CBZ causes an elevation in NF-ҡB P65 as an inflammatory marker, especially in the uterus and stomach. The ACVL plant extract acts as a protective factor to prevent the CBZ toxicity and also has an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the synthesis of NF-ҡB-P65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Nasser A Madboli
- Veterinary Research Division, Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Seif
- Food Industries and Nutrition Division, Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Gong Y, Wu M, Shen J, Tang J, Li J, Xu J, Dang B, Chen G. Inhibition of the NKCC1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Decreases Inflammation and Improves Brain Edema and Nerve Cell Apoptosis in an SBI Rat Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:641993. [PMID: 33867933 PMCID: PMC8044300 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.641993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical brain injury (SBI) triggers microglia to release numerous inflammatory factors, leading to brain edema and neurological dysfunction. Reducing neuroinflammation and protecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are key factors to improve the neurological function and prognosis after SBI. Na+-K+-Cl– cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) have been implicated in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by microglia in brain injury. This study aimed to establish the role of NKCC1 in inducing inflammation in SBI, as well as to determine whether NKCC1 controls the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) via phosphorylation of NF-κB in microglia, thus affecting BBB permeability and neuronal cell apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish an SBI model. This study revealed that compared with the sham group, the expression levels of p-NKCC1, p-p65-NF-κB, and related inflammatory factor proteins in SBI model group significantly increased. After p-NKCC1 was inhibited, p-p65-NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were downregulated, and nerve cell apoptosis and BBB permeability were significantly reduced. These findings suggest that the SBI-induced increase in p-NKCC1 exacerbates neuroinflammation, brain edema, and nerve function injury, which may be mediated by regulating the activity of p65-NF-κB that in turn influences the release of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinchao Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang XS, Lu Y, Li W, Tao T, Peng L, Wang WH, Gao S, Liu C, Zhuang Z, Xia DY, Hang CH, Li W. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via SIRT1/NRF2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 after traumatic brain injury in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1114-1132. [PMID: 33326114 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play key roles in traumatic brain injury. We investigated the protective effects of astaxanthin against traumatic brain injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A weight-drop model of traumatic brain injury in vivo and hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro model were established. Brain oedema, behaviour tests, western blot, biochemical analysis, lesion volume, histopathological study and cell viability were performed. KEY RESULTS Astaxanthin significantly reduced oxidative insults on Days 1, 3 and 7 after traumatic brain injury. Neuronal apoptosis was also ameliorated on Day 3. Additionally, astaxanthin improved neurological functions up to 3 weeks after traumatic brain injury. Astaxanthin treatment dramatically enhanced the expression of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2/Nrf2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), while it down-regulated the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38. Inhibition of Prx2 by siRNA injection reversed the beneficial effects of astaxanthin against traumatic brain injury. Additionally, Nrf2 knockout prevented the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in traumatic brain injury. In contrast, overexpression of Prx2 in Nrf2 knockout mice attenuated the secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury. Moreover, inhibiting SIRT1 by EX527 dramatically inhibited the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin and suppressed SIRT1/Nrf2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 pathway both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Astaxanthin improved the neurological functions and protected the brain from injury after traumatic brain injury, primarily by reducing oxidative stress and neuronal death via SIRT1/Nrf2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 signalling pathway and might be a new candidate to ameliorate traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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14
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Yuan L, Qu Y, Li Q, An T, Chen Z, Chen Y, Deng X, Bai D. Protective effect of astaxanthin against La2O3 nanoparticles induced neurotoxicity by activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf-2 signaling in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Carotenoids in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153453. [PMID: 32751250 PMCID: PMC7436041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, programmed cell death type I, is a critical part of neurodegeneration in cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. Apoptosis begins with activation of pro-death proteins Bax and Bak, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases, loss of membrane integrity of intracellular organelles, and ultimately cell death. Approaches that block apoptotic pathways may prevent or delay neurodegenerative processes. Carotenoids are a group of pigments found in fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds that possess antioxidant properties. Over the last several decades, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated a protective role of carotenoids in neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we describe functions of commonly consumed carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin and their roles in neurodegenerative disease models. We also discuss the underlying cellular mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated neuroprotection, including their antioxidant properties, role as signaling molecules, and as gene regulators that alleviate apoptosis-associated brain cell death.
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16
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Cui X, Lin Q, Liang Y. Plant-Derived Antioxidants Protect the Nervous System From Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:209. [PMID: 32760268 PMCID: PMC7372124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major disease contributing to human death and is thought to be closely related to the aging process. The rich antioxidant substances in plants have been shown to play a role in delaying aging, and in recent years, significant research has focused on also examining their potential role in AD onset and progression. Many plant-derived antioxidant research studies have provided insights for the future treatment and prevention of AD. This article reviews various types of plant-derived antioxidants with anti-aging effects on neurons. Also it distinguishes the different types of active substances that exhibit different degrees of protection for the nervous system and summarizes the mechanism thereof. Plant-derived antioxidants with neuroprotective functions can protect various components of the nervous system in a variety of ways and can have a positive impact on interventions to prevent and alleviate AD. Furthermore, when considering neuroprotective agents, glial cells also contribute to the defense of the nervous system and should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cui
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
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18
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Kumar S, Fritz Z, Sulakhiya K, Theis T, Berthiaume F. Transcriptional Factors and Protein Biomarkers as Target Therapeutics in Traumatic Spinal Cord and Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1092-1105. [PMID: 32442086 PMCID: PMC7709155 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord (SCI) and brain (TBI) are serious health problems and affect many people every year throughout the world. These devastating injuries are affecting not only patients but also their families socially as well as financially. SCI and TBI lead to neurological dysfunction besides continuous inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis followed by progressive neurodegeneration. There are well-established changes in several other processes such as gene expression as well as protein levels that are the important key factors to control the progression of these diseases. We are not yet able to collect enough knowledge on the underlying mechanisms leading to the altered gene expression profiles and protein levels in SCI and TBI. Cell loss is hastened by the induction or imbalance of pro- or anti-inflammatory expression profiles and transcription factors for cell survival after or during trauma. There is a sequence of events of dysregulation of these factors from early to late stages of trauma that opens a therapeutic window for new interventions to prevent/restrict the progression of these diseases. There has been increasing interest in the modulation of these factors for improving the patient’s quality of life by targeting both SCI and TBI. Here, we review some of the recent transcriptional factors and protein biomarkers that have been developed and discovered in the last decade in the context of targeted therapeutics for SCI and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Thomas Theis
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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19
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Di Pietro V, Yakoub KM, Caruso G, Lazzarino G, Signoretti S, Barbey AK, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Belli A, Amorini AM. Antioxidant Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030260. [PMID: 32235799 PMCID: PMC7139349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a multiplicity of causes provoking traumatic brain injury (TBI), TBI is a highly heterogeneous pathology, characterized by high mortality and disability rates. TBI is an acute neurodegenerative event, potentially and unpredictably evolving into sub-chronic and chronic neurodegenerative events, with transient or permanent neurologic, cognitive, and motor deficits, for which no valid standardized therapies are available. A vast body of literature demonstrates that TBI-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress is involved in the development of both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular defenses against this phenomenon are largely dependent on low molecular weight antioxidants, most of which are consumed with diet or as nutraceutical supplements. A large number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of antioxidant administration to decrease TBI-associated damage in various animal TBI models and in a limited number of clinical trials. Points of weakness of preclinical studies are represented by the large variability in the TBI model adopted, in the antioxidant tested, in the timing, dosages, and routes of administration used, and in the variety of molecular and/or neurocognitive parameters evaluated. The analysis of the very few clinical studies does not allow strong conclusions to be drawn on the real effectiveness of antioxidant administration to TBI patients. Standardizing TBI models and different experimental conditions, as well as testing the efficacy of administration of a cocktail of antioxidants rather than only one, should be mandatory. According to some promising clinical results, it appears that sports-related concussion is probably the best type of TBI to test the benefits of antioxidant administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Kamal M. Yakoub
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute – IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy;
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- UOC Neurochirurgia, ASL Roma2, S. Eugenio Hospital, Piazzale dell’Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Wang T, Wang Y, Liu L, Jiang Z, Li X, Tong R, He J, Shi J. Research progress on sirtuins family members and cell senescence. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112207. [PMID: 32222662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is a phenomenon of gradual decline and loss of cell, tissue, organ and other functions under the action of external environment and internal factors. It is mainly related to genomic instability, telomere wear, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein balance disorder, antioxidant damage, microRNA expression disorder and so on. Sirtuins protein is a kind of deacetylase which can regulate cell metabolism and participate in a variety of cell physiological functions. It has been found that sirtuins family can prolong the lifespan of yeast. Sirtuins can inhibit human aging through many signaling pathways, including apoptosis signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, sirtuins signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and so on. Based on this, this paper reviews the action principle of anti-aging star members of sirtuins family Sirt1, Sirt3 and Sirt6 on anti-aging related signaling pathways and typical compounds, in order to provide ideas for the screening of anti-aging compounds of sirtuins family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Song J, Gao X, Tang Z, Li H, Ruan Y, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Jiang H. Protective effect of Berberine on reproductive function and spermatogenesis in diabetic rats via inhibition of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway. Andrology 2020; 8:793-806. [PMID: 32012485 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces impairment of male reproductive system and is considered as a key factor that could partially provide an explanation for male infertility. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying DM-induced infertility will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic stratagems. OBJECTIVES To delineate the role of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway in DM-induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. Additionally, to investigate the protective effect of monomeric Berberine (BB) that inhibits ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway, in the pathogenesis of DM-induced infertility. METHODS 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, DM group, control plus BB group, and DM plus BB group. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM. After treating the rats with BB for 4 weeks, fertility tests were conducted to investigate the reproductive function, and testis weight along with sperm motility was assessed through microscope. Oxidative stress was evaluated by DHE staining. TUNEL staining was utilized to detect the state of apoptosis. Cell experiments were carried out to define the role of BB in vitro. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were employed to measure the protein expression. RESULTS Our results indicate that the reproductive function of DM rats was low, accompanied by decreased testis weight and sperm motility in addition to the impairment of the seminiferous tubules. However, there was a significant improvement in the reproductive function parameters in the BB-treated DM rats. Subsequently, our data revealed that DM rats produce an increased level of ROS in the testis, which activates JAK2 further activating the NFκB pathway, leading to increased apoptosis and impaired cells in the testicles. However, BB could attenuate the ROS production and abrogate activation of JAK2/NFκB pathway, thus inhibiting the apoptosis in the testicular cells of DM rats. CONCLUSION ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway is involved in the DM-induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. BB can play a protective role in preserving the reproductive function and spermatogenesis in DM by inhibiting ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Song
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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Faraone I, Sinisgalli C, Ostuni A, Armentano MF, Carmosino M, Milella L, Russo D, Labanca F, Khan H. Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104689. [PMID: 32057895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the latest decades, the interest on the effectiveness of natural compounds and their impact on human health constantly increased, especially on those demonstrating to be effective on cancer. Molecules coming from nature are currently used in chemotherapy like Taxol, Vincristine or Vinblastine, and several other natural substances have been showed to be active in reducing cancer cell progression and migration. Among them, astaxanthin, a xanthophyll red colored carotenoid, displayed different biological activities including, antinflammatory, antioxidant, proapoptotic, and anticancer effects. It can induce apoptosis through downregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2, p-Bad, and survivin) expression and upregulation of proapoptotic ones (Bax/Bad and PARP). Thanks to these mechanisms, it can exert anticancer effects towards colorectal cancer, melanoma, or gastric carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, it possesses antiproliferative activity in many experimental models and enhances the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapic drugs on tumor cells underling its potential future use. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the anticancer potential of astaxanthin by modulating several molecular targets. While it has been clearly demonstrated its multitarget activity in the prevention and regression of malignant cells in in vitro or in preclinical investigations, further clinical studies are needed to assess its real potential as anticancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Faraone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinisgalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Armentano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy; BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Labanca
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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23
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Song S, Luo L, Sun B, Sun D. Roles of glial ion transporters in brain diseases. Glia 2019; 68:472-494. [PMID: 31418931 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to acute or chronic brain injuries, these ion transporters can be activated and differentially regulate glial functions, which has subsequent impact on brain injury or tissue repair and functional recovery. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about major glial ion transporters, including Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHE), Na+ /Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+ -K+ -Cl- cotransporters (NKCC), and Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporters (NBC). In acute neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), these ion transporters are rapidly activated and play significant roles in regulation of the intra- and extracellular pH, Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and myelin formation. However, overstimulation of these ion transporters can contribute to glial apoptosis, demyelination, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. In chronic brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), glial ion transporters are involved in the glioma Warburg effect, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damages. These findings suggest that glial ion transporters are involved in tissue structural and functional restoration, or brain injury and neurological disease development and progression. A better understanding of these ion transporters in acute and chronic neurological diseases will provide insights for their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lanxin Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin: Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142640. [PMID: 31330843 PMCID: PMC6680436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the leading causes of human disability and mortality, neurological diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are on the rise. Although the general roles of several signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders have so far been identified, the exact pathophysiology of neuronal disorders and their effective treatments have not yet been precisely elucidated. This requires multi-target treatments, which should simultaneously attenuate neuronal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In this regard, astaxanthin (AST) has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain and spinal cord injuries, neuropathic pain (NP), aging, depression, and autism. The present review highlights the neuroprotective effects of AST mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties that underlies its pharmacological mechanisms of action to tackle neurodegeneration. The need to develop novel AST delivery systems, including nanoformulations, targeted therapy, and beyond, is also considered.
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25
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Xu Y, Yao S, Gao D, Li W, Zheng D, Zhang Q. Effect of astaxanthin on apoptosis of rat renal tubular epithelial cells induced by iohexol. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3039-3047. [PMID: 31217873 PMCID: PMC6556630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contrast acute kidney injury refers to acute renal failure due to the application of contrast agents. Astaxanthin, as an antioxidant, can improve early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats. However, the mechanism of astaxanthin for renal protection is still unclear. In this study, the rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were treated with iohexol, astaxanthin, astaxanthin plus nicotinamide and nicotinamide. Subsequently, the nuclear morphology was observed by fluorescence staining of DAPI DNA, the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 and the SIRT1, P53, Bax, Bcl-2 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting. We found that astaxanthin can reduce nuclear pyknosis and nuclear deep staining, decrease the number of apoptotic cells, up-regulate the expression of proapoptotic proteins P53 and Bax and up-regulate the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 by increasing SIRT1 expression level, thereby exerting protective effects on renal tubular epithelial cells. At the same time, nicotinamide has the opposite effect on the NRK-52E compared with astaxanthin. These results indicated that astaxanthin may provide a new option for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shun Yao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
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26
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Kong L, Yao Y, Xia Y, Liang X, Ni Y, Yang J. Osthole alleviates inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:349-360. [PMID: 31056982 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1608560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurotrosis disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which has dramatic consequences on the integrity of damaged tissue. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and anti-inflammatory actions of osthole, a natural coumarin derivative, in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models. We first prepared a mouse model of cortical stab wound brain injury, investigated the capacity for osthole to prevent secondary brain injury and further examined the underlying mechanism. We revealed that osthole significantly improved the neurological function, increased the number of neurons beside injured site. Additionally, osthole treatment reduced the expression of microglia and glial scar, lowered the level of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, the protective effect of osthole was also examined in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to scratch injury. Treatment of osthole prominently suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors release by blocking injury-induced IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, and upregulated the IκB-α which functions in the NF-κB signaling pathway of SH-SY5Y cells. However, NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, the anti-inflammatory effect of osthole was abolished. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that osthole attenuated inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yang Xia
- b Department of Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Xicai Liang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingnan Ni
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
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27
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Wang XJ, Tian DC, Wang FW, Zhang MH, Fan CD, Chen W, Wang MH, Fu XY, Ma JK. Astaxanthin inhibits homocysteine‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction via the regulation of the reactive oxygen species‑dependent VEGF‑VEGFR2‑FAK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4753-4760. [PMID: 31059085 PMCID: PMC6522805 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) can cause severe damage to vascular endothelial cells. Hcy‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction contributes to the occurrence and development of human cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). Our previous studies have revealed that astaxanthin (ATX) exhibits novel cardioprotective activity against Hcy‑induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, the protective effect and mechanism of ATX against Hcy‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction requires further investigation. In the present study, treatment of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Hcy inhibited the migration, invasive and tube formation potentials of these cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Hcy treatment further induced a time‑dependent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated (p)‑Tyr‑VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and p‑Tyr397‑focal adhesion kinase (FAK). On the contrary, ATX pre‑treatment significantly inhibited Hcy‑induced cytotoxicity and increased HUVEC migration, invasion and tube formation following Hcy treatment. The mechanism of action may involve the effective inhibition of Hcy‑induced ROS generation and the recovery of FAK phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings suggested that ATX could inhibit Hcy‑induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing Hcy‑induced activation of the VEGF‑VEGFR2‑FAK signaling axis, which indicates the novel therapeutic potential of ATX in treating Hcy‑mediated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi Affiliated to Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Da-Chen Tian
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi Affiliated to Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Wen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Dong Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi Affiliated to Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi Affiliated to Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Kui Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, P.R. China
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28
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Hsu Y, Chang Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Chen H, Lee D, Yang S, Tsai C, Lien C, Chern Y. Enhanced Na
+
‐K
+
‐2Cl
‐
cotransporter 1 underlies motor dysfunction in huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:845-857. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ting Hsu
- PhD Program for Translational MedicineChina Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of NeurologyChina Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Gin Chang
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chao Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kai‐Yi Wang
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ding‐Jin Lee
- PhD Program for Translational MedicineChina Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sung‐Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri‐Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chon‐Haw Tsai
- PhD Program for Translational MedicineChina Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of NeurologyChina Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Chang Lien
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- PhD Program for Translational MedicineChina Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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29
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Hsu YT, Chang YG, Chern Y. Insights into GABA Aergic system alteration in Huntington's disease. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180165. [PMID: 30518638 PMCID: PMC6303784 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive impairments. There is still no effective therapy to delay or halt the disease progress. The striatum and cortex are two particularly affected brain regions that exhibit dense reciprocal excitatory glutamate and inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) connections. Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signalling is known to greatly affect motor and cognitive processes. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that disrupted GABAergic circuits underlie HD pathogenesis. In the present review, we focused on the multiple defects recently found in the GABAergic inhibitory system, including altered GABA level and synthesis, abnormal subunit composition and distribution of GABAA receptors and aberrant GABAA receptor-mediated signalling. In particular, the important role of cation–chloride cotransporters (i.e. NKCC1 and KCC2) is discussed. Recent studies also suggest that neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the abnormal GABAergic inhibition in HD. Thus, GABAA receptors and cation–chloride cotransporters are potential therapeutic targets for HD. Given the limited availability of therapeutic treatments for HD, a better understanding of GABAergic dysfunction in HD could provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Hsu
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yijuang Chern
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Bai F, Fang L, Hu H, Yang Y, Feng X, Sun D. Vanillic acid mitigates the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:531-537. [PMID: 30422751 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1543015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic allergic ailment affecting a considerably large population of the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative effects of vanillic acid against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model. Asthma was induced in Sprague Dawley rats and vanillic acid was orally administered at 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Rats challenged with OVA showed heavy signs of airway inflammation and remodeling similar to chronic asthma, evidenced by the increased differential cell counts and presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), along with elevated serum immunoglobulin levels, and the histological results. However, vanillic acid dose-dependently attenuated the manifestation of OVA-induced asthma (p < 0.05) through suppression of inflammatory mediators and modulation of immunoglobulin levels in rats. The asthma mitigating properties of vanillic acid might be due to suppression of oxidative stress and prevention of lung airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- a Department of Child Healthcare , Northwest Women and Children Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Liyun Fang
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Yang Yang
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Xianxian Feng
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Daqing Sun
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
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31
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Liu ZC, Meng LQ, Song JH, Gao J. Dynamic protein expression of NF-κB following rat intracerebral hemorrhage and its association with apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3903-3908. [PMID: 30344667 PMCID: PMC6176140 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dynamic protein expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and apoptosis in the cerebral tissue surrounding hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. A total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into a sham-surgery group and an ICH group. The ICH model was established by injecting autogenous non-heparin anticoagulant arterial blood into the caudate putamen. NF-κB levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry at different time points subsequent to surgery, and apoptosis condition was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Different levels of NF-κB were expressed in the cerebral tissue around the ICH at each time point in the ICH group. NF-κB protein expression was detected at 3 h following hemorrhage, mainly in the cytoplasm. Following 6 h, NF-κB was identified in the nucleus. Its expression peaked at 72 h following hemorrhage, and persisted for 5 days. Apoptosis was observed 6 h following hemorrhage, and had increased significantly by 12 h. The rate of apoptosis continued to rise from 72-120 h following hemorrhage. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between NF-κB expression and apoptosis (r=0.753; P<0.01). The enhancement of NF-κB expression and apoptosis around ICH, and the significant positive correlation between NF-κB expression and apoptosis, indicates that NF-κB activation may enhance cerebral apoptosis in rats following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiu Meng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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32
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Ren X, Ding W, Yang X. [Effect of astaxanthin on the apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:548-553. [PMID: 29806341 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201712127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the effects of astaxanthin on the apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods One hundred and forty-four healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into experimental group, control group, and sham group according to the random number table ( n=48). In the control group and the experimental group, the modified Allen's method was used to make the spinal cord injury model; in the sham group, only the lamina was cut without damaging the spinal cord. At immediate after operation, the rats in the experimental group were given intragastric administration of astaxanthin (75 mg/kg) twice a day; and the rats in the control group and the sham group were given equal amount of olive oil by gavage twice a day. BBB score was used to assess the motor function at 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after operation. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method at 24 hours after operation; and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the xanthine oxidase method. Apoptosis index (AI) was determined by TUNEL method at 6, 24, and 48 hours after operation. At 48 hours after operation, the water content of spinal cord was measured by dry-wet weight method, the lesion ratio of spinal cord was calculated, the ultrastructure of the spinal cord was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and ultrastructure scoring was performed using the Kaptanoglu score method. Results The BBB score in the control group and the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the sham group at each postoperative time point ( P<0.05); and the BBB score in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group at 1-4 weeks postoperatively ( P<0.05). The MDA content in the control group and the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the sham group at 24 hours after operation, and in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group ( P<0.05). The SOD activity in the control group and the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the sham group, and in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group ( P<0.05). At each time point postoperatively, the AI in the control group and the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the sham group, and in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group ( P<0.05). At 48 hours after operation, the water content of spinal cord, the lesion ratio of spinal cord, and the ultrastructure score in the control group and the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the sham group, and in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Astaxanthin can inhibit the lipid peroxidation, reduce the apoptosis, reduce the spinal cord edema, reduce the spinal cord lesion, reduce the histopathological damage after spinal cord injury, and improve the motor function of rats with spinal cord injury, and protect the spinal cord tissue, showing an obvious neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130041,
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130041, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130041, P.R.China
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33
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Recent Advances in Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Carotenoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4120458. [PMID: 29849893 PMCID: PMC5926482 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids, symmetrical tetraterpenes with a linear C40 hydrocarbon backbone, are natural pigment molecules produced by plants, algae, and fungi. Carotenoids have important functions in the organisms (including animals) that obtain them from food. Due to their characteristic structure, carotenoids have bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy-modulatory activities. Given the protective function of carotenoids, their levels in the human body have been significantly associated with the treatment and prevention of various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the latest studies on the effects of carotenoids on neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Furthermore, animal and cellular model studies on the beneficial effects of carotenoids on neurodegeneration are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms and limitations of carotenoids in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases.
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Hwang YH, Hong SG, Mun SK, Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Kim JJ, Kang KY, Yee ST. The Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on the OVA-Induced Asthma Mice Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112019. [PMID: 29160801 PMCID: PMC6150233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although astaxanthin has a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidant effects, inhibitory effects on skin deterioration and anti-inflammatory effects, its effect on asthma has not been studied. In this paper, the inhibitory effect of astaxanthin on airway inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma was investigated. We evaluated the number of total cells, Th1/2 mediated inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway hyperresponsiveness as well as histological structure. The level of total IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, OVA-specific IgG1, and OVA-specific IgG2a were also examined. The oral administration of 50 mg/mL astaxanthin inhibited the respiratory system resistance, elastance, newtonian resistance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance. Also, astaxanthin suppressed the total cell number, IL-4, and IL-5, and increased the IFN-γ in the BALF. In the sera, total IgE, IgG1, and OVA-specific IgG1 were reduced by astaxanthin exposure and IgG2a and OVA-specific IgG2a were enhanced via oral administration of astaxanthin. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung, production of mucus, lung fibrosis, and expression of caspase-1 or caspase-3 were suppressed in OVA-induced asthmatic animal treated with astaxanthin. These results suggest that astaxanthin may have therapeutic potential for treating asthma via inhibiting Th2-mediated cytokine and enhancing Th1-mediated cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ho Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seong-Gyeol Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seul-Ki Mun
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sung-Ju Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Biopolis Way, No. 02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore;
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon 540-950, Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 540-950, Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (S.-G.H.); (S.-K.M.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3752; Fax: +82-61-750-3708
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Pan T, Chen R, Wu D, Cai N, Shi X, Li B, Pan J. Alpha-Mangostin suppresses interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis in rat chondrocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and delays the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yu Y, Cao F, Ran Q, Wang F. Long non-coding RNA Gm4419 promotes trauma-induced astrocyte apoptosis by targeting tumor necrosis factor α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:478-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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