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López-Martín E, Sueiro-Benavides R, Leiro-Vidal JM, Rodríguez-González JA, Ares-Pena FJ. Redox cell signalling triggered by black carbon and/or radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Influence on cell death. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176023. [PMID: 39244061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The capacity of environmental pollutants to generate oxidative stress is known to affect the development and progression of chronic diseases. This scientific review identifies previously published experimental studies using preclinical models of exposure to environmental stress agents, such as black carbon and/or RF-EMF, which produce cellular oxidative damage and can lead to different types of cell death. We summarize in vivo and in vitro studies, which are grouped according to the mechanisms and pathways of redox activation triggered by exposure to BC and/or EMF and leading to apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and cuproptosis. The possible mechanisms are considered in relation to the organ, cell type and cellular-subcellular interaction with the oxidative toxicity caused by BC and/or EMF at the molecular level. The actions of these environmental pollutants, which affect everyday life, are considered separately and together in experimental preclinical models. However, for overall interpretation of the data, toxicological studies must first be conducted in humans, to enable possible risks to human health to be established in relation to the progression of chronic diseases. Further actions should take pollution levels into account, focusing on the most vulnerable populations and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Martín
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Santiago de Compostela, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rosana Sueiro-Benavides
- Institute of Research in Biological and Chemical Analysis, IAQBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M Leiro-Vidal
- Institute of Research in Biological and Chemical Analysis, IAQBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan A Rodríguez-González
- Department of Applied Physics, Santiago de Compostela School of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ares-Pena
- Department of Applied Physics, Santiago de Compostela School of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Evans CW, Egid A, Mamsa SSA, Paterson DJ, Ho D, Bartlett CA, Fehily B, Lins BR, Fitzgerald M, Hackett MJ, Smith NM. Elemental Mapping in a Preclinical Animal Model Reveals White Matter Copper Elevation in the Acute Phase of Central Nervous System Trauma. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3518-3527. [PMID: 37695072 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical events following trauma to the central nervous system could assist in identifying causative mechanisms and potential interventions to protect neural tissue. Here, we apply a partial optic nerve transection model of injury in rats and use synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to perform elemental mapping of metals (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) and other related elements (P, S, Cl) in white matter tracts. The partial optic nerve injury model and spatial precision of microscopy allow us to obtain previously unattained resolution in mapping elemental changes in response to a primary injury and subsequent secondary effects. We observed significant elevation of Cu levels at multiple time points following the injury, both at the primary injury site and in neural tissue near the injury site vulnerable to secondary damage, as well as significant changes in Cl, K, P, S, and Ca. Our results suggest widespread metal dyshomeostasis in response to central nervous system trauma and that altered Cu homeostasis may be a specific secondary event in response to white matter injury. The findings highlight metal homeostasis as a potential point of intervention in limiting damage following nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Abigail Egid
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Somayra S A Mamsa
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Diwei Ho
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Brooke Fehily
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brittney R Lins
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark J Hackett
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nicole M Smith
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Dorrian RM, Berryman CF, Lauto A, Leonard AV. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive functional improvements. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1095259. [PMID: 36816852 PMCID: PMC9936196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1095259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that causes severe loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Additionally, many individuals experience chronic neuropathic pain that is often refractory to interventions. While treatment options to improve outcomes for individuals with SCI remain limited, significant research efforts in the field of electrical stimulation have made promising advancements. Epidural electrical stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and functional electrical stimulation have shown promising improvements for individuals with SCI, ranging from complete weight-bearing locomotion to the recovery of sexual function. Despite this, there is a paucity of mechanistic understanding, limiting our ability to optimize stimulation devices and parameters, or utilize combinatorial treatments to maximize efficacy. This review provides a background into SCI pathophysiology and electrical stimulation methods, before exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms suggested in the literature. We highlight several key mechanisms that contribute to functional improvements from electrical stimulation, identify gaps in current knowledge and highlight potential research avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Dorrian
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,*Correspondence: Ryan M. Dorrian,
| | | | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna V. Leonard
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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4
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Moura DMS, Brennan EJ, Brock R, Cocas LA. Neuron to Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Synapses: Protagonists in Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination, and Targets for Therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779125. [PMID: 35115904 PMCID: PMC8804499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuronal circuitry required for cognition, complex motor behaviors, and sensory integration requires myelination. The role of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia in shaping synapses and circuits have been covered in other reviews in this journal and elsewhere. This review summarizes the role of another glial cell type, oligodendrocytes, in shaping synapse formation, neuronal circuit development, and myelination in both normal development and in demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes ensheath and insulate neuronal axons with myelin, and this facilitates fast conduction of electrical nerve impulses via saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes also proliferate during postnatal development, and defects in their maturation have been linked to abnormal myelination. Myelination also regulates the timing of activity in neural circuits and is important for maintaining the health of axons and providing nutritional support. Recent studies have shown that dysfunction in oligodendrocyte development and in myelination can contribute to defects in neuronal synapse formation and circuit development. We discuss glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors and voltage gated ion channel expression and function in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We explain the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission on oligodendrocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination. We then focus on how our understanding of the synaptic connectivity between neurons and OPCs can inform future therapeutics in demyelinating disease, and discuss gaps in the literature that would inform new therapies for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. S. Moura
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Emma J. Brennan
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Robert Brock
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Laura A. Cocas
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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5
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Hou P, Du X, An H. Editorial: Ion Channels: Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:797327. [PMID: 34867195 PMCID: PMC8636780 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Hou
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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6
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Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Yakymenko I, Chrousos GP. Human‑made electromagnetic fields: Ion forced‑oscillation and voltage‑gated ion channel dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA damage (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:92. [PMID: 34617575 PMCID: PMC8562392 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency (RF) band which is always combined with ELF, may lead to DNA damage. DNA damage is connected with cell death, infertility and other pathologies, including cancer. ELF exposure from high‑voltage power lines and complex RF exposure from wireless communication antennas/devices are linked to increased cancer risk. Almost all human‑made RF EMFs include ELF components in the form of modulation, pulsing and random variability. Thus, in addition to polarization and coherence, the existence of ELFs is a common feature of almost all human‑made EMFs. The present study reviews the DNA damage and related effects induced by human‑made EMFs. The ion forced‑oscillation mechanism for irregular gating of voltage‑gated ion channels on cell membranes by polarized/coherent EMFs is extensively described. Dysfunction of ion channels disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations, which determine the cell's electrochemical balance and homeostasis. The present study shows how this can result in DNA damage through reactive oxygen species/free radical overproduction. Thus, a complete picture is provided of how human‑made EMF exposure may indeed lead to DNA damage and related pathologies, including cancer. Moreover, it is suggested that the non‑thermal biological effects attributed to RF EMFs are actually due to their ELF components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J. Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Electromagnetic Field-Biophysics Research Laboratory, 10681 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Karabarbounis
- Department of Physics, Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Igor Yakymenko
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Public Health, Kyiv Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Rhee J, Shih KC. Use of Gene Therapy in Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection: Current Concepts and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040581. [PMID: 33920974 PMCID: PMC8071340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically reviewed published translational research on gene-based therapy for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotection. A search was conducted on Entrez PubMed on 23 December 2020 using the keywords "gene therapy", "retinal ganglion cell" and "neuroprotection". The initial search yielded 82 relevant articles. After restricting publications to those with full text available and in the English language, and then curating for only original articles on gene-based therapy, the final yield was 18 relevant articles. From the 18 papers, 17 of the papers utilized an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector for gene therapy encoding specific genes of interest. Specifically, six of the studies utilized an AAV vector encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two of the studies utilized an AAV vector encoding erythropoietin (EPO), the remaining 10 papers utilized AAV vectors encoding different genes and one microRNA study. Although the literature shows promising results in both in vivo and in vitro models, there is still a significant way to go before gene-based therapy for RGC neuroprotection can proceed to clinical trials. Namely, the models of injury in many of the studies were more acute in nature, unlike the more progressive and neurodegenerative pathophysiology of diseases, such as glaucoma. The regulation of gene expression is also highly unexplored despite the use of AAV vectors in the majority of the studies reviewed. It is also expected that with the successful launch of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccinations in 2020, we will see a shift towards this technology for gene-based therapy in glaucoma neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Rhee
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Cullen CL, Pepper RE, Clutterbuck MT, Pitman KA, Oorschot V, Auderset L, Tang AD, Ramm G, Emery B, Rodger J, Jolivet RB, Young KM. Periaxonal and nodal plasticities modulate action potential conduction in the adult mouse brain. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108641. [PMID: 33472075 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system myelination increases action potential conduction velocity. However, it is unclear how myelination is coordinated to ensure the temporally precise arrival of action potentials and facilitate information processing within cortical and associative circuits. Here, we show that myelin sheaths, supported by mature oligodendrocytes, remain plastic in the adult mouse brain and undergo subtle structural modifications to influence action potential conduction velocity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and spatial learning, two stimuli that modify neuronal activity, alter the length of the nodes of Ranvier and the size of the periaxonal space within active brain regions. This change in the axon-glial configuration is independent of oligodendrogenesis and robustly alters action potential conduction velocity. Because aptitude in the spatial learning task was found to correlate with action potential conduction velocity in the fimbria-fornix pathway, modifying the axon-glial configuration may be a mechanism that facilitates learning in the adult mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | | | - Kimberley A Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Alexander D Tang
- Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Renaud B Jolivet
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
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9
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Potential Mechanisms of Yifei Sanjie Formula in Treating Pulmonary Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8887017. [PMID: 33335558 PMCID: PMC7722457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8887017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Yifei Sanjie Formula (YFSJF) is an effective formula on pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which has been used in clinic for more than 30 years. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of YFSJF in treating PF, network pharmacology was used to predict the cooperative ingredients and associated pathways. Methods Firstly, we collected potential active ingredients of YFSJF by TCMSP databases. Secondly, we obtained PF-associated targets through OMIM and Genecards database. Finally, metascape was applied for the analysis of GO terms and KEGG pathways. Results We screened out 76 potential active ingredients and 98 associated proteins. A total of 5715 items were obtained by GO enrichment analysis (P < 0.05), including 4632 biological processes, 444 cellular components, and 639 molecular functions. A total of 143 related KEGG pathways were enriched (P < 0.05), including IL-17 signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, TH17 cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion YFSJF can interfere with immune and inflammatory response through multiple targets and pathways, which has a certain role in the treatment of PF. This study lays a foundation for future experimental research.
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10
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Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Upregulates a Neurotoxic Conotoxin-Like Protein Encrypted Within Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071584. [PMID: 32629888 PMCID: PMC7407490 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron degeneration and spinal cord demyelination are hallmark pathological events in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Endogenous retrovirus-K (ERVK) expression has an established association with ALS neuropathology, with murine modeling pointing to a role for the ERVK envelope (env) gene in disease processes. Here, we describe a novel viral protein cryptically encoded within the ERVK env transcript, which resembles two distinct cysteine-rich neurotoxic proteins: conotoxin proteins found in marine snails and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Tat protein. Consistent with Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-induced retrotransposon expression, the ERVK conotoxin-like protein (CTXLP) is induced by inflammatory signaling. CTXLP is found in the nucleus, impacting innate immune gene expression and NF-κB p65 activity. Using human autopsy specimens from patients with ALS, we further showcase CTXLP expression in degenerating motor cortex and spinal cord tissues, concomitant with inflammation linked pathways, including enhancement of necroptosis marker mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein and oligodendrocyte maturation/myelination inhibitor Nogo-A. These findings identify CTXLP as a novel ERVK protein product, which may act as an effector in ALS neuropathology.
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11
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Lin X, Wu JF, Wang DM, Zhang J, Zhang WJ, Xue G. The correlation and role analysis of KCNK2/4/5/15 in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma microenvironment. J Cancer 2020; 11:5162-5176. [PMID: 32742463 PMCID: PMC7378911 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: KCNKs, potassium two pore domain channel family K members, can maintain the resting potential, regulate the amplitude and duration of the plateau of the action potential, and change the membrane potential and membrane excitability. Evidence from many studies indicates that KCNKs is abnormally expressed in many solid tumors and plays a regulatory role in the development and malignant progression of cancer. However, the expression pattern and prognostic value of KCNK factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma have not been reported. Methods: In this study, we used the data from databases such as ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal to perform bioinformatics analysis of KCNK factors in patients with thyroid cancer. Results: We found that the mRNA expression of KCNK1, KCNK5, KCNK6, KCNK7, and KCNK15 were significantly higher in thyroid cancer tissues than that in normal tissues, while KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK9, KCNK16 and KCNK17 mRNA levels were decreased compared to normal tissues. And the expression levels of KCNK1/2/4/5/6/7/15 were correlated with the tumor stage. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that KCNK2/3/4/5/12/15 were associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Finally, the results of ROC curves, immunohistochemical staining, immune cell infiltration and kinase / miRNA / transcription factor regulation showed that KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK5 and KCNK15 levels could be used as biomarkers for PTC diagnosis. This study implied that KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK5 and KCNK15 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with thyroid cancer and these genes are new biomarkers for the therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jing-Fang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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12
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O'Hare Doig RL, Santhakumar S, Fehily B, Raja S, Solomon T, Bartlett CA, Fitzgerald M, Hodgetts SI. Acute Cellular and Functional Changes With a Combinatorial Treatment of Ion Channel Inhibitors Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:85. [PMID: 32670018 PMCID: PMC7331598 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the extent of secondary degeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI) is necessary to preserve function, but treatment options have thus far been limited. A combination of the ion channel inhibitors Lomerizine (Lom), YM872 and oxATP, to inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors, and purinergic P2X7 receptors respectively, effectively limits secondary consequences of injury in in vitro and in vivo models of CNS injury. Here, we investigated the efficacy of these inhibitors in a clinically relevant model of SCI. Fischer (F344) rats were subjected to a moderate (150 kD) contusive SCI at thoracic level T10 and assessed at 2 weeks or 10 weeks post-injury. Lom was delivered orally twice daily and YM872 and oxATP were delivered via osmotic mini-pump implanted at the time of SCI until 2 weeks following injury. Open field locomotion analysis revealed that treatment with the three inhibitors in combination improved the rate of functional recovery of the hind limb (compared to controls) as early as 1-day post-injury, with beneficial effects persisting to 14 days post-injury, while all three inhibitors were present. At 2 weeks following combinatorial treatment, the functional improvement was associated with significantly decreased cyst size, increased immunoreactivity of β-III tubulin+ve axons, myelin basic protein, and reduced lipid peroxidation by-products, and increased CC1+ve oligodendrocytes and NG2+ve/PDGFα+ve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell densities, compared to vehicle-treated SCI animals. The combination of Lom, oxATP, and YM872 shows preclinical promise for control of secondary degeneration following SCI, and further investigation of long-term sustained treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L O'Hare Doig
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sreya Santhakumar
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Brooke Fehily
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sushmitha Raja
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Tanya Solomon
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart I Hodgetts
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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13
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Warnock A, Toomey LM, Wright AJ, Fisher K, Won Y, Anyaegbu C, Fitzgerald M. Damage Mechanisms to Oligodendrocytes and White Matter in Central Nervous System Injury: The Australian Context. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:739-769. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Warnock
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lillian M. Toomey
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Wright
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Fisher
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yerim Won
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chidozie Anyaegbu
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Chiha W, Bartlett CA, Petratos S, Fitzgerald M, Harvey AR. Intravitreal application of AAV-BDNF or mutant AAV-CRMP2 protects retinal ganglion cells and stabilizes axons and myelin after partial optic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113167. [PMID: 31904385 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secondary degeneration following an initial injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in increased tissue loss and is associated with increasing functional impairment. Unilateral partial dorsal transection of the adult rat optic nerve (ON) has proved to be a useful experimental model in which to study factors that contribute to secondary degenerative events. Using this injury model, we here quantified the protective effects of intravitreally administered bi-cistronic adeno-associated viral (AAV2) vectors encoding either brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or a mutant, phospho-resistant, version of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2T555A) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), their axons, and associated myelin. To test for potential synergistic interactions, some animals received combined injections of both vectors. Three months post-injury, all treatments maintained RGC numbers in central retina, but only AAV2-BDNF significantly protected ventrally located RGCs exclusively vulnerable to secondary degeneration. Behaviourally, treatments that involved AAV2-BDNF significantly restored the number of smooth-pursuit phases of optokinetic nystagmus. While all therapeutic regimens preserved axonal density and proportions of typical complexes, including heminodes and single nodes, BDNF treatments were generally more effective in maintaining the length of the node of Ranvier in myelin surrounding ventral ON axons after injury. Both AAV2-BDNF and AAV2-CRMP2T555A prevented injury-induced changes in G-ratio and overall myelin thickness, but only AAV2-BDNF administration protected against large-scale myelin decompaction in ventral ON. In summary, in a model of secondary CNS degeneration, both BDNF and CRMP2T555A vectors were neuroprotective, however different efficacies were observed for these overexpressed proteins in the retina and ON, suggesting disparate cellular and molecular targets driving responses for neural repair. The potential use of these vectors to treat other CNS injuries and pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Chiha
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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15
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Naidu PSR, Denham E, Bartlett CA, McGonigle T, Taylor NL, Norret M, Smith NM, Dunlop SA, Iyer KS, Fitzgerald M. Protein corona formation moderates the release kinetics of ion channel antagonists from transferrin-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2856-2869. [PMID: 35496130 PMCID: PMC9048831 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09523c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf)-functionalized p(HEMA-ran-GMA) nanoparticles were designed to incorporate and release a water-soluble combination of three ion channel antagonists, namely zonampanel monohydrate (YM872), oxidized adenosine triphosphate (oxATP) and lomerizine hydrochloride (LOM) identified as a promising therapy for secondary degeneration that follows neurotrauma. Coupled with a mean hydrodynamic size of 285 nm and near-neutral surface charge of −5.98 mV, the hydrophilic nature of the functionalized polymeric nanoparticles was pivotal in effectively encapsulating the highly water soluble YM872 and oxATP, as well as lipophilic LOM dissolved in water-based medium, by a back-filling method. Maximum loading efficiencies of 11.8 ± 1.05% (w/w), 13.9 ± 1.50% (w/w) and 22.7 ± 4.00% (w/w) LOM, YM872 and oxATP respectively were reported. To obtain an estimate of drug exposure in vivo, drug release kinetics assessment by HPLC was conducted in representative physiological milieu containing 55% (v/v) human serum at 37 °C. In comparison to serum-free conditions, it was demonstrated that the inevitable adsorption of serum proteins on the Tf-functionalized nanoparticle surface as a protein corona impeded the rate of release of LOM and YM872 at both pH 5 and 7.4 over a period of 1 hour. While the release of oxATP from the nanoparticles was detectable for up to 30 minutes under serum-free conditions at pH 7.4, the presence of serum proteins and a slightly acidic environment impaired the detection of the drug, possibly due to its molecular instability. Nevertheless, under representative physiological conditions, all three drugs were released in combination from Tf-functionalized p(HEMA-ran-GMA) nanoparticles and detected for up to 20 minutes. Taken together, the study provided enhanced insight into potential physiological outcomes in the presence of serum proteins, and suggests that p(HEMA-ran-GMA)-based therapeutic nanoparticles may be promising drug delivery vehicles for CNS therapy. Transferrin (Tf)-functionalized p(HEMA-ran-GMA) nanoparticles were designed to incorporate and release a water-soluble combination of three ion channel antagonists, identified as a promising therapy for secondary degeneration following neurotrauma.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya S. R. Naidu
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Eleanor Denham
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
| | - Carole A. Bartlett
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
| | - Terry McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Nicole. M. Smith
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- School of Biological Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - K. Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
- School of Biological Sciences
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16
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Toomey LM, Bartlett CA, Gavriel N, McGonigle T, Majimbi M, Gopalasingam G, Rodger J, Fitzgerald M. Comparing modes of delivery of a combination of ion channel inhibitors for limiting secondary degeneration following partial optic nerve transection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15297. [PMID: 31653948 PMCID: PMC6814709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system is exacerbated by secondary degeneration. Previous research has shown that a combination of orally and locally administered ion channel inhibitors following partial optic nerve injury protects the myelin sheath and preserves function in the ventral optic nerve, vulnerable to secondary degeneration. However, local administration is often not clinically appropriate. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of systemic and local delivery of the ion channel inhibitor combination of lomerizine, brilliant blue G (BBG) and YM872, which inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels, P2X7 receptors and Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors respectively. Following a partial optic nerve transection, adult female PVG rats were treated with BBG and YM872 delivered via osmotic mini pump directly to the injury site, or via intraperitoneal injection, both alongside oral administration of lomerizine. Myelin structure was preserved with both delivery modes of the ion channel inhibitor combination. However, there was no effect of treatment on inflammation, either peripherally or at the injury site, or on the density of oligodendroglial cells. Taken together, the data indicate that even at lower concentrations, the combinatorial treatment may be preserving myelin structure, and that systemic and local delivery are comparable at improving outcomes following neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Toomey
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikolas Gavriel
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terence McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maimuna Majimbi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gopana Gopalasingam
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
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17
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Lam C, Li KK, Do CW, Chan H, To CH, Kwong JMK. Quantitative profiling of regional protein expression in rat retina after partial optic nerve transection using fluorescence difference two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2734-2742. [PMID: 31524249 PMCID: PMC6691257 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the difference between primary and secondary retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, the protein expression at four regions of retina including superior, temporal, inferior and nasal quadrant in a rat model of partial optic nerve transection (pONT) using 2-D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) were investigated. Unilateral pONT was performed on the temporal side of optic nerves of adult Wistar rats to separate primary and secondary RGC loss. Topographical quantification of RGCs labeled by Rbpms antibody and analysis of axonal injury by grading of optic nerve damage at 1 week (n=8) and 8 weeks (n=15) after pONT demonstrated early RGC loss at temporal region, which is considered as primary RGC degeneration and progressing RGC loss at nasal region, which is considered as secondary RGC degeneration. Early protein expression in each retinal quadrant (n=4) at 2 weeks after pONT was compared with the corresponding quadrant in the contralateral control eye by DIGE. For all comparisons, 24 differentially expressed proteins (>1.2-fold; P<0.05; ≥3 non-duplicated peptide matches) were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Interestingly, in the nasal retina, serum albumin and members of crystallin family, including αA, αB, βA2, βA3, βB2 and γS indicating stress response were upregulated. By contrast, only αB and βA2 crystallin proteins were altered in temporal quadrant. In the superior and inferior quadrants, βB2 crystallin, keratin type I, S-arrestin and lamin-B1 were upregulated, while heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 were downregulated. In summary, the use of DIGE followed by MS is useful to detect early regional protein regulation in the retina after localized optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Lam
- School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - King Kit Li
- School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi Wai Do
- School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Henry Chan
- School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi Ho To
- School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jacky Man Kwong Kwong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Wu S, Zhao X. Ca 2+ Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1071-1080. [PMID: 31222426 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous system, from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of both neuronal and glia cells. The temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca2+ signals control the highly diverse yet specific transcriptional programs that establish the complex structures of the nervous system. Ca2+-signaling pathways are shaped by interactions among metabotropic signaling cascades, ion channels, intracellular Ca2+ stores, and a multitude of downstream effector proteins that activate specific genetic programs. Progress in the last decade has led to significant advances in our understanding of the functional architecture of Ca2+ signaling networks involved in oligodendrocyte development. In this review, we summarize the molecular and functional organizations of Ca2+-signaling networks during the differentiation of oligodendrocyte, especially its impact on myelin gene expression, proliferation, migration, and myelination. Importantly, the existence of multiple routes of Ca2+ influx opens the possibility that the activity of calcium channels can be manipulated pharmacologically to encourage oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination after demyelinating episodes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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19
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Gopalasingam G, Bartlett CA, McGonigle T, Majimbi M, Warnock A, Ford A, Gough A, Toomey LM, Fitzgerald M. The effects of a combination of ion channel inhibitors on pathology in a model of demyelinating disease. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:1-8. [PMID: 31202958 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown to feature oxidative damage, which can be modelled using the cuprizone model of demyelinating disease. Oxidative damage can occur as a result of excessive influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) and oligodendroglia are particularly vulnerable. However, the effects of limiting excess Ca2+ influx on oxidative damage, oligodendroglia and myelin structure are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of limiting excess Ca2+ flux on oxidative damage and associated changes in oligodendroglial densities and Node of Ranvier structure in the cuprizone model. METHODS The effects of three weeks of cuprizone administration and of treatment with a combination of three ion channel inhibitors (Lomerizine, Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and YM872), were semi-quantified immunohistochemically. Outcomes assessed were protein nitration (3-nitrotyrosine (3NT)) oxidative damage to DNA (8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8OHDG)), advanced glycation end-products (carboxymethyl lysine (CML)), immunoreactivity of microglia (Iba1) and astrocytes (glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP)), densities of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) (platelet derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGFαR) with olig2) and oligodendrocytes (olig2 and CC1), and structural elements of the Node of Ranvier (contactin associated protein (Caspr)). RESULTS The administration of cuprizone resulted in increased protein nitration, DNA damage, and astrocyte and microglial immunoreactivity, a decrease in the density of oligodendrocytes and OPCs, together with altered structure of the Node of Ranvier and reduced myelin basic protein immunoreactivity. Treatment with the ion channel inhibitor combination significantly lowered protein nitration, increased the density of OPCs and reduced the number of atypical Node of Ranvier complexes; other outcomes were unaffected. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that excess Ca2+ influx contributes to protein nitration, and associated changes to OPC densities and Node of Ranvier structure in demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopana Gopalasingam
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Terence McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maimuna Majimbi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Warnock
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abbey Ford
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alexander Gough
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Lillian M Toomey
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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20
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Arslan G, Avci B, Kocacan SE, Rzayev E, Ayyildiz M, Agar E. The interaction between P2X7Rs and T-type calcium ion channels in penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:1-12. [PMID: 30695710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists on the link between purinergic class P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) and calcium ion channels in epilepsy; no data has been reported regarding the interaction between P2X7Rs and T-type calcium ion channels in epilepsy. Thus, this study is an evaluation of the role that T-type calcium ion channels play in the effect of P2X7Rs on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. In the first set of experiments, P2X7R agonist BzATP (at 25-, 50-, 100- and 200-μg doses), P2X7R antagonist A-438079 (at 5-, 10-, 20- and 40-μg doses) and T-type calcium ion channel antagonist, NNC-550396 were administered for electrophysiological analyses 30 min after penicillin injection (2.5 μl, 500 IU). In the second set of experiments, the effective doses of these substances were used for biochemical analyses. Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxide (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem of rats. BzATP (100 μg, icv) increased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity, whereas A-438079 (40 μg, icv) and NNC-550396 (30 μg, ic) reduced it. Both A-438079 and NNC-550396 reversed BzATP's proconvulsant action. BzATP increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation; it also altered other antioxidant enzymes measured in this study, which were all then reversed via A-438079 and NNC-550396, at least in the cerebrum. The electrophysiological and biochemical analysis of present study suggest that P2X7Rs and its interaction with T-type calcium ion channels play an important role in the experimental model of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Arslan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Emre Kocacan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emil Rzayev
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyildiz
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Erdal Agar
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey.
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21
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Li HY, Hong X, Huang M, So KF. Voluntary running delays primary degeneration in rat retinas after partial optic nerve transection. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:728-734. [PMID: 30632515 PMCID: PMC6352605 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Running is believed to be beneficial for human health. Many studies have focused on the neuroprotective effects of voluntary running on animal models. There were both primary and secondary degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. However, whether running can delay primary or secondary degeneration or both of them was not clear. Partial optic nerve transection model is a valuable glaucoma model for studying both primary and secondary degeneration because it can separate primary (mainly in the superior retina) from secondary (mainly in the inferior retina) degeneration. Therefore, we compared the survival of retinal ganglion cells between Sprague-Dawley rat runners and non-runners both in the superior and inferior retinas. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are involved in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. So we also used western immunoblotting to compare the expression of some proteins involved in apoptosis (phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p-JNKs), oxidative stress (manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD) and excitotoxicity (glutamine synthetase) between runners and non-runners after partial optic nerve transection. Results showed that voluntary running delayed the death of retinal ganglion cells vulnerable to primary degeneration but not those to secondary degeneration. In addition, voluntary running decreased the expression of glutamine synthetase, but not the expression of p-JNKs and MnSOD in the superior retina after partial optic nerve transection. These results illustrated that primary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells might be mainly related with excitotoxicity rather than oxidative stress; and the voluntary running could down-regulate excitotoxicity to delay the primary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells after partial optic nerve transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Hong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mi Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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22
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Vest V, Bernardo-Colón A, Watkins D, Kim B, Rex TS. Rapid Repeat Exposure to Subthreshold Trauma Causes Synergistic Axonal Damage and Functional Deficits in the Visual Pathway in a Mouse Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1646-1654. [PMID: 30451083 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of repeat exposure to a non-damaging insult on central nervous system axons using the optic projection as a model. The optic projection is attractive because its axons are spatially separated from the cell bodies, it is easily accessible, it is composed of long axons, and its function can be measured. We performed closed-system ocular neurotrauma in C57Bl/6 mice using bursts of 15 or 26-psi (pounds per square inch) overpressure air that caused no gross damage. We quantified the visual evoked potential (VEP) and total and degenerative axons in the optic nerve. Repeat exposure to a 15-psi air blast caused more axon damage and vision loss than a single exposure to a 26-psi air blast. However, an increased VEP latency was detected in both groups. Exposure to three 15-psi air blasts separated by 0.5 sec caused 15% axon degeneration at 2 weeks. In contrast, no axon degeneration above sham levels was detected when the interinjury interval was increased to 10 min. Exposure to 15-psi air blasts once a day for 6 consecutive days caused 3% axon degeneration. Therefore, repeat mild trauma within an interinjury interval of 1 min or less causes synergistic axon damage, whereas mild trauma repeated at a longer interinjury interval causes additive, cumulative damage. The synergistic damage may underlie the high incidence of traumatic brain injury and traumatic optic neuropathy in blast-injured service members given that explosive blasts are multiple injury events that occur in a very short time span. This study also supports the use of the VEP as a biomarker for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vest
- 1 Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Dexter Watkins
- 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bohan Kim
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tonia S Rex
- 1 Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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The role of convergent ion channel pathways in microglial phenotypes: a systematic review of the implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:259. [PMID: 30498192 PMCID: PMC6265266 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in the activated state of microglia, the main neuroimmune cells, are widely reported in the brains of patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Microglia transform from the resting to the activated state by sensing their environment, aided by a variety of ion channels. To examine the effect of ion channels on microglial phenotypes, we conducted a systematic review of immunohistochemical analyses of these neuroimmune cells in animal models following administration of ion channel antagonists, compared to control conditions. A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases using the PRISMA and WHO methodologies for systematic reviews yielded 15 original peer-reviewed studies. The majority (13 out of 15) of these studies reported a decrease in microglial activated state after ion signaling pharmacological blockade. The studies provide evidence that acute administration of ion channel antagonists leads to a reduction in microglial activation in rodent brains in the models for epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, inflammation, pain, ischemia, and brain and spinal cord injury. Future research should explore microglial-specific druggable targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The investigation of acute and chronic administration of ion channel antagonists in microglial phenotypes in primates and the development of microglia-like cells derived from human stem cells could be valuable sources in this direction.
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Giacci M, Fitzgerald M. Oligodendroglia Are Particularly Vulnerable to Oxidative Damage After Neurotrauma In Vivo. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518810004. [PMID: 30479489 PMCID: PMC6240964 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518810004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the paper “Oligodendroglia are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage after neurotrauma in vivo,” we determined the extent of oxidative damage to specific cellular subpopulations and structures within regions vulnerable to secondary degeneration and assessed the effect this had on oligodendroglial function. Comparative assessment of oxidative damage demonstrated selective vulnerability of oligodendroglia, specifically oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to DNA oxidation in vivo. Immunohistochemical fate mapping along the oligodendroglial lineage showed a transient susceptibility of these cells to DNA oxidation, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation, with mature oligodendrocytes derived immediately after injury more vulnerable to DNA oxidation than their counterparts existing at the time of injury or later derived. In situ hybridization demonstrated a reduction in myelin regulatory factor (MyRF) messenger RNA (mRNA) fluorescence in newly derived mature oligodendrocytes, suggesting a compromise in the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath in these cells. The data imply a deficit in the normal differentiation of OPCs to myelinating oligodendrocytes, associated with a transient increase in oxidative damage, which may contribute to the dysmyelinating phenotype seen at chronic time points after injury. Identifying and understanding the sources of this oxidative damage is integral for the development of therapeutic interventions for neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Giacci
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, Nedlands, Australia
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The Effects of a Combination of Ion Channel Inhibitors in Female Rats Following Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113408. [PMID: 30384417 PMCID: PMC6274967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the ionic homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) becomes imbalanced. Excess Ca2+ influx into cells triggers molecular cascades, which result in detrimental effects. The authors assessed the effects of a combination of ion channel inhibitors (ICI) following repeated mTBI (rmTBI). Adult female rats were subjected to two rmTBI weight-drop injuries 24 h apart, sham procedures (sham), or no procedures (normal). Lomerizine, which inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels, was administered orally twice daily, whereas YM872 and Brilliant Blue G, inhibiting α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and P2X₇ receptors, respectively, were delivered intraperitoneally every 48 h post-injury. Vehicle treatment controls were included for rmTBI, sham, and normal groups. At 11 days following rmTBI, there was a significant increase in the time taken to cross the 3 cm beam, as a sub-analysis of neurological severity score (NSS) assessments, compared with the normal control (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in learning-associated improvement in rmTBI in Morris water maze (MWM) trials relative to the sham (p < 0.05). ICI-treated rmTBI animals were not different to sham, normal controls, or rmTBI treated with vehicle in all neurological severity score and Morris water maze assessments (p > 0.05). rmTBI resulted in increases in microglial cell density, antioxidant responses (manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) immunoreactivity), and alterations to node of Ranvier structure. ICI treatment decreased microglial density, MnSOD immunoreactivity, and abnormalities of the node of Ranvier compared with vehicle controls (p < 0.01). The authors' findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of the combinatorial ICI treatment on day 11 post-rmTBI, suggesting an attractive therapeutic strategy against the damage induced by excess Ca2+ following rmTBI.
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Comparison of ion channel inhibitor combinations for limiting secondary degeneration following partial optic nerve transection. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:161-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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