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Islam F, Roy S, Zehravi M, Paul S, Sutradhar H, Yaidikar L, Kumar BR, Dogiparthi LK, Prema S, Nainu F, Rab SO, Doukani K, Emran TB. Polyphenols Targeting MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2686-2706. [PMID: 37922063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolic products found in plants that have been extensively studied for how well they regulate biological processes, such as the proliferation of cells, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling cascade is currently identified as a crucial pro-inflammatory pathway that plays a significant role in the development of neuroinflammation. This process has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), CNS damage, and cerebral ischemia. Getting enough polyphenols through eating habits has resulted in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress (OS) and lowering the susceptibility to associated neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, stroke, and PD. Polyphenols possess significant promise in dealing with the root cause of neurological conditions by modulating multiple therapeutic targets simultaneously, thereby attenuating their complicated physiology. Several polyphenolic substances have demonstrated beneficial results in various studies and are presently undergoing clinical investigation to treat neurological diseases (NDs). The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the different aspects of the MAPK pathway involved in neurological conditions, along with an appraisal of the progress made in using polyphenols to regulate the MAPK signaling system to facilitate the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shyamjit Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hriday Sutradhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Lavanya Yaidikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
| | - B Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Moonray Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Raikal (V), Farooq Nagar (Tlq), Shadnagar (M), R.R Dist., Telangana, 501512, India
| | - Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MBU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Prema
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koula Doukani
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun-Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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2
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Ma L, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Zhan YA. Exosomes secreted from induced pluripotent stem cell ameliorate the lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammatory response via lncRNA-0949. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1155. [PMID: 38533916 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of exosomes derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the neuroinflammatory response of microglia caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reveal the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS A permanent microglia cell line HMO6 was activated by LPS. The features of exosomes were analyzed by nano flow cytometry, Western blot and transmission electron microscope. The RNA-seq was used to analyze the difference of noncoding RNA profiles between iPSC-Exos and HMO6 derived exosomes and proved that long no-coding RNA (lncRNA-0949) was highly expressed in the iPSC-Exos. Activated HMO6 cells were cocultured with iPSC-Exos in which lncRNA-0949 was overexpressed, knocked down or normally expressed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Western blot assay were adopted to analyze RNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors in HMO6 cells. RESULTS The oxidative stress and inflammatory response of microglia were significantly attenuated with the iPSC derived exosomes treatment. LncRNA-0949 was effectively delivered into the HMO6 cells through the iPSC-Exos, which largely alleviated the production of malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in HMO6 cells. Overexpression of lncRNA-0949 could enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of the iPSC-Exos, and knock-down of lncRNA-0949 impaired this availability. CONCLUSION According to our results, lncRNA-0949 enriched exosomes from iPSC could potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy to prevent/treat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhe Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-An Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lim HJ, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Antioxidant and Antineuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Kaempferol-3- O-β-d-Glucuronate on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Cascade and MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6538-6549. [PMID: 36844518 PMCID: PMC9948190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aglycone- and glycoside-derived forms of flavonoids exist broadly in plants and foods such as fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. However, most studies focus on the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycone rather than its glycosylated form. Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronate (K3G) is a natural flavonoid glycoside obtained from various plants that have several biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanism related to the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory activity of K3G has not yet been demonstrated. The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effect of K3G against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to evaluate the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by DCF-DA assay, Griess assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. K3G inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the expression of prostaglandin E synthase 2. Additionally, K3G reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) related proteins. Mechanistic studies found that K3G downregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of K3G on antineuroinflammation by inactivating phosphorylation of MPAKs and on antioxidants by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through decreasing ROS in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Division
of Natural Products Research, Honam National
Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang Z, Pi R, Jiang Y, Ahmad M, Luo H, Luo J, Yang J, Sun B. Cathepsin B mediates the lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in arsenic-induced microglial cell injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231172724. [PMID: 37154515 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231172724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a prevalent environmental pollutant that targets the nervous system of living beings. Recent studies indicated that microglial injury could contribute to neuroinflammation and is associated with neuronal damage. Nevertheless, the neurotoxic mechanism underlying the arsenic-induced microglial injury requires additional research. This study explores whether cathepsin B promotes microglia cell damage caused by NaAsO2. Through CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, we discovered that NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in BV2 cells (a microglia cell line). NaAsO2 was verified to increase mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) and promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through JC-1 staining and DCFDA assay, respectively. Mechanically, NaAsO2 was indicated to increase the expression of cathepsin B, which could stimulate pro-apoptotic molecule Bid into the activated form, tBid, and increase lysosomal membrane permeabilization by Immunofluorescence and Western blot assessment. Subsequently, apoptotic signaling downstream of increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was activated, promoting caspase activation and microglial apoptosis. Cathepsin B inhibitor CA074-Me could mitigate the damage of microglial. In general, we found that NaAsO2 induced microglia apoptosis and depended on the role of the cathepsin B-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our findings provided new insight into NaAsO2-induced neurological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruozheng Pi
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mashaal Ahmad
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jieya Luo
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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5
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LPS-induced PTGS2 manipulates the inflammatory response through trophoblast invasion in preeclampsia via NF-κB pathway. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Radulović NS, Sejmanović DM, Ristić MN, Dekić VS, Krüger B, Kahlenberg V, Rodić MV. The crystal structure of 3-(1-(2-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)ethylidene)chroman-2,4-dione, C 17H 14N 2O 3S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C17H14N2O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.8966(5) Å, b = 9.4360(4) Å, c = 16.7115(7) Å, β = 92.245(4)°, V = 1559.39(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0358, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1013, T = 170 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S. Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics , University of Niš Višegradska , 33 18000 Niš , Serbia
| | - Dragana M. Sejmanović
- Faculty of Sciences , University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica Lole Ribara , 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Milenko N. Ristić
- Faculty of Sciences , University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica Lole Ribara , 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Vidoslav S. Dekić
- Faculty of Sciences , University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica Lole Ribara , 29 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Biljana Krüger
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography Innrain , University of Innsbruck , 52 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Volker Kahlenberg
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography Innrain , University of Innsbruck , 52 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Marko V. Rodić
- Faculty of Sciences Trg Dositeja Obradovića , University of Novi Sad , 3 21000 Novi Sad , Serbia
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7
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Young AP, Denovan-Wright EM. Synthetic cannabinoids reduce the inflammatory activity of microglia and subsequently improve neuronal survival in vitro. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:29-43. [PMID: 35764268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the brain that survey the microenvironment, provide trophic support to neurons, and clear debris to maintain homeostasis and healthy brain function. Microglia are also drivers of neuroinflammation in several neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia produce endocannabinoids and express both cannabinoid receptor subtypes suggesting that this system is a target to suppress neuroinflammation. We tested whether cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) or type 2 (CB2) receptors could be targeted selectively or in combination to dampen the pro-inflammatory behavior of microglia, and whether this would have functional relevance to decrease secondary neuronal damage. We determined that components of the endocannabinoid system were altered when microglia are treated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma and shift to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory microglia released cytotoxic factors that induced cell death in cultured STHdhQ7/Q7 neurons. Treatment with synthetic cannabinoids that were selective for CB1 receptors (ACEA) or CB2 receptors (HU-308) dampened the release of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of mRNA for several pro-inflammatory markers. A nonselective agonist (CP 55,940) exhibited similar influence over NO release but to a lesser extent relative to ACEA or HU-308. All three classes of synthetic cannabinoids ultimately reduced the secondary damage to the cultured neurons. The mechanism for the observed neuroprotective effects appeared to be related to cannabinoid-mediated suppression of MAPK signaling in microglia. Taken together, the data indicate that activation of CB1 or CB2 receptors interfered with the pro-inflammatory activity of microglia in a manner that also reduced secondary damage to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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8
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You Z, Yang Z, Cao S, Deng S, Chen Y. The novel KLF4/BIG1 regulates LPS-mediated neuro-inflammation and migration in BV2 cells via PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 488:102-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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WANG F, CHO BO, SHIN JY, HAO S, JANG SI. Anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Humulus japonicus extract and its active compound luteolin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in SIM-A9 microglia via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.78621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng WANG
- Jeonju University, Republic of Korea; Yuncheng University, PR, China
| | - Byoung Ok CHO
- Jeonju University, Republic of Korea; Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young SHIN
- Jeonju University, Republic of Korea; Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seon Il JANG
- Jeonju University, Republic of Korea; Jeonju University, Republic of Korea; Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Republic of Korea
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10
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Subedi L, Gaire BP, Kim SY, Parveen A. Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094771. [PMID: 33946349 PMCID: PMC8124914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative stress. Excessive NO production by activated microglial cells is specifically associated with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, and other afflictions of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling excessive NO production is a desirable therapeutic strategy for managing various neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, phytochemicals have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to counteract excessive NO production in CNS disorders. Moreover, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are typically safe and effective. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NO production and its involvement in various neurological disorders, and we revisit a number of recently identified phytochemicals which may act as NO inhibitors. This review may help identify novel potent anti-inflammatory agents that can downregulate NO, specifically during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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11
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Qiu C, Yuan Z, He Z, Chen H, Liao Y, Li S, Zhou W, Song Z. Lipopolysaccharide Preparation Derived From Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces a Weaker Immuno-Inflammatory Response in BV-2 Microglial Cells Than Escherichia coli by Differentially Activating TLR2/4-Mediated NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:606986. [PMID: 33816329 PMCID: PMC8012810 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.606986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. In recent years, as the infectious theory and endotoxin hypothesis of AD has gained substantial attention, several studies have proposed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the main pathogenic bacteria of chronic periodontitis, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis may lead to AD-like pathological changes and cognition impairment. However, research on the relationship between P. gingivalis-LPS and neuroinflammation is still lacking. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of P. gingivalis-LPS preparation on immuno-inflammation in microglial cells and further compared the differential inflammatory response induced by P. gingivalis-LPS and Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS preparations. The results showed that P. gingivalis-LPS could upregulate the gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory factors in BV-2 microglial cells, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. We also observed an increase in the level of Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) and NF-κB/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the changes mentioned above were more significant in the E. coli-LPS group and the effects of both kinds of LPS could be differentially reversed by the administration of the TLR2 inhibitor C29 and TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. The molecular simulation showed that the binding affinity of P. gingivalis-lipid A to TLR4-MD-2 was weaker than E. coli-lipid A, which was probably due to the presence of fewer acyl chains and phosphate groups of P. gingivalis-lipid A than E. coli-lipid A. We conclude that P. gingivalis-LPS could activate TLR2/4-mediated NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately resulted in an immune-inflammatory response in BV-2 microglia. In contrast to E. coli-LPS, P. gingivalis-LPS is a weaker TLR2/4 agonist and NF-κB/STAT3 signaling activator. Furthermore, the different fatty acid chains and phosphate groups between P. gingivalis-lipid A and E. coli-lipid A may be the reason for the weaker activating properties of P. gingivalis-LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sun J, Qian P, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Wang HY, Zhou H, Gao Q, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin 2 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in microglia cells by receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Neuropeptides 2021; 85:102109. [PMID: 33253929 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of AM2 in LPS-activated microglia and BV2 cells. The endogenous mRNA and protein expressions of AM2, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) including RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 and the production of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results revealed that LPS (1 μg/mL) significantly stimulated CLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 protein expressions in BV2 microglia cells, but AM2 had a significant decrease. However, the mRNA levels of AM2, CLR, and RAMP1/2/3 were all markedly increased. LPS also induced obvious increases in mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS). More importantly, AM2 (10 nM) administration effectively inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of these mediators induced by LPS and increased the cAMP content in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, the antagonism with AM2 receptor antagonist IMD17-47, adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist by AM22-52 or the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activation by P1195 effectively prevented the inhibitory role of AM2 in LPS-induced production of the above inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, AM2 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells that may be mainly through AM receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Our results indicate AM2 plays an important protective role in microglia inflammation, suggesting therapeutic potential for AM2 in neuroinflammation diseases caused by activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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13
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Zheng YF, Zhou X, Chang D, Bhuyan DJ, Zhang JP, Yu WZ, Jiang XS, Seto SW, Yeon SY, Li J, Li CG. A novel tri-culture model for neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2020; 156:249-261. [PMID: 32891068 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Currently, suitable in vitro neuroinflammation models for studying cellular interactions and inflammatory mechanisms at the neurovascular unit are still scarce. In this study, we established an experimentally flexible tri-culture neuroinflammation model combining murine microglial cells (N11), mouse neuroblastoma Nuro2A cell lines and brain microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells in a transwell co-culture system stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. Neuroinflammation was induced in this tri-culture model as manifested by activated N11 cells via toll-like receptor 4, resulting in increased release of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) through the activation of nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway. The released inflammatory cytokines from N11 in turn, damaged the tight junction in microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells, increased permeability of endothelial barrier, and induced tau phosphorylation and up-regulated caspase-3 expression in mouse neuroblastoma Nuro2A cell lines, leading to neuroinflammation injury. In summary, this tri-culture inflammation model mimics the microenvironment, the cellular crosstalk and the molecular events that take place during neuroinflammation. It provides a robust in vitro model for studying neuroinflammation mechanisms and screening for potential therapeutics to treat various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Ping Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Yu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fu Jian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Xia-Sen Jiang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seung Yeon Yeon
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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14
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Anti-inflammatory effects of higenamine (Hig) on LPS-activated mouse microglia (BV2) through NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Apamin Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses by Regulating SK Channels and TLR4-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124319. [PMID: 32560481 PMCID: PMC7352249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia are a key component of the neuroinflammatory response. There is a growing interest in developing drugs to target microglia and thereby control neuroinflammatory processes. Apamin (APM) is a specifically selective antagonist of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. However, its effect on neuroinflammation is largely unknown. We examine the effects of APM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 and rat primary microglial cells. Regarding the molecular mechanism by which APM significantly inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production and microglial cell activation, we found that APM does so by reducing the expression of phosphorylated CaMKII and toll-like receptor (TLR4). In particular, APM potently suppressed the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, the correlation of NF-κB/STAT3 and MAPK-ERK in the neuroinflammatory response was verified through inhibitors. The literature and our findings suggest that APM is a promising candidate for an anti-neuroinflammatory agent and can potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of various neurological disorders.
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16
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Yang H, Wang L, Zang C, Wang Y, Shang J, Zhang Z, Liu H, Bao X, Wang X, Zhang D. Src Inhibition Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease Models. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 32132891 PMCID: PMC7040487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is of great importance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). During the process of neuroinflammation, overactivated microglia release many proinflammatory factors, which eventually induce neurodegeneration. Inhibition of excessive microglial activation is regarded as a promising strategy for PD treatment. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is closely related to tumors. Recently, some reports indicated that Src is a central mediator in multiple signaling pathways including neuroinflammation. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the role of Src in microglial regulation and neuroinflammation. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia model and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model were applied in this study. The results showed that inhibition of Src could significantly relieve microgliosis and decrease levels of inflammatory factors. Besides, inhibition of Src function reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons and improved the motor behavior of the MPTP-treated mice. Thus, this study not only verified the critical role of Src tyrosine kinase in neuroinflammation but also further proved that interfering neuroinflammation is beneficial for PD treatment. More importantly, this study shed a light on the hypothesis that Src tyrosine kinase might be a potential therapeutic target for PD and other neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Subedi L, Teli MK, Lee JH, Gaire BP, Kim MH, Kim SY. A Stilbenoid Isorhapontigenin as a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast Cancer through Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinases/Tubulin Stabilization. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121947. [PMID: 31817453 PMCID: PMC6966567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a tetrahydroxylated stilbenoid, is an analog of resveratrol (Rsv). The various biological activities of Rsv and its derivatives have been previously reported in the context of both cancer and inflammation. However, the anti-cancer effect of ISO against breast cancer has not been well established, despite being an orally bioavailable dietary polyphenol. In this study, we determine the anti-cancer effects of ISO against breast cancer using MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. We observed that ISO induces breast cancer cell death, cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and the inhibition of cell proliferation. Additionally, sphingosine kinase inhibition by ISO controlled tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth by regulating MAPK/PI3K-mediated cell cycle arrest in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, SPHK1/2 gene silencing increased oxidative stress, cell death, and tubulin destabilization in MCF7 cells. This suggests that the anti-cancer effect of ISO can be regulated by SPHK/tubulin destabilization pathways. Overall, ISO successfully induced breast cancer cell death and cell growth arrest, suggesting this phytochemical is a better alternative for breast cancer treatment. Further studies in animal models could confirm the potency and usability of ISO over Rsv for targeting breast cancer, potentially posing an alternative candidate for improved therapy in the near future.
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18
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Scutellarin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Activated Microglia/Brain Macrophage in Cerebral Ischemia and in Activated BV-2 Microglia Through Regulation of MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:264-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Lu BW, Baum L, So KF, Chiu K, Xie LK. More than anti-malarial agents: therapeutic potential of artemisinins in neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1494-1498. [PMID: 31089038 PMCID: PMC6557089 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, also called qinghaosu, is originally derived from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua), which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Artemisinin and its derivatives (artemisinins) have been widely used for many years as anti-malarial agents, with few adverse side effects. Interestingly, evidence has recently shown that artemisinins might have a therapeutic value for several other diseases beyond malaria, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Neurodegeneration is a challenging age-associated neurological disorder characterized by deterioration of neuronal structures as well as functions, whereas neuroinflammation has been considered to be an underlying factor in the development of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Recently discovered properties of artemisinins suggested that they might be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders by decreasing oxidation, inflammation, and amyloid beta protein (Aβ). In this review, we will introduce artemisinins and highlight the possible mechanisms of their neuroprotective activities, suggesting that artemisinins might have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Wen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Larry Baum
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Li-Ke Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Xu M, Yan T, Fan K, Wang M, Qi Y, Xiao F, Bi K, Jia Y. Polysaccharide of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus ameliorates cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:354-365. [PMID: 30844489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polysaccharides is an important ingredient of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus which often appears in ancient prescriptions for forgetfulness or dementia. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of polysaccharides of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (SCP) on animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a common disease of dementia, to elucidate the traditional medical theories with modern pharmacological methods and provide a reference for further clarifying its active mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrolysates of SCP were analyzed by HPLC. Y-maze, Morris water maze (MWM) were used for evaluating cognition processes of mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the deposition of Aβ. The levels of cytokine expression including Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus were detected by ELISA kits. Activation of astrocytes and microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence labeling GFAP and Iba-1. The phosphorylated state of various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling molecules (p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, and JNK) and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was studied by western blot. Histopathological changes were observed by H.E. straining. RESULTS SCP could significantly improve the cognition and histopathological changes of AD mice, reduce the deposition of Aβ, downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of glial cells in the hippocampus. Further, SCP decreased nuclear displacement of NF-κB and MAPKs phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS SCP could improve the cognition of mice, and it may play an anti-AD role by activating the NF-κB/MAPK pathway to alleviate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaiyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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21
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Subedi L, Lee JH, Yumnam S, Ji E, Kim SY. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulforaphane on LPS-Activated Microglia Potentially through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020194. [PMID: 30813369 PMCID: PMC6406309 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is present in the species of the Brassicaceae, especially in broccoli sprouts. In this study, the effects of SFN against microglial activation and inflammation, and the potential mechanisms involved, were analyzed. As mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a key role in microglial activation and inflammation, we focused on the role of SFN in regulating the MAPK signaling regulation of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SFN were explored by evaluating the expression and secretion of inflammatory proteins, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and activator protein-1 (AP-1) under pre- and post-treatment conditions. Under the SFN pre- and post-treatment conditions, the MAPK phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in both acutely and chronically activated microglial cells. SFN also reduced the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation levels, which subsequently reduced NF-κB and AP-1 signaling. As a result, the expression of the inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, NO, and PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was decreased. At the same time, SFN increased the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SFN exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on microglia through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB pathway inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Eunhee Ji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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22
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Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Wani AA, Bharatam PV. Azines: synthesis, structure, electronic structure and their applications. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8486-8521. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Azines (2,3-diaza-1,3-butadienes): structure, electronic structure, tautomerism, and their applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S. Chourasiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Aabid Abdullah Wani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
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23
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Genetically Engineered Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia Via Downregulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8092713. [PMID: 30622674 PMCID: PMC6304885 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8092713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural stilbenoid, is produced by several plants, especially grape vines. Its strong potency against obesity, metabolic disorders, vascular disease, inflammation, and various cancers has already been reported. Large amounts of wine or grapes need to be consumed to obtain the amount of resveratrol required for biological activity. Pure resveratrol at concentrations as low as 10 μM induces cytotoxicity to normal cells. To overcome these limitations, we prepared genetically modified resveratrol-enriched rice (RR). We previously reported the strong antiaging potential of RR against ultraviolet B/reactive oxygen species-induced toxicity in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). As aging is characterized by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, we further evaluated the role of RR against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. RR inhibited nitric oxide production and the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS and COX-2. RR significantly modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, activator protein AP-1 signaling, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mediated transcription of inflammatory proteins via inhibition of NF-κB translocation, IkB phosphorylation, and proinflammatory cytokine productions such as interleukin IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These findings show that the strong antineuroinflammatory effects of RR can be beneficial for aging-mediated neurodegenerative conditions as well as disorders of the central nervous system caused by neuroinflammation.
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Nam HY, Nam JH, Yoon G, Lee JY, Nam Y, Kang HJ, Cho HJ, Kim J, Hoe HS. Ibrutinib suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells and wild-type mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:271. [PMID: 30231870 PMCID: PMC6145206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FDA-approved small-molecule drug ibrutinib is an effective targeted therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a kinase involved in B cell receptor signaling. However, the potential regulation of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain by ibrutinib has not been comprehensively examined. Methods BV2 microglial cells were treated with ibrutinib (1 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml) or PBS. RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and subcellular fractionation were performed to examine the effects of ibrutinib on neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, wild-type mice were sequentially injected with ibrutinib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (10% DMSO, i.p.), followed by LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or PBS, and microglial and astrocyte activations were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results Ibrutinib significantly reduced LPS-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial and primary microglial cells but not in primary astrocytes. Ibrutinib regulated TLR4 signaling to alter LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, ibrutinib significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in p-AKT and p-STAT3 levels, suggesting that ibrutinib attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting AKT/STAT3 signaling pathways. Interestingly, ibrutinib also reduced LPS-induced BV2 microglial cell migration by inhibiting AKT signaling. Moreover, ibrutinib-injected wild-type mice exhibited significantly reduced microglial/astrocyte activation and COX-2 and IL-1β proinflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusions Our data provide insights on the mechanisms of a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea.
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