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Wu D, Xiong F, Wang H, Liu S, Zhu J, Zhao D, Yang J, Ma W, Guo L, Kang C. Temperature seasonality and soil phosphorus availability shape ginseng quality via regulating ginsenoside contents. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:824. [PMID: 39227804 PMCID: PMC11370115 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of secondary metabolites in Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) exhibits significant geographical variation, normally due to environmental factors. The current study aimed at elucidating the key environmental factors modulating the accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. ginseng. Plant and the associated soil samples were collected from ten geographical locations within the latitudinalrange of 27.09°N - 42.39°N and longitudinal range of 99.28°E - 128.19°E. 12 secondary metabolites in P. ginseng toots were measured. And the correlation between secondary metabolites with a series of soil properties and 7 climatic factors were investigated through Pearson's correlation, mantel test, random forest and pathway analysis. The results revealed that climatic factors were stronger drivers of ginseng secondary metabolite profile than soil nutrients. Specifically, temperature seasonality (TS) and soil available phosphorus (AP) were the most effective environments to have significantly and positively influence on the secondary metabolites of ginseng. This findings contribute to identifying optimal cultivation areas for P. ginseng, and hopefully establishing methods for interfering/shaping microclimate for cultivating high-quality P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Wu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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Ahmad MA, Chaudhary S, Deng X, Cheema M, Javed R. Nano-stevia interaction: Past, present, and future. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107807. [PMID: 37311291 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has recently been emerged as a transformative technology that offers efficient and sustainable options for nano-bio interface. There has been a considerable interest in exploring the factors affecting elicitation mechanism and nanomaterials have been emerged as strong elicitors in medicinal plants. Stevia rebaudiana is well-known bio-sweetener and the presence of zero calorie, steviol glycosides (SGs) in the leaves of S. rebaudiana have made it a desirable crop to be cultivated on large scale to obtain its higher yield and maximal content of high quality natural sweeteners. Besides, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants are abundant in stevia which contribute to its medicinal importance. Currently, scientists are trying to increase the market value of stevia by the enhancement in production of its bioactive compounds. As such, various in vitro and cell culture strategies have been adopted. In stevia agronanotechnology, nanoparticles behave as elicitors for the triggering of its secondary metabolites, specifically rebaudioside A. This review article discusses the importance of S. rebaudiana and SGs, conventional approaches that have failed to increase the desired yield and quality of stevia, modern approaches that are currently being applied to obtain utmost benefits of SGs, and future needs of advanced technologies for further exploitation of this wonder of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Sadaf Chaudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Xu Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Newfoundland, Canada.
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Abdelsattar AM, Elsayed A, El-Esawi MA, Heikal YM. Enhancing Stevia rebaudiana growth and yield through exploring beneficial plant-microbe interactions and their impact on the underlying mechanisms and crop sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107673. [PMID: 37030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is an important medicinal plant which represents the most important sugar substitute in many countries. Poor seed germination of this plant is a critical problem that affects the final yield and the availability of the products in the market. Continuous cropping without supplying soil nutrients is also a serious issue as it results in declining soil fertility. This review highlights the important use of beneficial bacteria for the enhancement of Stevia rebaudiana growth and its dynamic interactions in the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and endosphere. Fertilizers can increase crop yield and preserve and improve soil fertility. There is a rising concern that prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers may have negative impacts on the ecosystem of the soil. On the other hand, soil health and fertility are improved by plant growth-promoting bacteria which could eventually increase plant growth and productivity. Accordingly, a biocompatible strategy involving beneficial microorganisms inoculation is applied to boost plant growth and reduce the negative effects of chemical fertilizers. Plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria, which promote growth and induce resistance to pathogens and stresses. Additionally, several plant growth-promoting bacteria are able to produce amino acids, polyamines, and hormones that can be used as alternatives to chemicals. Therefore, understanding the dynamic interactions between bacteria and Stevia can help make the favorable bacterial bio-formulations, use them more effectively, and apply them to Stevia to improve yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Abdelsattar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt; Photobiology Research Group, Sorbonne Université CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yasmin M Heikal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Saleh R, Abbey L, Ofoe R, Ampofo J, Gunupuru LR. Effects of preharvest factors on antidiabetic potential of some foods and herbal plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e269583. [PMID: 36722681 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with no definite treatment, but it can be controlled by changing lifestyle and diet. Consumption of high-fiber and nutrient-rich foods including vegetables have been shown to reduce risks of obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Also, many herbal plants have been associated with reduced risks of T2DM because of their composition of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites have potent inhibitory effects against inflammation linked with insulin resistance and oxidative stress. More than 800 known medicinal plants are used to control diabetes and its relevant complications. However, variations in preharvest factors including plant genotype, growing medium properties, climatic factors, and management practices can influence plant growth and their accumulation of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. However, the effects of these preharvest factors on the antidiabetic properties of plant secondary metabolites are neither explicit nor easily accessible in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to document recent studies that reported on under-exploited medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. We reviewed several important preharvest factors that can potentially affect the synthesis of phytoconstituents which possess antidiabetic properties. This review will help identify gaps for future research in phytomedicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saleh
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Abbey
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R Ofoe
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J Ampofo
- McGill University, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - L R Gunupuru
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Resilience of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo's Garden ®: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238602. [PMID: 36500693 PMCID: PMC9740529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Nemo's Garden® project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni grown underwater compared to the terrestrial specimens. The micromorphological analyses, performed on the leaves using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, evidenced a general uniformity of the trichome morphotype and distribution pattern. The histochemical investigation indicated the simultaneous presence of terpenes and polyphenols in the trichome secreted material from the underwater samples and a prevailing polyphenolic content in the terrestrial specimens; this was also confirmed by biochemical analyses (26.6 mg GAE/g DW). The characterization of non-volatile components, performed using HPLC-MS, showed similar chemical profiles in all the samples, which were characterized by phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides. The volatile compounds, evaluated using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS, showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main class in all the analyzed samples (80.1-93.9%). However, the control plants were characterized by a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.1%). The underwater biosphere environment did not alter S. rebaudiana micro-morphological characters, although slight qualitative changes were evidenced for the compounds produced as a response to the growth conditions.
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Khiraoui A, Bakha M, Boulli A, Hasib A, Al Faiz C. The productivity of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on dry leaves and steviol glycosides of four varieties grown in six regions of Morocco. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang T, Yang Y, Tong H, Yuan H. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into steviol glycoside synthesis in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves under nitrogen deficiency. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1709-1722. [PMID: 34129077 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis revealed the potential mechanism of nitrogen regulating steviol glycosides synthesis via shifting of leaf carbon metabolic flux or inducing certain transcription factors. Nitrogen (N) plays key regulatory roles in both stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) growth and the synthesis of its functional metabolite steviol glycosides (SGs), but the mechanism by which this nutrient regulates SGs synthesis remains to be elucidated. To address this question, a pot experiment was performed in a greenhouse where stevia plants fertilized with N (the control as CK plants) and compared with plants without the supply of N. Physiological and biochemical analyses were conducted to test the growth and metabolic responses of plants to N regimes. Our results showed that N deficiency significantly inhibited plant growth and leaf photosynthesis, while increased leaf SGs contents in stevia (49.97, 46.64 and 84.80% respectively for rebaudioside A, stevioside, and rebaudioside C), which may be partly due to "concentration effect". Then, transcriptome analysis was conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms. A total of 535 differentially expressed genes were identified, and carbon metabolism-related events were highlighted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Many of these genes were significantly upregulated by N-deficiency, including those involved in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "starch and sucrose metabolism". Our study also analyzed the expression patterns of SGs synthesis-related genes under two N regimes and the potential transcription factors linking N nutrition and SG metabolism. N-deficiency may promote SGs synthesis by changing the carbon metabolism flux or inducing certain transcription factors. Our results provide deeper insight into the relationship between N nutrition and SGs synthesis in stevia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiying Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China.
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Interactive Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation with Nano Boron, Zinc, and Molybdenum Fertilization on Stevioside Contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, L.) Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, L.) is receiving increasing global interest as a diabetes-focused herb associated with zero-calorie stevioside sweetener glycoside production. This study was conducted to determine whether the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), as a biofertilizer integrated with nano boron (B), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo), would improve stevia growth and stevioside content. A factorial experiment with four replicates was conducted to evaluate the effect of AM at 0, 150, and 300 spore/g soil and three nano microelements B at 100 mg/L, Zn at 100 mg/L, and Mo at 40 mg/L on growth performance, stevioside, mineral contents, and biochemical contents of stevia. Results indicated that the combination of AM at 150 and B at 100 mg/L significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry-stem, and herbal g/plant during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Chlorophyll content was increased by the combination between AM at 150 spore/g soil and B at 100 mg/L during both seasons. Stevioside content in leaves was increased by AM at 150 spore/g soil and B at 100 mg/L during the second season. In addition, N, P, K, Zn, and B in the leaf were increased by applying the combination of AM and nano microelements. Leaf bio constituent contents were increased with AM at 150 spore/g soil and B at 100 mg/L during both seasons. The application of AM and nano B can be exploited for high growth, mineral, and stevioside contents as a low-calorie sweetener product in stevia.
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Sun Y, Zhang T, Xu X, Yang Y, Tong H, Mur LAJ, Yuan H. Transcriptomic Characterization of Nitrate-Enhanced Stevioside Glycoside Synthesis in Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana) Bertoni. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168549. [PMID: 34445254 PMCID: PMC8395231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen forms (nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium (NH4+)) are vital to plant growth and metabolism. In stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), it is important to assess whether nitrogen forms can influence the synthesis of the high-value terpene metabolites-steviol glycosides (SGs), together with the underlying mechanisms. Field and pot experiments were performed where stevia plants were fertilized with either NO3− or NH4+ nutrition to the same level of nitrogen. Physiological measurements suggested that nitrogen forms had no significant impact on biomass and the total nitrogen content of stevia leaves, but NO3−-enhanced leaf SGs contents. Transcriptomic analysis identified 397 genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between NO3− and NH4+ treatments. Assessment of the DEGs highlighted the responses in secondary metabolism, particularly in terpenoid metabolism, to nitrogen forms. Further examinations of the expression patterns of SGs synthesis-related genes and potential transcription factors suggested that GGPPS and CPS genes, as well as the WRKY and MYB transcription factors, could be driving N form-regulated SG synthesis. We concluded that NO3−, rather than NH4+, can promote leaf SG synthesis via the NO3−-MYB/WRKY-GGPPS/CPS module. Our study suggests that insights into the molecular mechanism of how SG synthesis can be affected by nitrogen forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haiying Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK;
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhuhoucun Village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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Mahajan M, Thakur BK, Pal PK. Moisture stress and nitrogen availability modulate the secondary metabolite profiles, enzymatic activity, and physiological and agronomic traits of Stevia rebaudiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:56-68. [PMID: 33667967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Performances of crops are mainly influenced by frost, heat and availability of soil-water and nitrogen (N). However, little is known about the interaction between soil-water and N on Stevia rebaudiana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted with fifteen treatment combinations comprising three levels of soil-moisture (irrigation at 20, 50 and 75 kPa soil-water-potential) and five N levels (0-140 kg ha-1) to understand how soil-moisture and N influence growth, physiological and biochemical activities of stevia. Plants irrigated at 50 kPa registered 6.3-18.9% and 20.7-21.2% higher dry leaf yield compared with 20 and 75 kPa, respectively. No significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences in concentrations of total steviol glycosides (TSGs) in leaf were found due to moisture regimes. Total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, total phenols were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with plants irrigated at 20 kPa whereas SOD, CAT, and POX were decreased at both excessive and deficit water conditions. Photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased with plant irrigated at 75 kPa. Anatomical changes in leaf were also observed due to different moisture regimes. Among the N levels, 105 kg ha-1 registered approximately 50-53% higher dry leaf yield compared with control (0 kg N ha-1), irrespective of irrigation level. Excess (140 kg ha-1) and shortage of N significantly decreased the PN, gs, and enzyme activities. Concentrations of TSS and TSGs were higher with N at 105 and 70 kg ha-1, respectively. Our results emphasize that irrigation at 50 kPa and application of N 105 kg ha-1 is the suitable combination for sustainable cultivation of stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Mahajan
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Babit Kumar Thakur
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Probir Kumar Pal
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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An Efficient Stevia rebaudiana Transformation System and In vitro Enzyme Assays Reveal Novel Insights into UGT76G1 Function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3773. [PMID: 32111874 PMCID: PMC7048785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is one of a very few plant species that produce zero calorie, sweet compounds known as steviol glycosides (SG). SGs differ in their sweetness and organoleptic properties depending on the number and positioning of sugar groups on the core steviol backbone. There is great interest of modulating the SG profiles of the Stevia plant to enhance the flavor profile for a given application in the food and beverage industries. Here, we report a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation system using axillary shoots as the initial explant. Using this system, we generated over 200 transgenic Stevia plants overexpressing a specific isoform of UGT76G1. By comparing the SG profiles among independent transgenic events, we demonstrated that altering UGT76G1 expression can change the ratios of specific SG species. Furthermore, using recombinant proteins produced in E. coli, we show that two closely related UGT76G1 isoforms differ in their substrate specificities, providing new insights into mechanisms underlying the diversity of SG profiles that are observed across Stevia germplasm. Finally, we found evidence suggesting that alternative and/or aberrant splicing may serve to influence the ability of the plant to produce functional UGT76G1 transcripts, and possibly produce enzyme variants within the plant.
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Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:94-103. [PMID: 32031079 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200207105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana of the Asteraceae family is a perennial shrub. It is a sweetener herb also known as sweet weed, sweet leaf, sweet herbs and honey leaf, native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The leaves of stevia are sweeter than sucrose with zero calories. Steviol, a diterpenoid glycoside derivative identified from this plant, is sweeter than sucrose and is safe when used as a sweetening agent. Diabetic and obese people with hyperglycemia who are in a condition to follow a strict diet can use stevioside as an alternative sweetener. In addition to its hypoglycemic property, the plant also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-fertility and cardiotonic properties. It has also been documented to show good effects on treating skin diseases such as dermatitis, acne, eczema etc. The leaves of stevia with enriched phytoconstituents could be an alternative natural sweetener for children, adults and old age persons who have a craze to drink beverages and eat sweetened food products in their habitual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Arumugam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arunambiga Subramaniam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveena Alagaraj
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
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13
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Prakash J, Arora NK. Development of Bacillus safensis-based liquid bioformulation to augment growth, stevioside content, and nutrient uptake in Stevia rebaudiana. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 36:8. [PMID: 31858273 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of chemical fertilizers to enhance crop production is a major concern due to associated environmental pollution and health hazards. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an eco-friendly solution to improve crop production and promote sustainable agriculture simultaneously. Stevia rebaudiana is an important medicinal crop being substitute for sugar, superior flavor outline, extensive medicinal properties, and also of agronomic interest. In the present study, bacterium STJP isolated from the rhizospheric soil of S. rebaudiana and identified as Bacillus safensis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed good amount of zinc (4.4 mg/L) and potassium (5.4 mg/L) solubilization. Paneer-whey (a dairy waste) based bioformulation (P-WBF) was developed utilizing isolate B. safensis STJP (accession number NAIMCC TB-2833) and inspected for the quality and ability to enhance the growth, nutrients uptake, and stevioside content in S. rebaudiana. The application of P-WBF displayed a significantly higher concentration (153.12%) of stevioside in S. rebaudiana as compared to control. P-WBF treated Stevia plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry weight as well (as compared to control). Further, enhancement of phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium, and zinc uptake in plant tissue was also recorded by application of P-WBF. This study suggests the use of P-WBF based biofertilizer using B. safensis STJP to increase stevioside content in Stevia plant by a nutrient(s) linked mechanism. This novel approach can also be beneficial for utilization of a dairy waste in preparation of bioformulation and, for enhancement of crop yield by an ecofriendly manner leading to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Sun Y, Hou M, Mur LAJ, Yang Y, Zhang T, Xu X, Huang S, Tong H. Nitrogen drives plant growth to the detriment of leaf sugar and steviol glycosides metabolisms in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:240-249. [PMID: 31195254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SGs) in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves are important due to their high sweetness and low calorific value. The yield of SGs is dependent on fertilization regimes, but the relationship between nitrogen (N) administration and SGs synthesis is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of N rates on SGs production through hydroponic and plot experiments. The SGs yield was not significantly changed by N fertilization, but leaf SGs concentrations were significantly reduced due to the "dilution effect". Additionally, N addition decreased leaf carbon (C)/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration, accompanied with the inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and L-phenylalanine ammonia_lyase activities. A significant positive correlation between leaf SGs concentrations, C/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration was observed. Overall, we suggest that N-driven Stevia growth negatively affects SGs concentrations. The leaf C/N ratio and soluble sugar changes indicated the occurrence of metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Menglan Hou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiying Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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15
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Pacifico S, Piccolella S, Nocera P, Tranquillo E, Dal Poggetto F, Catauro M. Steviol glycosides content in cultivated Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: A new sweet expectation from the Campania region (Italy). J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Singh G, Singh G, Singh P, Parmar R, Paul N, Vashist R, Swarnkar MK, Kumar A, Singh S, Singh AK, Kumar S, Sharma RK. Molecular dissection of transcriptional reprogramming of steviol glycosides synthesis in leaf tissue during developmental phase transitions in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11835. [PMID: 28928460 PMCID: PMC5605536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia is a natural source of commercially important steviol glycosides (SGs), which share biosynthesis route with gibberellic acids (GAs) through plastidal MEP and cytosolic MVA pathways. Ontogeny-dependent deviation in SGs biosynthesis is one of the key factor for global cultivation of Stevia, has not been studied at transcriptional level. To dissect underlying molecular mechanism, we followed a global transcriptome sequencing approach and generated more than 100 million reads. Annotation of 41,262 de novo assembled transcripts identified all the genes required for SGs and GAs biosynthesis. Differential gene expression and quantitative analysis of important pathway genes (DXS, HMGR, KA13H) and gene regulators (WRKY, MYB, NAC TFs) indicated developmental phase dependent utilization of metabolic flux between SGs and GAs synthesis. Further, identification of 124 CYPs and 45 UGTs enrich the genomic resources, and their PPI network analysis with SGs/GAs biosynthesis proteins identifies putative candidates involved in metabolic changes, as supported by their developmental phase-dependent expression. These putative targets can expedite molecular breeding and genetic engineering efforts to enhance SGs content, biomass and yield. Futuristically, the generated dataset will be a useful resource for development of functional molecular markers for diversity characterization, genome mapping and evolutionary studies in Stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajni Parmar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Navgeet Paul
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Vashist
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercially Important Plants, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanatsujat Singh
- Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercially Important Plants, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, PDU Campus, IINRG, Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Ceniceros A, Dijkhuizen L, Petrusma M, Medema MH. Genome-based exploration of the specialized metabolic capacities of the genus Rhodococcus. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:593. [PMID: 28793878 PMCID: PMC5550956 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus are well known for their ability to degrade a large range of organic compounds. Some rhodococci are free-living, saprophytic bacteria; others are animal and plant pathogens. Recently, several studies have shown that their genomes encode putative pathways for the synthesis of a large number of specialized metabolites that are likely to be involved in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. To systematically explore the specialized metabolic potential of this genus, we here performed a comprehensive analysis of the biosynthetic coding capacity across publicly available rhododoccal genomes, and compared these with those of several Mycobacterium strains as well as that of their mutual close relative Amycolicicoccus subflavus. RESULTS Comparative genomic analysis shows that most predicted biosynthetic gene cluster families in these strains are clade-specific and lack any homology with gene clusters encoding the production of known natural products. Interestingly, many of these clusters appear to encode the biosynthesis of lipopeptides, which may play key roles in the diverse environments were rhodococci thrive, by acting as biosurfactants, pathogenicity factors or antimicrobials. We also identified several gene cluster families that are universally shared among all three genera, which therefore may have a more 'primary' role in their physiology. Inactivation of these clusters by mutagenesis might help to generate weaker strains that can be used as live vaccines. CONCLUSIONS The genus Rhodococcus thus provides an interesting target for natural product discovery, in view of its large and mostly uncharacterized biosynthetic repertoire, its relatively fast growth and the availability of effective genetic tools for its genomic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ceniceros
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjan Petrusma
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Gerwig GJ, Te Poele EM, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP. Stevia Glycosides: Chemical and Enzymatic Modifications of Their Carbohydrate Moieties to Improve the Sweet-Tasting Quality. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:1-72. [PMID: 27816105 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stevia glycosides, extracted from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, display an amazing high degree of sweetness. As processed plant products, they are considered as excellent bio-alternatives for sucrose and artificial sweeteners. Being noncaloric and having beneficial properties for human health, they are the subject of an increasing number of studies for applications in food and pharmacy. However, one of the main obstacles for the successful commercialization of Stevia sweeteners, especially in food, is their slight bitter aftertaste and astringency. These undesirable properties may be reduced or eliminated by modifying the carbohydrate moieties of the steviol glycosides. A promising procedure is to subject steviol glycosides to enzymatic glycosylation, thereby introducing additional monosaccharide residues into the molecules. Depending on the number and positions of the monosaccharide units, the taste quality and sweetness potency of the compounds will vary. Many studies have been performed already, and this review summarizes the structures of native steviol glycosides and the recent data of modifications of the carbohydrate moieties that have been published to provide an overview of the current progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Gerwig
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien M Te Poele
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Associated Challenges. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26478-3_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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