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Wang X, Riaz M, Xia X, Babar S, El-Desouki Z, Li Y, Wang J, Jiang C. Alleviation of cotton growth suppression caused by salinity through biochar is strongly linked to the microbial metabolic potential in saline-alkali soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171407. [PMID: 38432366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a typical soil organic amendment; however, there is limited understanding of its impact on the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms in saline-alkaline soil microenvironment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of plant-microorganism interactions. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the impact of saline-alkali stress on cotton, a 6-month pot experiment was conducted, involving the sowing of cotton seedlings in saline-alkali soil. Three different biochar application levels were established: 0 % (C0), 1 % (C1), and 2 % (C2). Results indicated that biochar addition improved the biomass of cotton plants, especially under C2 treatment; the dry weight of cotton bolls were 8.15 times that of C0. Biochar application led to a rise in the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments by 8.30-51.89 % and carbohydrates by 7.4-10.7 times, respectively. Moreover, peroxidase (POD) activity, the content of glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (ASA) were elevated by 23.97 %, 118.39 %, and 48.30 % under C2 treatment, respectively. Biochar caused a reduction in Na+ uptake by 8.21-39.47 %, relative electrical conductivity (REC) of plants, and improved K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratio indicating that biochar alleviated salinity-caused growth reduction. Additionally, the application of biochar enhanced the absorption intensity of polysaccharide fingerprints in cotton leaves and roots. Two-factor co-occurrence analysis indicated that the key differential metabolites connected to several metabolic pathways were L-phenylalanine, piperidine, L-tryptophan, and allysine. Interestingly, biochar altered the metabolic characteristics of saline-alkali soil, especially related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids and purine metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that biochar may be advantageous in saline soil microenvironment; it has a favorable impact on how plants and soil microbial metabolism interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Saba Babar
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zeinab El-Desouki
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Ratnadass A, Llandres AL, Goebel FR, Husson O, Jean J, Napoli A, Sester M, Joseph S. Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168545. [PMID: 37984651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the potential of silicon (Si)-rich biochars (sichars) as crop amendments for pest and pathogen control. The main pathosystems that emerged from our systematic literature search were bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops (mainly tomato, pepper, tobacco and eggplant), piercing-sucking hemipteran pests and soil-borne fungi on gramineous crops (mainly rice and wheat), and parasitic nematodes on other crops. The major pest and pathogen mitigation pathways identified were: i) Si-based physical barriers; ii) Induction of plant defenses; iii) Enhancement of plant-beneficial/pathogen-antagonistic soil microflora in the case of root nematodes; iv) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH conditions unfavorable to root nematodes; v) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH, bulk density and/or water holding capacity favorable to plant growth and resulting tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens; vi) Increased Si uptake resulting in reduced plant quality, owing to reduced nitrogen intake towards some hemi-biotrophic pests or pathogens. Our review highlighted synergies between pathways and tradeoffs between others, depending, inter alia, on: i) crop type (notably whether Si-accumulating or not); ii) pest/pathogen type (e.g. below-ground/root-damaging vs above-ground/aerial part-damaging; "biotrophic" vs "necrotrophic" sensu lato, and corresponding systemic resistance pathways; thriving Eh-pH spectrum; etc.); iii) soil type. Our review also stressed the need for further research on: i) the contribution of Si and other physical-chemical characteristics of biochars (including potential antagonistic effects); ii) the pyrolysis process to a) optimize Si availability in the soil and its uptake by the crop and b) to minimize formation of harmful compounds e.g. cristobalite; iii) on the optimal form of biochar, e.g. Si-nano particles on the surface of the biochar, micron-sized biochar-based compound fertilizer vs larger biochar porous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ratnadass
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France; AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ana L Llandres
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Institut de Recherche Coton (IRC), Cotonou, Benin; CIRAD, UPR AIDA, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou, Benin
| | - François-Régis Goebel
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Husson
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Janine Jean
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Alfredo Napoli
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, 34398 Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Sester
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR Aïda, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Institut Technologique du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Stephen Joseph
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, School of Physics, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Chen Y, Wang X, Li J, Wang Z, Song T, Lai X, Zhang G, Ruan W. The effects of different biochars on Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying transcriptomic mechanisms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284348. [PMID: 37738276 PMCID: PMC10516431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Different biochars have diverse properties, with ambiguous effects on soil nematodes. This study investigated how aspen sawdust (ABC), bamboo powder (BBC), maize straw (MBC) and peanut-shell biochars (PBC) affected Caenorhabditis elegans via culture assays and RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that biochars derived from different agricultural materials varied significantly in physicochemical properties, and PBC produced more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to attract C. elegans than ABC, BBC and MBC. Moreover, worms in ABC experienced the worst outcomes, while worms in PBC experienced milder impacts. Nematode body length decreased to 724.6 μm, 784.0 μm and 799.7 μm on average in ABC, BBC and MBC, respectively, compared to the control (1052 μm) and PBC treatments (960 μm). The brood size in ABC, MBC, BBC and PBC decreased 41.1%, 39.4%, 39.2% and 19.1% compared to the control, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of biochar-induced developmental effects on C. elegans were explored. Although several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were different among the four biochars, worm phenotypic changes were mainly related to col genes (col-129; col-140; col-40; col-184), bli-6, sqt-3, perm-2/4, cdk-8, daf-16 and sod-1/2/5, which are associated with cuticle collagen synthesis, eggshell formation in postembryonic growth and rhythmic processes. Our study suggests that different properties of biochars could be crucial to soil nematodes, as well as the worms' biochemical changes are important for the health in agriculture soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lai
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Weibin Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Yu P, Qin K, Niu G, Gu M. Alleviate environmental concerns with biochar as a container substrate: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1176646. [PMID: 37575924 PMCID: PMC10415017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Peat moss has desirable properties as a container substrate, however, harvesting it from peatland for greenhouse/nursery production use has disturbed peatland ecosystem and caused numerous environmental concerns. More recently, many nations have taken actions to reduce or ban peat moss production to reach the carbon neutral goal and address the environmental concerns. Also, the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides with peat moss in greenhouse/nursery production adds extra environmental and economic issues. Thus, it is urgent to find a peat moss replacement as a container substrate for greenhouse/nursery production. Biochar, a carbon-rich material with porous structure produced by the thermo-chemical decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-limited or oxygen-depleted atmosphere, has drawn researchers' attention for the past two decades. Using biochar to replace peat moss as a container substrate for greenhouse/nursery production could provide environmental and economic benefits. Biochar could be derived from various feedstocks that are regenerated faster than peat moss, and biochar possesses price advantages over peat moss when local feedstock is available. Certain types of biochar can provide nutrients, accelerate nutrient adsorption, and suppress certain pathogens, which end up with reduced fertilizer and pesticide usage and leaching. However, among the 36,474 publications on biochar, 1,457 focused on using biochar as a container substrate, and only 68 were used to replace peat moss as a container substrate component. This study provides a review for the environmental and economic concerns associated with peat moss and discussed using biochar as a peat moss alternative to alleviate these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Kuan Qin
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Genhua Niu
- AgriLife Research Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mengmeng Gu
- Department of Horticulture and Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Hou J, Pugazhendhi A, Phuong TN, Thanh NC, Brindhadevi K, Velu G, Lan Chi NT, Yuan D. Plant resistance to disease: Using biochar to inhibit harmful microbes and absorb nutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113883. [PMID: 35835163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytosanitary concerns are part of today's agricultural environment. The use of chemicals to treat plant diseases is both a source of pollution and allows pathogens to become resistant. Additionally, it can improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil. Therefore, the soil environment is more conducive to healthy plant growth. By improving the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of soil, biochar can enhance plant resistance. Agricultural success has been attributed to biochar's acidic pH, which promotes beneficial soil microorganisms and increases soil nutrients; it is also porous, which provides a home and protects soil microorganisms. By improving soil properties, biochar becomes even more effective at controlling pathogens. The article also discusses the benefits of biochar for managing pathogens in agricultural soils. In addition, we examine several research papers that discuss the use of biochar as a method of combating soil-related pathogens and plant diseases. Biochar can be used to combat soil-borne diseases and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Hou
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Nhat Phuong
- Faculty of Medicine, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Chi Thanh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Gomathi Velu
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Biochar-based fertilizers and their applications in plant growth promotion and protection. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:136. [PMID: 35646504 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is an integral part of the ecosystem because it serves as a habitat for various microorganisms and lays the foundation for supporting plant growth and development. Therefore, factors such as increased anthropogenic activities hand by hand with other natural processes that harm the ecosystem may eventually lead to a decline in soil quality and fertility, hindering the growth of plants and soil microbial communities. Given the current global scenario of increasing human intervention, it is essential to find effective measures and reliable technologies to restore soil quality. Biochar is an emerging soil ameliorant employed for soil health restoration and is primarily generated through the anoxygenic pyrolysis of biomass. The biochar application in soil remediation may be beneficial due to biochar's unique physicochemical properties, including high carbon and metal fixation abilities. In addition, biochar possesses abilities to reduce the plant's environmental stress injuries. This review briefly overviewed the ingredients and mechanism of biochar productions. We then emphatically reviewed the advances in biochar applications in soil bioremediation, soil microflora growth stimulation, and the alleviation of various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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De Kesel J, Degroote E, Nkurunziza R, Singh RR, Demeestere K, De Kock K, Anggraini R, Matthys J, Wambacq E, Haesaert G, Debode J, Kyndt T. Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) Protect Plants From Root-Knot Nematode Infections Through Induced Resistance and Nematicidal Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:785699. [PMID: 35154177 PMCID: PMC8826469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.785699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With nematicides progressively being banned due to their environmental impact, an urgent need for novel and sustainable control strategies has arisen. Stimulation of plant immunity, a phenomenon referred to as "induced resistance" (IR), is a promising option. In this study, Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) were shown to protect rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne graminicola and Meloidogyne incognita, respectively. Focusing on CCOPE derived from peels of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis; mCOPE), we unveiled that this extract combines an IR-triggering capacity with direct nematicidal effects. Under lab conditions, the observed resistance was comparable to the protection obtained by commercially available IR stimuli or nematicides. Via mRNA sequencing and confirmatory biochemical assays, it was proven that mCOPE-IR in rice is associated with systemic effects on ethylene accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and cell wall-related modifications. While no negative trade-offs were detected with respect to plant growth or plant susceptibility to necrotrophic pests or pathogens, additional infection experiments indicated that mCOPE may have a predominant activity toward biotrophs. In summary, the presented data illustrate a propitious potential for these extracts, which can be derived from agro-industrial waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Kesel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Degroote
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Radisras Nkurunziza
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Kock
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riska Anggraini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Matthys
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang Y, Shang Z, Lan W, Liang S, Kang X, Hu Z. Optimization of nutrient removal performance of magnesia-containing constructed wetlands: a microcosm study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58583-58591. [PMID: 34120283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, magnesia has drawn much attention for enhancing phosphorus (P) removal of constructed wetlands. However, the poor nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of magnesia-containing constructed wetlands (Mg-CWs) inherently caused by magnesia impedes its application. In this study, peat and intermittent aeration were applied to enhance N removal in a Mg-CW, identified as P-CW and A-CW, respectively. A high TP removal rate (around 90%) was achieved in all CW, and the TN removal rate in the P-CW was 91.05% higher than that in the Mg-CW, which was mainly because the carbon source provided by the peat directly promoted the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants. Higher fresh weight of plants was obtained in P-CW (64.94 ± 5.78 g), compared with A-CW (35.88 ± 15.25 g) and Mg-CW (46.25 ± 18.88 g), accomplished by stronger tolerance to high pH (>10). The microbial abundance (16S rRNA) in the P-CW was 15.6 and 8.12 times higher than that of Mg-CW and A-CW, respectively, resulting in lower global warming potential. Tanking all factors into consideration, addition of peat could be an effective method to optimize the nutrient removal performance of Mg-CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenxin Shang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lan
- National Engineering Laboratory For Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Kang
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science CO., LTD., Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
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Poveda J, Martínez-Gómez Á, Fenoll C, Escobar C. The Use of Biochar for Plant Pathogen Control. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1490-1499. [PMID: 33529050 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0248-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To support the search for alternative, nonchemical plant disease control strategies, we present a review of the pathogen-suppressive effects of biochar, a product derived from agricultural and other organic wastes, used as a soil amendment. A wide range of biochar effects contribute to the control of root or foliar fungal pathogens through modification of root exudates, soil properties, and nutrient availability, which influence the growth of antagonist microorganisms. The induction of systemic plant defenses by biochar in the roots to reduce foliar pathogenic fungi, the activation of stress-hormone responses, as well as changes in active oxygen species are indicative of a coordinated hormonal signaling within the plant. Although scarce data are available for oomycetes and bacterial pathogens, reports indicate that biochar promotes changes in the soil microbiota influencing pathogen motility and colonization, and the induction of plant systemic defenses, both contributing to disease suppression. Biochar also suppresses nematode and insect pests. For plant-parasitic nematodes, the primary modes of action are changes in soil microbial community diversity, the release of nematicidal compounds, and the induction of plant defenses. Use of biochar-based soil amendments is a promising strategy compatible with a circular economy, based on zero waste, as part of integrated pathogen and pest management. Since biochars exert complex and distinct modes of action for the control of plant pathogens, its nature and application regimes should be designed for particular pathogens and its effects studied locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Biological Mission of Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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De Tender C, Vandecasteele B, Verstraeten B, Ommeslag S, Kyndt T, Debode J. Biochar-Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruits (But Not Leaves) Is Associated With Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700479. [PMID: 34497619 PMCID: PMC8419269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been reported to play a positive role in disease suppression against airborne pathogens in plants. The mechanisms behind this positive trait are not well-understood. In this study, we hypothesized that the attraction of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or fungi (PGPF) underlies the mechanism of biochar in plant protection. The attraction of PGPR and PGPF may either activate the innate immune system of plants or help the plants with nutrient uptake. We studied the effect of biochar in peat substrate (PS) on the susceptibility of strawberry, both on leaves and fruits, against the airborne fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Biochar had a positive impact on the resistance of strawberry fruits but not the plant leaves. On leaves, the infection was more severe compared with plants without biochar in the PS. The different effects on fruits and plant leaves may indicate a trade-off between plant parts. Future studies should focus on monitoring gene expression and metabolites of strawberry fruits to investigate this potential trade-off effect. A change in the microbial community in the rhizosphere was also observed, with increased fungal diversity and higher abundances of amplicon sequence variants classified into Granulicella, Mucilaginibacter, and Byssochlamys surrounding the plant root, where the latter two were reported as biocontrol agents. The change in the microbial community was not correlated with a change in nutrient uptake by the plant in either the leaves or the fruits. A decrease in the defense gene expression in the leaves was observed. In conclusion, the decreased infection of B. cinerea in strawberry fruits mediated by the addition of biochar in the PS is most likely regulated by the changes in the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandecasteele
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verstraeten
- Epigenetics and Defence Research Group, Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ommeslag
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Research Group, Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Differential Effects of Organic Amendments on Maize Biomass and Nutrient Availability in Upland Calcareous Soil. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study is focuses on a sustainable agricultural ecosystem for soil fertility and human health improvement. To estimate the effects of applying organic amendments (compost, vermicompost, biochar, organic manure and rapeseed cake) on crop growth of maize and nutrient uptake in calcareous soil, eleven treatments were studied, which included compost (CM), cow manure vermicompost (CMV), pig manure vermicompost (PMV), biochar vermicompost (BCV), biochar (BC), conventional synthetic fertilizers (NPK), CMV in addition to NPK (CMV + NPK), and PMV in addition to NPK (PMV + NPK), organic manure (OM), rapeseed cake (RC) and control without any fertilization (CK). Maize above and belowground biomass were analyzed in glass greenhouse experiments. The results showed that nitrogen and carbon contents showed significant differences among treatments. Vermicompost significantly showed higher biomass as compared to inorganic fertilizers except for RC. All vermicompost treatments also showed better nutrient availability as compared to NPK and CK. In conclusion, vermicompost with all substrates are recommended for application as organic fertilizers. Our study will help promote the application of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers rather than only inorganic fertilizers for environmental health and sustainability.
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Singh RR, Pajar JA, Audenaert K, Kyndt T. Induced Resistance by Ascorbate Oxidation Involves Potentiating of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Improved Rice Tolerance to Parasitic Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713870. [PMID: 34456953 PMCID: PMC8386471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating an increased ecological awareness, scientists have been exploring new strategies to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. Triggering the intrinsic plant defense system is one of the promising strategies to reduce yield loss by pathogenic organisms, such as nematodes. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) enzyme plays an important role in plant defense by regulating the apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio via the ascorbate oxidation process. Ascorbate oxidation is known to induce systemic resistance in rice against parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN). Here, we sought to evaluate if AO- or DHA-induced resistance (IR) against RKN M. graminicola involves activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and whether this IR phenotype has potential effects on growth of rice seedlings under stressed and unstressed conditions. Our results show that AO/DHA-IR against these parasitic nematodes is dependent on activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). However, application of reduced ascorbic acid (AA) did not induce this response. Gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed that OsPAL2 and OsPAL4 are highly expressed in AO/DHA-sprayed nematode-infected roots and PAL-activity measurements confirmed that AO/DHA spraying triggers the plants for primed activation of this enzyme upon nematode infection. AO/DHA-IR is not effective in plants sprayed with a chemical PAL inhibitor confirming that AO/DHA-induced resistance is dependent on PAL activity. Improved plant growth and low nematode infection in AO/DHA-sprayed plants was found to be correlated with an increase in shoot chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll index (ChlIdx), and modified anthocyanin reflection index which were proven to be good above-ground parameters for nematode infestation. A detailed growth analysis confirmed the improved growth of AO/DHA-treated plants under nematode-infected conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that ascorbate oxidation enhances the phenylpropanoid-based response to nematode infection and leads to a tolerance phenotype in treated rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessil Ann Pajar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Feng L, Xu W, Tang G, Gu M, Geng Z. Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:269. [PMID: 34116636 PMCID: PMC8194105 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. RESULTS Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0-10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. CONCLUSION Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Guangmu Tang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Meiying Gu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Microbial Application, Urumqi, 830091 China
| | - Zengchao Geng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
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Das S, Wadud A, Khokon MAR. Evaluation of the effect of different concentrations of organic amendments and botanical extracts on the mortality and hatching of Meloidogyne javanica. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3759-3767. [PMID: 34220229 PMCID: PMC8241615 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic amendments and botanical extracts are considered as some of the eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticide in suppressing plant pathogenic nematodes (PPN). Root-knot nematode (RKN) is the most important group of PPN distributed globally causing both qualitative and quantitative damage to many crops. Vermicompost and biogas digestate (BD) are two forms of organic amendments reported to have potential to limit RKN infestation. Likewise, marigold (Tagates spp.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) are two widely studied botanicals having shown their potential to control RKN. However, there was not much in vitro research related to organic amendments and botanicals targeting a particular species of RKN to observe their nematicidal effect. An in vitro experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of these organic amendments and botanical extracts at different concentrations (10.0%, 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0%) on the hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne javanica at different time spans. Mortality of J2 and inhibition of hatching of egg mass of M. javanica differed significantly (p < 0.0001) among the interaction effect of treatments and incubation time for both organic amendments and botanical extracts. Findings of this experiment indicated that potentiality for increasing mortality and inhibition of hatching was higher and steadier in botanical extracts than those of organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukalpa Das
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Wadud
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
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Insights on Molecular Characteristics of Hydrochars by 13C-NMR and Off-Line TMAH-GC/MS and Assessment of Their Potential Use as Plant Growth Promoters. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041026. [PMID: 33672045 PMCID: PMC7919478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrochar is a carbon-based material that can be used as soil amendment. Since the physical-chemical properties of hydrochar are mainly assigned to process parameters, we aimed at evaluating the organic fraction of different hydrochars through 13C-NMR and off-line TMAH-GC/MS. Four hydrochars produced with sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and sulfuric or phosphoric acids were analyzed to elucidate the main molecular features. Germination and initial growth of maize seedlings were assessed using hydrochar water-soluble fraction to evaluate their potential use as growth promoters. The hydrochars prepared with phosphoric acid showed larger amounts of bioavailable lignin-derived structures. Although no differences were shown about the percentage of maize seeds germination, the hydrochar produced with phosphoric acid promoted a better seedling growth. For this sample, the greatest relative percentage of benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds were associated to hormone-like effects, responsible for stimulating shoot and root elongation. The reactions parameters proved to be determinant for the organic composition of hydrochar, exerting a strict influence on molecular features and plant growth response.
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Xiang C, Yang X, Peng D, Kang H, Liu M, Li W, Huang W, Liu S. Proteome-Wide Analyses Provide New Insights into the Compatible Interaction of Rice with the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165640. [PMID: 32781661 PMCID: PMC7460654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is an important pathogen in rice, causing huge yield losses annually worldwide. Details of the interaction between rice and M. graminicola and the resistance genes in rice still remain unclear. In this study, proteome-wide analyses of the compatible interaction of the japonica rice cultivar “Nipponbare” (NPB) with M. graminicola were performed. In total, 6072 proteins were identified in NPB roots with and without infection of M. graminicola by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Of these, 513 specifically or significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified to be uniquely caused by nematode infection. Among these unique proteins, 99 proteins were enriched on seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. By comparison of protein expression and gene transcription, LOC_Os01g06600 (ACX, a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase), LOC_Os09g23560 (CAD, a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase), LOC_Os03g39850 (GST, a glutathione S-transferase) and LOC_Os11g11960 (RPM1, a disease resistance protein) on the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant–pathogen interaction pathways, respectively, were all associated with disease defense and identified to be significantly down-regulated in the compatible interaction of NPB with nematodes, while the corresponding genes were remarkably up-regulated in the roots of a resistant rice accession “Khao Pahk Maw” with infection of nematodes. These four genes likely played important roles in the compatible interaction of rice with M. graminicola. Conversely, these disease defense-related genes were hypothesized to be likely involved in the resistance of resistant rice lines to this nematode. The proteome-wide analyses provided many new insights into the interaction of rice with M. graminicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China;
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Maoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Wei Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Shiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (D.P.); (H.K.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (S.L.)
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Wu H, Qin X, Wu H, Li F, Wu J, Zheng L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhao Y, Lin S, Lin W. Biochar mediates microbial communities and their metabolic characteristics under continuous monoculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125835. [PMID: 31927385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment has been extensively used to improve plant performance and suppress disease in monoculture systems; however, few studies have focused on the underlying control mechanisms of replanting disease. In this study, we assessed the effects of biochar application on Radix pseudostellariae plant growth, rhizosphere soil microbial communities, and the physiological properties of microorganisms in a consecutive monoculture system. We found that biochar addition had little impact on the physiological parameters of tissue cultures of R. pseudostellaria but did significantly mediate microbial abundance in the rhizosphere soil of different consecutive monoculture years, leading to decreases in the abundance of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces helicus, and Kosakonia sacchari. Furthermore, biochar amendment had negative effects on the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Burkholderia ambifaria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus pumilus. Metabolomic analysis indicated that biochar significantly influenced the metabolic processes of F. oxysporum while inhibiting the mycelial growth and abating the virulence on plants. In summary, this study details the potential mechanisms responsible for the biochar-stimulated changes in the abundances and metabolism of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, decreases in the contents of pathogens, and therefore improvements in the environmental conditions for plants growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of biochar in long-term field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education / College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Huiming Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Jiachun Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Juanying Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education / College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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Ntalli N, Adamski Z, Doula M, Monokrousos N. Nematicidal Amendments and Soil Remediation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E429. [PMID: 32244565 PMCID: PMC7238745 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intensification of agriculture has created concerns about soil degradation and toxicity of agricultural chemicals to non-target organisms. As a result, there is great urgency for discovering new ecofriendly tools for pest management and plant nutrition. Botanical matrices and their extracts and purified secondary metabolites have received much research interest, but time-consuming registration issues have slowed their adoption. In contrast, cultural practices such as use of plant matrices as soil amendments could be immediately used as plant protectants or organic fertilizers. Herein, we focus on some types of soil amendments of botanical origin and their utilization for nematicidal activity and enhancement of plant nutrition. The mode of action is discussed in terms of parasite control as well as plant growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Doula
- Laboratory of Non-Parasitic Diseases, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Pastor-Bueis R, Sánchez-Cañizares C, James EK, González-Andrés F. Formulation of a Highly Effective Inoculant for Common Bean Based on an Autochthonous Elite Strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, and Genomic-Based Insights Into Its Agronomic Performance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2724. [PMID: 31920999 PMCID: PMC6927923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean is a poor symbiotic N-fixer, with a low response to inoculation owing to its promiscuous nodulation with competitive but inefficient resident rhizobia. Consequently, farmers prefer to fertilize them rather than rely on their capacity for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). However, when rhizobial inoculants are based on autochthonous strains, they often have superior BNF performance in the field due to their genetic adaptations to the local environment. Nevertheless, there is scant information at the genomic level explaining their superiority or on how their genomes may influence the inoculant performance. This information is especially important in technologically advanced agri-systems like Europe, where environmental concerns and increasingly stringent fertilizer regulations are encouraging a return to the use of rhizobial inoculants, but based upon strains that have been thoroughly characterized in terms of their symbiotic performance and their genetics. The aim of this study was to design an inoculant formulation based on a superior autochthonous strain, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli LCS0306, to assess its performance in the field, and to determine the genomic features contributing to the high effectiveness of its symbiosis with common bean. Plants inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306 fixed significantly more nitrogen than those with the allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42T, and had grain yield similar to the nitrogen-fertilized controls. Inoculation with LCS0306 was particularly efficacious when formulated with a carrier based upon a mixture of perlite and biochar. Whole genome comparisons revealed no differences in the classical symbiotic genes of strain LCS0306 within the symbiovar phaseoli. However, its symbiotic superior performance might be due to its genomic versatility, as it harbors a large assortment of genes contributing to fitness and competitiveness. It is concluded that inoculation with elite rhizobia formulated with perlite-biochar carriers might constitute a step-change in the sustainable cultivation of common bean in Spanish soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pastor-Bueis
- Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Biochar amendment controlled bacterial wilt through changing soil chemical properties and microbial community. Microbiol Res 2019; 231:126373. [PMID: 31739260 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term continuous cropping has led to epidemic of bacterial wilt disease in Southern China. Bacterial wilt disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and difficult to control. In order to control bacterial wilt, rice hull biochar was applied to soil with different doses (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1) in a field trial. After three years, the influence of biochar on soil properties, incidence of bacterial wilt and microbial community were characterized. Biochar amendment significantly suppressed bacterial wilt through changing soil chemical properties and microbial composition. Compared with control, disease incidence and index of biochar amendments (7.5, 15, 30, and 45 t ha-1) significantly decreased. Disease incidence and index of biochar amendment (15 t ha-1) were the lowest. Compared to the unamended control, contents of soil organic matter in biochar amendments (15, 30 t ha-1), available nitrogen in biochar amendment (15 t ha-1), and urease activity in biochar amendments (7.5, 15 t ha-1) significantly increased. Biochar amendments (15, 30, and 45 t ha-1) increased the relative abundances of potential beneficial bacteria (Aeromicrobium, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Chlorochromatium, Chthoniobacter, Corynebacterium, Geobacillus, Leptospirillum, Marisediminicola, Microvirga, Pseudoxanthomonas, Telmatobacter). Biochar amendments (7.5, 30, and 45 t ha-1) reduced the relative abundances of denitrifying bacteria (Noviherbaspirillum, Reyranella, Thermus). Biochar amendments (7.5, 15, and 45 t ha-1) significantly decreased pathogen Ralstonia abundance. Overall, application of biochar effectively controlled bacterial wilt through sequestering more carbon and nitrogen, enriching specific beneficial bacteria and decreasing pathogen abundance. This study revealed the potential of biochar in control of bacterial wilt.
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Chen Y, Li R, Li B, Meng L. Biochar applications decrease reproductive potential of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and upregulate defense-related gene expression. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1310-1316. [PMID: 30353669 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of biochar as a targeted strategy for managing herbivorous pests is a topic of growing interest. The present study first determined the influence of biochar amendments on the reproductive performance of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae, and then examined defense-related gene expression in the wheat plant as a function of biochar amendments and aphid feeding. RESULTS Compared to the control, biocahr amendments decreased aphid lifetime fertility by 9.09% and 20.23% for amending levels at 3% and 5%, respectively; it reduced aphid population by 18.68%, 21.69%, and 28.70% for the levels at 1.5%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. Biochar applications increased silicon content more than 40% in wheat plants. Furthermore, biochar additions increased the expression of four defense-related genes (AOS, LOX, PAL and PR) in wheat plants with extension of feeding time by aphids. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that biochar amendments to soils have detrimental consequences on the reproductive potential of the aphid on the wheat, and the effect may result from aphid-induced plant defenses being raised by biochar applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoping Li
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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E Y, Meng J, Hu H, Cheng D, Zhu C, Chen W. Effects of organic molecules from biochar-extracted liquor on the growth of rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:338-345. [PMID: 30544094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There are many reports indicating that biochar can promote growth; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to show that organic molecules from biochar-extracted liquor affect the growth of rice seedlings. In this study, rice seedlings were cultured under water. Agronomic traits and growth-related genes and proteins were used as markers to describe more precisely the effects of biochar on specific growth parameters of rice seedlings. Our results demonstrated that the 3% biochar-extracted liquor amendment clearly promoted growth. The growth-related gene auxin binding protein 1 and its encoded protein were up-regulated. Molecular simulations revealed that 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran from biochar-extracted liquor could interact with auxin binding protein 1 in a similar way to indoleacetic acid binding. The growth of rice seedlings was therefore affected by biochar-extracted liquor, which acted on the ABP1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang E
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 863002, PR China
| | - Dengmiao Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Ultrasonography Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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Lin YJ, Yu XZ, Zhang Q. Transcriptome analysis of Oryza sativa in responses to different concentrations of thiocyanate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11696-11709. [PMID: 30806930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective concentrations of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to rice seedlings were experimentally determined using relative growth rate as a sensitive endpoint. Agilent 44-K rice microarray was used to profile the molecular responses of rice seedlings exposed to thiocyanate ion (SCN-) at three different effective concentrations (EC10, EC20, and EC50). A total of 18,498 known genes were collected from SCN-treated rice microarray analysis. Out of all, 1603, 1882, and 5085 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at EC10, EC20, and EC50 concentrations, respectively. More upregulated/downregulated DEGs were detected in shoots than in roots after SCN- exposure. Gene functions and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs indicated that different effective concentrations of SCN- resulted in multiple enriched GO categories and KEGG pathways and outcomes were quite tissue-specific. Different regulations and adaptations of gene expression in molecular function (MF), biological process (BP), and cellular components (CC) were observed in rice tissues at different effective concentrations of SCN-, suggesting their different responsive and adaptive strategies. Information collected here presents a detailed description of SCN-induced alternations of gene expression in rice seedlings and provide valuable information for further searching specific genes participating in transportation, phytotoxic responses, and detoxification of SCN- in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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Gao S, Doll DA, Stanghellini MS, Westerdahl BB, Wang D, Hanson BD. Deep injection and the potential of biochar to reduce fumigant emissions and effects on nematode control. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:469-477. [PMID: 29957420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reducing fumigant emissions is essential for minimizing the environmental impacts of pre-plant soil fumigation. Low permeability plastic films are effective at reducing emissions but have high initial purchase, installation, and disposal costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate if deep fumigant injection and biochar soil amendments can reduce emissions, improve fumigant distribution in soil, and provide acceptable control of plant parasitic nematodes. A pre-plant soil fumigation trial was conducted in a commercial orchard in the San Joaquin Valley, CA, USA. Treatments included two rates of Telone® C-35 (a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin) under totally impermeable film or with no surface seal, two injection depths (45 or 65 cm), and two biochar rates (20 or 40 ton ha-1). Emission rates were generally low due to rain events encountered during the trial, but data clearly showed that the deep injection enhanced fumigant delivery to depths below 60 cm and resulted in significantly lower peak emission compared to the standard injection depth. Biochar applied at 40 ton ha-1 had the lowest emission rates during 1-month monitoring period. Although variability in nematode survival was high, tarped, deep injection, and biochar treatment showed lower survival of nematodes at various depths. Increase in fumigant persistence, especially chloropicrin, was observed in this study, likely due to the high soil moisture and low temperature. All data indicate that biochar amendments can help reduce fumigant emissions without reducing nematode control; however, additional research is needed to optimize treatments, determine the affordability of various biochar materials, and validate results under a range of field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suduan Gao
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
| | - David A Doll
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced, CA 95341, USA.
| | | | - Becky B Westerdahl
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Dong Wang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
| | - Bradley D Hanson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Jaiswal AK, Elad Y, Cytryn E, Graber ER, Frenkel O. Activating biochar by manipulating the bacterial and fungal microbiome through pre-conditioning. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:363-377. [PMID: 29417582 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can enhance plant growth and reduce diseases, but frequently the optimal doses for these two benefits do not coincide. An approach is needed that will extend the range of biochar doses resulting in a concurrence of maximum benefits for both plant productivity and disease suppression. A biochar-amended growth medium was pre-conditioned by pre-planting fertigation in order to enhance the indigenous microbial community structure and activity. Cucumber plant performance and resistance against damping-off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum were monitored. Soil microbial activity, as well as bacterial and fungal community structure, were assessed by high-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS1 gene amplicon sequencing. Pre-conditioning enhanced the efficacy of biochar for improving plant performance and suppressing soilborne disease through enriching the medium in beneficial soil microorganisms, increasing microbial and fungal diversity and activity, and eliminating biochar phytotoxic compounds. The pre-conditioning process brought dose-response curves for both growth and disease resistance into sync, resulting in maximum benefits for both. These findings suggest that pre-conditioning should be incorporated as an important stage during biochar application in soil and soilless media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, 7505101, Israel
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Jaiswal A, Elad Y, Graber E, Cytryn E, Frenkel O. Soil-borne disease suppression and plant growth promotion by biochar soil amendments and possible mode of action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2018.1207.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhan LP, Peng DL, Wang XL, Kong LA, Peng H, Liu SM, Liu Y, Huang WK. Priming effect of root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:50. [PMID: 29580214 PMCID: PMC5870084 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon (Si) can confer plant resistance to both abiotic and biotic stress. In the present study, the priming effect of Si on rice (Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare) against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and its histochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS Si amendment significantly reduced nematodes in rice roots and delayed their development, while no obvious negative effect on giant cells was observed. Increased resistance in rice was correlated with higher transcript levels of defense-related genes (OsERF1, OsEIN2 and OsACS1) in the ethylene (ET) pathway. Si amendment significantly reduced nematode numbers in rice plants with enhanced ET signaling but had no effect in plants deficient in ET signaling, indicating that the priming effects of Si were dependent on the ET pathway. A higher deposition of callose and accumulation of phenolic compounds were observed in rice roots after nematode attack in Si-amended plants than in the controls. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the priming effect may partially depend on the production of phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide. Further research is required to model the ethylene signal transduction pathway that occurs in the Si-plant-nematode interaction system and gain a better understanding of Si-induced defense in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-An Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Waqas M, Shahzad R, Hamayun M, Asaf S, Khan AL, Kang SM, Yun S, Kim KM, Lee IJ. Biochar amendment changes jasmonic acid levels in two rice varieties and alters their resistance to herbivory. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191296. [PMID: 29373575 PMCID: PMC5786292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar addition to soil not only sequesters carbon for the long-term but enhances agricultural productivity. Several well-known benefits arise from biochar amendment, including constant provision of nutrients, increased soil moisture retention, decreased soil bulk density, and sometimes the induction of systemic resistance against foliar and soil borne plant pathogens. However, no research has investigated the potential of biochar to increase resistance against herbivory. The white-backed plant hopper (WBPH) (Sogatella furcifera Horváth) is a serious agricultural pest that targets rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop that feeds half of the world’s human population. Therefore, we investigated the (1) optimization of biochar amendment levels for two rice varieties (‘Cheongcheong’ and ‘Nagdong’) and (2) subsequent effects of different biochar amendments on resistance and susceptibility of these two varieties to WBPH infestation. Initial screening results for the optimization level revealed that the application of biochar 10% (w/w) to the rooting media significantly improved plant physiological characteristics of both rice varieties. However, levels of biochar amendment, mainly 1, 2, 3, and 20%, resulted in negative effects on plant growth characteristics. Cheongcheong and Nagdong rice plants grown with the optimum biochar level showed contrasting reactions to WBPH infestation. Specifically, biochar application significantly increased plant growth characteristics of Nagdong when exposed to WBPH infestation and significantly decreased these characteristics in Cheongcheong. The amount of WBPH-induced damage to plants was significantly lower and higher in Nagdong and Cheongcheong, respectively, compared to that in the controls. Higher levels of jasmonic acid caused by the biochar priming effect could have accumulated in response to WBPH infestation, resulting in a maladaptive response to stress, negatively affecting growth and resistance to WBPH in Cheongcheong. This study highlights the importance of investigating the effects of biochar on different rice varieties before application on a commercial scale to avoid potential crop losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Buner, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sopheap Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kolton M, Graber ER, Tsehansky L, Elad Y, Cytryn E. Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1393-1404. [PMID: 27780299 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The 'biochar effect' depicts a phenomenon in which biochar soil amendment enhances plant performance by promoting growth and suppressing disease. Although this phenomenon has been observed in numerous studies, the mode of action that explains it is currently unknown. In order to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the 'biochar effect', we comprehensively monitored tomato plant development and resistance to the foliar fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, in biochar-amended and nonamended soils using native biochar and washed biochar, striped of labile chemical constituents. We concomitantly assessed bacterial community succession in the rhizosphere by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and carbon-source utilization profiling. Biochar had little impact on plant physiological parameters. However, both native and washed biochar treatments were characterized by higher rhizosphere bacterial diversity and enhanced carbohydrate and phenolic compound utilization rates coupled to stimulation of bacteria known to degrade phenolic compounds. This study indicates that the 'biochar effect' is at least partially dictated by increased diversity and changes in metabolic potential in the rhizosphere microbiome, which is primarily triggered by the recalcitrant carbon backbone of the biochar and tightly bound compounds. It corresponds to the growing consensus that soil amendments which enhance microbial diversity have important benefits to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kolton
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Ludmila Tsehansky
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
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30
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Hu Y, You J, Li C, Williamson VM, Wang C. Ethylene response pathway modulates attractiveness of plant roots to soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41282. [PMID: 28112257 PMCID: PMC5256374 DOI: 10.1038/srep41282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes respond to root exudates to locate their host roots. In our studies second stage juveniles of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), quickly migrated to soybean roots in Pluronic F-127 gel. Roots of soybean and non-host Arabidopsis treated with the ethylene (ET)-synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) were more attractive to SCN than untreated roots, and significantly more nematodes penetrated into roots. Moreover, Arabidopsis ET insensitive mutants (ein2, ein2-1, ein2-5, ein3-1, ein5-1, and ein6) were more attractive than wild-type plants. Conversely, the constitutive triple-response mutant ctr1-1, was less attractive to SCN. While ET receptor gain-of-function mutant ein4-1 attracted more SCN than the wild-type, there were no significant differences in attractiveness between another gain-of-function ET receptor mutant, etr1-3, or the loss-of-function mutants etr1-7 and ers1-3 and the wild type. Expression of the reporter construct EBS: β-glucuronidase (GUS) was detected in Arabidopsis root tips as early as 6 h post infection, indicating that ET signaling was activated in Arabidopsis early by SCN infection. These results suggest that an active ET signaling pathway reduces root attractiveness to SCN in a way similar to that reported for root-knot nematodes, but opposite to that suggested for the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081 China
| | - Jia You
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081 China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081 China
| | | | - Congli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081 China
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Mantelin S, Bellafiore S, Kyndt T. Meloidogyne graminicola: a major threat to rice agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:3-15. [PMID: 26950515 PMCID: PMC6638252 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Metazoa; Phylum Nematoda; Class Chromadorea; Order Tylenchida; Suborder Tylenchina; Infraorder Tylenchomorpha; Superfamily Tylenchoidea; Family Meloidogynidae; Subfamily Meloidogyninae; Genus Meloidogyne. BIOLOGY Microscopic non-segmented roundworm. Plant pathogen; obligate sedentary endoparasitic root-knot nematode. Reproduction: facultative meiotic parthenogenetic species in which amphimixis can occur at a low frequency (c. 0.5%); relatively fast life cycle completed in 19-27 days on rice depending on the temperature range. HOST RANGE Reported to infect over 100 plant species, including cereals and grass plants, as well as dicotyledonous plants. Main host: rice (Oryza sativa). SYMPTOMS Characteristic hook-shaped galls (root swellings), mainly formed at the root tips of infected plants. Alteration of the root vascular system causes disruption of water and nutrient transport, stunting, chlorosis and loss of vigour, resulting in poor growth and reproduction of the plants with substantial yield losses in crops. DISEASE CONTROL Nematicides, chemical priming, constant immersion of rice in irrigated fields, crop rotation with resistant or non-host plants, use of nematode-free planting material. Some sources of resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola have been identified in African rice species (O. glaberrima and O. longistaminata), as well as in a few Asian rice cultivars. AGRONOMIC IMPORTANCE Major threat to rice agriculture, particularly in Asia. Adapted to flooded conditions, Meloidogyne graminicola causes problems in all types of rice agrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mantelin
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee Effector ConsortiumInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Stéphane Bellafiore
- IRD‐CIRAD‐Université Montpellier II, UMR Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME)34394MontpellierFrance
- LMI‐RICEHanoiVietnam
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular BiotechnologyGhent University9000GhentBelgium
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De Tender C, Haegeman A, Vandecasteele B, Clement L, Cremelie P, Dawyndt P, Maes M, Debode J. Dynamics in the Strawberry Rhizosphere Microbiome in Response to Biochar and Botrytis cinerea Leaf Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2062. [PMID: 28066380 PMCID: PMC5177642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adding biochar, the solid coproduct of biofuel production, to peat can enhance strawberry growth, and disease resistance against the airborne fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, biochar can induce shifts in the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome. However, the moment that this biochar-mediated shift occurs in the rhizosphere is not known. Further, the effect of an above-ground infection on the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome is unknown. In the present study we established two experiments in which strawberry transplants (cv. Elsanta) were planted either in peat or in peat amended with 3% biochar. First, we established a time course experiment to measure the effect of biochar on the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities over time. In a second experiment, we inoculated the strawberry leaves with B. cinerea, and studied the impact of the infection on the rhizosphere bacterial community. The fungal rhizosphere community was stabilized after 1 week, except for the upcoming Auriculariales, whereas the bacterial community shifted till 6 weeks. An effect of the addition of biochar to the peat on the rhizosphere microbiome was solely measured for the bacterial community from week 6 of plant growth onwards. When scoring the plant development, biochar addition was associated with enhanced root formation, fruit production, and postharvest resistance of the fruits against B. cinerea. We hypothesize that the bacterial rhizosphere microbiome, but also biochar-mediated changes in chemical substrate composition could be involved in these events. Infection of the strawberry leaves with B. cinerea induced shifts in the bacterial rhizosphere community, with an increased bacterial richness. This disease-induced effect was not observed in the rhizospheres of the B. cinerea-infected plants grown in the biochar-amended peat. The results show that an above-ground infection has its effect on the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome, changing the bacterial interactions in the root-substrate interface. This infection effect on the bacterial rhizosphere microbiome seems to be comparable to, but less pronounced than the effect of biochar-addition to the peat. The biological meaning of these observations needs further research, but this study indicates that biochar and an above-ground pathogen attack help the plant to recruit rhizosphere microbes that may aid them in their plant growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMerelbeke, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandecasteele
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Husbandry and Environment, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Clement
- Department of Applied Mathematics Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent From Nucleotides to Networks, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cremelie
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMerelbeke, Belgium; Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Husbandry and Environment, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMerelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Dawyndt
- Department of Applied Mathematics Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Maes
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Crop Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research Merelbeke, Belgium
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Huang WK, Wu QS, Peng H, Kong LA, Liu SM, Yin HQ, Cui RQ, Zhan LP, Cui JK, Peng DL. Mutations in Acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38102. [PMID: 27897265 PMCID: PMC5126670 DOI: 10.1038/srep38102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes severe damage to continuously cropping vegetables. The control of this nematode relies heavily on organophosphate nematicides in China. Here, we described resistance to the organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate in a greenhouse-collected resistant population (RP) and a laboratory susceptible population (SP) of M. incognita. Fosthiazate was 2.74-fold less toxic to nematodes from RP than that from SP. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) transcription level in the RP was significantly higher than that in the SP. Eighteen nonsynonymous amino acid differences in ace2 were observed between the cDNA fragments of the RP and SP. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein activity in the RP was significantly reduced compared with that in the SP. After knocking down the ace2 gene, the ace2 transcription level was significantly decreased, but no negative impact on the infection of juveniles was observed. The 50% lethal concentration of the RNAi RP population decreased 40%, but the inhibition rate of fosthiazate against AChE activity was significantly increased in RP population. Thus, the increased fosthiazate insensitivity in the M. incognita resistant population was strongly associated with mutations in ace2. These results provide valuable insights into the resistance mechanism of root-knot nematode to organophosphate nematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin-Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling-An Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua-Qun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ru-Qiang Cui
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiang-Kuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - De-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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