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Yan L, Fang H, Liang Y, Wang Y, Ren F, Xie X, Wu D. Transcriptome analyses of Acer Truncatum Bunge seeds to delineate the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:605. [PMID: 38886635 PMCID: PMC11181630 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acer truncatum Bunge is an economic, ecological, oil, and medicinal tree, and its kernel oil is rich in nervonic acid. It is crucial to explore the transcriptional expression patterns of genes affecting fatty acid synthesis to improve the quality of Acer truncatum oil. RESULTS This study used the seeds from high fatty acid strain YQC and those from low fatty acid strain Y38 as the test materials. Specifically, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Y38 seeds and YQC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two time points (seeds 30 days after the blooming period and 90 days after the blooming period). Compared with YQC_1 (YQC seeds at 30 days after the blooming period), a total of 3,618 DEGs were identified, including 2,333 up-regulated and 1,285 downregulated DEGs in Y38_1 (Y38 seeds at 30 days after blooming period). In the Y38_2 (Y38 seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) versus YQC_2 (YQC seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) comparison group, 9,340 genes were differentially expressed, including 5,422 up-regulated and 3,918 down-regulated genes. The number of DEGs in Y38 compared to YQC was significantly higher in the late stages of seed development. Gene functional enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. And two fatty acid synthesis-related genes and seven nervonic acid synthesis-related genes were validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a basis for further research on biosynthesizing fatty acids and nervonic acidnervonic acids in A. truncatum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yinhua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Shandong Provincial Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources Center, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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2
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Chen J, Hu Y, Zhao T, Huang C, Chen J, He L, Dai F, Chen S, Wang L, Jin S, Zhang T. Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the genetic networks regulating oil differential production in oil crops. BMC Biol 2024; 22:110. [PMID: 38735918 PMCID: PMC11089805 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants differ more than threefold in seed oil contents (SOCs). Soybean (Glycine max), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), rapeseed (Brassica napus), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) are four important oil crops with markedly different SOCs and fatty acid compositions. RESULTS Compared to grain crops like maize and rice, expanded acyl-lipid metabolism genes and relatively higher expression levels of genes involved in seed oil synthesis (SOS) in the oil crops contributed to the oil accumulation in seeds. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomics on oil crops with two different SOC materials. In common, DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE, STEAROYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE, PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, and oil-body protein genes were both differentially expressed between the high- and low-oil materials of each crop. By comparing functional components of SOS networks, we found that the strong correlations between genes in "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "fatty acid synthesis" were conserved in both grain and oil crops, with PYRUVATE KINASE being the common factor affecting starch and lipid accumulation. Network alignment also found a conserved clique among oil crops affecting seed oil accumulation, which has been validated in Arabidopsis. Differently, secondary and protein metabolism affected oil synthesis to different degrees in different crops, and high SOC was due to less competition of the same precursors. The comparison of Arabidopsis mutants and wild type showed that CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 9, the conserved regulator we identified, was a factor resulting in different relative contents of lignins to oil in seeds. The interconnection of lipids and proteins was common but in different ways among crops, which partly led to differential oil production. CONCLUSIONS This study goes beyond the observations made in studies of individual species to provide new insights into which genes and networks may be fundamental to seed oil accumulation from a multispecies perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chujun Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu He
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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Li Y, Kong F, Wu S, Song W, Shao Y, Kang M, Chen T, Peng L, Shu Q. Integrated analysis of metabolome, transcriptome, and bioclimatic factors of Acer truncatum seeds reveals key candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and potentially optimal production area. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:284. [PMID: 38627650 PMCID: PMC11020666 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids found in plant seeds are essential for controlling seed dormancy, dispersal, and defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, these lipids provide nutrition and energy and are therefore important to the human diet as edible oils. Acer truncatum, which belongs to the Aceaceae family, is widely cultivated around the world for its ornamental value. Further because its seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs)- i.e. α-linolenic acid (ALA) and nervonic acid (NA)- and because it has been validated as a new food resource in China, the importance of A. truncatum has greatly risen. However, it remains unknown how UFAs are biosynthesized during the growth season, to what extent environmental factors impact their content, and what areas are potentially optimal for their production. RESULTS In this study, transcriptome and metabolome of A. truncatum seeds at three representative developmental stages was used to find the accumulation patterns of all major FAs. Cumulatively, 966 metabolites and 87,343 unigenes were detected; the differential expressed unigenes and metabolites were compared between stages as follows: stage 1 vs. 2, stage 1 vs. 3, and stage 2 vs. 3 seeds, respectively. Moreover, 13 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) and 20 β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases (KCSs) were identified, among which the expression level of FAD3 (Cluster-7222.41455) and KCS20 (Cluster-7222.40643) were consistent with the metabolic results of ALA and NA, respectively. Upon analysis of the geographical origin-affected diversity from 17 various locations, we found significant variation in phenotypes and UFA content. Notably, in this study we found that 7 bioclimatic variables showed considerable influence on FAs contents in A. truncatum seeds oil, suggesting their significance as critical environmental parameters. Ultimately, we developed a model for potentially ecological suitable regions in China. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between metabolome and transcriptome in A. truncatum at various developmental stages of seeds and a new strategy to enhance seed FA content, especially ALA and NA. This is particularly significant in meeting the increasing demands for high-quality edible oil for human consumption. The study offers a scientific basis for A. truncatum's novel utilization as a woody vegetable oil rather than an ornamental plant, potentially expanding its cultivation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai'an, 271002, China
| | - Liping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qingyan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wang K, Lin L, Wei P, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Combining orthogonal plant and non-plant fatty acid biosynthesis pathways for efficient production of microbial oil enriched in nervonic acid in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129012. [PMID: 37019413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid has proven efficacy in brain development and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, an alternative and sustainable strategy for nervonic acid-enriched plant oil production was established. Different β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases and heterologous Δ15 desaturase were co-expressed, combined with the deletion of the β-oxidation pathway to construct orthogonal plant and non-plant nervonic acid biosynthesis pathways in Yarrowia lipolytica. A "block-pull-restrain" strategy was further applied to improve the supply of stearic acid as the precursor of the non-plant pathway. Then, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from Malania oleifera (MoLpaat) was identified, which showed specificity for nervonic acid. Endogenous LPAAT was exchanged by MoLPAAT resulted in 17.10 % nervonic acid accumulation. Finally, lipid metabolism was engineered and cofactor supply was increased to boost the lipid accumulation in a stable null-hyphal strain. The final strain produced 57.84 g/L oils with 23.44 % nervonic acid in fed-batch fermentation, which has the potential to substitute nervonic acid-enriched plant oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Yang T, Zhang R, Tian X, Yao G, Shen Y, Wang S, Mao J, Li G, Liu A, Sun W, Ma Y. The chromosome-level genome assembly and genes involved in biosynthesis of nervonic acid of Malania oleifera. Sci Data 2023; 10:298. [PMID: 37208438 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervonic acid (C24:1 Δ15, NA) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, a clinically indispensable resource in maintaining the brain and nerve cells development and regeneration. Till now, NA has been found in 38 plant species, among which the garlic-fruit tree (Malania oleifera) has been evaluated to be the best candidate for NA production. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of M. oleifera employing PacBio long-read, short-read Illumina as well as Hi-C sequencing data. The genome assembly consisted of 1.5 Gb with a contig N50 of ~4.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of ~112.6 Mb. ~98.2% of the assembly was anchored into 13 pseudo-chromosomes. It contains ~1123 Mb repeat sequences, and 27,638 protein-coding genes, 568 tRNAs, 230 rRNAs and 352 other non-coding RNAs. Additionally, we documented candidate genes involved in NA biosynthesis including 20 KCSs, 4 KCRs, 1 HCD and 1 ECR, and profiled the expression patterns of these genes in developing seeds. The high-quality assembly of the genome provides insights into the genome evolution of the M. oleifera genome and candidate genes involved in NA biosynthesis in the seeds of this important woody tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianquan Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Rengang Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanting Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sihai Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Beijing Ori-Gene Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Weibang Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations/Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Sun Y, Liu B, Xue J, Wang X, Cui H, Li R, Jia X. Critical metabolic pathways and genes cooperate for epoxy fatty acid-enriched oil production in developing seeds of Vernonia galamensis, an industrial oleaginous plant. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35216635 PMCID: PMC8881847 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Vernonia galamensis native to Africa is an annual oleaginous plant of Asteraceae family. As a newly established industrial oil crop, this plant produces high level (> 70%) of vernolic acid (cis-12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid), which is an unusual epoxy fatty acid (EFA) with multiple industrial applications. Here, transcriptome analysis and fatty acid profiling from developing V. galamensis seeds were integrated to uncover the critical metabolic pathways responsible for high EFA accumulation, aiming to identify the target genes that could be used in the biotechnological production of high-value oils. Results Based on oil accumulation dynamics of V. galamensis seeds, we harvested seed samples from three stages (17, 38, and 45 days after pollination, DAP) representing the initial, fast and final EFA accumulation phases, and one mixed sample from different tissues for RNA-sequencing, with three biological replicates for each sample. Using Illumina platform, we have generated a total of 265 million raw cDNA reads. After filtering process, de novo assembly of clean reads yielded 67,114 unigenes with an N50 length of 1316 nt. Functional annotation resulted in the identification of almost all genes involved in diverse lipid-metabolic pathways, including the novel fatty acid desaturase/epoxygenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases. Expression profiling revealed that various genes associated with acyl editing, fatty acid β-oxidation, triacylglycerol assembly and oil-body formation had greater expression levels at middle developmental stage (38 DAP), which were consistent with the fast accumulation of EFA in V. galamensis developing seed, these genes were detected to play fundamental roles in EFA production. In addition, we isolated some transcription factors (such as WRI1, FUS3 and ABI4), which putatively regulated the production of V. galamensis seed oils. The transient expression of the selected genes resulted in a synergistic increase of EFA-enriched TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome data were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR for twelve key genes in EFA biosynthesis. Finally, a comprehensive network for high EFA accumulation in V. galamensis seed was established. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the natural epoxy oil production in V. galamensis. A set of genes identified here could be used as the targets to develop other oilseeds highly accumulating valued epoxy oils for commercial production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02120-2.
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Liu F, Wu R, Ma X, Su E. The Advancements and Prospects of Nervonic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12772-12783. [PMID: 36166330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) and has been identified with critical biological functions in medical and health care for brain development and injury repair. Yet, the approaches to producing NA from the sources of plants or animals continue to pose challenges to meet increasing market demand, as they are generally associated with high costs, a lack of natural resources, a long life cycle, and low production efficiency. The recent technological advance in metabolic engineering allows us to precisely engineer oleaginous microbes to develop high-content NA-producing strains, which has the potential to provide a possible solution to produce NA on a commercial fermentation scale. In this Review, the biosynthetic pathway, natural sources, and metabolic engineering of NA are summarized. The strategies of metabolic engineering that could be adopted to modify oleaginous yeast to produce NA are discussed in detail, providing the prospecting views for the microbial cells producing NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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8
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Enrichment of nervonic acid in Acer truncatum Bunge oil by combination of two-stage molecular distillation, one-stage urea complexation and five-stage solvent crystallization. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Luo S, Ma Q, Zhong Y, Jing J, Wei Z, Zhou W, Lu X, Tian Y, Zhang P. Editing of the starch branching enzyme gene SBE2 generates high-amylose storage roots in cassava. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 106:67-84. [PMID: 34792751 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The production of high-amylose cassava through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the starch branching enzyme gene SBE2 was firstly achieved. High-amylose cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is desirable for starch industrial applications and production of healthier processed food for human consumption. In this study, we report the production of high-amylose cassava through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the starch branching enzyme 2 (SBE2). Mutations in two targeted exons of SBE2 were identified in all regenerated plants; these mutations, which included nucleotide insertions, and short or long deletions in the SBE2 gene, were classified into eight mutant lines. Three mutants, M6, M7 and M8, with long fragment deletions in the second exon of SBE2 showed no accumulation of SBE2 protein. After harvest from the field, significantly higher amylose (up to 56% in apparent amylose content) and resistant starch (up to 35%) was observed in these mutants compared with the wild type, leading to darker blue coloration of starch granules after quick iodine staining and altered starch viscosity with a higher pasting temperature and peak time. Further 1H-NMR analysis revealed a significant reduction in the degree of starch branching, together with fewer short chains (degree of polymerization [DP] 15-25) and more long chains (DP>25 and especially DP>40) of amylopectin, which indicates that cassava SBE2 catalyzes short chain formation during amylopectin biosynthesis. Transition from A- to B-type crystallinity was also detected in the starches. Our study showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of starch biosynthetic genes in cassava is an effective approach for generating novel varieties with valuable starch properties for food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yingying Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jianling Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zusheng Wei
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xinlu Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yinong Tian
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Wang SH, Chen J, Yang W, Hua M, Ma YP. Fruiting character variability in wild individuals of Malania oleifera, a highly valued endemic species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23605. [PMID: 34880377 PMCID: PMC8655003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malania oleifera (Olacaceae), a tree species endemic to Southwest China, has seed oils enriched with nervonic acid and is therefore good source of this chemical. Because of this, there are promising industrial perspective in the artificial cultivation and use of this species. Understanding the variability in the fruit characters among individuals forms the basis or resource prospection. In the current investigation, fifty-three mature fruiting trees were sampled from two locations with divergent climates (Guangnan and Funing). Morphological characterization of fruits (fruit and stone weight, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter, stone transverse and longitudinal diameter) was conducted, and the concentration of seed oil and its fatty acid composition were also analyzed in all individuals. Differences in all the morphological characters studied were more significant among individual trees than between different geographic localities, even though these had different climates. Eleven fatty acids were identified contributing between 91.39 and 96.34% of the lipids, and the major components were nervonic acid (38.93–47.24%), octadecenoic acid (26.79–32.08%), docosenoic acid (10.94–17.24%). The seed oil content (proportion of oil in seed kernel) and the proportion of nervonic acid were both higher in Funing, which has a higher average climatic temperature than Guangnan. The concentrations of nervonic acid and octadecenoic acid with the low coefficients of variation in the seed oil of M. oleifera were relatively stable in contrast to the other fatty acids. There were significant positive correlations between fruit morphological characters, but the amount of seed oil and the concentrations of its components were not correlated with any morphological character. This study provides an understanding of morphological variation in wild M. oleifera individuals. Wild individuals with excellent fruit traits could be selected and would make promising candidates for commercial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hai Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China. .,Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration on Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration on Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration on Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mei Hua
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration on Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yong-Peng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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11
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Liang Q, Fang H, Liu J, Zhang B, Bao Y, Hou W, Yang KQ. Analysis of the nutritional components in the kernels of yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) accessions. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Chen DJ, Luo XG, Yan LH, Si CL, Wang N, He HP, Zhang TC. Transcriptome analysis of unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis shows essential genes in sprouting of Acer truncatum Bunge seeds. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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14
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Li Z, Ma S, Song H, Yang Z, Zhao C, Taylor D, Zhang M. A 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 (KCS11) homolog from Malania oleifera synthesizes nervonic acid in plants rich in 11Z-eicosenoic acid. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:331-342. [PMID: 33032322 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (24:1) is a major component in nerve and brain tissues and it has important applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Malania oleifera seeds contain about 40% nervonic acid. However, the mechanism of nervonic acid biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds of this endangered tree species remains unknown. In this study, developmental changes in fatty acid composition within embryos and their pericarps were investigated. Nervonic acid proportions steadily increased in developing embryos but 24:1 was not detected in pericarps at any stage. Two 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) homologs have been isolated from M. oleifera developing seeds by homologous cloning methods. Both KCSs are expressed in developing embryos but not detected in pericarps. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, these two KCSs were named as MoKCS4 and MoKCS11. Seed-specific expression of the MoKCS11 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to about 5% nervonic acid accumulation, while expression of the MoKCS4 did not show an obvious change in fatty acid composition. It is noteworthy that the transformation of the same MoKCS11 construct into two Brassica napus cultivars with high erucic acid did not produce the expected accumulation of nervonic acid, although expression of MoKCS11 was detected in the developing embryos of transgenic lines. In contrast, overexpression of MoKCS11 results in similar level of nervonic acid accumulation in camelina, a species which contains a similar level of 11Z-eicosenoic acid as does Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together, the MoKCS11 may have a substrate preference for 11Z-eicosenoic acid, but not for erucic acid, in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shijie Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huan Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - David Taylor
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Retired from NRC Canada and lives in Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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15
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Meng JS, Tang YH, Sun J, Zhao DQ, Zhang KL, Tao J. Identification of genes associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony 'Hangshao' (Paeonia lactiflora 'Hangshao') seeds based on transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:94. [PMID: 33522906 PMCID: PMC7849092 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China as a traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it can also be regarded as a new oilseed plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in it has remained unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Five main fatty acids were detected, including stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and their absolute contents first increased and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. There were 15,005 unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases, including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, Swiss-Prot and InterPro. Based on the KEGG database, 1766 unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolism. There were 4635, 12,304, and 18,291 DEGs in Group I (60 vs 30 DAF), Group II (90 vs 60 DAF) and Group III (90 vs 30 DAF), respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected in the intersection of the three groups. In 14 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism, 503 DEGs were found, belonging to 111 enzymes. We screened out 123 DEGs involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (39 DEGs), fatty acid elongation (33 DEGs), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (24 DEGs), TAG assembly (17 DEGs) and lipid storage (10 DEGs). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of 16 genes, including BBCP, BC, MCAT, KASIII, KASII, FATA, FATB, KCR, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAD7, GPAT, DGAT, OLE and CLO, most of which showed the highest expression at 45 DAF, except for DGAT, OLE and CLO, which showed the highest expression at 75 DAF. Conclusions We predicted that MCAT, KASIII, FATA, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, DGAT and OLE were the key genes in the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony seed. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seed gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation for herbaceous peony. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07339-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Song Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Han Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Qiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke-Liang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Thakur K, Zhang F, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei PC, Wei ZJ. Integration of miRNAs, Degradome, and Transcriptome Omics Uncovers a Complex Regulatory Network and Provides Insights Into Lipid and Fatty Acid Synthesis During Sesame Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709197. [PMID: 34394165 PMCID: PMC8358462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) has always been known as a health-promoting oilseed crop because of its nutrient-rich oil. In recent years, studies have focused on lipid and fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in various plants by high-throughput sequencing. Here, we integrated transcriptomics, small RNAs, and the degradome to establish a comprehensive reserve intensive on key regulatory micro RNA (miRNA)-targeting circuits to better understand the transcriptional and translational regulation of the oil biosynthesis mechanism in sesame seed development. Deep sequencing was performed to differentially express 220 miRNAs, including 65 novel miRNAs, in different developmental periods of seeds. GO and integrated KEGG analysis revealed 32 pairs of miRNA targets with negatively correlated expression profiles, of which 12 miRNA-target pairs were further confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, a regulatory co-expression network was constructed based on the differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles. The FAD2, LOC10515945, LOC105161564, and LOC105162196 genes were clustered into groups that regulate the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. The results provide a unique advanced molecular platform for the study of lipid and FA biosynthesis, and this study may serve as a new theoretical reference to obtain increased levels of UFA from higher-quality sesame seed cultivars and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Zhang
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Research Institute, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wei
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Peng-Cheng Wei,
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Zhao-Jun Wei,
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17
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Ashtiani FR, Jalili H, Rahaie M, Sedighi M, Amrane A. Effect of mixed culture of yeast and microalgae on acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase expression. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:364-372. [PMID: 33341347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, some studies have reported that co-culturing green algae and yeast improve lipid and biomass concentration. In this study, a co-culture of the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was consequently conducted with inoculation of microalga and yeast in growth and stationary phases, respectively. For the first time, the expression of two pivotal enzymes in fatty acids synthetic pathway, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, was evaluated. To evaluate the synergistic impacts of the mixed culture on the enzymes expression, several co-culture models were designed, including the use of different ratio of microalgae to yeast or the use of residual cell-free medium of yeast; a positive impact on enzymes overexpression was shown in the case of the co-culture of the two microorganisms, and when the remaining cell-free medium of yeast was added to the microalgal culture. The results of in vitro co-culture demonstrated increased 6- and 5-fold of nervonic acid (C24:1) and behenic acid (C22:0) concentrations, respectively, in 2:1 microalgae to yeast co-culture as compared to the monoculture batches. Addition of yeast residual cell-free medium in the 2:1 ratio to the microalgal culture enhanced 9 and 6 times nervonic acid (C24:1) and behenic acid (C22:0) amounts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh-Rezaee Ashtiani
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rahaie
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sedighi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Ma Q, Sun T, Li S, Wen J, Zhu L, Yin T, Yan K, Xu X, Li S, Mao J, Wang Y, Jin S, Zhao X, Li Q. The Acer truncatum genome provides insights into nervonic acid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:662-678. [PMID: 32772482 PMCID: PMC7702125 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). However, the lack of a complete genome sequence has limited both basic and applied research on A. truncatum. We describe a high-quality draft genome assembly comprising 633.28 Mb (contig N50 = 773.17 kb; scaffold N50 = 46.36 Mb) with at least 28 438 predicted genes. The genome underwent an ancient triplication, similar to the core eudicots, but there have been no recent whole-genome duplication events. Acer yangbiense and A. truncatum are estimated to have diverged about 9.4 million years ago. A combined genomic, transcriptomic, metabonomic, and cell ultrastructural analysis provided new insights into the biosynthesis of very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, three KCS genes were found that may contribute to regulating nervonic acid biosynthesis. The KCS paralogous gene family expanded to 28 members, with 10 genes clustered together and distributed in the 0.27-Mb region of pseudochromosome 4. Our chromosome-scale genomic characterization may facilitate the discovery of agronomically important genes and stimulate functional genetic research on A. truncatum. Furthermore, the data presented also offer important foundations from which to study the molecular mechanisms influencing the production of nervonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Tianlin Sun
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Shushun Li
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaCollege of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Kunyuan Yan
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Shuxian Li
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation CenterNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Ya‐nan Wang
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaCollege of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
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19
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Wu R, Zhong S, Ni M, Zhu X, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Chen J. Effects of Malania oleifera Chun Oil on the Improvement of Learning and Memory Function in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8617143. [PMID: 33014116 PMCID: PMC7519201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8617143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of Malania oleifera Chun & S. K. Lee have been highly sought after medically because its seeds have high oil content (>60%), especially the highest known proportion of nervonic acid (>55%). Objective of the Study. The objective was to explore the effects of different doses of Malania oleifera Chun oil (MOC oil) on the learning and memory of mice and to evaluate whether additional DHA algae oil and vitamin E could help MOC oil improve learning and memory and its possible mechanisms. METHODS After 30 days of oral administration of the relevant agents to mice, behavioral tests were conducted as well as detection of oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase) and biochemical indicators (acetylcholine, acetyl cholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase) in the hippocampus. RESULTS Experimental results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could markedly improve learning and memory of mouse models in behavioral experiments and increase the activity of GSH-PX in hippocampus and reduce the content of MDA, especially the dose of 46.27 mg/kg. The addition of DHA and VE could better assist MOC oil to improve the learning and memory, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and restrain the activity of AChE and also increase the content of ACh. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could improve learning and memory impairments. Therefore, we suggest that MOC oil is a potentially important resource for the development of nervonic acid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhong
- West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmei Ni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuxi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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A mini review of nervonic acid: Source, production, and biological functions. Food Chem 2019; 301:125286. [PMID: 31382110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) has attracted considerable attention because of its close relationship with brain development. Sources of NA include oil crop seeds, oil-producing microalgae, and other microorganisms. Transgenic technology has also been applied to improve the sources and production of NA. NA can be separated and purified by urea adduction fractionation, molecular distillation, and crystallization. Studies on NA functionality involved treatments for demyelinating diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as well as prediction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. This mini review focuses on the sources, production, and biological functions of NA and provides prospective trends in the investigation of NA.
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21
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Ding J, Ruan C, Du W, Guan Y. RNA-seq data reveals a coordinated regulation mechanism of multigenes involved in the high accumulation of palmitoleic acid and oil in sea buckthorn berry pulp. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:207. [PMID: 31109294 PMCID: PMC6528223 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea buckthorn is a woody oil crop in which palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7, an omega-7 fatty acid (FA)) contributes approximately 40% of the total FA content in berry pulp (non-seed tissue). However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the high accumulation of C16:1n7 in developing sea buckthorn berry pulp (SBP) remain poorly understood. RESULTS We identified 1737 unigenes associated with lipid metabolism through RNA-sequencing analysis of the four developmental stages of berry pulp in two sea buckthorn lines, 'Za56' and 'TF2-36'; 139 differentially expressed genes were detected between the different berry pulp developmental stages in the two lines. Analyses of the FA composition showed that the C16:1n7 contents were significantly higher in line 'Za56' than in line 'TF2-36' in the mid-late developmental stages of SBP. Additionally, qRT-PCR analyses of 15 genes involved in FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in both lines revealed that delta9-ACP-desaturase (ACP-Δ9D) competed with 3-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase II (KASII) for the substrate C16:0-ACP and that ACP-Δ9D and delta9-CoA-desaturase (CoA-Δ9D) gene expression positively correlated with C16:1n7 content; KASII and fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) gene expression positively correlated with C18:0 content in developing SBP. Specifically, the abundance of ACP-Δ9D and CoA-Δ9D transcripts in line 'Za56', which had a higher C16:1n7 content than line 'TF2-36', suggests that these two genes play an important role in C16:1n7 biosynthesis. Furthermore, the high expressions of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) gene and the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor contributed to increased biosynthesis of TAG precursor and FAs, respectively, in the early developmental stages of SBP, and the high expression of the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene increased TAG assembly in the later developmental stages of SBP. Overall, we concluded that increased ACP-Δ9D and CoA-Δ9D levels coupled with decreased KASII and FAE1 activity is a critical event for high C16:1n7 accumulation and that the coordinated high expression of WRI1, GPD1, and DGAT1 genes resulted in high oil accumulation in SBP. CONCLUSION Our results provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of high C16:1n7 accumulation in berry pulp (non-seed tissue) and are valuable to the genetic breeding programme for achieving a high quality and yield of SBP oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Ying Guan
- Institute of Berries, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 5 Fansheng Street, Suiling, Heilongjiang, 152230 China
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