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Liu X, Xu Z, Feng B, Zhou Q, Guo S, Liao S, Ou Y, Fan X, Wang T. Dissection of a novel major stable QTL on chromosome 7D for grain hardness and its breeding value estimation in bread wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356687. [PMID: 38362452 PMCID: PMC10867189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Grain hardness (Gh) is important for wheat processing and end-product quality. Puroindolines polymorphism explains over 60% of Gh variation and the novel genetic factors remain to be exploited. In this study, a total of 153 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), clustered into 12 genomic intervals (C1-C12), for 13 quality-related traits were identified using a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross of Zhongkemai138 (ZKM138) and Chuanmai44 (CM44). Among them, C7 (harboring eight QTLs for different quality-related traits) and C8 (mainly harboring QGh.cib-5D.1 for Gh) were attributed to the famous genes, Rht-D1 and Pina, respectively, indicating that the correlation of involved traits was supported by the pleotropic or linked genes. Notably, a novel major stable QTL for Gh was detected in the C12, QGh.cib-7D, with ZKM138-derived allele increasing grain hardness, which was simultaneously mapped by the BSE-Seq method. The geographic pattern and transmissibility of this locus revealed that the increasing-Gh allele is highly frequently present in 85.79% of 373 worldwide wheat varieties and presented 99.31% transmissibility in 144 ZKM138-derivatives, indicating the non-negative effect on yield performance and that its indirect passive selection has happened during the actual breeding process. Thus, the contribution of this new Gh-related locus was highlighted in consideration of improving the efficiency and accuracy of the soft/hard material selection in the molecular marker-assisted process. Further, TraesCS7D02G099400, TraesCS7D02G098000, and TraesCS7D02G099500 were initially deduced to be the most potential candidate genes of QGh.cib-7D. Collectively, this study provided valuable information of elucidating the genetic architecture of Gh for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Insitute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaodan Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Ou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ni D, Yang F, Lin L, Sun C, Ye X, Wang L, Kong X. Interrelating Grain Hardness Index of Wheat with Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Starch Extracted Therefrom. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081087. [PMID: 35454674 PMCID: PMC9025240 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the physicochemical, structural, and rheological characteristics of starch from wheat cultivars varying in grain hardness index employed in making jiuqu and to interrelate grain hardness index with physicochemical and structural properties of starch. Starch extracted therefrom was investigated for structural and physicochemical properties. Starch granules showed relatively wide granule size distribution; large size granules showed lenticular shapes while medium and small size granules exhibited spherical or irregular shapes. Starch from wheat with a lower grain hardness index exhibited a relatively higher degree of crystallinity. Chain-length profiles of amylopectin showed distinct differences; among the fractions of fa, fb1, fb2, and fb3 representing the weight-based chain-length proportions in amylopectin, the fa fractions ranged from 19.7% to 21.6%, the fb1 fractions ranged from 44.4% to 45.6%, the fb2 fractions ranged from 16.2% to 17.0%, and the fb3 fractions ranged from 16.1% to 18.8%, respectively. To, Tp, Tc, and ∆H of starch ranged from 57.8 to 59.7 °C, 61.9 to 64.2 °C, 67.4 to 69.8 °C, and 11.9 to 12.7 J/g, respectively. Peak viscosity, hot pasting viscosity, cool pasting viscosity, breakdown, and setback of starch ranged from 127 to 221 RVU, 77 to 106 RVU, 217 to 324 RVU, 44 to 116 RVU, and 137 to 218 RVU, respectively. Both G’ and G” increased in the frequency range of 0.628 to 125.6 rad/s; the wheat starch gels were more solid-like during the whole range of frequency sweep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derang Ni
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.N.); (X.Y.)
- Kweichow Moutai Corporation Limited, Renhuai 564501, China; (F.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Corporation Limited, Renhuai 564501, China; (F.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Lin
- Kweichow Moutai Corporation Limited, Renhuai 564501, China; (F.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Chongde Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.N.); (X.Y.)
| | - Li Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai 564501, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (X.K.)
| | - Xiangli Kong
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (X.K.)
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Fan X, Qin P, Hao Y, Guo H, Blecker C, Everaert N, Ren G. Overexpression of Soybean-Derived Lunasin in Wheat and Assessment of Its Anti-Proliferative Activity in Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249594. [PMID: 33339363 PMCID: PMC7767187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin is a soybean-derived peptide that exhibits anticancer bioactivity in different cancer cells and has been identified in different plants. However, recent studies revealed through molecular and chemical analyses that lunasin was absent in wheat and other cereals. In this study, the soybean-derived lunasin was cloned into pCAMBIA3300 and we transferred the expression vector into wheat via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The identification of transgenic wheat was detected by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that lunasin content in transgenic wheat L32-3, L32-6, and L33-1 was 308.63, 436.78, and 349.07 µg/g, respectively, while lunasin was not detected in wild-type wheat. Lunasin enrichment from transgenic wheat displayed an increased anti-proliferative activity compared with peptide enrichment from wild-type wheat in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the results of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a significant elevation in p21, Bax, and caspase-3 expression, while Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated. In conclusion, soybean-derived lunasin was successfully expressed in wheat via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and may exert anti-proliferative activity by regulating the apoptosis pathway in HT-29 cells, which provides an effective approach to compensate for the absence of lunasin in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6211-5596; Fax: +86-10-6215-6596
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Tu M, Li Y. Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1631. [PMID: 33255282 PMCID: PMC7760206 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness is one of the most important single traits of wheat seed. It classifies wheat cultivars, determines milling quality and affects many end-use qualities. Starch granule surfaces, polar lipids, storage protein matrices and Puroindolines potentially form a four-way interaction that controls wheat kernel hardness. As a genetic factor, Puroindoline polymorphism explains over 60% of the variation in kernel hardness. However, genetic factors other than Puroindolines remain to be exploited. Over the past two decades, efforts using population genetics have been increasing, and numerous kernel hardness-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified on almost every chromosome in wheat. Here, we summarize the state of the art for mapping kernel hardness. We emphasize that these steps in progress have benefitted from (1) the standardized methods for measuring kernel hardness, (2) the use of the appropriate germplasm and mapping population, and (3) the improvements in genotyping methods. Recently, abundant genomic resources have become available in wheat and related Triticeae species, including the high-quality reference genomes and advanced genotyping technologies. Finally, we provide perspectives on future research directions that will enhance our understanding of kernel hardness through the identification of multiple QTLs and will address challenges involved in fine-tuning kernel hardness and, consequently, food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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Li X, Li Y, Yu X, Sun F, Yang G, He G. Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1304. [PMID: 32075191 PMCID: PMC7072932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernel hardness is a key trait of wheat seeds, largely controlled by two tightly linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb). Genes homologous to Pinb, namely Pinb2, have been studied. Whether these genes contribute to kernel hardness and other important seed traits remains inconclusive. Using the high-quality bread wheat reference genome, we show that PINB2 are encoded by three homoeologous loci Pinb2 not syntenic to the Hardness locus, with Pinb2-7A locus containing three tandem copies. PINB2 proteins have several features conserved for the Pin/Pinb2 phylogenetic cluster but lack a structural basis of significant impact on kernel hardness. Pinb2 are seed-specifically expressed with varied expression levels between the homoeologous copies and among wheat varieties. Using the high-quality genome information, we developed new Pinb2 allele specific markers and demonstrated their usefulness by 1) identifying new Pinb2 alleles in Triticeae species; and 2) performing an association analysis of Pinb2 with kernel hardness. The association result suggests that Pinb2 genes may have no substantial contribution to kernel hardness. Our results provide new insights into Pinb2 evolution and expression and the new allele-specific markers are useful to further explore Pinb2's contribution to seed traits in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Xiaofen Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Fusheng Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.Y.); (F.S.)
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Ma X, Xue H, Sun J, Sajjad M, Wang J, Yang W, Li X, Zhang A, Liu D. Transformation of Pinb-D1x to soft wheat produces hard wheat kernel texture. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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