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Zurak D, Svečnjak Z, Gunjević V, Kiš G, Janječić Z, Pirgozliev V, Grbeša D, Kljak K. Carotenoid content and deposition efficiency in yolks of laying hens fed with dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness and processing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103750. [PMID: 38652952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yolk carotenoid profile reflects the hen diet when corn grain is the only source of carotenoids, but corn origin and processing may affect carotenoid utilization. In the present study, 2 commercial dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness (soft- and hard-type) were dried at low (40°C) and high (85°C) temperature and ground through a 5- and 9-mm sieve to investigate their effects on carotenoid bioavailability in laying hens. With 3 hens per cage, 168 Lohmann Brown laying hens were allocated to 8 dietary treatments (2 hybrids × 2 drying temperatures × 2 grinding sieves) in a completely randomized design (8 treatments × 7 cages). The trial lasted 8 wk, during which eggs were collected for analysis every 3 d until carotenoid content stabilized, and then once a week until the end of the experiment. The carotenoid profile of the experimental diets and yolks was analyzed using an HPLC method and deposition efficiency was calculated based on carotenoid contents, yolk weight, egg production and diet intake. The deposition efficiency for lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene averaged 27.37, 18.67, 6.29, 3,32, and 0.94%, respectively. As expected, the tested hybrids highly affected the carotenoid content in egg yolk due to their differences in carotenoid profile. Interestingly, hard- and soft-type hybrids differed in the deposition efficiency for all individual carotenoids but not for the total carotenoids. High grain drying temperature tended to increase the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin in both hybrids. For the hard-type hybrid, the content of β-carotene in egg yolk was higher when grains were dried at a high temperature, while the opposite response was found in the soft-type hybrid. The effect of grinding sieve size was important for the zeaxanthin bioavailability in the soft-type hybrid only. In conclusion, our findings showed that corn hybrid had a primary influence on the carotenoid content in the yolks of laying hens, but grain processing may change the bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Kiš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Rana A, Rana V, Bakshi S, Kumar Sood V, Priyanka, Anuradha. Deciphering induced variability, character association and multivariate analysis utilizing gamma rays and ethyl methanesulfonate in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with differential grain texture. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:627-649. [PMID: 38319050 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2304823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sustainable wheat production and higher genetic gains can be realized by broadening the genetic base and improving the well adapted varieties. In the present study, a multi-year experiment involving induced mutagenesis was conducted to create genetic variation, assess trait associations and genetic divergence in four wheat varieties with differential grain texture treated with six doses of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate using ten agro-morphological traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy selfed seeds of four bread wheat varieties with differential texture were irradiated using six doses ranging from 175 Gy-300 Gy of gamma rays (Co60: BARC, Mumbai) and six concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (0.3-1.3%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Bangalore, India) to evaluate variability, character association and degree of genetic diversity induced among the mutagenic treatments of wheat varieties with differential grain texture. RESULTS Significant inter-population differences were observed for almost all the traits. The sample mean of twelve mutant populations in each of the cultivar exhibited superior quantitative phenotypic traits and increased values of the genetic parameters. Based on association and variability studies, plant height, spike length, grain filling period, biological yield per plant and harvest index can be used as early generation criteria for maximum genetic improvement. Multivariate studies indicated the contribution of various traits towards divergence and indicated the efficiency of mutagens in generating variability. Gamma-irradiation dosages between 200-250 Gy and 0.5-1.1% EMS for soft-textured varieties, whereas doses between 225-275 Gy and 0.5-0.9% EMS were found to be most potent for semi-hard-textured varieties. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of mutagen sensitivity showed that semi-hard wheat varieties were responsive to both mutagens, particularly EMS and generated higher variability and divergence than the soft textured varieties. Hence, gamma rays were proved to be more effective in generating higher variability than ethyl methanesulfonate. A total of 117 putative mutants were identified with desirable agro-morphological attributes. Among these, mutants with higher inter-cluster distance can be used as parents in hybridization programs and serve as important genetic resources in future wheat improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Vijay Rana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
- Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Suman Bakshi
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Sood
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Anuradha
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
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Liu X, Xu Z, Feng B, Zhou Q, Guo S, Liao S, Ou Y, Fan X, Wang T. Dissection of a novel major stable QTL on chromosome 7D for grain hardness and its breeding value estimation in bread wheat. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1356687. [PMID: 38362452 PMCID: PMC10867189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Grain hardness (Gh) is important for wheat processing and end-product quality. Puroindolines polymorphism explains over 60% of Gh variation and the novel genetic factors remain to be exploited. In this study, a total of 153 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), clustered into 12 genomic intervals (C1-C12), for 13 quality-related traits were identified using a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross of Zhongkemai138 (ZKM138) and Chuanmai44 (CM44). Among them, C7 (harboring eight QTLs for different quality-related traits) and C8 (mainly harboring QGh.cib-5D.1 for Gh) were attributed to the famous genes, Rht-D1 and Pina, respectively, indicating that the correlation of involved traits was supported by the pleotropic or linked genes. Notably, a novel major stable QTL for Gh was detected in the C12, QGh.cib-7D, with ZKM138-derived allele increasing grain hardness, which was simultaneously mapped by the BSE-Seq method. The geographic pattern and transmissibility of this locus revealed that the increasing-Gh allele is highly frequently present in 85.79% of 373 worldwide wheat varieties and presented 99.31% transmissibility in 144 ZKM138-derivatives, indicating the non-negative effect on yield performance and that its indirect passive selection has happened during the actual breeding process. Thus, the contribution of this new Gh-related locus was highlighted in consideration of improving the efficiency and accuracy of the soft/hard material selection in the molecular marker-assisted process. Further, TraesCS7D02G099400, TraesCS7D02G098000, and TraesCS7D02G099500 were initially deduced to be the most potential candidate genes of QGh.cib-7D. Collectively, this study provided valuable information of elucidating the genetic architecture of Gh for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Insitute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaodan Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Ou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu P, Liu Z, Ma X, Wan H, Zheng J, Luo J, Deng Q, Mao Q, Li X, Pu Z. Characterization and Differentiation of Grain Proteomes from Wild-Type Puroindoline and Variants in Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1979. [PMID: 37653896 PMCID: PMC10224366 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Premium wheat with a high end-use quality is generally lacking in China, especially high-quality hard and soft wheat. Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 (puroindoline genes) influence wheat grain hardness (i.e., important wheat quality-related parameter) and are among the main targets in wheat breeding programs. However, the mechanism by which puroindoline genes control grain hardness remains unclear. In this study, three hard wheat puroindoline variants (MY26, GX3, and ZM1) were compared with a soft wheat variety (CM605) containing the wild-type puroindoline genotype. Specifically, proteomic methods were used to screen for differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). In total, 6253 proteins were identified and quantified via a high-throughput tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic analysis. Of the 208 DAPs, 115, 116, and 99 proteins were differentially expressed between MY26, GX3, and ZM1 (hard wheat varieties) and CM605, respectively. The cluster analysis of protein relative abundances divided the proteins into six clusters. Of these proteins, 67 and 41 proteins were, respectively, more and less abundant in CM605 than in MY26, GX3, and ZM1. Enrichment analyses detected six GO terms, five KEGG pathways, and five IPR terms that were shared by all three comparisons. Furthermore, 12 proteins associated with these terms or pathways were found to be differentially expressed in each comparison. These proteins, which included cysteine proteinase inhibitors, invertases, low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, and alpha amylase inhibitors, may be involved in the regulation of grain hardness. The candidate genes identified in this study may be relevant for future analyses of the regulatory mechanism underlying grain hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zehou Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Hongshen Wan
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Jianmin Zheng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Qingyan Deng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Qiang Mao
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zongjun Pu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, China; (P.L.)
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Lafiandra D, Sestili F, Sissons M, Kiszonas A, Morris CF. Increasing the Versatility of Durum Wheat through Modifications of Protein and Starch Composition and Grain Hardness. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111532. [PMID: 35681282 PMCID: PMC9180912 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ssp. durum Desf.) has traditionally been used to make a range of food products, its use has been restricted due to the absence of the D-genome glutenin proteins, the relatively low variability in starch composition, and its very hard grain texture. This review focuses on the manipulation of the starch and protein composition and modification of the hardness of durum wheat in order to improve its technological and nutritional value and expand its utilization for application to a wider number of end products. Starch is composed of amylopectin and amylose in a 3:1 ratio, and their manipulation has been explored for achieving starch with modified composition. In particular, silencing of the genes involved in amylose and amylopectin synthesis has made it possible to isolate durum wheat lines with amylose content varying from 2–3% up to 75%. This has created opportunities for new products with different properties and enhanced nutritional value. Durum-made bread has generally inferior quality to bread made from common wheat. Attempts to introduce the Glu-D1 subunits 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 and 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 produced stronger dough, but the former produced excessively strong, inelastic doughs, and loaf volume was either inferior or not affected. In contrast, the 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 sometimes improved bread loaf volume (LV) depending on the glutenin subunit background of the genotype receiving these genes. Further breeding and selection are needed to improve the dough extensibility to allow higher LV and better texture. The versatility of durum wheat has been greatly expanded with the creation of soft-textured durum via non-GMO introgression means. This soft durum mills like soft hexaploid wheat and has similar baking properties. The pasta quality is also not diminished by the soft-textured kernels. The Glu-D1 locus containing the subunits 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 has also been introgressed to create higher quality soft durum bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Mike Sissons
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth 2340, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alecia Kiszonas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Western Wheat Quality Lab, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.K.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Craig F. Morris
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Western Wheat Quality Lab, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (A.K.); (C.F.M.)
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Aruna C, Das IK, Reddy PS, Ghorade RB, Gulhane AR, Kalpande VV, Kajjidoni ST, Hanamaratti NG, Chattannavar SN, Mehtre S, Gholve V, Kamble KR, Deepika C, Kannababu N, Bahadure DM, Govindaraj M, Tonapi VA. Development of Sorghum Genotypes for Improved Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold Using Population Breeding Approach. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:687332. [PMID: 34394141 PMCID: PMC8355698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The infection caused by grain mold in rainy season grown sorghum deteriorates the physical and chemical quality of the grain, which causes a reduction in grain size, blackening, and making them unfit for human consumption. Therefore, the breeding for grain mold resistance has become a necessity. Pedigree breeding has been widely used across the globe to tackle the problem of grain mold. In the present study, a population breeding approach was employed to develop genotypes resistant to grain mold. The complex genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) make the task of identifying stable grain mold-resistant lines with good grain yield (GY) challenging. In this study, the performance of the 33 population breeding derivatives selected from the four-location evaluation of 150 genotypes in 2017 was in turn evaluated over four locations during the rainy season of 2018. The Genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to analyze a significant GEI observed for GY, grain mold resistance, and all other associated traits. For GY, the location explained a higher proportion of variation (51.7%) while genotype (G) × location (L) contributed to 21.9% and the genotype contributed to 11.2% of the total variation. For grain mold resistance, G × L contributed to a higher proportion of variation (30.7%). A graphical biplot approach helped in identifying promising genotypes for GY and grain mold resistance. Among the test locations, Dharwad was an ideal location for both GY and grain mold resistance. The test locations were partitioned into three clusters for GY and two clusters for grain mold resistance through a "which-won-where" study. Best genotypes in each of these clusters were selected. The breeding for a specific cluster is suggested. Genotype-by-trait biplots indicated that GY is influenced by flowering time, 100-grain weight (HGW), and plant height (PH), whereas grain mold resistance is influenced by glume coverage and PH. Because GY and grain mold score were independent of each other, there is a scope to improve both yield and resistance together.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Aruna
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - I. K. Das
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - R. B. Ghorade
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India
| | - A. R. Gulhane
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Shivaji Mehtre
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - Vikram Gholve
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - K. R. Kamble
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - C. Deepika
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Kannababu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - D. M. Bahadure
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - V. A. Tonapi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
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Wang Q, Li Y, Sun F, Li X, Wang P, Yang G, He G. Expression of Puroindoline a in Durum Wheat Affects Milling and Pasting Properties. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:482. [PMID: 31057584 PMCID: PMC6482235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat has limited culinary utilizations partly due to its extremely hard kernel texture. Previously, we developed transgenic durum wheat lines with expression of the wildtype Puroindoline a (Pina) and characterized PINA's effects on kernel hardness, total flour yield and dough mixing properties in durum wheat. The medium-hard kernel texture is potentially useful for exploring culinary applications of durum wheat. In the present study, we examined the milling parameters and flour attributes of the transgenic lines, including particle size distribution, damaged starch and water binding capacity. PINA expression results in increased break and reduction flour yield but decreased shorts. PINA expression also leads to finer flour particles and decreased starch damage. Interestingly, PINA transgenic lines showed increased peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity but leave other flour pasting parameters generally unaltered. PINA transgenic lines were associated with increased small monomeric proteins, appearing to affect gluten aggregation. Our data together with several previous results highlight distinct effects of PINs on pasting properties depending on species and variety. The medium-hard kernel texture together with improved pasting parameters may be valuable for producing a broader range of end-products from durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Fusheng Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
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Shabrangy A, Roustan V, Reipert S, Weidinger M, Roustan PJ, Stoger E, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Using RT-qPCR, Proteomics, and Microscopy to Unravel the Spatio-Temporal Expression and Subcellular Localization of Hordoindolines Across Development in Barley Endosperm. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:775. [PMID: 29951075 PMCID: PMC6008550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare (barley) hordoindolines (HINs), HINa, HINb1, and HINb2, are orthologous proteins of wheat puroindolines (PINs) that are small, basic, cysteine-rich seed-specific proteins and responsible for grain hardness. Grain hardness is, next to its protein content, a major quality trait. In barley, HINb is most highly expressed in the mid-stage developed endosperm and is associated with both major endosperm texture and grain hardness. However, data required to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of HIN transcripts and HIN protein regulation during grain filling processes are missing. Using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and proteomics, we analyzed HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance from whole seeds (WSs) at four [6 days after pollination (dap), 10, 12, and ≥20 dap] as well as from aleurone, subaleurone, and starchy endosperm at two (12 and ≥20 dap) developmental stages. At the WS level, results from RT-qPCR, proteomics, and western blot showed a continuous increase of HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance across these four developmental stages. Miroscopic studies revealed HIN localization mainly at the vacuolar membrane in the aleurone, at protein bodies (PBs) in subaleurone and at the periphery of starch granules in the starchy endosperm. Laser microdissetion (LMD) proteomic analyses identified HINb2 as the most prominent HIN protein in starchy endosperm at ≥20 dap. Additionally, our quantification data revealed a poor correlation between transcript and protein levels of HINs in subaleurone during development. Here, we correlated data achieved by RT-qPCR, proteomics, and microscopy that reveal different expression and localization pattern of HINs in each layer during barley endosperm development. This indicates a contribution of each tissue to the regulation of HINs during grain filling. The effect of the high protein abundance of HINs in the starchy endosperm and their localization at the periphery of starch granules at late development stages at the cereal-based end-product quality is discussed. Understanding the spatio-temporal regulated HINs is essential to improve barley quality traits for high end-product quality, as hard texture of the barley grain is regulated by the ratio between HINb/HINa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Shabrangy
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marieluise Weidinger
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chia T, Adamski NM, Saccomanno B, Greenland A, Nash A, Uauy C, Trafford K. Transfer of a starch phenotype from wild wheat to bread wheat by deletion of a locus controlling B-type starch granule content. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:5497-5509. [PMID: 29099990 PMCID: PMC5853964 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous genetic analysis of a tetraploid wild wheat species, Aegilops peregrina, predicted that a single gene per haploid genome, Bgc-1, controls B-type starch granule content in the grain. To test whether bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has orthologous Bgc-1 loci, we screened a population of γ-irradiated bread wheat cv. Paragon for deletions of the group 4 chromosomes spanning Bgc-1. Suitable deletions, each encompassing ~600-700 genes, were discovered for chromosomes 4A and 4D. These two deletions are predicted to have 240 homoeologous genes in common. In contrast to single deletion mutant plants, double deletion mutants were found to lack B-type starch granules. The B-less grains had normal A-type starch granule morphology, normal overall starch content, and normal grain weight. In addition to variation in starch granule size distribution, the B-less wheat grains differed from controls in grain hardness, starch swelling power, and amylose content. We believe that these B-less wheat plants are the only Triticeae cereals available that combine substantial alterations in starch granule size distribution with minimal impact on starch content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansy Chia
- National Institute of Agricultural Biology, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Andy Greenland
- National Institute of Agricultural Biology, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kay Trafford
- National Institute of Agricultural Biology, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence:
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Gasparis S, Kała M, Przyborowski M, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Artificial MicroRNA-Based Specific Gene Silencing of Grain Hardness Genes in Polyploid Cereals Appeared to Be Not Stable Over Transgenic Plant Generations. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2017. [PMID: 28119710 PMCID: PMC5220083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing by RNA interference is a particularly important tool in the study of gene function in polyploid cereal species for which the collections of natural or induced mutants are very limited. Previously we have been testing small interfering RNA-based approach of gene silencing in wheat and triticale. In this research, artificial microRNAs (amiRs) were studied in the same species and the same target genes to compare effectiveness of both gene silencing pathways. amiR cassettes were designed to silence Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) hardness genes in wheat and their orthologues Secaloindoline a (Sina) and Secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes in triticale. Each of the two cassettes contained 21 nt microRNA (miR) precursor derived from conserved regions of Pina/Sina or Pinb/Sinb genes, respectively. Transgenic plants were obtained with high efficiency in two cultivars of wheat and one cultivar of triticale after using the Pinb-derived amiR vector for silencing of Pinb or Sinb, respectively. Lack of transgenic plants in wheat or very low transformation efficiency in triticale was observed using the Pina-derived amiR cassette, despite large numbers of embryos attempted. Silencing of Pinb in wheat and Sinb in triticale was highly efficient in the T1 generation. The transcript level of Pinb in wheat was reduced up to 92% and Sinb in triticale was reduced up to 98%. Moreover, intended silencing of Pinb/Sinb with Pinb-derived amiR cassette was highly correlated with simultaneous silencing of Pina/Sina in the same transgenic plants. High downregulation of Pinb/Pina genes in T1 plants of wheat and Sinb/Sina genes in T1 plants of triticale was associated with strong expression of Pinb-derived amiR. Silencing of the target genes correlated with increased grain hardness in both species. Total protein content in the grains of transgenic wheat was significantly lower. Although, the Pinb-derived amiR cassette was stably inherited in the T2 generation of wheat and triticale the silencing effect including strongly decreased expression of silenced genes as well as strong expression of Pinb-derived amiR was not transmitted. Advantages and disadvantages of posttranscriptional silencing of target genes by means of amiR and siRNA-based approaches in polyploid cereals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Maciej Kała
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Przyborowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
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Presinszká M, Štiasna K, Vyhnánek T, Trojan V, Mrkvicová E, Hřivna L, Havel L. Identification of Alleles of Puroindoline Genes and Their Effect on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Texture. Food Technol Biotechnol 2016; 54:103-107. [PMID: 27904399 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.54.01.16.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is a significant property of wheat grains and relates to milling quality and end product quality. Grain hardness is caused by the presence of puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb). A collection of 25 genotypes of wheat with unusual grain colour (blue aleurone, purple and white pericarp, yellow endosperm) was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diversity within Pina and Pinb (alleles: Pina-D1a, Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a, Pinb- -D1b, Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1d). The endosperm structure was determined by a non-destructive method using light transflectance meter and grain hardness by a texture analyser. Genotype Novosibirskaya 67 and isogenic ANK lines revealed hitherto unknown alleles at the locus for the annealing of primers of Pinb-D1. Allele Pinb-D1c was found to be absent from each genotype. The mealy endosperm ranged from 0 to 100% and grain hardness from 15.10 to 26.87 N per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Presinszká
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1,
CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Štiasna
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1,
CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vyhnánek
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1,
CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Trojan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1,
CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mrkvicová
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Hřivna
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Havel
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1,
CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Cuesta S, Guzmán C, Alvarez JB. Allelic diversity and molecular characterization of puroindoline genes in five diploid species of the Aegilops genus. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:5133-5143. [PMID: 24058161 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness is an important quality trait in wheat. This trait is related to the variation in, and the presence of, puroindolines (PINA and PINB). This variation can be increased by the allelic polymorphism present in the Aegilops species that are related to wheat. This study evaluated allelic Pina and Pinb gene variability in five diploid species of the Aegilops genus, along with the molecular characterization of the main allelic variants found in each species. This polymorphism resulted in 16 alleles for the Pina gene and 24 alleles for the Pinb gene, of which 10 and 17, respectively, were novel. Diverse mutations were detected in the deduced mature proteins of these alleles, which could influence the hardness characteristics of these proteins. This study shows that the diploid species of the Aegilops genus could be a good source of genetic variability for both Pina and Pinb genes, which could be used in breeding programmes to extend the range of different textures in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cuesta
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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