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Liu Y, Li W, Qiao Y, Yu F, Wang B, Xue J, Wang M, Jiang Q, Zhou Z. Study on the Changes in Immobilized Petroleum-Degrading Bacteria Beads in a Continuous Bioreactor Related to Physicochemical Performance, Degradation Ability, and Microbial Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11348. [PMID: 36141622 PMCID: PMC9517540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous bioreactors for petroleum degradation and the effect factors of these bioreactors have rarely been mentioned in studies. In addition, indigenous bacteria living in seawater could influence the performance of continuous bioreactors with respect to petroleum degradation in practice. In this paper, a bioreactor fitted with immobilized petroleum-degrading bacteria beads was designed for further research. The results indicated that the diesel degradation rate of the bioreactor could remain above 50% over 27 days, while degradation performance decreased with bioremediation time. Intriguingly, the diameters of immobilized petroleum-degrading bacteria beads were reduced by 32.49% after 45 days remediation compared with the initial size of the immobilized petroleum-degrading bacteria beads. Change in immobilized petroleum-degrading bacteria beads was considered to correlate remarkably with reduced degradation efficiency. Therefore, this paper will be helpful for further study and improvement of bioreactors in the practical context of oil-spill accident recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Weisi Li
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yanlu Qiao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fangying Yu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jianliang Xue
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Mianmian Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Ottah VE, Ezugwu AL, Ezike TC, Chilaka FC. Comparative analysis of alkaline-extracted hemicelluloses from Beech, African rose and Agba woods using FTIR and HPLC. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09714. [PMID: 35734571 PMCID: PMC9207664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast application of hemicellulose in industry is greatly influenced by its chemical components. The current study focuses on identifying the chemical components of a high yield alkaline-extracted hemicellulose and characterization to serve as a guide for more specific and effective biotechnological uses. In this study we isolated hemicellulose from sawdust of three different wood species (Beech, African rose and Agba woods) and characterized them using FTIR and HPLC techniques. Hydroxyl spectra vibrations were observed at 3919-3671 cm−1 and 3454-3211 cm−1 which indicates the presence of non-hydrogen bonded OH stretch and normal polymeric OH stretch in all three samples. The samples contained residual lignin indicated by IR absorption bands at 1592 and 1525 cm−1. The presence of C=O stretching vibrations of acetyl groups at 1734 cm−1 indicated that African rosewood was generally an acetylated molecule. Each heteropolysaccharide also contained reducing monosaccharides at their ends suggested by the C–H stretching vibrations. Infrared absorptions characteristic of asymmetric β-1,6-glycosidic stretching was present in Beechwood and Agbawood, respectively, and African rosewood gave three absorption bands β-1,3-glycosidic stretch, β-1,4-glycosidic stretch and an asymmetric β 1,6-glycosidic stretch, respectively. Agbawood gave a major absorption band at 923.75 cm−1 corresponding to the absorption band at β-1,4-glycosidic stretching. African rosewood contained 96 % mannose and 4 % of an unidentified sugar. Beechwood contained primarily glucose, but Agbawood contained 20, 14, 8 and 57 % glucose, mannose, galactose, and an unidentified sugar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria
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Biomolecular Composition of Sea Ice Microalgae and Its Influence on Marine Biogeochemical Cycling and Carbon Transfer through Polar Marine Food Webs. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae growing on the underside of sea ice are key primary producers in polar marine environments. Their nutritional status, determined by their macromolecular composition, contributes to the region’s biochemistry and the unique temporal and spatial characteristics of their growth makes them essential for sustaining polar marine food webs. Here, we review the plasticity and taxonomic diversity of sea ice microalgae macromolecular composition, with a focus on how different environmental conditions influence macromolecular production and partitioning within cells and communities. The advantages and disadvantages of methodologies for assessing macromolecular composition are presented, including techniques that provide high throughput, whole macromolecular profile and/or species-specific resolution, which are particularly recommended for future studies. The directions of environmentally driven macromolecular changes are discussed, alongside anticipated consequences on nutrients supplied to the polar marine ecosystem. Given that polar regions are facing accelerated rates of environmental change, it is argued that a climate change signature will become evident in the biochemical composition of sea ice microalgal communities, highlighting the need for further research to understand the synergistic effects of multiple environmental stressors. The importance of sea ice microalgae as primary producers in polar marine ecosystems means that ongoing research into climate-change driven macromolecular phenotyping is critical to understanding the implications for the regions biochemical cycling and carbon transfer.
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Armin G, Inomura K. Modeled temperature dependencies of macromolecular allocation and elemental stoichiometry in phytoplankton. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5421-5427. [PMID: 34712391 PMCID: PMC8515405 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming oceans may affect how phytoplankton allocate nutrients to essential cellular processes. Despite the potential impact of such processes on future biogeochemical cycles, questions remain about how temperature affects macromolecular allocation and elemental stoichiometry within phytoplankton cells. Here, we present a macromolecular model of phytoplankton and the effect of increasing temperature on the intracellular allocation of nutrients at a constant growth rate. When temperature increases under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) co-limitation, the model shows less investment in phosphorus-rich RNA molecules relative to nitrogen-rich proteins, leading to a more severe decrease in cellular P:C than N:C causing increased cellular N:P values. Under P limitation, the model shows a similar pattern, but when excess P is available under N limitation, we predict lowered N:P due to the effect of luxury uptake of P. We reflected our model result on the surface ocean showing similar latitudinal patterns in N:P and P:C to observation and other model predictions, suggesting a considerable impact of temperature on constraining the elemental stoichiometry in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Armin
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
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Goff KL, Ellis TH, Wilson KE. Synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy as a tool for studying populations and individual living cells of green algae. Analyst 2021; 145:7993-8001. [PMID: 33410428 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy was used to study individual living cells of three closely-related species of the green algal genus Chlamydomonas. Three types of spectral variation were observed between individual cells within a single culture, as well as between different cultures: variation around a mean, individual outliers, and the presence of subpopulations. By understanding and controlling this variation, we were able to spectroscopically differentiate between the three closely-related species. Spectral differences were confirmed using principal component analysis, leading to an understanding of the biochemical differences between species. This work highlights the additional information obtained by studying individual cells, and has implications for more traditional bulk measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Goff
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Tabtimmai L, Srisook P, Kuaprasert B, Thumanu K, Choowongkomon K. FTIR spectra signatures reveal different cellular effects of EGFR inhibitors on nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960012. [PMID: 31595681 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ATP-analogue inhibitors, Gefitinib (Iressa) and Erlotinib (Tarceva) had been approved for advanced and metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells against tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Many techniques have been developed to better understand the drug mechanism which is multistep, time-consuming and expensive. Herein, we performed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy for evaluating the biochemical change on NSCLC (A549) cells after treatment. At levels that produced equivalent effects, Gefitinib dramatically induced cell apoptosis via impaired mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Whereas, Erlotinib had a slight effect on A549. Principal component analysis was performed to distinguish the effect of EGFR inhibitors on A549. FTIR spectra regions were divided into three regions: lipids (3000-2800 cm-1 ), proteins (1700-1500 cm-1 ) and carbohydrates and nuclei acids (1200-1000 cm-1 ). Biochemical changes can be evaluated by these spectral regions. This work may be a novel concept for utilizing FTIR spectroscopy for high-throughput discriminative effects of a drug or compound and its derivatives on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimonwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasrima, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasrima, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Inomura K, Omta AW, Talmy D, Bragg J, Deutsch C, Follows MJ. A Mechanistic Model of Macromolecular Allocation, Elemental Stoichiometry, and Growth Rate in Phytoplankton. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32256456 PMCID: PMC7093025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a model of the growth rate and elemental stoichiometry of phytoplankton as a function of resource allocation between and within broad macromolecular pools under a variety of resource supply conditions. The model is based on four, empirically-supported, cornerstone assumptions: that there is a saturating relationship between light and photosynthesis, a linear relationship between RNA/protein and growth rate, a linear relationship between biosynthetic proteins and growth rate, and a constant macromolecular composition of the light-harvesting machinery. We combine these assumptions with statements of conservation of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and energy. The model can be solved algebraically for steady state conditions and constrained with data on elemental stoichiometry from published laboratory chemostat studies. It interprets the relationships between macromolecular and elemental stoichiometry and also provides quantitative predictions of the maximum growth rate at given light intensity and nutrient supply rates. The model is compatible with data sets from several laboratory studies characterizing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic phytoplankton from marine and freshwater environments. It is conceptually simple, yet mechanistic and quantitative. Here, the model is constrained only by elemental stoichiometry, but makes predictions about allocation to measurable macromolecular pools, which could be tested in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inomura
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anne Willem Omta
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David Talmy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jason Bragg
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Curtis Deutsch
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael J. Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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