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Jariani P, Shahnejat-Bushehri AA, Naderi R, Zargar M, Naghavi MR. Characterization of key genes in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis during floral development in Rosa canina L. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133937. [PMID: 39029843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the transition of Rosa canina L. petals from pink to white, driven by genetic and biochemical factors. It characterizes the expression of ten key genes involved in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis across five developmental stages, correlating gene expression with flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations and colorimetric changes. Initially, the petals exhibit a rich flavonoid profile, dominated by Rutin and Kaempferol derivatives. The peak anthocyanin concentration, corresponding to the deepest color saturation, occurs in the subsequent stage. Advanced chromatographic analyses identify key flavonoids persisting into the final white petal stage. Notably, the ANS gene shows a dramatic 137.82-fold increase in expression at the final stage, indicating its crucial role in petal color maturation despite the absence of visible pigmentation. The study provides a comprehensive characterization of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying petal pigmentation, suggesting that reduced anthocyanin synthesis and increased flavonol concentration led to white petals. It also highlights the roles of other genes such as PAL, CCD1, FLS, CHI, CHS, UFGT, F3H, DFR, and RhMYB1, indicating that post-translational modifications and other regulatory mechanisms may influence anthocyanin stability and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Jariani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Ali-Akbar Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Roohangiz Naderi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Zhang T, Huang W, Zhang L, Li DZ, Qi J, Ma H. Phylogenomic profiles of whole-genome duplications in Poaceae and landscape of differential duplicate retention and losses among major Poaceae lineages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3305. [PMID: 38632270 PMCID: PMC11024178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Poaceae members shared a whole-genome duplication called rho. However, little is known about the evolutionary pattern of the rho-derived duplicates among Poaceae lineages and implications in adaptive evolution. Here we present phylogenomic/phylotranscriptomic analyses of 363 grasses covering all 12 subfamilies and report nine previously unknown whole-genome duplications. Furthermore, duplications from a single whole-genome duplication were mapped to multiple nodes on the species phylogeny; a whole-genome duplication was likely shared by woody bamboos with possible gene flow from herbaceous bamboos; and recent paralogues of a tetraploid Oryza are implicated in tolerance of seawater submergence. Moreover, rho duplicates showing differential retention among subfamilies include those with functions in environmental adaptations or morphogenesis, including ACOT for aquatic environments (Oryzoideae), CK2β for cold responses (Pooideae), SPIRAL1 for rapid cell elongation (Bambusoideae), and PAI1 for drought/cold responses (Panicoideae). This study presents a Poaceae whole-genome duplication profile with evidence for multiple evolutionary mechanisms that contribute to gene retention and losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taikui Zhang
- Department of Biology, the Eberly College of Science, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Department of Biology, the Eberly College of Science, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, the Eberly College of Science, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA.
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Mao W, Bao C, Cheng Q, Liang N, Wang L, Yang H. All-Year High IAA and ABA Contents in Rhizome Buds May Contribute to Natural Four-Season Shooting in Woody Bamboo Cephalostachyum pingbianense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38337943 PMCID: PMC10857254 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
To explore the regulation mechanism of endogenous phytohormones on rhizome bud germination in Cephalostachyum pingbianense, the contents of IAA, ABA, GA, and CTK in seven above- and under-ground bamboo structure components were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that a higher content of IAA, GA, and CTK all year was found in above-ground components and dormant rhizome buds. Meanwhile, a higher ABA content in young shoots and a lower ABA content in the culm base and dormant rhizome buds were detected during the peak period of shooting. The amounts of emerging shoots and the grown bamboo culms were positively correlated with the content of IAA and the ratio of IAA/ABA and (IAA + CTK + GA)/ABA, while they were negatively correlated with the ratio of CTK/IAA in dormant rhizome buds. The all-year high contents of IAA (19-31 ng/g) and ABA (114-144 ng/g) in rhizome buds, as well as interactions among four hormones, may be the key physiological mechanisms to maintain rhizome bud germination throughout the year in C. pingbianense. As C. pingbianense is a special bamboo species of multi-season shoot sprouting, the above results may supplement scientific data for a comprehensive understanding of physiological mechanisms within the bamboo subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Faculty of Foreign Languages, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, China;
| | - Changyan Bao
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650233, China; (C.B.); (Q.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650233, China; (C.B.); (Q.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Ning Liang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650233, China; (C.B.); (Q.C.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Forestry College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Hanqi Yang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650233, China; (C.B.); (Q.C.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650233, China
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Zhu PK, Yang J, Yang DM, Xu YP, He TY, Rong JD, Zheng YS, Chen LY. Identification and characterization of the cupin_1 domain-containing proteins in ma bamboo ( Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and their potential role in rhizome sprouting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1260856. [PMID: 37908839 PMCID: PMC10614299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1260856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cupin_1 domain-containing protein (CDP) family, which is a member of the cupin superfamily with the most diverse functions in plants, has been found to be involved in hormone pathways that are closely related to rhizome sprouting (RS), a vital form of asexual reproduction in plants. Ma bamboo is a typical clumping bamboo, which mainly reproduces by RS. In this study, we identified and characterized 53 Dendrocalamus latiflorus CDP genes and divided them into seven subfamilies. Comparing the genetic structures among subfamilies showed a relatively conserved gene structure within each subfamily, and the number of cupin_1 domains affected the conservation among D. latiflorus CDP genes. Gene collinearity results showed that segmental duplication and tandem duplication both contributed to the expansion of D. latiflorus CDP genes, and lineage-specific gene duplication was an important factor influencing the evolution of CDP genes. Expression patterns showed that CDP genes generally had higher expression levels in germinating underground buds, indicating that they might play important roles in promoting shoot sprouting. Transcription factor binding site prediction and co-expression network analysis indicated that D. latiflorus CDPs were regulated by a large number of transcription factors, and collectively participated in rhizome buds and shoot development. This study significantly provided new insights into the evolutionary patterns and molecular functions of CDP genes, and laid a foundation for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of plant rhizome sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-kai Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De-ming Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-ping Xu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian-you He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-dong Rong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-shan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-yan Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Xi F, Zhang Z, Wu L, Wang B, Gao P, Chen K, Zhao L, Gao J, Gu L, Zhang H. Insight into gene expression associated with DNA methylation and small RNA in the rhizome-root system of Moso bamboo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125921. [PMID: 37499707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), typically a monopodial scattering bamboo, is famous for its rapid growth. The rhizome-root system of Moso bamboo plays a crucial role in its clonal growth and spatial distribution. However, few studies have focused on rhizome-root systems. Here we collected LBs, RTs, and RGFNSs, the most important parts of the rhizome-root system, to study the molecular basis of the rapid growth of Moso bamboo due to epigenetic changes, such as DNA modifications and small RNAs. The angle of the shoot apical meristem of LB gradually decreased with increasing distance from the mother plant, and the methylation levels of LB were much higher than those of RT and RGFNS. 24 nt small RNAs and mCHH exhibited similar distribution patterns in transposable elements, suggesting a potential association between these components. The miRNA abundance of LB gradually increased with increasing distance from the mother plant, and a negative correlation was observed between gene expression levels and mCG and mCHG levels in the gene body. This study paves the way for further exploring the effects of epigenetic factors on the physiology of Moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Xi
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baijie Wang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liangzhen Zhao
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian Gao
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Lin C, Hang T, Jiang C, Yang P, Zhou M. Effects of different phosphorus levels on tiller bud development in hydroponic Phyllostachys edulis seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1416-1431. [PMID: 37099799 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer can improve the germination rate of bamboo buds and increase the bamboo shoot output. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of phosphate fertilizer in bamboo shoot development have not been systematically reported. Herein, the effects of low (LP, 1 μM), normal (NP, 50 μM) and high (HP, 1000 μM) phosphorus (P) on the growth and development of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) tiller buds were first investigated. Phenotypically, the seedling biomass, average number of tiller buds and bud height growth rate under the LP and HP treatments were significantly lower than those under the NP treatment. Next, the microstructure difference of tiller buds in the late development stage (S4) at three P levels was analyzed. The number of internode cells and vascular bundles were significantly lower in the LP treatments than in the NP treatments. The relative expression levels of eight P transport genes, eight hormone-related genes and four bud development genes at the tiller bud developmental stage (S2-S4) and the tiller bud re-tillering stage were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression trends for most P transport genes, hormone-related genes and bud development genes from S2 to S4 were diversified at different P levels, and the expression levels were also different at different P levels. In the tiller bud re-tillering stage, the expression levels of seven P transport genes and six hormone-related genes showed a downward trend with increasing P level. REV expression level decreased under LP and HP conditions. TB1 expression level increased under HP condition. Therefore, we conclude that P deficiency inhibits tiller bud development and re-tillering, and that P depends on the expression of REV and TB1 genes and auxin, cytokinin and strigolactones synthesis and transporter genes to mediate tiller bud development and re-tillering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Hang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang, China
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Gao J, Duan M, Hasi G, Yang J, Yan C, Kang Y, Qi Z. Comparison of two contrasting Leymus chinensis accessions reveals the roles of the cell wall and auxin in rhizome development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154003. [PMID: 37301035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leymus chinensis, a perennial native forage grass, is widely distributed in the steppes of Inner Mongolia as the dominant species. The main reproductive strategy of this grass is clonal propagation, which occurs via the proliferation of subterranean horizontal stems known as rhizomes. To elucidate the mechanism underlying rhizome development in this grass, we collected 60 accessions of L. chinensis and evaluated their rhizome development. One accession, which we named SR-74 (Strong Rhizomes), had significantly better rhizome development capacity than the accession WR-16 (Weak Rhizomes) in terms of rhizome number, total and primary rhizome length, and number of rhizome seedlings. Rhizome elongation was positively correlated with the number of internodes in the rhizome, which affected plant biomass. Compared to WR-16, SR-74 had higher rhizome tip hardness, higher abundance of transcripts participating in the biosynthesis of cell wall components, and higher levels of the metabolites L-phenylalanine, trans-cinnamic acid, 3-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and coniferin. These metabolites in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway are precursors of lignin. In addition, SR-74 rhizomes contained higher amounts of auxin and auxin metabolites, including L-Trp, IPA, IBA, IAA and IAA-Asp, as well as upregulated expression of the auxin biosynthesis and signaling genes YUCCA6, YUCCA8, YUCCA10, YUCCA11, PIN1, PIN2, UGT1, UGT2, UGT4, UGT10, GH3, IAA7, IAA23, and IAA30. We propose a network between auxin signaling and the cell wall underlying rhizome development in L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Gaowa Hasi
- Grassland Work Station of East Ujimqin Banner of Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia, East Ujimqin Banner, 026300, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Huang X, Wei J, Wu D, Mi N, Fang S, Xiao Y, Li Y. Silencing of SlDRB1 gene reduces resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2149942. [PMID: 36453197 PMCID: PMC9718546 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2149942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins are small molecules in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway that form the RNAi machinery together with the Dicer-like protein (DCL) as a cofactor. This machinery cuts double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to form multiple small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Our goal was to clarify the function of DRB in tomato resistant to TYLCV. In this experiment, the expression of the SlDRB1 and SlDRB4 genes was analyzed in tomato leaves by qPCR, and the function of SlDRB1 and SlDRB4 in resistance to TYLCV was investigated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Then, peroxidase activity was determined. The results showed that the expression of SlDRB1 gradually increased after inoculation of 'dwarf tomato' plants with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), but this gene was suppressed after 28 days. Resistance to TYLCV was significantly weakened after silencing of the SlDRB1 gene. However, there were no significant expression differences in SlDRB4 after TYLCV inoculation. Our study showed that silencing SlDRB1 attenuated the ability of tomato plants to resist virus infection; therefore, SlDRB1 may play a key role in the defense against TYLCV in tomato plants, whereas SlDRB4 is likely not involved in this defense response. Taken together, These results suggest that the DRB gene is involved in the mechanism of antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianming Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sili Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Li J, Li H, Yin N, Quan X, Wang W, Shan Q, Wang S, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsPIN1 gene and its potential functions in rhizome turning of Leymus secalinus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:753. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Continuous tilling and the lateral growth of rhizomes confer rhizomatous grasses with the unique ability to laterally expand, migrate and resist disturbances. They play key roles especially in degraded grasslands, deserts, sand dunes, and other fragile ecological system. The rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus has both rhizome buds and tiller buds that grow horizontally and upward at the ends of rhizome differentiation and elongation, respectively. The mechanisms of rhizome formation and differentiation in L. secalinus have not yet been clarified.
Results
In this study, we found that the content of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were significantly higher in upward rhizome tips than in horizontal rhizome tips; by contrast, the content of methyl jasmonate and brassinolide were significantly higher in horizontal rhizome tips than in upward rhizome tips. GA3 and IAA could stimulate the formation and turning of rhizomes. An auxin efflux carrier gene, LsPIN1, was identified from L. secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domains of LsPIN1 and the relationship of LsPIN1 with PIN1 genes from other plants were analyzed. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LsPIN1 was localized to the plasma membrane. The length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) were higher in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LsPIN1 than in wild-type (Col-0) plants. Auxin transport was altered and the gravitropic response and phototropic response were stronger in 35S:LsPIN1 transgenic plants compared with Col-0 plants. It also promoted auxin accumulation in root tips.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that LsPIN1 plays key roles in auxin transport and root development. Generally, our results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying rhizome development in L. secalinus.
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Jin K, Wang Y, Zhuo R, Xu J, Lu Z, Fan H, Huang B, Qiao G. TCP Transcription Factors Involved in Shoot Development of Ma Bamboo ( Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884443. [PMID: 35620688 PMCID: PMC9127963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) is the most widely cultivated clumping bamboo in Southern China and is valuable for both consumption and wood production. The development of bamboo shoots involving the occurrence of lateral buds is unique, and it affects both shoot yield and the resulting timber. Plant-specific TCP transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development, particularly in lateral bud outgrowth and morphogenesis. However, the comprehensive information of the TCP genes in Ma bamboo remains poorly understood. In this study, 66 TCP transcription factors were identified in Ma bamboo at the genome-wide level. Members of the same subfamily had conservative gene structures and conserved motifs. The collinear analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication occurred widely in the TCP transcription factors of Ma bamboo, which mainly led to the expansion of a gene family. Cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response were found in the promoter regions of DlTCPs. Expression patterns revealed that DlTCPs have tissue expression specificity, which is usually highly expressed in shoots and leaves. Subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation experiments demonstrated that the five candidate TCP proteins were typical self-activating nuclear-localized transcription factors. Additionally, the transcriptome analysis of the bamboo shoot buds at different developmental stages helped to clarify the underlying functions of the TCP members during the growth of bamboo shoots. DlTCP12-C, significantly downregulated as the bamboo shoots developed, was selected to further verify its molecular function in Arabidopsis. The DlTCP12-C overexpressing lines exhibited a marked reduction in the number of rosettes and branches compared with the wild type in Arabidopsis, suggesting that DlTCP12-C conservatively inhibits lateral bud outgrowth and branching in plants. This study provides useful insights into the evolutionary patterns and molecular functions of the TCP transcription factors in Ma bamboo and provides a valuable reference for further research on the regulatory mechanism of bamboo shoot development and lateral bud growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Forestry Faculty, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuchou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guirong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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Bai Y, Cai M, Mu C, Cheng W, Zheng H, Cheng Z, Li J, Mu S, Gao J. New Insights Into the Local Auxin Biosynthesis and Its Effects on the Rapid Growth of Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858686. [PMID: 35592571 PMCID: PMC9111533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a crucial regulatory role in higher plants, but systematic studies on the location of auxin local biosynthesis are rare in bamboo and other graminaceous plants. We studied moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which can grow up to 1 m/day and serves as a reference species for bamboo and other fast-growing species. We selected young tissues such as root tips, shoot tips, young culm sheaths, sheath blades, and internode divisions for local auxin biosynthesis site analysis. IAA immunofluorescence localization revealed that auxin was similarly distributed in different stages of 50-cm and 300-cm bamboo shoots. Shoot tips had the highest auxin content, and it may be the main site of auxin biosynthesis in the early stage of rapid growth. A total of 22 key genes in the YUCCA family for auxin biosynthesis were identified by genome-wide identification, and these had obvious tissue-specific and spatio-temporal expression patterns. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the localization of YUCCA genes was highly consistent with the distribution of auxin. Six major auxin synthesis genes, PheYUC3-1, PheYUC6-1, PheYUC6-3, PheYUC9-1, PheYUC9-2, and PheYUC7-3, were obtained that may have regulatory roles in auxin accumulation during moso bamboo growth. Culm sheaths were found to serve as the main local sites of auxin biosynthesis and the auxin required for internode elongation may be achieved mainly by auxin transport.
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12
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Total and Mitochondrial Transcriptomic and Proteomic Insights into Regulation of Bioenergetic Processes for Shoot Fast-Growth Initiation in Moso Bamboo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071240. [PMID: 35406802 PMCID: PMC8997719 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a fast-growing, woody grass plant, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) can supply edible shoots, building materials, fibrous raw material, raw materials for crafts and furniture and so on within a relatively short time. Rapid growth of Moso bamboo occurs after the young bamboo shoots are covered with a shell and emerge from the ground. However, the molecular reactions of bioenergetic processes essential for fast growth remain undefined. Herein, total and mitochondrial transcriptomes and proteomes were compared between spring and winter shoots. Numerous key genes and proteins responsible for energy metabolism were significantly upregulated in spring shoots, including those involved in starch and sucrose catabolism, glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, significant decreases in starch and soluble sugar, higher ATP content and higher rates of respiration and glycolysis were identified in spring shoots. Further, the upregulated genes and proteins related to mitochondrial fission significantly increased the number of mitochondria, indirectly promoting intracellular energy metabolism. Moreover, enhanced alternate-oxidase and uncoupled-protein pathways in winter shoots showed that an efficient energy-dissipating system was important for winter shoots to adapt to the low-temperature environment. Heterologous expression of PeAOX1b in Arabidopsis significantly affected seedling growth and enhanced cold-stress tolerance. Overall, this study highlights the power of comparing total and mitochondrial omics and integrating physiochemical data to understand how bamboo initiates fast growth through modulating bioenergetic processes.
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Li L, Xia T, Li B, Yang H. Hormone and carbohydrate metabolism associated genes play important roles in rhizome bud full-year germination of Cephalostachyum pingbianense. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13674. [PMID: 35306669 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cephalostachyum pingbianense is the only woody bamboo species that can produce bamboo shoots in four seasons under natural conditions. So far, the regulatory mechanism of shoot bud differentiation and development is unknown. In the present study, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin A3 (GA3 ) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents determination, RNA sequencing and differentially expressed gene analysis were performed on dormant rhizome bud (DR), growing rhizome bud (GR), and germinative bud (GB) in each season. The results showed that the contents of IAA and ZR increased while ABA content decreased, and GA3 content was stable during bud transition from dormancy to germination in each season. Moreover, rhizome bud germination was cooperatively regulated by multiple pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, hormone signal transduction, cell wall biogenesis, temperature response, and water transport. The inferred hub genes among these candidates were identified by protein-protein interaction network analyses, most of which were involved in hormone and carbohydrate metabolism, such as HK and BGLU4 in spring, IDH and GH3 in winter, GPI and talA/talB in summer and autumn. It is speculated that dynamic phytohormone changes and differential expression of these genes promote the release of rhizome bud dormancy and contribute to the phenological characteristics of full-year shooting. Moreover, the rhizome buds of C. pingbianense may not suffer from ecodormancy in winter. These findings would help accumulate knowledge on shooting mechanisms in woody bamboos and provide a physiological insight into germplasm conservation and forest management of C. pingbianense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Li
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tize Xia
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanqi Yang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Yang W, Liu W, Niu K, Ma X, Jia Z, Ma H, Wang Y, Liu M. Transcriptional Regulation of Different Rhizome Parts Reveal the Candidate Genes That Regulate Rhizome Development in Poa pratensis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:151-168. [PMID: 34813368 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong rhizome can enhance the ability of a plant to resist drought, low temperature, and other stresses, as it can help plants rapidly obtain water and nutrients. Poa pratensis var. anceps Gaud. cv. Qinghai (QH) is a variant of P. pratensis that is widely distributed in natural grasslands above 3000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It forms turf easily and has strong soil-fixing ability due to its well-developed rhizomes. Understanding the molecular mechanism of rhizome development in this species is essential for cultivating new varieties of rhizome-type pasture for ecological protection. To clarify the transcriptional regulatory changes in different parts of the rhizome, we analyzed three different rhizome parts (rhizome buds, rhizome nodes, and rhizome internodes) of QH and weak-rhizome wild P. pratensis material (SN) using RNA sequencing. A total of 3806 genes were specifically expressed in Q_B, 1104 genes were specifically expressed in Q_N, and 1181 genes were specifically expressed in Q_I. Analysis showed that MYB, B3, NAC, BBR-BPC, AP2 MIKC_MADS, BSE1, and C2H2 may be key transcription factors regulating rhizome development. These genes interacted with multiple functional genes related to carbohydrate, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction, thus ensuring the normal development of the rhizomes. In particular, SUS (sucrose synthase) [EC:2.4.1.13] is specifically expressed in Q_I, which may be an inducing factor for the production of new plants from Q_B and Q_N. Additionally, PYL, PP2C, and SNRK2, which are involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, were differentially expressed in Q_N. In addition, genes related to protein modification and degradation, such as CIPKs, MAPKs, E2, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, were also involved in rhizome development. This study laid a foundation for further functional genomics studies on rhizome development in P. pratensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
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15
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Ma R, Chen J, Huang B, Huang Z, Zhang Z. The BBX gene family in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): identification, characterization and expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:533. [PMID: 34256690 PMCID: PMC8276415 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BBX (B-box) family are zinc finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors that play an essential role in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stresses. Although BBX genes have been characterized in many model organisms, genome-wide identification of the BBX family genes have not yet been reported in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), and the biological functions of this family remain unknown. RESULT In the present study, we identified 27 BBX genes in the genome of Moso bamboo, and analysis of their conserved motifs and multiple sequence alignments revealed that they all shared highly similar structures. Additionally, phylogenetic and homology analyses indicated that PeBBX genes were divided into three clusters, with whole-genome duplication (WGD) events having facilitated the expansion of this gene family. Light-responsive and stress-related cis-elements were identified by analyzing cis-elements in the promoters of all PeBBX genes. Short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis revealed that the PeBBX genes had spatiotemporal-specific expression patterns and were likely involved in the growth and development of bamboo shoots. We further explored the downstream target genes of PeBBXs, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis predicted multiple functions of BBX target genes, including those encoding enzymes involved in plant photosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we analyzed the PeBBX genes at multiple different levels, which will contribute to further studies of the BBX family and provide valuable information for the functional validation of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang H, Xi F, Wang H, Han X, Wei W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zheng Y, Zhu Q, Kohnen MV, Reddy ASN, Gu L. Profiling of circular RNA N 6 -methyladenosine in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) using nanopore-based direct RNA sequencing. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1823-1838. [PMID: 32735361 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is a prevalent modification in messenger RNAs and circular RNAs that play important roles in regulating various aspects of RNA metabolism. However, the occurrence of the m6 A modification in plant circular RNAs has not been reported. A widely used method to identify m6 A modifications relies on m6 A-specific antibodies followed by next-generation sequencing of precipitated RNAs (MeRIP-Seq). However, one limitation of MeRIP-Seq is that it does not provide the precise location of m6 A at single-nucleotide resolution. Although more recent sequencing techniques such as Nanopore-based direct RNA sequencing (DRS) can overcome such limitations, the technology does not allow sequencing of circular RNAs, as these molecules lack a poly(A) tail. Here, we developed a novel method to detect the precise location of m6 A modifications in circular RNAs using Nanopore DRS. We first enriched our samples for circular RNAs, which we then fragmented and sequenced on the Nanopore platform with a customized protocol. Using this method, we identified 470 unique circular RNAs from DRS reads based on the back-spliced junction region. Among exonic circular RNAs, about 10% contained m6 A sites, which mainly occurred around acceptor and donor splice sites. This study demonstrates the utility of our antibody-independent method in identifying total and methylated circular RNAs using Nanopore DRS. This method has the additional advantage of providing the exact location of m6 A sites at single-base resolution in circular RNAs or linear transcripts from non-coding RNA without poly(A) tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feihu Xi
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ximei Han
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wentao Wei
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Markus V Kohnen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Anireddy S N Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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17
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Transcriptome Reveals the Specificity of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ Shoots at Different Developmental Stages. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ can have a stalk wall thickness of up to 2.5 cm at a height of 1.3 m, which is 1.8 times that of normal Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis); this serves as an excellent cultivar, comprising both wood and bamboo shoots. We collected bamboo shoot samples of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ and Moso bamboo on a monthly basis from September to April and used transcriptome sequencing to explore the differences in their development. The results showed that there were 666–1839 Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’-specific genes at different developmental stages enriched in 20 biological processes, 15 cellular components, 12 molecular functions, and 137 metabolic pathways, 52 of which were significant. Among these, 27 metabolic pathways such as tyrosine metabolism and their uniquely expressed genes were found to play important roles in the thickening of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the thickening of the culm wall of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’.
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