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Chen H, Wu W, Du K, Ling A, Kang X. The interplay of growth-regulating factor 5 and BZR1 in coregulating chlorophyll degradation in poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38783695 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is essential for plants to carry out photosynthesis, growth and development processes. Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play a vital role in regulating Chl degradation in plants. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRF5 regulates Chl degradation in poplar remains unknown. Here we found that overexpression of PpnGRF5-1 increased Chl content in leaves and promoted chloroplast development in poplar. Overexpression of PpnGRF5-1 in poplar delayed Chl degradation induced by external factors, such as hormones, darkness and salt stress. PpnGRF5-1 responded to brassinosteroid (BR) signalling during BR-induced Chl degradation and reduced the expression levels of Chl degradation and senescence-related genes. PpnGRF5-1 inhibited the expression of Chl b reductases PagNYC1 and PagNOL. PpnGRF5-1 could interact with PagBZR1 in the nucleus. PagBZR1 also inhibited the expression of PagNYC1. In addition, we found that the protein-protein interaction between PagBZR1 and PpnGRF5-1 enhanced the inhibitory effect of PpnGRF5-1 on the Chl b reductases PagNYC1 and PagNOL. BZR1 and GRF5-1 were upregulated, and NOL and NYC1 were downregulated in triploid poplars compared to diploids. This study revealed a new mechanism by which PpnGRF5-1 regulates Chl degradation in poplars and lays the foundation for comprehensively analysing the molecular mechanism of Chl metabolism in triploid poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Aoyu Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang P, Wang Z, Cao H, He J, Qin C, He L, Liu B, Wang J, Kong L, Ren W, Liu X, Ma W. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the GRF transcription factor family in Astragalus mongholicus. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:618. [PMID: 38705956 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus is a plant of the Astragalus genus, which is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with extremely high medicinal and edible value. Astragalus mongholicus, as one of the representative medicinal materials with the same origin of medicine and food, has a rising market demand for its raw materials, but the quality is different in different production areas. Growth-regulating factors (GRF) are transcription factors unique to plants that play important roles in plant growth and development. Up to now, there is no report about GRF in A. mongholicus. METHODS AND RESULTS This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the AmGRF gene family, identifying a total of nine AmGRF genes that were classified into subfamily V based on phylogenetic relationships. In the promoter region of the AmGRF gene, we successfully predicted cis-elements that respond to abiotic stress, growth, development, and hormone production in plants. Based on transcriptomic data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation, the results showed that AmGRFs were expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves, with overall higher expression in leaves, higher expression of AmGRF1 and AmGRF8 in roots, and high expression levels of AmGRF1 and AmGRF9 in stems. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the functions of AmGRFs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huiyan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiajun He
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lianqing He
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Library, Harbin Cambridge University, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
- Equipment department, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150040, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiubo Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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3
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Li P, He Y, Xiao L, Quan M, Gu M, Jin Z, Zhou J, Li L, Bo W, Qi W, Huang R, Lv C, Wang D, Liu Q, El-Kassaby YA, Du Q, Zhang D. Temporal dynamics of genetic architecture governing leaf development in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1113-1130. [PMID: 38418427 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Leaf development is a multifaceted and dynamic process orchestrated by a myriad of genes to shape the proper size and morphology. The dynamic genetic network underlying leaf development remains largely unknown. Utilizing a synergistic genetic approach encompassing dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS), time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) analyses and gene manipulation, we explored the temporal genetic architecture and regulatory network governing leaf development in Populus. We identified 42 time-specific and 18 consecutive genes that displayed different patterns of expression at various time points. We then constructed eight TO-GCNs that covered the cell proliferation, transition, and cell expansion stages of leaf development. Integrating GWAS and TO-GCN, we postulated the functions of 27 causative genes for GWAS and identified PtoGRF9 as a key player in leaf development. Genetic manipulation via overexpression and suppression of PtoGRF9 revealed its primary influence on leaf development by modulating cell proliferation. Furthermore, we elucidated that PtoGRF9 governs leaf development by activating PtoHB21 during the cell proliferation stage and attenuating PtoLD during the transition stage. Our study provides insights into the dynamic genetic underpinnings of leaf development and understanding the regulatory mechanism of PtoGRF9 in this dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuling He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhuoying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weina Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qingzhang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Wang R, Zhu Y, Zhao D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Growth-Regulating Factors in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Du-Zhong). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1185. [PMID: 38732399 PMCID: PMC11085888 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides contain a large amount of trans-polyisoprene (also known as Eu-rubber), which is considered to be an important laticiferous plant with valuable industrial applications. Eu-rubber used in industry is mainly extracted from leaves. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify genes related to regulating the leaf size of E. ulmoides. Plant growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play important roles in regulating leaf size, and their functions are highly conserved across different plant species. However, there have been very limited reports on EuGRFs until now. In this study, eight canonical EuGRFs with both QLQ and WRC domains and two putative eul-miR396s were identified in the chromosome-level genome of E. ulmoides. It is found that, unlike AtGRFs, all EuGRFs contain the miR396s binding site in the terminal of WRC domains. These EuGRFs were distributed on six chromosomes in the genome of E. ulmoides. Collinearity analysis of the E. ulmoides genome revealed that EuGRF1 and EuGRF3 exhibit collinear relationships with EuGRF2, suggesting that those three genes may have emerged via gene replication events. The collinear relationship between EuGRFs, AtGRFs, and OsGRFs showed that EuGRF5 and EuGRF8 had no collinear members in Arabidopsis and rice. Almost all EuGRFs show a higher expression level in growing and developing tissues, and most EuGRF promoters process phytohormone-response and stress-induced cis-elements. Moreover, we found the expression of EuGRFs was significantly induced by gibberellins (GA3) in three hours, and the height of E. ulmoides seedlings was significantly increased one week after GA3 treatment. The findings in this study provide potential candidate genes for further research and lay the foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism underlying E. ulmoides development in response to GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoruo Wang
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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5
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Wang J, Tu Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Li H. Genome-wide identification of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs in Liriodendron chinense and functional characterization of LcGRF2 in leaf size regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108204. [PMID: 38043251 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of leaf size in plants and have been widely reported in plants. However, their specific functions in leaf size regulation in Liriodendron chinense remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we identified GRF genes on a genome-wide scale in L. chinense to characterize the roles of LcGRFs in regulating leaf size. A total of nine LcGRF genes were identified, and these genes exhibited weak expression in mature leaves but strong expression in shoot apex. Notably, LcGRF2 exhibited the highest expression level in the shoot apex of L. chinense. Further RT-qPCR assay revealed that the expression level of LcGRF2 gradually decreased along with the leaf development process, and also displayed a gradient along the leaf proximo-distal and medio-lateral axes. Furthermore, overexpression of LcGRF2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in increased leaf size, and significantly up-regulated the expression of genes involved in cell division like AtCYCD3;1, AtKNOLLE, and AtCYCB1;1, indicating that LcGRF2 may influence leaf size by promoting cell proliferation. This work contributes to a better understanding of the roles and molecular mechanisms of LcGRFs in the regulation of leaf size in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Minxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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6
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Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Wang L, Hou J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Huang R, Wang D, He XQ. The PtoTCP20-miR396d-PtoGRF15 module regulates secondary vascular development in Populus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100494. [PMID: 36419363 PMCID: PMC10030372 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary vascular development is a key biological characteristic of woody plants and the basis of wood formation. Our understanding of gene expression regulation and dynamic changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) during secondary vascular development is still limited. Here we present an integrated analysis of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptome of six phase-specific tissues-the shoot apex, procambium, primary vascular tissue, cambium, secondary phloem, and secondary xylem-in Populus tomentosa. Several novel regulatory modules, including the PtoTCP20-miR396d-PtoGRF15 module, were identified during secondary vascular development in Populus. A series of biochemical and molecular experiments confirmed that PtoTCP20 activated transcription of the miR396d precursor gene and that miR396d targeted PtoGRF15 to downregulate its expression. Plants overexpressing miR396d (35S:miR396d) showed enhanced secondary growth and increased xylem production. Conversely, during the transition from primary to secondary vascular development, plants with downregulated PtoTCP20expression (PtoTCP20-SRDX), downregulated miR396 expression (35S:STTM396), and PtoGRF15 overexpression (35S:PtoGRF15) showed delayed secondary growth. Novel regulatory modules were identified by integrated analysis of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptome, and the regulatory role of the PtoTCP20-miR396d-PtoGRF15 signaling cascade in secondary vascular development was validated in Populus, providing information to support improvements in forest cultivation and wood properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Runzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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8
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Liu Y, Guo P, Wang J, Xu ZY. Growth-regulating factors: conserved and divergent roles in plant growth and development and potential value for crop improvement. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1122-1145. [PMID: 36582168 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High yield and stress resistance are the major prerequisites for successful crop cultivation, and can be achieved by modifying plant architecture. Evolutionarily conserved growth-regulating factors (GRFs) control the growth of different tissues and organs of plants. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the expression patterns of GRF genes and the structural features of GRF proteins in different plant species. Moreover, we illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs, microRNA396 (miR396), and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) in leaf, root, and flower development. We also describe the molecular networks involving the miR396-GRF-GIF module, and illustrate how this module coordinates with different signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators to control development of different plant species. GRFs promote leaf growth, accelerate grain filling, and increase grain size and weight. We also provide some molecular insight into how coordination between GRFs and other signaling modules enhances crop productivity; for instance, how the GRF-DELLA interaction confers yield-enhancing dwarfism while increasing grain yield. Finally, we discuss how the GRF-GIF chimera substantially improves plant transformation efficiency by accelerating shoot formation. Overall, we systematically review the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs and the miR396-GRF-GIF module in growth regulation, and also provide insights into how GRFs can be utilized to improve the productivity and nutrient content of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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9
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Ma C, Dai X, He G, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Lou Y, Ming F. PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex regulates cell proliferation in the leaf of Phalaenopsis equestris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:683-694. [PMID: 36801773 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis equestris is an ornamental plant with very large leaves. In this study, we identified genes related to the regulation of leaf development in Phalaenopsis and explored their mechanism of action. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that PeGRF6 in the PeGRF family of P. equestris has similarities with the Arabidopsis genes AtGRF1 and AtGRF2, which are known to be involved in the regulation of leaf development. Among the PeGRFs, PeGRF6 was continuously and stably expressed at various stages of leaf development. The functions of PeGRF6 and of its complex formed with PeGIF1 in leaf development were verified by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The results show that the PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex forms in the nucleus and positively regulates leaf cell proliferation via influencing cell size. Interestingly, VIGS suppression of PeGRF6 resulted in anthocyanin accumulation in Phalaenopsis leaves. Analyses of the regulatory mechanism of the miR396-PeGRF6 model based on the P. equestris small RNA library constructed here suggested that PeGRF6 transcripts are cleaved by Peq-miR396. These results show that, compared with PeGRF6 or PeGIF1 alone, the PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex plays a more important role in the leaf development of Phalaenopsis, possibly by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Ma
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Guoren He
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - YiDing Wu
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - YuXia Lou
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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10
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Wang X, Hong Z, Yang A, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Systematic analysis of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module and the opposite role of CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 in regulating cell proliferation in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111407. [PMID: 35932827 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors, and their activities are regulated by miR396 and the GRF-GIF interaction. The miR396-GRFs/GIFs module determines organ size by regulating cell proliferation. However, it is largely unknown in cucumber. In this study, the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module was investigated in cucumber. Five CsMIR396 loci (CsMIR396A-E), eight CsGRFs and two CsGIFs were identified. CsMIR396A-E was distributed within two clusters and coded three different mature CsmiR396, and all CsGRFs acted as the target of CsmiR396. Bioinformatic analyses showed that miR396s were classified into five types, while GRFs were classified into six groups in plants. The GRFs from group Ⅰ exhibited high diversity and harbored specific characteristics (truncated C-terminus or two WRC domains). qRT-PCR results showed that CsMIR396s (CsMIR396A, CsMIR396B and CsMIR396D) and mature CsmiR396 increased, whereas CsGRFs declined as leaf age increased. In contrast, CsMIR396E was highly expressed in young leaves and shoot tissue, and it was expressed in an age-independent pattern. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that CsGRF3 strongly interacted with CsGIFs, while CsGRF5 weakly interacted with CsGIFs. Overexpression of CsGRF3 resulted in an enlarged organ size; in contrast, overexpression of CsGRF5, which belonged to group Ⅰ and harbored two WRC domains, resulted in a reduced organ size in Arabidopsis. Section analysis showed that cell proliferation was increased in CsGRF3OE plants, whereas it was decreased in CsGRF5OE plants. In summary, our results reveal the diversity of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module in cucumber, and that CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 play an opposite role in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zezhou Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiyi Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Tian Y, Zhao Y, Sun Y, El-Kassaby YA, Song G, Mi Y, Han J, Li Y. PagGRF11 Overexpression Promotes Stem Development and Dwarfing in Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147858. [PMID: 35887208 PMCID: PMC9323871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poplar is not only an important woody plant, but also a model species for molecular plant studies. We identified PagGRF11 (pAxG07Gg0005700), a homolog of the Arabidopsis AtGRF1 (AT4G37740) and AtGRF2 (AT2G22840) gene. We transformed the poplar clone "84K" with PagGRF11, and the transgenic overexpressed plants (PagGRF11-OE) showed plant height reduction (dwarfing), stem diameter increase, internode shortening, and larger leaf area. The Arabidopsis overexpression line grf-oe (Overexpression of PagGRF11 in Arabidopsis), mutant line atgrf (a loss-of-function mutant of the AtGRF1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana), and mutant trans-complementary line atgrf+oe (overexpression of PagGRF11 in mutant plants (atgrf)) also showed different leaf size phenotypes. Further, tissue sections revealed that increased xylem production was the main cause of stem thickening. Transcriptome differential expression analysis of PagGRF11 overexpressed and control plants showed that PagGRF11 promoted CCCH39(C3H39) expression. The expression profile of CCCH39 in different tissues showed that it was highly expressed in xylem. Yeast single hybrid and instantaneous double luciferase assay results showed that PagGRF11 directly transcribed and activated CCCH39 expression through interaction with cis-acting element GARE (TCTGTTG), thus promoting xylem development. This is the first finding that GRF positively regulates xylem development through CCCH39 expression activation and further suggests that PagGRF11 is a potential target for increasing wood yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Tian
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Ye Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Guoyong Song
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yueqi Mi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Juan Han
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Yun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang L, Ge X, Du J, Cheng X, Peng X, Hu J. Genome-Wide Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Functions in Poplar Growth and Phenylalanine Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:762678. [PMID: 34868243 PMCID: PMC8634849 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar is an important bioenergy tree species. lncRNAs play important roles in various biological regulatory processes, and their expression pattern is more tissue-specific than mRNAs. In this study, P. deltoides “Danhong” (Pd) and P. simonii “Tongliao1” (Ps) with different growth rates and wood quality were used as experimental materials, and the transcriptomes of their shoot apical meristem, xylem, and phloem were sequenced. Furthermore, high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression patterns of genes and lncRNAs are different between the two genotypes. 6,355 lncRNAs were identified. Based on target prediction, lncRNAs and target genes were involved in ADP binding, oxidoreductase activity, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and cyanoamino acid metabolism. The DElncRNAs in two poplars were co-expressed with transcription factors and structural genes of lignin and flavonoid pathways. In addition, we found the potential target lncRNAs of miRNA. This result provides basic evidence for a better understanding of the regulatory role of lncRNAs in regulating phenylalanine molecular pathways and wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiujun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xingqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Leaf Size Development Differences and Comparative Trancriptome Analyses of Two Poplar Genotypes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111775. [PMID: 34828380 PMCID: PMC8624656 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant leaf, the main organ of photosynthesis, is an important regulator of growth. To explore the difference between leaf size of Populusdeltoides ‘Danhong’ (Pd) and Populus simonii ‘Tongliao1’ (Ps), we investigated the leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf area, leaf mass per area (LMA), and cell size of leaves from two genotypes and profiled the transcriptome-wide gene expression patterns through RNA sequencing. Our results show that the leaf area of Pd was significantly larger than that of Ps, but the epidermal cell area was significantly smaller than that of Ps. The difference of leaf size was caused by cell numbers. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that genes related to chromosome replication and DNA repair were highly expressed in Pd, while genes such as the EXPANSIN (EXPA) family which promoted cell expansion were highly expressed in Ps. Further, we revealed that the growth-regulating factors (GRFs) played a key role in the difference of leaf size between two genotypes through regulation of cell proliferation. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the leaf development of the Populus genus.
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14
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Zhang B, Tong Y, Luo K, Zhai Z, Liu X, Shi Z, Zhang D, Li D. Identification of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR transcription factors in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) genome and functional analysis of LsaGRF5 in leaf size regulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:485. [PMID: 34688264 PMCID: PMC8539887 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), a type of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. Although GRF gene family has been identified in various plant species, a genome-wide analysis of this family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has not been reported yet. RESULTS Here we identified 15 GRF genes in lettuce and performed comprehensive analysis of them, including chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Through phylogenic analysis, we divided LsaGRFs into six groups. Transactivation assays and subcellular localization of LsaGRF5 showed that this protein is likely to act as a transcriptional factor in the cell nucleus. Furthermore, transgenic lettuce lines overexpressing LsaGRF5 exhibited larger leaves, while smaller leaves were observed in LsaMIR396a overexpression lines, in which LsaGRF5 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS These results in lettuce provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GRF gene family in regulating leaf growth and development and foundational information for genetic improvement of the lettuce variations specialized in leaf character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yanan Tong
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China.
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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15
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Wang J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Li J, Tang F, Liu Y, Zhao S, Hu J, Song X, Lu MZ. PagGRF12a interacts with PagGIF1b to regulate secondary xylem development through modulating PagXND1a expression in Populus alba × P. glandulosa. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1683-1694. [PMID: 33913591 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are important regulators of plant development and growth, but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain unclear. Here, we report that Populus alba × Papulus glandulosa PagGRF12a negatively regulates xylem development in poplar. PagGRF12a is expressed in vascular tissues. Compared to non-transgenic control plants, transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagGRF12a exhibited reduced xylem width and plants with repressed expression of PagGRF12a exhibited increased xylem width. Xylem NAC domain 1 (XND1) encodes a NAC domain transcription factor that regulates xylem development and transcriptional analyses revealed that PagXND1a is highly upregulated in PagGRF12a-overexpressing plants and downregulated in PagGRF12a-suppressed plants, indicating that PagGRF12a may regulate xylem development through PagXND1a. Transient transcriptional assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed that PagGRF12a directly upregulates PagXND1a. In addition, PagGRF12a interacts with the GRF-Interacting Factor (GIF) PagGIF1b, and this interaction enhances the effects of PagGRF12a on PagXND1a. Our results indicate that PagGRF12a inhibits xylem development by upregulating the expression of PagXND1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shutang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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16
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Molecular Cloning, Transcriptional Profiling, Subcellular Localization, and miRNA-Binding Site Analysis of Six SCL9 Genes in Poplar. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071338. [PMID: 34208997 PMCID: PMC8309000 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SCL9 subfamily is a key member of the GRAS family that regulates plant development and stress responses. Nevertheless, the functional role of these genes in the growth and development of poplar still unclear. Here, we reported the six SCL9 genes, which were found to be differentially expressed during poplar adventitious root formation. The full-length sequences of PeSCL9 genes of ‘Nanlin895’ poplar (Populus deltoids × Populus euramericana) were cloned by the RACE technique All PeSCL9 genes lacked introns. RT-qPCR revealed that PeSCL9 genes displayed a dynamic expression pattern in the adventitious root of poplar, according to RT-qPCR data. A series of comprehensive genes characteristics analysis were carried out for six genes by bioinformation. Meanwhile, transient expression analysis of the Populus protoplasts showed that all the PeSCL9 proteins were localized in the nucleus. In addition, the degradome and sRNA of ‘Nanlin895’ poplar in combination were used to predict miRNAs that regulate PeSCL9. It was found that miR396a and miR396c may affect PeSCL9 expression via cleavage, which was further verified by a transient expression experiment in Populus protoplasts. Overall, the development of poplar adventitious root and other tissues was closely related to these six SCL9 genes, and they serve as a starting point for further research into the mechanisms regulating poplar growth and development.
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