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He L, Liu Q, Han S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Carboxypeptidase-like Genes in Soybean and Their Roles in Stress Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6712. [PMID: 38928417 PMCID: PMC11203753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) gene family plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response through activities such as acyltransferases in plant secondary metabolism pathways. Although SCPL genes have been identified in various plant species, their specific functions and characteristics in soybean (Glycine max) have not yet been studied. We identified and characterized 73 SCPL genes, grouped into three subgroups based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. These genes are distributed unevenly across 20 soybean chromosomes and show varied codon usage patterns influenced by both mutation and selection pressures. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment suggests these genes are involved in plant cell wall regulation and stress responses. Expression analysis in various tissues and under stress conditions, including the presence of numerous stress-related cis-acting elements, indicated that these genes have varied expression patterns. This suggests that they play specialized roles such as modulating plant defense mechanisms against nematode infections, enhancing tolerance to drought and high salinity, and responding to cold stress, thereby helping soybean adapt to environmental stresses. Moreover, the expression of specific GmSCPLs was significantly affected following exposure to nematode infection, drought, high salt (NaCl), and cold stresses. Our findings underscore the potential of SCPL genes in enhancing stress resistance in soybean, providing a valuable resource for future genetic improvement and breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shaojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Guo G, Pan B, Gong C, Wang S, Liu J, Gao C, Diao W. Transcriptional Comparison Reveals Differential Resistance Mechanisms between CMV-Resistant PBC688 and CMV-Susceptible G29. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:731. [PMID: 38927667 PMCID: PMC11202605 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) presents a significant threat to pepper cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. We conducted a transcriptional comparative study between CMV-resistant (PBC688) and -susceptible (G29) pepper accessions to understand the mechanisms of CMV resistance. PBC688 effectively suppressed CMV proliferation and spread, while G29 exhibited higher viral accumulation. A transcriptome analysis revealed substantial differences in gene expressions between the two genotypes, particularly in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, MAP kinase, ribosomes, and photosynthesis. In G29, the resistance to CMV involved key genes associated with calcium-binding proteins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and disease resistance. However, in PBC688, the crucial genes contributing to CMV resistance were ribosomal and chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. Hormone signal transduction pathways, such as ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), displayed distinct expression patterns, suggesting that CMV resistance in peppers is associated with ET and ABA. These findings deepen our understanding of CMV resistance in peppers, facilitating future research and variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiping Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (G.G.); (B.P.); (C.G.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (C.G.)
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3
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Huang S, Wang C, Ding Z, Zhao Y, Dai J, Li J, Huang H, Wang T, Zhu M, Feng M, Ji Y, Zhang Z, Tao X. A plant NLR receptor employs ABA central regulator PP2C-SnRK2 to activate antiviral immunity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3205. [PMID: 38615015 PMCID: PMC11016096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Defence against pathogens relies on intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) in plants. Hormone signaling including abscisic acid (ABA) pathways are activated by NLRs and play pivotal roles in defence against different pathogens. However, little is known about how hormone signaling pathways are activated by plant immune receptors. Here, we report that a plant NLR Sw-5b mimics the behavior of the ABA receptor and directly employs the ABA central regulator PP2C-SnRK2 complex to activate an ABA-dependent defence against viral pathogens. PP2C4 interacts with and constitutively inhibits SnRK2.3/2.4. Behaving in a similar manner as the ABA receptor, pathogen effector ligand recognition triggers the conformational change of Sw-5b NLR that enables binding to PP2C4 via the NB domain. This receptor-PP2C4 binding interferes with the interaction between PP2C4 and SnRK2.3/2.4, thereby releasing SnRK2.3/2.4 from PP2C4 inhibition to activate an ABA-specific antiviral immunity. These findings provide important insights into the activation of hormone signaling pathways by plant immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Haining Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tongkai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingfeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
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Chen L, Yang J, Hu H, Jiang Y, Feng L, Liu J, Zhong K, Liu P, Ma Y, Chen M, Yang J. Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis in wheat seedling leaves provides evidence for extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins during CWMV infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:532. [PMID: 37914991 PMCID: PMC10621099 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) often causes severe damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield. It is well known that a successful infection in plants depends on a complex interaction between the host plant and the pathogen. Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is considered to be one of the main processes that decides the outcome of the plant-pathogen arms race during this interaction. Although numerous studies have investigated PTM in various organisms, there has been no large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of virus-infected wheat plants. We therefore aimed to investigate the CWMV infection-induced phosphoproteomics changes in wheat by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) using affinity-enriched peptides followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Through this study, a total of 4095 phosphorylation sites have been identified in 1968 proteins, and 11.6% of the phosphorylated proteins exhibited significant changes (PSPCs) in their phosphorylation levels upon CWMV infection. The result of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that most of the PSPCs were associated with photosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, and MAPK signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis result showed that these PSPCs were mainly participated in the regulation of biosynthesis and metabolism, protein kinase activities, and transcription factors. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of TaChi1 and TaP5CS, two plant immunity-related enzymes, were significantly changed upon CWMV infection, resulting in a significant decrease in CWMV accumulation in the infected plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that phosphorylation modification of protein plays a critical role in wheat resistance to CWMV infection. Upon CWMV infection, wheat plants will regulate the levels of extra- and intra-cellular signals and modifications of enzyme activities via protein phosphorylation. This novel information about the strategies used by wheat to resist CWMV infection will help researchers to breed new CWMV-resistant cultivars and to better understand the arms race between wheat and CWMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lixiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Hoffmann G, Shukla A, López-González S, Hafrén A. Cauliflower mosaic virus disease spectrum uncovers novel susceptibility factor NCED9 in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4751-4764. [PMID: 37249342 PMCID: PMC10433934 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are intimately linked with their hosts and especially dependent on gene-for-gene interactions to establish successful infections. On the host side, defence mechanisms such as tolerance and resistance can occur within the same species, leading to differing virus accumulation in relation to symptomology and plant fitness. The identification of novel resistance genes against viruses and susceptibility factors is an important part of understanding viral patho-genesis and securing food production. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana displays a wide symptom spectrum in response to RNA virus infections, and unbiased genome-wide association studies have proven a powerful tool to identify novel disease-genes. In this study we infected natural accessions of A. thaliana with the pararetrovirus cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) to study the phenotypic variations between accessions and their correlation with virus accumulation. Through genome-wide association mapping of viral accumulation differences, we identified several susceptibility factors for CaMV, the strongest of which was the abscisic acid synthesis gene NCED9. Further experiments confirmed the importance of abscisic acid homeostasis and its disruption for CaMV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Hoffmann
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aayushi Shukla
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia López-González
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hafrén
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Lv L, Guo X, Zhao A, Liu Y, Li H, Chen X. Combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of wheat kernels reveals constitutive defense mechanism against maize weevils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147145. [PMID: 37229118 PMCID: PMC10204651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) is one of the most destructive pests that seriously affects the quantity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little is known about the constitutive defense mechanism of wheat kernels against maize weevils. In this study, we obtained a highly resistant variety RIL-116 and a highly susceptible variety after two years of screening. The morphological observations and germination rates of wheat kernels after feeding ad libitum showed that the degree of infection in RIL-116 was far less than that in RIL-72. The combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of RIL-116 and RIL-72 wheat kernels revealed differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly enriched in flavonoids biosynthesis-related pathway, followed by glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Several flavonoids metabolites were significantly up-accumulated in resistant variety RIL-116. In addition, the expression of structural genes and transcription factors (TFs) related to flavonoids biosynthesis were up-regulated to varying degrees in RIL-116 than RIL-72. Taken together, these results indicated that the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids contributes the most to wheat kernels defense against maize weevils. This study not only provides insights into the constitutive defense mechanism of wheat kernels against maize weevils, but may also play an important role in the breeding of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Li
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xiyong Chen,
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7
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Yang Z, Tan P, Huang Z, Sun Z, Liu Z, Liu L, Zeng C, Tong J, Yan M. Metabolic profiles in the xylem sap of Brassica juncea exposed to cadmium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13886. [PMID: 36862032 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiles in xylem sap are considered a fundamental mechanism for Cadmium (Cd) detoxification in plants. However, the metabolic mechanism of Brassica juncea xylem sap in response to Cd is still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects on the metabolomics of B. juncea xylem sap treated with Cd at different times by utilizing a nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics method for further elucidating the response mechanism of Cd exposure. The findings indicated that 48 h and 7 days Cd exposure caused significant differences in metabolic profiles of the B. juncea xylem sap. Those differential metabolites are primarily involved in amino acids, organic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, and most of them were downregulated, which played essential roles in response to Cd stress. Furthermore, B. juncea xylem sap resisted 48-h Cd exposure via regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism, carbon metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, and pyrimidine metabolism; whereas alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation were regulated for resisting 7-day Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Piaopiao Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chaozhen Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Jiang X, Walker BJ, He SY, Hu J. The role of photorespiration in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125945. [PMID: 36818872 PMCID: PMC9928950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple cellular compartments and links primary metabolisms, plays important roles in defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, is a crucial signaling molecule in plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration and defense hormone biosynthesis, and other mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding of the relationship between plant immunity and photorespiration may provide a much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize photosynthesis without negative tradeoffs in plant immunity, especially because the photorespiratory pathway has become a major target for genetic engineering with the goal to increase photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jiang
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Rapid, Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Two Wheat RNA Viruses Using Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA). LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121952. [PMID: 36556317 PMCID: PMC9788578 DOI: 10.3390/life12121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In China, wheat yellow mosaic disease is mostly caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV). If wheat is co-infected with these two viruses, it can cause severe yellow mosaic symptoms and yield losses. Early detection of viruses is crucial for preventing disease in the field. In this study, we optimized a sensitive, specific reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) detection method for two viruses, WYMV and CWMV. Two sets of primers were designed based on the capsid protein (CP)-encoding genes of the two viruses, and the reaction conditions were determined. The RT-RPA method, which amplified the target amplicon by a handheld reaction mixture for 20 min, was more sensitive than PCR-CP in the detection of WYMV. Finally, the RT-RPA method was performed on 110 randomly selected field samples, demonstrating its applicability to samples from different regions and specificity for co-infected samples. This study not only describes an improved method for detecting WYMV and CWMV using RT-RPA but also demonstrates the potential of this method, which could be applied under field conditions.
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Ramulifho E, Rey MEC. Proteome Mapping of South African Cassava Mosaic Virus-Infected Susceptible and Tolerant Landraces of Cassava. Proteomes 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34842800 PMCID: PMC8628908 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of cassava is threatened by the geminivirus South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), which causes cassava mosaic disease. Cassava landrace TME3 shows tolerance to SACMV, while T200 is highly susceptible. This study aimed to identify the leaf proteome involved in anti-viral defence. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified 2682 (54 differentially expressed) and 2817 (206 differentially expressed) proteins in both landraces at systemic infection (32 days post infection) and symptom recovery (67 days post infection), respectively. Differences in the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two landraces were observed. Gene ontology analysis showed that defence-associated pathways such as the chloroplast, proteasome, and ribosome were overrepresented at 67 days post infection (dpi) in SACMV-tolerant TME3. At 67 dpi, a high percentage (56%) of over-expressed proteins were localized in the chloroplast in TME3 compared to T200 (31% under-expressed), proposing that chloroplast proteins play a role in tolerance in TME3. Ribosomal_L7Ae domain-containing protein (Manes.12G139100) was over-expressed uniquely in TME3 at 67 dpi and interacts with the ribosomal protein Sac52 (RPL10). RPL10 is a known key player in the NIK1-mediated effector triggered immunity (ETI) response to geminivirus infection, indicating a possible role for Sac52 in SACMV recovery in TME3. In conclusion, differential protein expression responses in TME3 and T200 may be key to unravel tolerance to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelwani Ramulifho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
- Germplasm Development, Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Christine Rey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
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