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Liu M, Wang Z, Qin C, Cao H, Kong L, Liu T, Jiang S, Ma L, Liu X, Ren W, Ma W. Cloning, Expression Characteristics of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Gene from Platycodon grandiflorus and Functional Identification in Triterpenoid Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11429-11437. [PMID: 38738769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus is a medicinal plant whose main component is platycodins, which have a variety of pharmacological effects and nutritional values. The farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, which catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). In this study, we cloned the FPS gene from P. grandiflorus (PgFPS) with an ORF of 1260 bp, encoding 419 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight and theoretical pI of 46,200.98 Da and 6.52, respectively. The squalene content of overexpressed PgFPS in tobacco leaves and yeast cells extract was 1.88-fold and 1.21-fold higher than that of the control group, respectively, and the total saponin content was also increased by 1.15 times in yeast cells extract, which verified the biological function of PgFPS in terpenoid synthesis. After 48 h of MeJA treatment and 6 h of ethephon treatment, the expression of the PgFPS gene in roots and stems reached its peak, showing a 3.125-fold and 3.236-fold increase compared to the untreated group, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of the PgFPS gene in leaves showed a decreasing trend after exogenous elicitors treatment. The discovery of this enzyme will provide a novel perspective for enhancing the efficient synthesis of platycodins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiyan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tingxia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lengleng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Xie Z, Wu J, Tang W, Liu Y. Advancing image segmentation with DBO-Otsu: Addressing rubber tree diseases through enhanced threshold techniques. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297284. [PMID: 38512907 PMCID: PMC10956860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the profound impact of Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) on yield and quality in the global rubber industry, this study introduces a cutting-edge Otsu threshold segmentation technique, enhanced by Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO-Otsu). This innovative approach optimizes the segmentation threshold combination by accelerating convergence and diversifying search methodologies. Following initial segmentation, TPD severity levels are meticulously assessed using morphological characteristics, enabling precise determination of optimal thresholds for final segmentation. The efficacy of DBO-Otsu is rigorously evaluated against mainstream benchmarks like Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and Feature Similarity Index (FSIM), and compared with six contemporary swarm intelligence algorithms. The findings reveal that DBO-Otsu substantially surpasses its counterparts in image segmentation quality and processing speed. Further empirical analysis on a dataset comprising TPD cases from level 1 to 5 underscores the algorithm's practical utility, achieving an impressive 80% accuracy in severity level identification and underscoring its potential for TPD image segmentation and recognition tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Xie
- Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jinran Wu
- Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Weirui Tang
- Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yongna Liu
- Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
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Longsaward R, Viboonjun U. Genome-wide identification of rubber tree pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) proteins with biological relevance to plant defense. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1072. [PMID: 38212354 PMCID: PMC10784482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) is a group of small intracellular proteins that is one of 17 subclasses of pathogenesis-related proteins in plants. The PR-10 proteins have been studied extensively and are well-recognized for their contribution to host defense against phytopathogens in several plant species. Interestingly, the accumulation of PR-10 proteins in the rubber tree, one of the most economically important crops worldwide, after being infected by pathogenic organisms has only recently been reported. In this study, the homologous proteins of the PR-10 family were systemically identified from the recently available rubber tree genomes in the NCBI database. The sequence compositions, structural characteristics, protein physical properties, and phylogenetic relationships of identified PR-10 proteins in rubber trees support their classification into subgroups, which mainly consist of Pru ar 1-like major allergens and major latex-like (MLP) proteins. The rubber tree PR10-encoding genes were majorly clustered on chromosome 15. The potential roles of rubber tree PR-10 proteins are discussed based on previous reports. The homologous proteins in the PR-10 family were identified in the recent genomes of rubber trees and were shown to be crucial in host responses to biotic challenges. The genome-wide identification conducted here will accelerate the future study of rubber tree PR-10 proteins. A better understanding of these defense-related proteins may contribute to alternative ways of developing rubber tree clones with desirable traits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawit Longsaward
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Guo B, Liu M, Yang H, Dai L, Wang L. Brassinosteroids Regulate the Water Deficit and Latex Yield of Rubber Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12857. [PMID: 37629038 PMCID: PMC10454136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BR) is an important plant hormone that regulates the growth and development of plants and the formation of yield. The yield and quality of latex from Hevea brasiliensis are regulated by phytohormones. The understanding of gene network regulation mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees is still very limited. In this research, the rubber tree variety CATAS73397 was selected to analyze the relationship between BR, water deficit resistance, and latex yield. The results showed that BR improves the vitality of rubber trees under water deficit by increasing the rate of photosynthesis, reducing the seepage of osmotic regulatory substances, increasing the synthesis of energy substances, and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, BR increased the yield and quality of latex by reducing the plugging index and elevating the lutoid bursting index without decreasing mercaptan, sucrose, and inorganic phosphorus. This was confirmed by an increased expression of genes related to latex flow. RNA-seq analysis further indicated that DEG encoded proteins were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and sucrose metabolism. Phytohormone content displayed significant differences, in that trans-Zeatin, ethylene, salicylic acid, kinetin, and cytokinin were induced by BR, whereas auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were not. In summary, the current research lays a foundation for comprehending the molecular mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees and explores the potential candidate genes involved in natural rubber biosynthesis to provide useful information for further research in relevant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (B.G.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (L.D.)
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Duan Q, Li GR, Qu YP, Yin DX, Zhang CL, Chen YS. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Supergene Family in Euphorbiaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:808279. [PMID: 35360301 PMCID: PMC8963715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.808279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae, a family of plants mainly grown in the tropics and subtropics, is also widely distributed all over the world and is well known for being rich in rubber, oil, medicinal materials, starch, wood and other economically important plant products. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a family of proteins encoded by a large supergene family and are widely expressed in animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, but with few reports of them in Euphorbiaceae plants. These proteins participate in and regulate the detoxification and oxidative stress response of heterogeneous organisms, resistance to stress, growth and development, signal transduction and other related processes. In this study, we identified and analyzed the whole genomes of four species of Euphorbiaceae, namely Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, Hevea brasiliensis, and Manihot esculenta, which have high economic and practical value. A total of 244 GST genes were identified. Based on their sequence characteristics and conserved domain types, the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae was classified into 10 subfamilies. The GST supergene families of Euphorbiaceae and Arabidopsis have been found to be highly conserved in evolution, and tandem repeats and translocations in these genes have made the greatest contributions to gene amplification here and have experienced strong purification selection. An evolutionary analysis showed that Euphorbiaceae GST genes have also evolved into new subtribes (GSTO, EF1BG, MAPEG), which may play a specific role in Euphorbiaceae. An analysis of expression patterns of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae revealed the functions of these GSTs in different tissues, including resistance to stress and participation in herbicide detoxification. In addition, an interaction analysis was performed to determine the GST gene regulatory mechanism. The results of this study have laid a foundation for further analysis of the functions of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae, especially in stress and herbicide detoxification. The results have also provided new ideas for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the GST supergene family, and have provided a reference for follow-up genetics and breeding work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Duan
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Peng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
| | - Dong-Xue Yin
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, China
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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