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Liao W, Wen Y, Yang S, Duan Y, Liu Z. Research progress and perspectives of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35490. [PMID: 37861505 PMCID: PMC10589574 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find common targets for precision therapy, as there are no effective preventive therapeutic measures for combined clinical heart-brain organ protection and common pathways associated with glutamate receptors are involved in heart-brain injury, but current glutamate receptor-related clinical trials have failed. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological condition that occurs in multiple organs, including the heart and brain, and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IRI. NMDAR activity is mainly regulated by endogenous activators, agonists, antagonists, and voltage-gated channels, and activation leads to excessive calcium influx, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis in ischemic cells. In this review, we summarize current research advances regarding the role of NMDAR in myocardial and cerebral IRI and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to modulate NMDAR signaling to prevent and treat IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuehui Wen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaochun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Heart Medical Centre, First Affiliated of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Heart Medical Centre, First Affiliated of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Huang Y, Omorou M, Gao M, Mu C, Xu W, Xu H. Hydrogen sulfide and its donors for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114506. [PMID: 36906977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous gas signalling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is frequently present in a variety of mammals and plays a significant role in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in large quantities as a result of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, which is a very serious class of cerebrovascular diseases. ROS cause oxidative stress and induce specific gene expression that results in apoptosis. H2S reduces cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced secondary injury via anti-oxidative stress injury, suppression of the inflammatory response, inhibition of apoptosis, attenuation of cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury, modulation of autophagy, and antagonism of P2X7 receptors, and it plays an important biological role in other cerebral ischaemic injury events. Despite the many limitations of the hydrogen sulfide therapy delivery strategy and the difficulty in controlling the ideal concentration, relevant experimental evidence demonstrating that H2S plays an excellent neuroprotective role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). This paper examines the synthesis and metabolism of the gas molecule H2S in the brain as well as the molecular mechanisms of H2S donors in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury and possibly other unknown biological functions. With the active development in this field, it is expected that this review will assist researchers in their search for the potential value of hydrogen sulfide and provide new ideas for preclinical trials of exogenous H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Huang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Moussa Omorou
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chenxi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weijing Xu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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Montanaro R, Vellecco V, Torregrossa R, Casillo GM, Manzo OL, Mitidieri E, Bucci M, Castaldo S, Sorrentino R, Whiteman M, Smimmo M, Carriero F, Terrazzano G, Cirino G, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Brancaleone V. Hydrogen sulfide donor AP123 restores endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in hyperglycemia via a CREB-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102657. [PMID: 36913800 PMCID: PMC10025109 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with severe vascular complications involving the impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) activity. eNOS function is suppressed in hyperglycaemic conditions, resulting in reduced NO bioavailability, which is paralleled by reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here we have addressed the molecular basis of the interplay between the eNOS and CSE pathways. We tested the impact of H2S replacement by using the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP123 in isolated vessels and cultured endothelial cells in high glucose (HG) environment, at concentrations not causing any vasoactive effect per se. Aorta exposed to HG displayed a marked reduction of acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasorelaxation that was restored by the addition of AP123 (10 nM). In HG condition, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) showed reduced NO levels, downregulation of eNOS expression, and suppression of CREB activation (p-CREB). Similar results were obtained by treating BAEC with propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of CSE. AP123 treatment rescued eNOS expression, as well as NO levels, and restored p-CREB expression in both the HG environment and the presence of PAG. This effect was mediated by a PI3K-dependent activity since wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) blunted the rescuing effects operated by the H2S donor. Experiments performed in the aorta of CSE-/- mice confirmed that reduced levels of H2S not only negatively affect the CREB pathway but also impair Ach-induced vasodilation, significantly ameliorated by AP123. We have demonstrated that the endothelial dysfunction due to HG involves H2S/PI3K/CREB/eNOS route, thus highlighting a novel aspect of the H2S/NO interplay in the vasoactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Onorina Laura Manzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sigismondo Castaldo
- U.O.C.Ricerca Formazione & Cooperazione Internazionale, A.O.R.N." Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Martina Smimmo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hydrogen Sulphide-Based Therapeutics for Neurological Conditions: Perspectives and Challenges. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1981-1996. [PMID: 36764968 PMCID: PMC10182124 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-related conditions are currently the leading cause of disability worldwide, posing a significant burden to health systems, individuals and their families. Although the molecular mechanisms implicated in these disorders may be varied, neurological conditions have been increasingly associated with inflammation and/or impaired oxidative response leading to further neural cell damages. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting these defective molecular mechanisms have been vastly explored. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as a modulator of both inflammation and oxidative stress with a neuroprotective role, therefore, has gained interest in the treatment of neurological disorders. H2S, produced by endogenous sources, is maintained at low levels in the CNS. However, defects in the biosynthetic and catabolic routes for H2S metabolism have been identified in CNS-related disorders. Approaches to restore H2S availability using H2S-donating compounds have been recently explored in many models of neurological conditions. Nonetheless, we still need to elucidate the potential for these compounds not only to ameliorate defective biological routes, but also to better comprehend the implications on H2S delivery, dosage regimes and feasibility to successfully target CNS tissues. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of H2S-dependent restoration of neurological functions in different models of CNS disease whilst summarising current administration approaches for these H2S-based compounds. We also address existing barriers in H2S donor delivery by showcasing current advances in mediating these constrains through novel biomaterial-based carriers for H2S donors.
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Zheng K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Ye W, Ye C, Tan X, Xiong Y. PRMT8 Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulating Microglia Activation and Polarization to Suppress Neuroinflammation by Upregulating Lin28a. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1096-1104. [PMID: 35275616 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation and polarization of microglia are involved in neuroinflammation and regulate ischemic stroke-associated brain injury. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 functions as a regulatory component of hypoxic stress-induced neuroinflammation. The protective effect of protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) against ischemic stroke-associated brain injury through regulation of microglia activation and polarization was investigated. First, PRMT8 was downregulated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y. Injection with AAV-PRMT8 reduced infarct volumes in MCAO-induced mice. Moreover, injection with AAV-PRMT8 promoted neuronal survival and ameliorated histopathological changes in the brains of MCAO-induced mice. The neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in MCAO-induced mice were suppressed by AAV-PRMT8 injection. Second, PRMT8 overexpression increased cell viability and suppressed the cell apoptosis and inflammation of OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y. Third, injection with AAV-PRMT8 reduced almost 50% of CD86 + M1 microglia and enhanced about 20% of CD206 + M2 microglia. Furthermore, PRMT8 overexpression attenuated OGD/R-induced M1 phenotype polarization of BV2. Lastly, PRMT8 upregulated Lin28a and loss of Lin28a attenuated PRMT8 overexpression-induced increase in cell viability and decrease in cell apoptosis and inflammation of OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y. In conclusion, PRMT8 promoted M2 phenotype polarization of microglia and suppressed neuronal apoptosis to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of Lin28a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wangyang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chenxing Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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Głowacka U, Magierowska K, Wójcik D, Hankus J, Szetela M, Cieszkowski J, Korbut E, Danielak A, Surmiak M, Chmura A, Wallace JL, Magierowski M. Microbiome Profile and Molecular Pathways Alterations in Gastrointestinal Tract by Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (ATB-352): Insight into Possible Safer Polypharmacy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:189-210. [PMID: 33678013 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ketoprofen, induce adverse effects within the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an antioxidative gaseous mediator contributing to GI-protection. We aimed to evaluate the GI safety of a novel H2S-releasing derivative of ketoprofen (ATB-352) versus classic ketoprofen and the molecular mechanisms of their activity after chronic treatment in experimental animal models. Results: Ketoprofen (10 mg/kg/day) administered intragastrically for 7 days in contrast with ATB-352 (14 mg/kg/day) reduced mucosal H2S content inducing GI damage with significantly increased injury score, altered intestinal microbiome profile, and modulation of more than 50% of 36 investigated molecular sensors (e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin or suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [SOCS3]). Polypharmacy with aspirin (10 mg/kg/day) enhanced ketoprofen toxicity not affecting GI safety of ATB-352. Omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) decreased ketoprofen-induced injury to the level of ATB-352 alone. Both compounds combined or not with aspirin or omeprazole maintained the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity manifested by decreased prostaglandin production. Innovation and Conclusions: Ketoprofen-induced H2S-production decrease and intestinal microbiome profile alterations lead to GI toxicity observed on macro-/microscopic and molecular levels. Ketoprofen but not ATB-352 requires concomitant treatment with omeprazole to eliminate GI adverse effects. ATB-352 applied alone or in a polypharmacy setting with aspirin effectively inhibited COX and maintained GI safety due to H2S-release. Neither compound affected DNA oxidation in the GI mucosa, but ATB-352 had lower impact on molecular oxidative/inflammatory response pathways and intestinal microbiome. The GI safety of ATB-352 could be due to the involvement of heme oxygenase 1 and SOCS3 pathway activation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 189-210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Głowacka
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hankus
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szetela
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Corey S, Abraham DI, Kaneko Y, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Selective endovascular cooling for stroke entails brain-derived neurotrophic factor and splenic IL-10 modulation. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146380. [PMID: 31415765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke poses a serious health and economic burden, and the lack of treatment options necessitates a viable therapy. Hypothermia represents a promising stroke therapy, yet side effects of full-body cooling, such as pneumonia, limit its clinical application. Selective endovascular cooling (SEC), via infusion of cold saline through the intraarterial artery, represents an attractive alternative by locally cooling the brain while preserving body temperature. However, the mechanisms underlying SEC are poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely recognized promotor of neuroplasticity and biomarker of stroke outcomes, as well as its association with inflammation, such as IL-10. Stroke-induced neuroinflammation exacerbates damage and stems from peripheral organs, namely the spleen. The spleen has emerged as a therapeutic target for stroke, yet the effect of SEC on the splenic inflammatory response is unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the local and peripheral mechanisms driving SEC as a neuroprotective stroke therapy by examining brain BDNF and splenic IL-10 expression. Animals that received SEC prior to stroke displayed elevated brain BDNF expression ipsilaterally and contralaterally across the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. SEC also upregulated splenic IL-10, suggesting alteration of the peripheral inflammatory response. The oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro model of stroke further demonstrated that "cold" rat splenocytes protected rat primary neurons by upregulating BDNF and IL-10. Altogether these data support BDNF- and IL-10-based mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of SEC therapy for stroke, and further advance the concept of exploiting the pathological link between brain and spleen as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Corey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Diego Incontri Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Jung H, Choi EK, Baek SI, Cho C, Jin Y, Kwak KH, Jeon Y, Park SS, Kim S, Lim DG. The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819853651. [PMID: 31191188 PMCID: PMC6542129 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819853651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an organ-protective maneuver from subsequent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by application of brief ischemia and reperfusion to other organs, its mechanism remains unclear. However, it is known that RIPC reduces the heart, brain, and liver IRI, and that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the mechanism of this effect. To identify the role of NO in the protective effect of RIPC in renal IRI, this study examined renal function, oxidative status, and histopathological changes using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor. Remote ischemic preconditioning was produced by 3 cycles of 5 minutes ischemia and 5 minutes reperfusion. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), and renal tissue malondialdehyde levels were lower, histopathological damage was less severe, and superoxide dismutase level was higher in the RIPC + IRI group than in the IRI group. The renoprotective effect was reversed by L-NAME. Obtained results suggest that RIPC before renal IRI contributes to improvement of renal function, increases antioxidative marker levels, and decreases oxidative stress marker levels and histopathological damage. Moreover, NO is likely to play an important role in this protective effect of RIPC on renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ik Baek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehun Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sioh Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Wetzel MD, Wenke JC. Mechanisms by which hydrogen sulfide attenuates muscle function following ischemia-reperfusion injury: effects on Akt signaling, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. J Transl Med 2019; 17:33. [PMID: 30665344 PMCID: PMC6340183 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury is caused by a period of ischemia followed by massive blood flow into a tissue that had experienced restricted blood flow. The severity of the injury is dependent on the time the tissue was restricted from blood flow, becoming more severe after longer ischemia times. This can lead to many complications such as tissue necrosis, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, and even organ failure. One of the emerging therapies to combat ischemic reperfusion injury complications is hydrogen sulfide, which is a gasotransmitter that diffuses across cell membranes to exert effects on various signaling pathways regulating cell survival such as Akt, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis. Although commonly thought of as a toxic gas, low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide have been shown to be beneficial in promoting tissue survival post-ischemia, and modulate a wide variety of cellular responses. This review will detail the mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in affecting the Akt signaling pathway, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis, particularly in regards to ischemic reperfusion injury in muscle tissue. It will conclude with potential clinical applications of hydrogen sulfide, combinations with other therapies, and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wetzel
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel signaling molecule most recently found to be of fundamental importance in cellular function as a regulator of apoptosis, inflammation, and perfusion. Mechanisms of endogenous H2S signaling are poorly understood; however, signal transmission is thought to occur via persulfidation at reactive cysteine residues on proteins. Although much has been discovered about how H2S is synthesized in the body, less is known about how it is metabolized. Recent studies have discovered a multitude of different targets for H2S therapy, including those related to protein modification, intracellular signaling, and ion channel depolarization. The most difficult part of studying hydrogen sulfide has been finding a way to accurately and reproducibly measure it. The purpose of this review is to: elaborate on the biosynthesis and catabolism of H2S in the human body, review current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of this gas in relation to ischemic injury, define strategies for physiological measurement of H2S in biological systems, and review potential novel therapies that use H2S for treatment.
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11
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Ji LL, Peng JB, Fu CH, Tong L, Wang ZY. Sigma-1 receptor activation ameliorates anxiety-like behavior through NR2A-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in a rat model submitted to single-prolonged stress. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4987-4993. [PMID: 28791385 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the σ-1 receptor (σ‑1R) possesses neuroprotective effects and is a potential novel therapeutic target for certain psychiatric diseases, including post‑traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accompanied with anxiety disorder. It has been reported that σ‑1R agonist treatment could be modulated by the brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. However, it remains unclear whether BDNF and its upstream regulator are mechanistically involved in the therapeutic effect of σ‑1R in PTSD. To address this question, rats were subjected to a single‑prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm and σ‑1R agonist administration. Open‑field and elevated plus maze tests were implemented to evaluate the effect of σ‑1R activation on the improvement of anxiety‑like behaviors. Furthermore, the expression levels of BDNF, phosphorylated cAMP responsive element‑binding protein (CREB) and glutamate receptor ionotropic N‑methyl D‑aspartate 2A (NMDAR2A) were investigated in the hippocampi of rats. It was revealed that the downregulation of BDNF, phosphorylated CREB and NMDAR2A induced by SPS were reversed by σ‑1R activation. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that the NMDAR2A/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway is involved in the activation of σ‑1R resulting in therapeutic effects for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Bo Peng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hai Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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Guo C, Ma Y, Ma S, Mu F, Deng J, Duan J, Xiong L, Yin Y, Wang Y, Xi M, Wen A. The Role of TRPC6 in the Neuroprotection of Calycosin Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3039. [PMID: 28596571 PMCID: PMC5465205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have provided evidences that calycosin can protect the brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its mechanisms is not fully understand. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) has a critical role in promoting neuronal survival against cerebral ischemic injury. The aim of the present study is to test whether calycosin protects against cerebral ischemic injury through TRPC6-CREB pathway. In vivo, rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and then treated with different doses of calycosin at the onset of reperfusion. In vitro, primary cultured neurons were treated by calycosin, then exposed to 2 h oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 h reoxygenation. Our results showed that treatment with calycosin protected against ischemia-induced damages by increasing TRPC6 and P-CREB expression and inhibiting calpain activation. The neuroprotection effect of calycosin was diminished by inhibition or knockdown of TRPC6 and CREB. These findings indicated that the potential neuroprotection mechanism of calycosin was involved with TRPC6-CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yongyuan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Shanbo Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Miaomaio Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China.
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13
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Kumar M, Modi M, Sandhir R. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates homocysteine-induced cognitive deficits and neurochemical alterations by improving endogenous hydrogen sulfide levels. Biofactors 2017; 43:434-450. [PMID: 28394038 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been suggested to be an endogenous modulator of neuronal functions. However, the effect and mechanisms involved in beneficial effect of H2 S has not been investigated in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced cognitive deficits. This study has been designed to evaluate the effect of exogenous H2 S on behavioral deficits and neurochemical alterations in HHcy animals. Hcy levels were significantly elevated in plasma, cortex, and hippocampus of Hcy administered animals. A progressive decline in memory functions and increased anxiolytic behavior was observed in HHcy animals. This was accompanied by decrease in endogenous H2 S levels along with decreased activity of cystathionase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). However, a significant increase in CSE and CBS mRNAs was observed. In addition, the catecholamine and serotonin levels were reduced and the activity of monoamine oxidase A and B were increased in brain regions of HHcy animals. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed higher number of pyknotic cells in brain regions of HHcy animals. H2 S administration was found to lower elevated plasma and brain Hcy levels. The activities of CBS, CSE, and levels of H2 S were restored in HHcy animals administered H2 S. Exogenous H2 S also ameliorated behavioral deficits accompanied by significant increase in catecholamines. Histological analysis revealed normal cell morphology in Hcy-treated animals supplemented with H2 S. These results clearly demonstrate that the protective effect of H2 S on Hcy-induced cognitive deficits is mediated through increased catecholamine and H2 S levels thereby suggesting its beneficial role in preventing HHcy-induced neurodegeneration. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):434-450, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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14
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Li T, Wang L, Hu Q, Liu S, Bai X, Xie Y, Zhang T, Bo S, Gao X, Wu S, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Roles of l-Cysteine in Attenuating Early Brain Injury and Improving Synaptic Density via the CBS/H 2S Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurol 2017; 8:176. [PMID: 28512446 PMCID: PMC5411453 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid and substrate for cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the central nervous system. We previously reported that NaHS, an H2S donor, significantly alleviated brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. However, the potential therapeutic value of l-cysteine and the molecular mechanism supporting these beneficial effects have not been determined. This study was designed to investigate whether l-cysteine could attenuate early brain injury following SAH and improve synaptic function by releasing endogenous H2S. Male Wistar rats were subjected to SAH induced by cisterna magna blood injection, and l-cysteine was intracerebroventricularly administered 30 min after SAH induction. Treatment with l-cysteine stimulated CBS activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and H2S production. Moreover, l-cysteine treatment significantly ameliorated brain edema, improved neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the PFC; these effects were associated with a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the suppression of caspase-3 activation 48 h after SAH. Furthermore, l-cysteine treatment activated the CREB-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway and intensified synaptic density by regulating synapse proteins 48 h after SAH. Importantly, all the beneficial effects of l-cysteine in SAH were abrogated by amino-oxyacetic acid, a CBS inhibitor. Based on these findings, l-cysteine may play a neuroprotective role in SAH by inhibiting cell apoptosis, upregulating CREB-BDNF expression, and promoting synaptic structure via the CBS/H2S pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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15
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Oruc S, Gönül Y, Tunay K, Oruc OA, Bozkurt MF, Karavelioğlu E, Bağcıoğlu E, Coşkun KS, Celik S. The antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of crocin pretreatment on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury induced by four vessels occlusion in rats. Life Sci 2016; 154:79-86. [PMID: 27117584 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a process in which oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms play a part. Neuroprotective agents to be found could work out well for the efficient and safe minimization of cerebral IR injury. Crocin is a strong antioxidant agent; however the influence of this agent on the experimental cerebral ischemia model has not been studied extensively and thus it is not well-known. The objective of our study was to investigate the antioxidant, antiapoptotic and protective effects of crocin on the global cerebral IR induced by four-vessel occlusion. MAIN METHODS A total of 30 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally and randomly separated into three groups as follows: sham, IR and IR+crocin (40mg/kg/day orally for 10days). 24h after electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries, bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded for 30min and reperfused for 30min. Oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, OSI), haematoxylin and eosin staining, caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expressions and TUNEL methods were investigated. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant difference between the IR and sham groups by means of OSI level, histopathological scoring, caspase-3, HIF-1α and TUNEL-positive cell parameters. We have also observed that pre-treatment with crocin reduced these parameter levels back to the baseline. SIGNIFICANCE The data obtained from the present study suggest that crocin may exert antiapoptotic, antioxidant and protective effects in IR-mediated brain injury induced by four-vessel occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first study to be conducted in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Oruc
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Yücel Gönül
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kamil Tunay
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oya Akpinar Oruc
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ergün Karavelioğlu
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Erman Bağcıoğlu
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kerem Senol Coşkun
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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16
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Li T, Liu H, Xue H, Zhang J, Han X, Yan S, Bo S, Liu S, Yuan L, Deng L, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Early Brain Injury and Secondary Cognitive Deficits Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:51-63. [PMID: 26822402 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have been demonstrated in several studies, whether H2 S protects against early brain injury (EBI) and secondary cognitive dysfunction in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model remains unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of H2 S on both acute brain injury and neurobehavioral changes as well as the underlying mechanisms after SAH. The H2 S donor, NaHS, was administered via an intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg at 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 46 h after SAH in rat model. The results showed that NaHS treatment significantly improved brain edema and neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the prefrontal cortex, associated with a decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and suppression of caspase-3 activation at 48 h after SAH. NaHS also promoted phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK levels. Furthermore, NaHS treatment significantly enhanced the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-CREB. Importantly, NaHS administration improved learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze test at 7 days post-SAH in rats. These results demonstrated that NaHS, as an exogenous H2 S donor, could significantly alleviate the development of EBI and cognitive dysfunction induced by SAH via Akt/ERK-related antiapoptosis pathway, and upregulating BDNF-CREB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hansen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
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17
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Singh SB, Lin HC. Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiology and Diseases of the Digestive Tract. Microorganisms 2015; 3:866-89. [PMID: 27682122 PMCID: PMC5023273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a Janus-faced molecule. On one hand, several toxic functions have been attributed to H2S and exposure to high levels of this gas is extremely hazardous to health. On the other hand, H2S delivery based clinical therapies are being developed to combat inflammation, visceral pain, oxidative stress related tissue injury, thrombosis and cancer. Since its discovery, H2S has been found to have pleiotropic effects on physiology and health. H2S is a gasotransmitter that exerts its effect on different systems, such as gastrointestinal, neuronal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hepatic systems. In the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to H2S production by mammalian cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), H2S is also generated by the metabolic activity of resident gut microbes, mainly by colonic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) via a dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) pathway. In the gut, H2S regulates functions such as inflammation, ischemia/ reperfusion injury and motility. H2S derived from gut microbes has been found to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome. This underscores the importance of gut microbes and their production of H2S on host physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Henry C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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