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Aziz M, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Khan AW. Interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117615. [PMID: 38917706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, comprise the number one cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributor to CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a low-grade inflammatory disease of vasculature that involves a pathological build-up of plaque within the arterial walls. Studies have shown that regulation of gene expression via transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in transcriptomic changes linked to the development of atherosclerosis. Chromatin remodeling is a reversible phenomenon and studies have supported the clinical application of chromatin-modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition, pre-clinical studies have identified multiple transcription factors as potential therapeutic targets in combating atherosclerotic CVD. Although interaction between transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms facilitate gene regulation, a limited number of studies appreciate this crosstalk in the context of CVD. Here, we reviewed this gene regulatory mechanism underappreciated in atherosclerosis, which will highlight the mechanisms underlying novel therapeutics targeting epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aziz
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Am Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Xia B, Lu Y, Liang J, Li F, Peng J, Wang J, Wan C, Ding J, Le C, Dai J, Guo B, Shen Z. Association of GAL-8 promoter methylation levels with coronary plaque inflammation. Int J Cardiol 2024; 401:131782. [PMID: 38246423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition that carries a high risk of mortality and is associated with aging. CHD is characterized by the chronic inflammatory response of the coronary intima. Recent studies have shown that the methylation level of blood mononuclear cell DNA is closely associated with adverse events in CHD, but the roles and mechanisms of DNA methylation in CHD remain elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the DNA methylation status within the epigenome of human coronary tissue in the sudden coronary death (SCD) group and control (CON) group of coronary heart disease was analyzed using the Illumina® Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip (850 K chip), resulting in the identification of a total of 2553 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). The differentially methylated genes were then subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and significant differential DNA methylation was found. Among the differentially hypomethylated genes were GAL-8, LTF, and RFPL3, while the highly methylated genes were TMEM9B, ANK3, and C6orF48. These genes were mainly enriched in 10 significantly enriched pathways, such as cell adhesion junctions, among which the differentially methylated gene GAL-8 was involved in inflammatory pathway signaling. For functional analysis of GAL-8, we first examined the differences in GAL-8 promoter methylation levels among different subgroups of human coronary tissue in the CON, CHD, and SCD groups using pyrophosphate sequencing. The results revealed reduced GAL-8 promoter methylation levels in the SCD group, while the difference between the CHD and CON groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The reduced GAL-8 promoter methylation level was associated with upregulated GAL-8 expression, which led to increased expression of the inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9. This enhanced inflammatory response contributed to the accumulation of foam cells, thickening of the intima of human coronary arteries, and increased luminal stenosis, which promoted the occurrence of sudden coronary death. Next, we found that GAL-8 promoter methylation levels in PBMC were consistent with human coronary tissue. The unstable angina group (UAP) had significantly lower GAL-8 promoter methylation levels than stable angina (SAP) and healthy controls (CON) (P < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between reduced GAL-8 promoter methylation levels and risk factors for coronary heart disease. These findings highlight the association between decreased GAL-8 promoter methylation and the presence of coronary heart disease risk factors. ROC curve analysis suggests that methylation of the GAL 8 promoter region is an independent risk factor for CHD. In conclusion, our study confirmed differential expression of GAL-8, LTF, MUC4D, TMEM9B, MYOM2, and ANK3 genes due to DNA methylation in the SCD group. We also established the consistency of GAL-8 promoter methylation alterations between human coronary tissue and patient peripheral blood monocytes. The decreased methylation level of the GAL-8 promoter may be related to the increased expression of GAL-8 and the coronary risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, we hypothesized that reduced levels of GAL-8 promoter methylation may be an independent risk factor for adverse events in coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Yanlin Lu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; School of Medicine and Science and Technology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Fangqin Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Changwu Wan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Cuiyun Le
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Jialin Dai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China.
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China.
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Sacco MA, Gualtieri S, Calanna L, Ricci P, Aquila I. Exploring the Potential of Proteome Analysis as a Promising Tool for Evaluation of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in Forensic Settings: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14351. [PMID: 37762655 PMCID: PMC10531952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents a global emergency, with a high number of cases affecting all age groups every year. The prevention of these fatal events requires an accurate knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis, which can vary. Autopsy is an indispensable tool in cases of SCD for diagnostic purposes, as well as for judicial and preventive purposes for family members. Despite the completion of all routine post-mortem investigations, it is often complicated for the forensic pathologist to define the triggering cause of these events. The study of the proteome is proving to be extremely promising in the field of human cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to offer a literature review on the study of the proteome in post-mortem cadaveric biological samples obtained from SCD cases. The aim of this work is to outline the state of the art of the scientific advances that protein analysis can offer in the diagnosis of SCD and the limits that various studies have traced up to now. In conclusion, the work defines the future perspectives of this field in SCD, suggesting strategies to overcome the reported limits and improve the diagnostics of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Aquila
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.A.S.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
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Luo L, Zhao C, Chen N, Dong Y, Li Z, Bai Y, Wu P, Gao C, Guo X. Characterization of global research trends and prospects on sudden coronary death: A literature visualization analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18586. [PMID: 37576229 PMCID: PMC10413084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden coronary death is a major global public health issue that has a significant impact on both individuals and society. Nowadays, scholars are active in sudden coronary death all over the world. However, no relevant bibliometric studies have been published. Here, we aim to gain a better understanding the current state of research and to explore potential new research directions through bibliometric analysis. Methods Articles and reviews on sudden coronary death from 2012 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The topic search was conducted using the following keywords: ((("sudden cardiac death" OR "sudden death") AND (coronary OR "myocardial infarction")) OR "sudden coronary death"). Knowledge maps of authors, countries, institutions, journals, keywords, and citations were conducted by CiteSpace. Publication dynamics, hotspots, and frontiers were analyzed independently by authors. Results A total of 2914 articles were identified from January 1, 2012 to June 20, 2023. The USA (n = 972) contributed the greatest absolute productivity and UK (centrality = 0.13) built a robust global collaboration. Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of publications (n = 143). Huikuri HV and Junttila MJ were the most published authors who devoted to searching for biomarkers of sudden coronary death. American Journal of Cardiology was the journal with the most publications, and Circulation was the most cited journal. Left ventricular ejection fraction, society, inflammation, and fractional flow reserve became novel burst words that lasted until 2023. Research on etiology and pathology, role of early risk factors in risk stratification, potential predictive biomarkers and novel measurement methods for the prevention and management of sudden coronary death were identified as the research hotspots and frontiers. Conclusion Our knowledge and understanding of sudden coronary death have significantly improved. Ongoing efforts should focus on the various etiologies and pathologies of sudden coronary death. Furthermore, a novel sudden coronary death risk model, large-scale population studies, and the rational use of multiple indicators to individualize the assessment of sudden coronary death and other risk factors are other emerging research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Niannian Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiming Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhanpeng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaqin Bai
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cairong Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangjie Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Ke H, Chen Z, Zhao X, Yang C, Luo T, Ou W, Wang L, Liu H. Research progress on activation transcription factor 3: A promising cardioprotective molecule. Life Sci 2023:121869. [PMID: 37355225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding family, can be induced by a variety of stresses. Numerous studies have indicated that ATF3 plays multiple roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiac dysfunctions. In past decades, ATF3 has been demonstrated to be detrimental to some cardiac diseases. Current studies have indicated that ATF3 can function as a cardioprotective molecule in antioxidative stress, lipid metabolic metabolism, energy metabolic regulation, and cell death modulation. To unveil the potential therapeutic role of ATF3 in cardiovascular diseases, we organized this review to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of ATF3 on cardiac dysfunction, which might provide rational evidence for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zexing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuanbin Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen Ou
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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DEL-1 suppression attenuates atherosclerosis by modulating macrophagic GSK-3β/CEBP-β signaling pathway. Int J Cardiol 2023; 376:115-124. [PMID: 36716974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the effect of developmental endothelial locus-1(DEL-1) expression in atherosclerotic plaque formation and its mechanism. METHODS Human left coronary arteries were collected to detect the DEL-1 expression. The ApoE-/- mice were used to establish the atherosclerosis mice model. The left coronary artery and mouse aorta were stained with HE, Oil Red O, and Movat staining. The DEL-1 levels, chemokines CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α), pathway protein glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), CCAAT enhanced binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and downstream inflammatory factors (C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (MIP-2or CXCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1α or CCL3),Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between DEL-1 gene expression and inflammatory factors in the lesion group and the correlation between DEL-1 gene expression and structure-related indexes. RESULTS Compared with Control group(CON), the intravascular plaque area was widened, accompanied by narrowed lumens. The number of plaque foam cells was significantly increased in the high fat and high cholesterol (AS group) or AAV9-eGFP group (P < 0.05). Compared to CON, the enhanced fluorescence intensity of DEL-1 with CD68 in the AS or AAV9-eGFP groups. Diminished fluorescence of DEL-1 with CD68 expression in AAV9-CXCR4 group compared to AS group or AAV9-eGFP group. The DEL-1 and its downstream proteins in AS group or AAV9-eGFP group were mainly accumulated in the macrophage cytoplasm. The DEL-1 expression level was significantly and positively correlated with plaque area, lumen stenosis, plaque foam cell count, TNFα, CXCL2, and CCL3 levels. CONCLUSION DEL-1 inhibition decreases macrophagic inflammatory factors involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Bauer S, Eigenmann J, Zhao Y, Fleig J, Hawe JS, Pan C, Bongiovanni D, Wengert S, Ma A, Lusis AJ, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Maegdefessel L, Schunkert H, von Scheidt M. Identification of the Transcription Factor ATF3 as a Direct and Indirect Regulator of the LDLR. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090840. [PMID: 36144244 PMCID: PMC9504235 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex, multifactorial disease caused, in particular, by inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. At the molecular level, the role of tissue-specific signaling pathways leading to CAD is still largely unexplored. This study relied on two main resources: (1) genes with impact on atherosclerosis/CAD, and (2) liver-specific transcriptome analyses from human and mouse studies. The transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as a key regulator of a liver network relevant to atherosclerosis and linked to inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. ATF3 was predicted to be a direct and indirect (via MAF BZIP Transcription Factor F (MAFF)) regulator of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from human liver cells revealed an ATF3 binding motif in the promoter regions of MAFF and LDLR. siRNA knockdown of ATF3 in human Hep3B liver cells significantly upregulated LDLR expression (p < 0.01). Inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation resulted in significant upregulation of ATF3 (p < 0.01) and subsequent downregulation of LDLR (p < 0.001). Liver-specific expression data from human CAD patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery (STARNET) and mouse models (HMDP) confirmed the regulatory role of ATF3 in the homeostasis of cholesterol metabolism. This study suggests that ATF3 might be a promising treatment candidate for lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bauer
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.v.S.); Tel.: +49-(0)89-1218-2367 (S.B.); +49-(0)89-1218-2849 (M.v.S.)
| | - Jana Eigenmann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julia Fleig
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Johann S. Hawe
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wengert
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Angela Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Johan L. M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, 114 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.v.S.); Tel.: +49-(0)89-1218-2367 (S.B.); +49-(0)89-1218-2849 (M.v.S.)
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