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Imazio M, Agrimi C, Cescon L, Panzolli G, Collini V, Sinagra G. Colchicine for the treatment of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases: current evidence and ongoing perspectives. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:653-663. [PMID: 38916229 PMCID: PMC11296275 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Colchicine is one of the oldest drugs in medicine. Traditionally used to treat and prevent gouty attacks, it has been introduced into cardiovascular medicine for the treatment and prevention of pericarditis, starting from the positive experience in the treatment and prevention of polyserositis in familial mediterranean fever. Colchicine is a lipophilic drug that enters the cells and is eliminated by glycoprotein P. As granulocytes are lacking in this protein, colchicine is able to concentrate in these cells, exerting a substantial anti-inflammatory action, even with low oral doses. As these cells may trigger acute cardiovascular events, colchicine has been shown to be efficacious and safe to prevent acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke with an efficacy comparable to more established treatments, such as antiplatelet agents and statins. On this basis, colchicine seems a promising, efficacious, well tolerated, and cheap option for the prevention of several cardiovascular events, and it may become an additional pillar in the pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Imazio
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine
| | - Cosimo Agrimi
- Cardiology Specialty School, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Cescon
- Cardiology Specialty School, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Valentino Collini
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine
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Mitev V. Colchicine-The Divine Medicine against COVID-19. J Pers Med 2024; 14:756. [PMID: 39064010 PMCID: PMC11277756 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colchicine has a number of effects that suggest it may be useful in the treatment of COVID-19. Myeloid cells are a major source of dysregulated inflammation in COVID-19. The hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the subsequent cytokine storm take place precisely inside them and can lead to multiorgan damage and death. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition has been assessed at micromolar colchicine concentrations which cannot be achieved in serum. However, colchicine has remarkable ability to accumulate intensively in leukocytes, where the cytokine storm is generated. Over 50 observational studies and randomized clinical trials, small randomized non-controlled trials, and retrospective cohort studies were initiated to test its healing effect in vivo, leading to conflicting, rather disappointing results. The WHO gives a "Strong recommendation against" the use of colchicine for COVID-19 treatment. This is because low doses of colchicine are always used, where the concentrations required to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in leukocytes cannot be reached. Considering this, from March 2020, we started the administration of higher doses of colchicine. Our assumption was that a safe increase in colchicine doses to reach micromolar concentrations in leukocytes will result in NLRP3 inflammasome/cytokine storm inhibition. We demonstrated that in 785 inpatients treated with increasing doses of colchicine, mortality fell between two and seven times. Our data, including a large number of COVID-19 outpatients, showed that nearly 100% of the patients treated with this therapeutic regimen escaped hospitalization. In addition, post-COVID-19 symptoms in those treated with colchicine were significantly rarer. As a large number of viruses can overactivate the NLRP3 inflammasome (like seasonal influenza), we are convinced that higher colchicine doses would be useful in these cases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Yousefzadeh M, Khosrobeigi A, Salehi A. Studying the efficacy of low-dose colchicine on clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI: a randomized controlled trial. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:85. [PMID: 38969838 PMCID: PMC11229522 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have underscored the essential role of inflammation across all stages of atherosclerosis. While various anti-inflammatory interventions have been implemented to mitigate inflammation-induced injuries, outcomes have been conflicting. Given the essential role of inflammation in these patients and limited data regarding the efficacy of low-dose Colchicine as an anti-inflammatory drug, we aimed to study the efficacy of low-dose Colchicine on clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI in Iran. RESULTS Participants presented with STEMI and qualified revascularization at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom during 2022 and 2023 were included into the study. This study included 172 STEMI patients (114 males and 58 females) within the mean age of 58.93 ± 7.79. Results indicate that colchicine (2 mg for loading dose and 0.5 mg daily for 30 days) and placebo group were not significant differences in identical profiles regarding age and gender. Analyses revealed no significant differences in clinical outcome after the 40-day follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the addition of colchicine did not yield a significant benefit in enhancing the outcomes of patients with STEMI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was prospectively registered on Iranian registry of clinical trials, with registration number (IRCT20231001059578N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefzadeh
- Cardiology Research Department, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ali Khosrobeigi
- Cardiology Research Department, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Ayoub Salehi
- Cardiology Research Department, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Niyas AM, Haseefa F, Cox JC, Movahed MR. Suspected colchicine-induced late myocardial rupture occurring after the late presentation of acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2024; 14:116-120. [PMID: 38764546 PMCID: PMC11101958 DOI: 10.62347/fxln8938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Colchicine is one of the established drugs of choice for post-myocardial infarction (MI) induced pericarditis, given its anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, colchicine received FDA approval for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which leads to concerns regarding its anti-healing effects on myocardial tissue post-infarction. We present a case of a suspected colchicine-induced myocardial rupture in an elderly male, who presented with a syncopal episode while on colchicine three weeks after the late presentation of infero-posterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohamed Niyas
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
- Creighton UniversityPhoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Movahed
- University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenix, AZ, USA
- Salt Lake Regional Medical CenterSalt Lake, UT, USA
- University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
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Bouleti C, Viscogliosi S, Bresson D, Leboube S, Bochaton T, El-Jonhy N, Amaz C, Prunier F, Bidaux G, Roubille F, Angoulvant D, Mewton N. Colchicine in acute myocardial infarction: cardiovascular events at 1-year follow up. Open Heart 2024; 11:e002474. [PMID: 38233042 PMCID: PMC10806482 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the COVERT-MI randomised placebo-controlled trial, oral administration of high-dose colchicine at the time of reperfusion and for 5 days in acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction did not reduce infarct size but was associated with a significant increase in left ventricular thrombus (LVT) in comparison to placebo. We aimed to assess the 1-year clinical outcomes of the study population. METHODS This study is a follow-up analysis of the COVERT-MI study on prespecified secondary clinical endpoints at 1 year. The primary endpoint of this study was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure events, ischaemic strokes, sustained ventricular arrhythmias and acute kidney injury at 1-year follow-up. The quality of life (QOL) and the drug therapy prescription were also assessed. RESULTS At 1 year, 192 patients (101 patients in the colchicine group, 91 in the placebo group) were followed up. Seventy-six (39.6%) MACEs were reported in the study population. There was no significant difference regarding the number of MACEs between groups: 36 (35.6%) in the colchicine group and 40 (44.1%) in the placebo group (p=0.3). There were no differences in the occurrence of ischaemic strokes between the colchicine group and the control group (3 (3%) vs 2 (2.2%), respectively, p=0.99). There was a trend towards fewer heart failure events in the colchicine group compared with the placebo group (12 (11.9%) vs 18 (19.8%), p=0.20). There was no significant difference in QOL scores at 1 year (75.8±15.7 vs 72.7±16.2 respectively, p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between the colchicine and placebo groups at 1 year regarding MACEs, especially concerning deaths or ischaemic strokes. No excess of ischaemic adverse events was observed despite the initial increase in LVT in the colchicine group. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT0315681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bouleti
- Cardiology, University of Poitiers, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) INSERM 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Simon Viscogliosi
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Didier Bresson
- Cardiology, Groupe Hospitalier de la Region de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, Grand Est, France
| | - Simon Leboube
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Thomas Bochaton
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Naoual El-Jonhy
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Camille Amaz
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Cardiologie, Université Angers, UPRES EA3860, Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Francois Roubille
- Cardiology, Regional University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Clinical Investigation Center Inserm 1407, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- IRIS Team, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
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