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Cheng C, Christensen M. Living with Multimorbidity through Time: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Longitudinal Evidence. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:446. [PMID: 38391821 PMCID: PMC10887575 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of multimorbidity places a strain on primary healthcare globally. The current study's aim was to identify, appraise, and synthesize published qualitative longitudinal research on individuals' experiences concerning living with multimorbidity through time. The authors searched two electronic databases, MEDLINE and CINAHL, and performed an additional literature search in Google Scholar. A thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data across the studies. A total of 10 reports that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the synthesis. Five descriptive themes emerged from the analysis of the living experiences of individuals with multimorbidity: (1) perceiving multimorbidity, (2) managing chronic conditions, (3) emotional struggles in everyday life with multimorbidity, (4) interactions with the healthcare system and healthcare professionals, and (5) family support. This meta-synthesis provides insights into the diverse perceptions of multimorbidity and how individuals cope with their chronic conditions in their daily lives. The findings highlight the importance of establishing effective patient-centered care that acknowledges and supports the multifaceted needs of this population. It is also recommended to involve a psychological component in the care of individuals with multimorbidity, as part of a collaborative and interprofessional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Martin Christensen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jeffries M, Salema NE, Laing L, Shamsuddin A, Sheikh A, Avery T, Chuter A, Waring J, Keers RN. Using sociotechnical theory to understand medication safety work in primary care and prescribers' use of clinical decision support: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068798. [PMID: 37105697 PMCID: PMC10151989 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The concept of safety work draws attention to the intentional work of ensuring safety within care systems. Clinical decision support (CDS) has been designed to enhance medication safety in primary care by providing decision-making support to prescribers. Sociotechnical theory understands that healthcare settings are complex and dynamically connected systems of fluid networks, human agents, changing relationships and social processes. This study aimed to understand the relationship between safety work and the use of CDS. DESIGN AND SETTING This qualitative study took place across nine different general practices in England. Stakeholders included general practitioners (GPs) and general practice-based pharmacists and nurse prescribers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to illicit how the system was used by the participants in the context of medication safety work. Data analysis conducted alongside data collection was thematic and drew on socio-technical theory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three interviews were conducted with 14 GPs, three nurse prescribers and three practice pharmacists between February 2018 and June 2020. RESULTS Safety work was contextually situated in a complex network of relationships. Three interconnected themes were interpreted from the data: (1) the use of CDS within organisational and social practices and workflows; (2) safety work and the use of CDS within the interplay between prescribers, patients and populations; and (3) the affordances embedded in CDS systems. CONCLUSION The use of sociotechnical theory here extends current thinking in patient safety particularly in the ways that safety work was co-constituted with the use of CDS alerts. This has implications for implementation and use to ensure that the contexts into which such CDS systems are implemented are taken into account. Understanding how alerts can adapt safety culture will help improve the efficacy of CDS systems, enhance prescribing safety and help to further understand how safety work is achieved in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jeffries
- NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nde-Eshimuni Salema
- NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Libby Laing
- NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Aziz Sheikh
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tony Avery
- NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Antony Chuter
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Justin Waring
- School of Social Policy, Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Neil Keers
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Suicide, Risk and Safety Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Lippiett K, Richardson A, May CR. How do illness identity, patient workload and agentic capacity interact to shape patient and caregiver experience? Comparative analysis of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4545-e4555. [PMID: 35633149 PMCID: PMC10084268 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Some patients have to work hard to manage their illness. When this work outweighs capacity (the resources available to patients to undertake the illness workload and other workloads such as that of daily life), this may result in treatment burden, associated with poor health outcomes for patients. This cross-sectional, comparative qualitative analysis uses an abductive approach to identify, characterise and explain treatment burden in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. It uses complementary qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews with patients receiving specialist care n = 19, specialist clinicians n = 5; non-participant observation of specialist outpatient consultations in two English hospitals [11 h, 52 min] n = 41). The findings underline the importance of the diagnostic process in relation to treatment burden; whether diagnosis is experienced as a biographically disruptive shock (as with lung cancer) or is insidiously biographically erosive (as with COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lippiett
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration WessexSouthamptonUK
| | - Alison Richardson
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration WessexSouthamptonUK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Carl R. May
- Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North ThamesLondonUK
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Damarell RA, Morgan DD, Tieman JJ, Senior T. Managing multimorbidity: a qualitative study of the Australian general practitioner experience. Fam Pract 2022; 40:360-368. [PMID: 36063437 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is prevalent in general practice and general practitioners internationally report challenges in its management. Understanding the perspectives of general practitioners at the frontline of care is important for system sustainability and accessibility as populations age. OBJECTIVE To explore Australian general practitioner perspectives on managing multimorbidity, the factors supporting their work, and those impeding their ability to meet their own standards of care provision. METHOD A qualitative study conducted with Australian general practitioners using semistructured, in-depth interviews and inductive thematic data analysis. RESULTS Twelve interviews with general practitioners were conducted. Three main themes were constructed from the data: Multimorbidity as an encounter with complexity and contingency; Evidence constraints in multimorbidity care; and Concerns for patient safety. System structure and the Australian general practice model restrict general practitioners' ability to provide care to their level of satisfaction by linking short consultation times to practice remuneration. Attitudes toward the applicability of guideline evidence were mixed despite most general practitioners questioning its generalizability. Patient safety concerns pervaded most interviews and largely centered on system fragmentation and insufficient intersectoral communication. General practitioners rely on multiple sources of information to provide patient-centered care but chiefly the accumulated knowledge of their patients. CONCLUSIONS Australian general practitioners share many multimorbidity concerns with international colleagues. While multimorbidity-specific evidence may be unrealistic to expect in the immediate term, system investment and adaptation is needed to support general practice sustainability and clinician ability to provide adequate multimorbidity care, suitably remunerated, into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raechel A Damarell
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deidre D Morgan
- Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation/School of Medicine. Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Tieman
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim Senior
- Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation/School of Medicine. Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abu Dabrh AM, Boehmer KR, Shippee N, Rizza SA, Perlman AI, Dick SR, Behnken EM, Montori VM. Minimally disruptive medicine (MDM) in clinical practice: a qualitative case study of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic care model. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33407451 PMCID: PMC7788961 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-06010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests the need to reframe healthcare delivery for patients with chronic conditions, with emphasis on minimizing healthcare footprint/workload on patients, caregivers, clinicians and health systems through the proposed Minimally Disruptive Medicine (MDM) care model named. HIV care models have evolved to further focus on understanding barriers and facilitators to care delivery while improving patient-centered outcomes (e.g., disease progression, adherence, access, quality of life). It is hypothesized that these models may provide an example of MDM care model in clinic practice. Therefore, this study aimed to observe and ascertain MDM-concordant and discordant elements that may exist within a tertiary-setting HIV clinic care model for patients living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA). We also aimed to identify lessons learned from this setting to inform improving the feasibility and usefulness of MDM care model. Methods This qualitative case study occurred in multidisciplinary HIV comprehensive-care clinic within an urban tertiary-medical center. Participants included Adult PLWHA and informal caregivers (e.g. family/friends) attending the clinic for regular appointments were recruited. All clinic staff were eligible for recruitment. Measurements included; semi-guided interviews with patients, caregivers, or both; semi-guided interviews with varied clinicians (individually); and direct observations of clinical encounters (patient-clinicians), as well as staff daily operations in 2015–2017. The qualitative-data synthesis used iterative, mainly inductive thematic coding. Results Researcher interviews and observations data included 28 patients, 5 caregivers, and 14 care-team members. With few exceptions, the clinic care model elements aligned closely to the MDM model of care through supporting patient capacity/abilities (with some patients receiving minimal social support and limited assistance with reframing their biography) and minimizing workload/demands (with some patients challenged by the clinic hours of operation). Conclusions The studied HIV clinic incorporated many of the MDM tenants, contributing to its validation, and informing gaps in knowledge. While these findings may support the design and implementation of care that is both minimally disruptive and maximally supportive, the impact of MDM on patient-important outcomes and different care settings require further studying. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-020-06010-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Moain Abu Dabrh
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, USA. .,Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Integrative Medicine and Health, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Kasey R Boehmer
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan Shippee
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stacey A Rizza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam I Perlman
- Integrative Medicine and Health, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sara R Dick
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emma M Behnken
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victor M Montori
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Sheard L, Marsh C. How to analyse longitudinal data from multiple sources in qualitative health research: the pen portrait analytic technique. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:169. [PMID: 31375082 PMCID: PMC6679485 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal qualitative research is starting to be used in applied health research, having been popular in social research for several decades. There is potential for a large volume of complex data to be captured, over a span of months or years across several different methods. How to analyse this volume of data – with its inherent complexity - represents a problem for health researchers. There is a previous dearth of methodological literature which describes an appropriate analytic process which can be readily employed. Methods We document a worked example of the Pen Portrait analytic process, using the qualitative dataset for which the process was originally developed. Results Pen Portraits are recommended as a way in which longitudinal health research data can be concentrated into a focused account. The four stages of undertaking a pen portrait are: 1) understand and define what to focus on 2) design a basic structure 3) populate the content 4) interpretation. Instructive commentary and guidance is given throughout with consistent reference to the original study for which Pen Portraits were devised. The Pen Portrait analytic process was developed by the authors, borne out of a need to effectively integrate multiple qualitative methods collected over time. Pen Portraits are intended to be adaptable and flexible, in order to meet the differing analytic needs of qualitative longitudinal health studies. Conclusions The Pen Portrait analytic process provides a useful framework to enable researchers to conduct a robust analysis of multiple sources of qualitative data collected over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sheard
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - Claire Marsh
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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