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Liedberg F, Gårdmark T, Hagberg O, Aljabery F, Ströck V, Hosseini A, Malmström PU, Söderkvist K, Ullén A, Jerlström T, Jahnson S, Holmberg L, Häggström C. Treatment Related to Urinary Tract Infections Is Associated with Delayed Diagnosis of Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Study. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00181-0. [PMID: 39143001 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with delayed diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). Our aim was to investigate prediagnostic treatments related to UTI and the relation to BC diagnostic delay, reflected by advanced disease at diagnosis. METHODS We used data from the BladderBaSe 2.0 with data of treatments related to UTI up to 3 yr before BC diagnosis (2008-2019) for BC patients in comparison to a matched reference population. We investigated the association between UTI treatments and more advanced disease at diagnosis in the BC cohort. We used generalized ordered logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for more advanced disease as an ordered outcome: non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC), muscle-invasive BC (MIBC), and metastatic BC (MBC). KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS The study population included 29 921 BC patients and 149 467 matched reference subjects. The proportions of individuals receiving UTI treatment were higher in the patient groups than in the corresponding reference groups, with the greatest differences observed for the MIBC and MBC subgroups. The OR for the risk of more advanced disease (MIBC or MBC) with at least one UTI treatment versus none was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.37) for men and 1.42 (95 % CI 1.27-1.58) for women. The association to risk of more advanced disease increased with the number of UTI treatments for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Further studies on the effects of treatments related to UTI in combination with other factors are needed to identify reasons for possible delays in the BC diagnostic pathway. PATIENT SUMMARY We found that for patients with bladder cancer, previous antibiotic treatment for a urinary tract infection was linked to more advanced disease at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to identify reasons for possible delays in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Truls Gårdmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hagberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viveka Ströck
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abolfazl Hosseini
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Uno Malmström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Söderkvist
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullén
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pelvic Cancer, Genitourinary Oncology and Urology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jerlström
- Department of Urology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Staffan Jahnson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Translational Oncology & Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Northern Registry Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Sætre H, Skow M, Vik I, Høye S, Emilsson L. Acute cystitis in men- a nationwide study from primary care: antibiotic prescriptions, risk factors, and complications. BJGP Open 2024; 8:BJGPO.2023.0207. [PMID: 38191188 PMCID: PMC11300979 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on acute cystitis in men is scarce and treatment guidelines differ between countries. Improved antibiotic stewardship is needed. AIM To analyse antibiotic prescriptions and outcomes of Norwegian men diagnosed with cystitis in primary care. DESIGN & SETTING A nationwide retrospective study was undertaken in primary care in Norway. METHOD We identified all episodes of acute cystitis in men diagnosed in Norwegian primary care during 2012-2019. Choice of antibiotic (from the Norwegian Prescription Database), treatment failure, re-prescription, and complications were stratified by age, calendar year, and risk factors. We used logistic regression to explore predefined risk factors (diabetes, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH], urinary retention, and any cancer) with complications (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and hospitalisation) and re-prescriptions. Linear regression was used to explore time trends. RESULTS In total, 108 994 individuals contributed 148 635 episodes. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics were first-choice treatment in 71.0% of the episodes (52.5% of all prescriptions were pivmecillinam). More than 75% of the episodes with narrow-spectrum versus 82.2% of broad-spectrum treatment did not lead to any re-prescription or complication. Complications occurred in 1.8% of all episodes (0.5% prostatitis, 0.7% pyelonephritis, and 0.7% hospitalisation). BPH was associated with increased risk of complications and re-prescription. Diabetes was associated with a lower risk of re-prescriptions. Prostate cancer and urinary retention were associated with a lower risk of both complications and re-prescriptions. CONCLUSION Our results support narrow-spectrum antibiotics as first-line treatment. Risk factor analyses warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Sætre
- Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Emergency General Practice, Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Skow
- Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Emergency General Practice, Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Vik
- Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Emergency General Practice, Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Høye
- Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise Emilsson
- Vårdcentralen Värmlands Nysäter and Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Värmland, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE) & Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Heltveit-Olsen SR, Gopinathan U, Blix HS, Elstrøm P, Høye S. Effect of methenamine hippurate shortage on antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in Norway-an interrupted time series analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1109-1117. [PMID: 38635298 PMCID: PMC11062941 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a lack of conclusive evidence of effect, methenamine hippurate is widely prescribed as preventive treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Norway. A national discontinuation of methenamine hippurate treatment due to a 4-month drug shortage in 2019 presented an opportunity to evaluate its preventive effect on UTIs among regular users. OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the methenamine hippurate drug shortage on prescription frequency of UTI antibiotics. METHODS Data from The Norwegian Prescription Database was analysed using an interrupted time series design. The time series consisted of 56 time periods of 14 days. The model included two naturally occurring interruptions: (i) the methenamine hippurate drug shortage, and (ii) reintroduction of the drug. The study population were 18 345 women ≥50 years receiving ≥2 prescriptions of methenamine hippurate in the study period before the shortage. Main outcome measure was number of prescriptions of UTI antibiotics per 1000 methenamine hippurate users. Prescription rates of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections were analysed to assess external events affecting antibiotic prescribing patterns. RESULTS We found a significant increase of 2.41 prescriptions per 1000 methenamine hippurate users per 14-day period during the drug shortage (95%CI 1.39, 3.43, P < 0.001), followed by a significant reduction of -2.64 prescriptions after reintroduction (95%CI -3.66, -1.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS During the methenamine hippurate drug shortage, we found a significant increase in prescribing trend for UTI antibiotics followed by a significant decrease in prescribing trend after reintroduction. This change in trend seems to reflect a preventive effect of the drug on recurrent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Rebekka Heltveit-Olsen
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Fredrik Holst house, PB 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Gopinathan
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Salvesen Blix
- Department of Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Prevention, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Elstrøm
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Høye
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Fredrik Holst house, PB 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Magnuson JT, Sydnes MO, Ræder EM, Schlenk D, Pampanin DM. Transcriptomic profiles of brains in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169110. [PMID: 38065506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are frequently detected in marine environments, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. Our previous research demonstrated the occurrence of neuroactive compounds in effluent and sediments from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a fjord North of Stavanger, the fourth-largest city in Norway. To better understand the influence of PPCP mixtures on fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were caged for one month in 3 locations: site 1 (reference), site 2 (WWTP discharge), and site 3 (6.7 km west of discharge). Transcriptomic profiling was conducted in the brains of exposed fish and detection of PPCPs in WWTP effluent and muscle fillets were determined. Caffeine (47.8 ng/L), benzotriazole (10.9 ng/L), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (5.6 ng/L), methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5.5 ng/L), trimethoprim (3.4 ng/L), carbamazepine (2.1 ng/L), and nortriptyline (0.4 ng/L) were detected in the WWTP effluent. Octocrylene concentrations were observed in muscle tissue at all sites and ranged from 53 to 193 ng/g. Nervous system function and endocrine system disorders were the top enriched disease and function pathways predicted in male and female fish at site 2, with the top shared canonical pathways involved with estrogen receptor and Sirtuin signaling. At the discharge site, predicted disease and functional responses in female brains were involved in cellular assembly, organization, and function, tissue development, and nervous system development, whereas male brains were involved in connective tissue development, function, and disorders, nervous system development and function, and neurological disease. The top shared canonical pathways in females and males were involved in fatty acid activation and tight junction signaling. This study suggests that pseudopersistent, chronic exposure of native juvenile Atlantic cod from this ecosystem to PPCPs may alter neuroendocrine and neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway; U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Erik Magnus Ræder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
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Ribeiro VST, Bail L, Ito CAS, de Andrade AP, Arend LNVS, Suss PH, Nogueira KDS, Walflor HSM, Faoro H, Kuczera LCSDM, Vicenzi FJ, Tuon FF. In vitro susceptibility to fosfomycin in clinical and environmental extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing and/or ciprofloxacin-non-susceptible Escherichia coli isolates. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e5. [PMID: 38324871 PMCID: PMC10846478 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing and ciprofloxacin-non-susceptible Escherichia coli are clinical and environmental issues. We evaluated the susceptibility profile of fosfomycin in non-susceptible E. coli isolated from urine and the environment. We measured the activity of fosfomycin against 319 and 36 E. coli strains from urine and environmental isolates, respectively, collected from rivers. Fosfomycin resistance profiles were investigated using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 5% and 6.6% of urine samples were non-susceptible to fosfomycin according to CLSI and EUCAST guidelines, respectively. The fosfomycin MIC50/90 was 0.5/4 mg/L. Of the 36 E. coli isolates from river water, 11.1% and 13,8% were non-susceptible to fosfomycin according to CLSI and EUCAST, respectively (range ≤0.25 ≥512 mg/L). All the isolates with MIC ≥512 mg/L for fosfomycin showed the fosA3 gene. Fosfomycin resistance was more frequent in the environment than in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bail
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa do Paraná, Divisão de Microbiologia, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmen Antonia Sanches Ito
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa do Paraná, Divisão de Microbiologia, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Andrade
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Nery Villa Stangler Arend
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório Central do Estado do Paraná, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helisson Faoro
- Fiocruz Paraná, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Fernández-García S, Moragas Moreno A, Giner-Soriano M, Morros R, Ouchi D, García-Sangenís A, Monteagudo M, Monfà R, Llor C. Urinary Tract Infections in Men in Primary Care in Catalonia, Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1611. [PMID: 37998813 PMCID: PMC10668819 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global problem that is primarily driven by the excessive and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in primary health care (PHC) and are typically treated with antibiotics. There is ample evidence on the management of this condition in women but not in men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of UTIs in men in Catalonia, Spain. We conducted a population-based observational cohort study that included male patients diagnosed with UTI within our SIDIAP and CMBD database during the period from 2012 to 2021. UTI diagnoses were grouped into five main groups (cystitis, prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, and pyelonephritis). Of the 316,762 men with at least one recorded UTI episode, the majority were registered with a diagnosis of cystitis in PHC (212,958 patients). Quinolones were the most commonly recorded treatment for UTIs (between 18.3% and 38.6%, depending on the group), except for urethritis in which a combination of antibiotics (36.7%) was most frequently used. The treatment duration period was between 9 days and 18 days, except for the prostatitis group, in which treatment was extended to 21 days. Urine cultures were documented in up to 30% in the cystitis group. Pyelonephritis was the category linked to most septicemia cases (3.0%). Conclusions: This is the first study to assess UTIs in men using a large PHC database in Spain. The sociodemographic characteristics of our sample are similar to other studies in the literature. In our setting, the use of quinolones for the treatment of UTIs is the most registered, and its duration was between 9 days and 18 days, despite the fact that resistance to quinolones exceeds 20% of the strains in our area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fernández-García
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Ana Moragas Moreno
- Institut Català de la Salut, Center d’Atenció Primària Jaume I, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43123 Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Giner-Soriano
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network, UIC IDIAPJGol, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Ana García-Sangenís
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network, UIC IDIAPJGol, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Monteagudo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Ramon Monfà
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network, UIC IDIAPJGol, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl Llor
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-S.)
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Jakobsen MA, Sørensen MC, Kornum JB, Falborg AZ, Hansen MP. Increased demand of urine cultures from Danish general practice: a five-year register-based study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2023; 41:179-185. [PMID: 37052881 PMCID: PMC10599257 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2196546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise and explore the development in the number and content of urine samples sent from general practice in the North Denmark Region to the Department of Clinical Microbiology (DCM) at Aalborg University Hospital during a five-year period. DESIGN A register-based study. SETTING General practice. SUBJECTS Urine samples received at DCM, Aalborg University Hospital from general practice between 2017 and 2022. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number and content of urine samples. RESULTS A total of 255,271 urine samples from general practice were received at DCM, with 76.1% being from female patients. Uropathogens were identified in 43.0% of the samples. During the five-year period, a 23.0% increase in the number of urine samples per person (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.21-1.25) was observed. A slight increase in the proportion of positive cultures (risk ratio (RR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05) was seen. No notable change in the patient population (age, gender) was observed. Overall, Escherichia coli was the most identified uropathogen (60.4%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (8.7%) and Enterococcus spp. (7.7%). Distribution of the various uropathogens differed slightly depending on patient gender and age, importantly E. coli was less frequently observed in males aged >65 years. CONCLUSION During the past five years an increasing amount of urine cultures have been requested at DCM from general practice. Importantly, the cause(s) of this increasing demand needs to be explored further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Malene Plejdrup Hansen
- Center for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
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Soudais B, Ribeaucoup F, Schuers M. Guidelines for the management of male urinary tract infections in primary care: a lack of international consensus-a systematic review of the literature. Fam Pract 2023; 40:152-175. [PMID: 35833228 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of adult male urinary tract infections (mUTIs) in primary care lacks international consensus. The main objective of this study was to describe the different guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mUTIs in primary care, to assess their methodological quality, and to describe their evidence-based strength of recommendation (SoR). METHODS An international systematic literature review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE, and gray-literature guideline-focused databases was performed in 2021. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) assessment tool was used by 2 independent reviewers to appraise each guideline. RESULTS From 1,678 records identified, 1,558 were screened, 134 assessed for eligibility, and 29 updated guidelines met the inclusion criteria (13 from Medline, 0 from EMBASE, and 16 from gray literature). Quality assessment revealed 14 (48%) guidelines with high-quality methodology. A grading system methodology was used in 18 (62%) guidelines. Different classifications of mUTIs are described, underlining a lack of international consensus: an anatomic classification (cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis) and a symptomatic classification (approach based on the intensity and tolerance of symptoms). The duration of antibiotic treatment for febrile mUTIs has been gradually reduced over the last 20 years from 28 days to 10-14 days of fluoroquinolones (FQ), which has become the international gold standard. Guidelines from Scandinavian countries propose short courses (3-5 days) of FQ-sparing treatments: pivmecillinam, nitrofurantoin, or trimethoprim. Guidelines from French-speaking countries use a watchful waiting approach and suggest treating mUTIs with FQ, regardless of fever. CONCLUSIONS This lack of scientific evidence leads to consensus and disagreement: 14 days of FQ for febrile mUTIs is accepted despite a high risk of antimicrobial resistance, but FQ-sparing treatment and/or short treatment for afebrile mUTIs is not. The definition of afebrile UTIs/cystitis is debated and influences the type and duration of antibiotic treatment recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soudais
- Department of General Practice, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Florian Ribeaucoup
- Department of General Practice, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Schuers
- Department of General Practice, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France.,Sorbonne Université, LIMICS U1142, F-75015 Paris, France
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Gallardo S, Troncoso-Mariño A, Nadal-Braqué N, Amado-Guirado E, Mallecot YH, Llor C. Improved management of cystitis in primary care following the implementation of a simple multifaceted intervention. Aten Primaria 2022; 54:102493. [PMID: 36270205 PMCID: PMC9586853 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of the implementation of a simple multifaceted intervention aimed at improving management of cystitis in primary care. DESIGN Quality control before and after study. SITE: Primary care centres in Barcelona city provided by the Catalonian Institute of Health. PARTICIPANTS The multifaceted intervention consisted of (1) creation of a group with a leader in each of the primary care centres, out of hours services, sexual and reproductive centres, and home visit service, (2) session on management of cystitis in each centre, (3) result feedback for professionals, and (4) provision of infographics for professionals and patients with urinary tract infections. Interventions started in November 2020 and ended in the summer of 2021. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Variation in the prescription of first-line antibiotics, usage of antibiotics, and request for urine cultures before and after this intervention. RESULTS Training sessions took place in 93% of the centres. The use of first-line therapies cystitis increased by 6.4% after the intervention (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-7.1%). The use of nitrofurantoin in recurrent cystitis increased, mainly in out of hours service (8.7%; 95% CI, 5.2-12.2%). Urine cultures were more frequently requested after the intervention for recurrent cystitis in both primary care centres and out of hours services, with a 7.2% increase [95% CI, 5.9-8.5%), but also for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (3.1%; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4%). CONCLUSIONS A low-intensity multifaceted intervention on management of cystitis, with strong institutional support, resulted in a better choice of antibiotic in antibiotic prescribing, but the intervention had less impact on the adequacy of urine cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallardo
- Primary Care Pharmacy Unit, Catalonian Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Nadal-Braqué
- Territorial Manager of the Primary Care Area of Barcelona City, Catalonian Institute of Health, Spain
| | | | - Yannick Hoyos Mallecot
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Catalonian Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl Llor
- Via Roma Health Centre, Catalonian Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Rui L, Lindbaek M, Gjelstad S. Preventive effect of methenamine in women with recurrent urinary tract infections - a case-control study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2022; 40:331-338. [PMID: 36369890 PMCID: PMC9848284 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2022.2139363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women. In Norwegian general practice, methenamine has been prescribed for many years as long-term prevention and accounted for 20% of the total antibiotic prescribing in 2015, as measured in defined daily dosages (DDDs). The efficacy of methenamine is unknown. If shown to be effective, this drug may become an important preventive against UTI. OBJECTIVE To examine whether methenamine is preventive against recurrent UTI in women. DESIGN Data for all antibiotics used for UTIs dispensed from all pharmacies from 2005 to 2015 were collected from the Norwegian prescription database (NorPD). SUBJECTS Women aged ≥ 40 years with recurrent UTI, defined as ≥3 courses of UTI antibiotic/year, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients using methenamine (cases) and those not using methenamine (controls) were compared. The numbers of UTI prescriptions during the 2 years before and after inclusion were analysed. Results: The yearly prevalence for recurrent UTI was 2.4% in women ≥ 40 years. The change in antibiotic use from 2 years before to 2 years after inclusion in the study differed significantly between groups: 44.6 and 34.9% reductions in the number of antibiotic prescriptions for UTI in the methenamine and control groups, respectively. The decrease in UTI antibiotic prescriptions (58.9%) was greater in patients with a higher consumption of antibiotics before starting methenamine. CONCLUSIONS Methenamine seems to be effective against recurrent UTI over the time span studied. The effect seems to be greater in patients with the highest number of recurrent UTIs. Key pointsMethenamine has been used for many years for prevention of recurrent UTI, but no studies have demonstrated a significant preventive effect of long time use.This study shows that methenamine seems to be effective for prevention in patients having recurrent UTI over 2 years or more.The effect seems to be larger in patients with a high number of UTIs over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rui
- Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Lindbaek
- Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- CONTACT Morten Lindbaek Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Gjelstad
- Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Schmiemann G, Hoffmann F, Hamprecht A, Jobski K. Patterns and trends of antibacterial treatment in patients with urinary tract infections, 2015–2019: an analysis of health insurance data. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:204. [PMID: 35948891 PMCID: PMC9367112 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infections are among the most common reason for encounter and subsequent antibiotic prescriptions. Due to the risk of collateral damage and increasing resistance rates, explicit recommendations against the use of fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin in uncomplicated urinary tract infections have been issued. However, to what extent these recommendations were followed and if there are relevant differences between the disciplines involved (general practitioners, urologists, paediatricians and gynaecologists) are unknown.
Methods
We used anonymized data from a local statutory health insurance (SHI) company, which covered about 38% of all SHI-insured persons in the federal state of Bremen, Germany between 2015—2019. Data included demographics, outpatient diagnoses and filled prescriptions on an individual level.
Results
One-year prevalence of urinary tract infections was 5.8% in 2015 (females: 9.2%, males: 2.5%). Of all 102,715 UTI cases, 78.6% referred to females and 21.4% to males, 6.0% of cases were younger than 18 years. In females, general practitioners were the most common diagnosing speciality (52.2%), followed by urologists (20.0%) and gynaecologists (16.1%). Overall, fluoroquinolones were most often prescribed (26.3%), followed by fosfomycin (16.1%) and the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (14.2%). Fluoroquinolones were most often prescribed by urologists and general practitioners, while gynaecologists preferred fosfomycin. During the study period, shares of fluoroquinolones decreased from 29.4% to 8.7% in females and from 45.9% to 22.3% in males.
Conclusions
Despite a clear trend toward a more guideline adherent prescription pattern, there is still room for improvement regarding the use of second-line antibiotics especially fluoroquinolones. The choice of antibiotics prescribed differs between specialities with higher uptake of guideline-recommended antibiotics by gynaecologists, mainly because of higher prescription shares of fosfomycin.
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van der Worp H, Brandenbarg D, Boek PA, Braams JHW, Brink LJF, Keupers J, Blanker MH. Identifying women's preferences for treatment of urinary tract infection: a discrete choice experiment. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049916. [PMID: 34785550 PMCID: PMC8596048 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the preferences of women regarding management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). DESIGN A discrete choice experiment of the preferences for certain treatment attributes was conducted by survey. Attributes included treatment duration, time to complaint resolution, complication risk, side effect risk and contribution to antimicrobial resistance. SETTING General population in the Netherlands, recruited via social media. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 18 years or older. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the relative importance of the attributes for treatment choice, using a conditional logit model. The secondary outcome was the heterogeneity in these preferences. RESULTS The discrete choice experiment was completed by 833 women. Most attributes were important to decisions for UTI treatment. Women were willing to accept management with, for example, a higher chance of complications or longer time to resolution, if it could help avoid antimicrobial resistance. However, there was heterogeneity in the preferences. Women who had one previous UTI had a stronger preference for faster symptom resolution compared with those who had no previous UTI. Younger women also preferred faster symptom resolution. Finally, women with a low or middle education level gave less importance to preventing antimicrobial resistance than women with a high education level. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that a considerable part of women valued alternatives to antimicrobial treatment and were prepared to tolerate management that was less optimal in certain respects to avoid antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk van der Worp
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Brandenbarg
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Boek
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jort H W Braams
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J F Brink
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Keupers
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blanker
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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