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Himmelbauer M, Bajrami B, Basile R, Capacci A, Chen T, Choi CK, Gilfillan R, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson DS, Jones JH, Kadakia E, Kirkland M, Lin EY, Liu Y, Ma B, Magee T, Mantena S, Marx IE, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Muste CA, Nadella P, Nevalainen M, Parker Harp CR, Pattaropong V, Pietrasiewicz A, Prince RJ, Purgett TJ, Santoro JC, Schulz J, Sciabola S, Tang H, Vandeveer HG, Wang T, Yousaf Z, Helal CJ, Hopkins BT. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB129, a Covalent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8122-8140. [PMID: 38712838 PMCID: PMC11129193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with an underlying pathology characterized by inflammation-driven neuronal loss, axonal injury, and demyelination. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and member of the TEC family of kinases, is involved in the regulation, migration, and functional activation of B cells and myeloid cells in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS), cell types which are deemed central to the pathology contributing to disease progression in MS patients. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB129 (25), a structurally distinct and brain-penetrant targeted covalent inhibitor (TCI) of BTK with an unprecedented binding mode responsible for its high kinome selectivity. BIIB129 (25) demonstrated efficacy in disease-relevant preclinical in vivo models of B cell proliferation in the CNS, exhibits a favorable safety profile suitable for clinical development as an immunomodulating therapy for MS, and has a low projected total human daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin
K. Himmelbauer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rebecca Basile
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew Capacci
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - TeYu Chen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Colin K. Choi
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rab Gilfillan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Chungang Gu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - J. Howard Jones
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ekta Kadakia
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward Y. Lin
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Srinivasa Mantena
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac E. Marx
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M. Metrick
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cathy A. Muste
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Prasad Nadella
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chelsea R. Parker Harp
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vatee Pattaropong
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Pietrasiewicz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin J. Prince
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas J. Purgett
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C. Santoro
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jurgen Schulz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - H. George Vandeveer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ti Wang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Zain Yousaf
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian T. Hopkins
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Parrack PH, Zucker SD, Zhao L. Liver Pathology Related to Onco-Therapeutic Agents. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:499-518. [PMID: 37536885 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncotherapeutic agents can cause a wide range of liver injuries from elevated liver functions tests to fulminant liver failure. In this review, we emphasize a newer generation of drugs including immune checkpoint inhibitors, protein kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and hormonal therapy. A few conventional chemotherapy agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige H Parrack
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School
| | - Stephen D Zucker
- Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School.
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Xu L, Ma M, Li J, Gao D, Ma P, Zhang F, Song D. Leucine Aminopeptidase-Mediated Multifunctional Molecular Imaging Tool for Diagnosis, Drug Evaluation, and Surgical Guidance of Liver-Related Diseases. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12089-12096. [PMID: 37525359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional molecular imaging tools used for detecting liver diseases own several drawbacks, such as poor optical performance and limited applicability. Monitoring the concentration of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which is closely related to liver diseases such as liver cancer and liver injury, and analyzing it in diagnosis, drug evaluation, and surgical treatment is still a challenging task. Herein, we construct an intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism-based, ultrasensitive, near-infrared fluorescent probe (LAN-lap) for dynamic monitoring of LAP fluctuations in living systems. LAN-lap, with high specificity, stability, sensitivity, and water solubility, can achieve in vitro monitoring of LAP through both fluorescence and colorimetric methods. Moreover, LAN-lap can successfully be used for the localization imaging of endogenous LAP, confirming the upregulation of LAP expression in liver cancer and liver injury cells. In addition, LAN-lap can realize the imaging of liver tumors in living organisms. Meanwhile, it can intuitively present the degree of drug-induced liver injury, achieving semi-quantitative imaging evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of two drugs. Furthermore, LAN-lap can track liver cancer tumors in mice with peritoneal metastasis and can assist in fluorescence-guided surgical resection of liver cancer tumors. This multifunctional LAN-lap probe could play an important role in facilitating simultaneous diagnoses, imaging, and synergistic surgical navigation to achieve better point-of-care therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dejiang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmei Zhang
- XNA Platform, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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Nixon S, Duquette D, Doucette S, Larouche JF. How We Manage Patients with Indolent B-Cell Malignancies on Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Practical Considerations for Nurses and Pharmacists. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4222-4245. [PMID: 37185435 PMCID: PMC10137400 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common forms of B-cell malignancy, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), have seen a drastic shift in the treatment landscape over the last two decades with the introduction of targeted agents. Among them are Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, which have demonstrated excellent efficacy in indolent B-cell NHLs and CLL. Although BTK inhibitors are generally thought to be more tolerable than chemoimmunotherapy, they are associated with a unique safety profile including varying rates of rash, diarrhea, musculoskeletal events, cardiovascular events, and bleeding. Ibrutinib was the first BTK inhibitor to gain a Health Canada indication, followed by second-generation BTK inhibitors acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, which have better safety profiles compared to ibrutinib, likely due to their improved selectivity for BTK. As BTK inhibitors are oral agents given continuously until disease progression, long-term adverse event (AE) monitoring and management as well as polypharmacy considerations are important for maintaining patient quality of life. This paper intends to serve as a reference for Canadian nurses and pharmacists on dosing, co-administration, and AE management strategies when caring for patients with indolent B-cell NHL or CLL being treated with BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Nixon
- Malignant Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Dominic Duquette
- Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
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Zhu YL, Ding HZ, Gou KF, Sun B, Chen Y, Zhang HW. A rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of zanubrutinib in beagle plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5504. [PMID: 36094354 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of zanubrutinib in the plasma of beagle dogs. The column used was an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm), maintained at 40°C with an injection volume of 2 μl. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0-1 min, 10-10% A; 1-1.1 min, 10-90% A; 1.1-2.1 min, 90-90% A; 2.1-2.2 min, 90-10% A; 2.2-3.0 min, 10-10% A. Mobile phase A was 0.1% formic acid, B was acetonitrile, and the total analysis time was 3 min. The mass spectrometry was performed in positive ion mode, and the scanning mode was multi-reaction monitoring mode with electrospray ionization as the ion source; m/z 472.2 → 455.01 for zanubrutinib and m/z 441.03 → 137.99 for ibrutinib (internal standard). The plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation. The standard curve showed good linearity (r2 = 0.999 8) in the range of 1.0-1,000 ng/ml (zanubrutinib) with a low limit of quantification of 1 ng/ml. Also, the intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) was <5.88% and the accuracy (RE) ranged from -1.56 to 1.08%; the recoveries of zanubrutinib in beagle plasma ranged from 90.12 to 93.53% (RSD 1.67-6.42%) and the ME values of zanubrutinib were 98.70-101.06% (RSD 5.37-8.49%, n = 6). All values meet US Food and Drug Administration requirements. A rapid, highly selective and sensitive method for the determination of zanubrutinib concentration in plasma by UPLC-MS/MS was successfully developed. This method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs by following oral administration of zanubrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Zhu
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Hao-Zhe Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Kai-Feng Gou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - He-Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Woo SM, Alhaqqan DM, Gildea DT, Patel PA, Cundra LB, Lewis JH. Highlights of the drug-induced liver injury literature for 2021. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:767-785. [PMID: 35839342 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, over 3,000 articles on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) were published, nearly doubling the annual number compared to 2011. This review selected DILI articles from 2021 we felt held the greatest interest and clinical relevance. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted using PubMed between 1 March 2021 and 28 February 2022. 86 articles were included. This review discusses new and established cases of hepatotoxins, including new FDA approvals and COVID-19 therapeutics. Developments in biomarkers and causality assessment methods are discussed. Updates from registries are also explored. EXPERT OPINION DILI diagnosis and prognostication remain challenging. Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) is the best option for determining causality and has been increasingly accepted by clinicians. Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM) may be more user-friendly and accurate but requires further validation. Quantitative systems pharmacology methods, such as DILIsym, are increasingly used to predict hepatotoxicity. Oncotherapeutic agents represent many newly approved and described causes of DILI. Such hepatotoxicity is deemed acceptable relative to the benefit these drugs offer. Drugs developed for non-life-threatening disorders may not show a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio and will be more difficult to approve. As the COVID-19 landscape evolves, its effect on DILI deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dalal M Alhaqqan
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel T Gildea
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Palak A Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey B Cundra
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James H Lewis
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Predictive Model for Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Deep Neural Networks Based on Substructure Space. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247548. [PMID: 34946636 PMCID: PMC8707960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for drug developers, regulators, and clinicians. However, there is no adequate model system to assess drug-associated DILI risk in humans. In the big data era, computational models are expected to play a revolutionary role in this field. This study aimed to develop a deep neural network (DNN)-based model using extended connectivity fingerprints of diameter 4 (ECFP4) to predict DILI risk. Each data set for the predictive model was retrieved and curated from DILIrank, LiverTox, and other literature. The best model was constructed through ten iterations of stratified 10-fold cross-validation, and the applicability domain was defined based on integer ECFP4 bits of the training set which represented substructures. For the robustness test, we employed the concept of the endurance level. The best model showed an accuracy of 0.731, a sensitivity of 0.714, and a specificity of 0.750 on the validation data set in the complete applicability domain. The model was further evaluated with four external data sets and attained an accuracy of 0.867 on 15 drugs with DILI cases reported since 2019. Overall, the results suggested that the ECFP4-based DNN model represents a new tool to identify DILI risk for the evaluation of drug safety.
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Fenebrutinib in H 1 antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2021; 27:1961-1969. [PMID: 34750553 PMCID: PMC8604722 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is crucial for FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and essential for autoantibody production by B cells in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Fenebrutinib, an orally administered, potent, highly selective, reversible BTK inhibitor, may be effective in CSU. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (EudraCT ID 2016-004624-35 ) randomized 93 adults with antihistamine-refractory CSU to 50 mg daily, 150 mg daily and 200 mg twice daily of fenebrutinib or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in urticaria activity score over 7 d (UAS7) at week 8. Secondary end points were the change from baseline in UAS7 at week 4 and the proportion of patients well-controlled (UAS7 ≤ 6) at week 8. Fenebrutinib efficacy in patients with type IIb autoimmunity and effects on IgG-anti-FcεRI were exploratory end points. Safety was also evaluated. The primary end point was met, with dose-dependent improvements in UAS7 at week 8 occurring at 200 mg twice daily and 150 mg daily, but not at 50 mg daily of fenebrutinib versus placebo. Asymptomatic, reversible grade 2 and 3 liver transaminase elevations occurred in the fenebrutinib 150 mg daily and 200 mg twice daily groups (2 patients each). Fenebrutinib diminished disease activity in patients with antihistamine-refractory CSU, including more patients with refractory type IIb autoimmunity. These results support the potential use of BTK inhibition in antihistamine-refractory CSU.
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