1
|
Sachi S, Jahan MP, Islam P, Rafiq K, Islam MZ. Evaluation of hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory potentials of chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) extract in rats. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100349. [PMID: 38590834 PMCID: PMC10999476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seed extract on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, hematological profile, and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Water-ethanol-acetone extract of chia seeds at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day were applied to evaluate the comparative protective roles. Hematological profile and serum biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the hematoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed extract. Paw thickness and motility level were assessed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after sub-planter injection of carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential. Tissue histopathology was performed in both cases. Chia seed extract reduced the elevated level of serum AST and ALT significantly in a dose-dependent manner following intra-peritoneal injection of CCl4. Histopathological study of the liver tissue exhibited acute impairment of the hepatocytes and liver parenchyma following CCl4 exposure, which was markedly regenerated by the chia seed extract treatment. Protective effects of the extracts were also evidenced by the RBC count, Hb (%), PCV (%), ESR, and neutrophil count. Chia seed extract was found to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw edema and increase motility level in a dose-oriented fashion. Histological examination of the paw tissue revealed severe inflammation characterized by massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the carrageenan group, which was significantly reduced by chia seed extract treatment. The higher dose of chia seed extract showed significant increases in bodyweight gain and feed efficiency ratio but decrease in visceral fat deposition. These results suggest that chia seeds possess potentials for hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Prianka Jahan
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Purba Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahorul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dobariya P, Xie W, Rao SP, Xie J, Seelig DM, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Deletion of Glyoxalase 1 Exacerbates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 38929087 PMCID: PMC11200933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose triggers a cascade of intracellular oxidative stress events, culminating in acute liver injury. The clinically used antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has a narrow therapeutic window, and early treatment is essential for a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. For more versatile therapies that can be effective even at late presentation, the intricacies of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity must be better understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the consequent activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) are considered one of the key mechanistic features of APAP toxicity. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) regulates AGE formation by limiting the levels of methylglyoxal (MEG). In this study, we studied the relevance of Glo-1 in the APAP-mediated activation of RAGE and downstream cell death cascades. Constitutive Glo-1-knockout mice (GKO) and a cofactor of Glo-1, ψ-GSH, were used as tools. Our findings showed elevated oxidative stress resulting from the activation of RAGE and hepatocyte necrosis through steatosis in GKO mice treated with high-dose APAP compared to wild-type controls. A unique feature of the hepatic necrosis in GKO mice was the appearance of microvesicular steatosis as a result of centrilobular necrosis, rather than the inflammation seen in the wild type. The GSH surrogate and general antioxidant ψ-GSH alleviated APAP toxicity irrespective of the Glo-1 status, suggesting that oxidative stress is the primary driver of APAP toxicity. Overall, the exacerbation of APAP hepatotoxicity in GKO mice suggests the importance of this enzyme system in antioxidant defense against the initial stages of APAP overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakashkumar Dobariya
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Swetha Pavani Rao
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ito Y, Yoshioka K, Hayashi K, Shimizu Y, Fujimoto R, Yamane R, Yoshizaki M, Kajikawa G, Mizutani T, Goto H. Prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Detected by Computed Tomography in the General Population Compared with Ultrasonography. Intern Med 2024; 63:159-167. [PMID: 37225482 PMCID: PMC10864065 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1861-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) identified by computed tomography (CT) in the general population compared with ultrasonography (US). Methods Four hundred and fifty-eight subjects who received health checkups at Meijo Hospital in 2021 and underwent CT within a year of US in the past decade were analyzed. The mean age was 52.3±10.1 years old, and 304 were men. Results NAFLD was diagnosed in 20.3% by CT and in 40.4% by the US. The NAFLD prevalence in men was considerably greater in subjects 40-59 years old than in those ≤39 years old and in those ≥60 years old by both CT and US. The NAFLD prevalence in women was substantially higher in the subjects 50-59 years old than in those ≤49 years old or those ≥60 years old on US, while no significant differences were observed on CT. The abdominal circumference, hemoglobin value, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, albumin level, and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of NAFLD diagnosed by CT. The body mass index, abdominal circumference, and triglyceride level were independent predictors of NAFLD diagnosed by the US. Conclusion NAFLD was found in 20.3% of CT cases and 40.4% of US cases among recipients of health checkups. An "inverted U curve" in which the NAFLD prevalence rose with age and dropped in late adulthood was reported. NAFLD was associated with obesity, the lipid profile, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin values, and albumin levels. Our research is the first in the world to compare the NAFLD prevalence in the general population simultaneously by CT and US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yoshizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Go Kajikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Taro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobariya P, Xie W, Rao SP, Xie J, Seelig DM, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Deletion of Glyoxalase 1 exacerbates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572856. [PMID: 38187538 PMCID: PMC10769331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose triggers a cascade of intracellular oxidative stress events culminating in acute liver injury. The clinically used antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a narrow therapeutic window and early treatment is essential for satisfactory therapeutic outcome. For more versatile therapies that can be effective even at late-presentation, the intricacies of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity must be better understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and consequent activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) are considered one of the key mechanistic features of APAP toxicity. Glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) regulates AGE formation by limiting the levels of methylglyoxal (MEG). In this study, we studied the relevance of Glo-1 in APAP mediated activation of RAGE and downstream cell-death cascades. Constitutive Glo-1 knockout mice (GKO) and a cofactor of Glo-1, ψ-GSH, were employed as tools. Our findings show elevated oxidative stress, activation of RAGE and hepatocyte necrosis through steatosis in GKO mice treated with high-dose APAP compared to wild type controls. A unique feature of the hepatic necrosis in GKO mice is the appearance of microvesicular steatosis as a result of centrilobular necrosis, rather than inflammation seen in wild type. The GSH surrogate and general antioxidant, ψ-GSH alleviated APAP toxicity irrespective of Glo-1 status, suggesting that oxidative stress being the primary driver of APAP toxicity. Overall, exacerbation of APAP hepatotoxicity in GKO mice suggests the importance of this enzyme system in antioxidant defense against initial stages of APAP overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakashkumar Dobariya
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Swetha Pavani Rao
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|