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Barak Y, Sajjadi SF, Hobbs L, Patterson T. Functional recovery in older adults with schizophrenia: A national interRAI study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:792-800. [PMID: 38366918 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241230837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of recovery for people with schizophrenia (PwS) is still a matter of debate. Growing numbers of PwS living to older age calls for examination of their disease trajectories with a focus on recovery. AIM To compare two groups of PwS (good wellbeing; poor wellbeing) on several psychosocial variables associated with social wellbeing to identify interventions that support functional recovery. METHOD Data was drawn from participants from across New Zealand (NZ), who had received a formal diagnosis of Schizophrenia; were living independently in the community, and who had undergone their first International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) assessment from 2012 to 2022. We compared two groups of PwS (good social wellbeing; poor social wellbeing) examining associations with demographic and psychosocial variables. RESULTS We compared interRAI assessments for: 'poor psychosocial wellbeing' (n = 1,378; 67%; 56% female; 70.5% 65 years and over; 36.1% never married); and 'good psychosocial wellbeing' (n = 693; 33%; 61.1% female; 78.1% 65 years and over; 29.8% never married; n = 549 did not have sufficient social wellbeing data to be included). We found significant associations between social wellbeing and depression, disruptive behaviour, decision making, self-expression, understanding verbal information, activity level, self-reported health and medication adherence. Logistical regression showed depression (β = .84, p < .001, Wald = 51.01, Exp(B) = 2.31) and mild disruptive behaviour (β = .63, p = .002, Wald = 9.26, Exp(B) = 0.53) were the only predictors of poor social wellbeing. Those who reported some degree of depressive symptoms were 2.31 (CI [1.84, 2.91]) more likely to be in the poor social wellbeing group. CONCLUSIONS A significant minority (33.5%) of older PwS enjoy positive social wellbeing. Several psychosocial variables are associated with wellbeing. By addressing the comorbidity of depressive symptoms, we may be able to improve wellbeing for older PwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Barak
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - S Fatemeh Sajjadi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Linda Hobbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Tess Patterson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Rönneikkö J, Huhtala H, Finne-Soveri H, Valvanne J, Jämsen E. The role of geriatric syndromes in predicting unplanned hospitalizations: a population-based study using Minimum Data Set for Home Care. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:696. [PMID: 37884888 PMCID: PMC10605458 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive accuracies of screening instruments for identifying home-dwelling old people at risk of hospitalization have ranged from poor to moderate, particularly among the oldest persons. This study aimed to identify variables that could improve the accuracy of a Minimum Data Set for Home Care (MDS-HC) based algorithm, the Detection of Indicators and Vulnerabilities for Emergency Room Trips (DIVERT) Scale, in classifying home care clients' risk for unplanned hospitalization. METHODS In this register-based retrospective study, factors associated with hospitalization among home care clients aged ≥ 80 years in the City of Tampere, Finland, were analyzed by linking MDS-HC assessments with hospital discharge records. MDS-HC determinants associated with hospitalization within 180 days after the assessment were analyzed for clients at low (DIVERT 1), moderate (DIVERT 2-3) and high (DIVERT 4-6) risk of hospitalization. Then, two new variables were selected to supplement the DIVERT algorithm. Finally, area under curve (AUC) values of the original and modified DIVERT scales were determined using the data of MDS-HC assessments of all home care clients in the City of Tampere to examine if addition of the variables related to the oldest age groups improved the accuracy of DIVERT. RESULTS Of home care clients aged ≥ 80 years, 1,291 (65.4%) were hospitalized at least once during the two-year study period. Unplanned hospitalization occurred following 15.9%, 22.8%, and 33.9% MDS-HC assessments with DIVERT group 1, 2-3 and 4-6, respectively. Infectious diseases were the most common diagnosis within each DIVERT groups. Many MDS-HC variables not included in the DIVERT algorithm were associated with hospitalization, including e.g. poor self-rated health and old fracture (other than hip fracture) (p 0.001) in DIVERT 1; impaired cognition and decision-making, urinary incontinence, unstable walking and fear of falling (p < 0.001) in DIVERT 2-3; and urinary incontinence, poor self-rated health (p < 0.001), and decreased social interaction (p 0.001) in DIVERT 4-6. Adding impaired cognition and urinary incontinence to the DIVERT algorithm improved sensitivity but not accuracy (AUC 0.64 (95% CI 0.62-0.65) vs. 0.62 (0.60-0.64) of the original DIVERT). More admissions occurred among the clients with higher scores in the modified than in the original DIVERT scale. CONCLUSIONS Certain geriatric syndromes and diagnosis groups were associated with unplanned hospitalization among home care clients at low or moderate risk level of hospitalization. However, the predictive accuracy of the DIVERT could not be improved. In a complex clinical context of home care clients, more important than existence of a set of risk factors related to an algorithm may be the various individual combinations of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Rönneikkö
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Valvanne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Esa Jämsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Greeley B, Low H, Kelly R, McDermid R, Song X. Preserving the discreteness of deficits during coding leads to a lower frailty index in individuals living in long-term care. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111851. [PMID: 37453658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses two coding approaches on the frailty index (FI). Two FI were calculated using 43 variables from 29,758 older adults (84.6 ± 8 years old; 64 % female) in long-term care. Scores were coded as 0, 0.5, or 1 regardless of the number of levels (grouped), or preserved (e.g., a 4 level variable was coded as 0, 0.33, 0.67, or 1; discrete). Grouped and discrete FI were compared with each ordinal variable removed but all other ordinal variables included. This was repeated until 28 unique (14 grouped, 14 discrete) FI had been constructed each with one ordinal variable removed per FI. FI was correlated to age and mortality separated by sex. The median grouped (0.302 (0.221-0.372)) was higher relative to the discrete (0.237 (0.170-0.307)) FI. The discrete (r = 0.91, r = 0.87) and grouped (r = 0.93, r = 0.87) FI showed similar relationships to age and mortality. Removal of any ordinal variable reduced grouped FI by 0.004 or 0.016, whereas removal led to both increases (range: 0.003-0.001) and reductions (range: 0.002-0.008) for discrete FI. A grouped approach inflates FI. A discrete approach provides a more accurate measure of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Greeley
- Clinical Research, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hilary Low
- Clinical Research, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ronald Kelly
- Long-term Care and Assisted Living Access, Fraser Health, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert McDermid
- Critical Care, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Clinical Research, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
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Bamps J, Capouillez B, Rinaldi R, Patris S. Frailty detection by healthcare professionals: a systematic review of the available English and French tools and their validation. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:773-787. [PMID: 37278921 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wide variety of frailty detection tools, but no gold standard. Choosing the most appropriate tool can therefore be complicated. Our systematic review seeks to provide useful data on the frailty detection tools available to help healthcare professionals in choosing a tool. METHOD We systematically searched for articles published between January 2001 and December 2022 in three electronic databases. Articles were to be written in English or French and were to discuss a frailty detection tool used by healthcare professionals in a population without specific health conditions. Any self-testing, physical testing or biomarkers were excluded. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were also excluded. Data were extracted from two coding grids; one for the criteria used by the tools to detect frailty and the other for the evaluation of clinimetric parameters. The quality of the articles was assessed using QUADAS-2. RESULTS A total of 52 articles, covering 36 frailty detection tools, were included and analysed in the systematic review. Forty-nine different criteria were identified, with a median of 9 (IQR 6-15) criteria per tool. Regarding the evaluation of tool performances, 13 different clinimetric properties were identified, with a mean of 3.6 (± 2.2) properties assessed per tool. CONCLUSION There is considerable heterogeneity in the criteria used to detect frailty, as well as in the way tools are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bamps
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), Chemin du Champ de Mars, 25, Bât. 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Bastien Capouillez
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), Chemin du Champ de Mars, 25, Bât. 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Romina Rinaldi
- Clinical Orthopedagogy Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Patris
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), Chemin du Champ de Mars, 25, Bât. 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
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Kleinenberg-Talsma N, van der Lucht F, Jager-Wittenaar H, Krijnen W, Finnema E. Development of a frailty index from the Dutch public health monitor 2016 and investigation of its psychometric properties: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:78. [PMID: 37118785 PMCID: PMC10142448 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty in older adults is an increasing challenge for individuals, health care organizations and public health, both globally and in The Netherlands. To focus on frailty prevention from a public health perspective, understanding of frailty status is needed. To enable measurement of frailty within a health survey that currently does not contain an established frailty instrument, we aimed to construct a frailty index (FI) and investigate its psychometric properties. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Dutch Public Health Monitor (DPHM), including respondents aged ≥ 65 years (n = 233,498). Forty-two health deficits were selected based on literature, previously constructed FIs, face validity and standard criteria for FI construction. Deficits were first explored by calculating Cronbach's alpha, point-polyserial correlations, and factor loadings. Thereafter, we used the Graded Response Model (GRM) to assess item difficulty, item discrimination, and category thresholds. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for the 42 items was 0.91. Thirty-seven deficits showed strong psychometric properties: they scored above the cutoff values for point-polyserial correlations (0.3) or factor loadings (0.4) and had moderate to very high discrimination parameters (≥ 0.65). These deficits were retained in the scale. Retaining the deficits with favorable measurement properties and removing the remaining deficits resulted in the FI-HM37. CONCLUSION The FI-HM37 was developed, an FI with 37 deficits indicative of frailty, both statistically and conceptually. Our results indicate that health monitors can be used to measure frailty, even though they were not directly designed to do so. The GRM is a suitable approach for deficit selection, resulting in a psychometrically strong scale, that facilitates assessment of frailty levels using the DPHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kleinenberg-Talsma
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Science in Healthy Ageing and Healthcare (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- FAITH research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fons van der Lucht
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Health and Society, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health, FAITH research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Research Unit Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Finnema
- FAITH research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Science, Section of Nursing Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Living, Wellbeing and Care for Older People, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Molinari-Ulate M, Mahmoudi A, Franco-Martín MA, van der Roest HG. Psychometric characteristics of comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) for long-term care facilities and community care: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101742. [PMID: 36184026 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGAs) have been incorporated as an integrated care approach effective to face the challenges associated to uncoordinated care, risk of hospitalization, unmet needs, and care planning experienced in older adult care. As they assessed different dimensions, is important to inform about the content and psychometric properties to guide the decisions when selecting and implementing them in practice. This systematic review provides a comprehensive insight on the strengths and weaknesses of the CGAs used in long-term care settings and community care. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published up to July 13, 2021, were considered. Quality appraisal was performed for the included studies. RESULTS A total of 10 different CGAs were identified from 71 studies included. Three instruments were reported for long-term care settings, and seven for community care. The content was not homogenous and differed in terms of the detail and clearness of the areas being evaluated. Evidence for good to excellent validity and reliability was reported for various instruments. CONCLUSIONS Setting more specific and clear domains, associated to the special needs of the care setting, could improve informed decisions at the time of selecting and implementing a CGA. Considering the amount and quality of the evidence, the instrument development trajectory, the validation in different languages, and availability in different care settings, we recommend the interRAI LTCF and interRAI HC to be used for long-term facilities and community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Molinari-Ulate
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Research and Development, Iberian Institute of Research in Psycho-Sciences, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain.
| | - Aysan Mahmoudi
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Research and Development, Iberian Institute of Research in Psycho-Sciences, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain.
| | - Manuel A Franco-Martín
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Spain; Psychiatric and Mental Health Department, Zamora Healthcare Complex, Zamora, Spain.
| | - Henriëtte G van der Roest
- Department on Aging, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Abey-Nesbit R, Bergler U, Pickering JW, Nishtala PS, Jamieson H. Development and validation of a frailty index compatible with three interRAI assessment instruments. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6653477. [PMID: 35930721 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND a Frailty Index (FI) calculated by the accumulation of deficits is often used to quantify the extent of frailty in individuals in specific settings. This study aimed to derive a FI that can be applied across three standardised international Residential Assessment Instrument assessments (interRAI), used at different stages of ageing and the corresponding increase in support needs. METHODS deficit items common to the interRAI Contact Assessment (CA), Home Care (HC) or Long-Term Care Facilities assessment (LTCF) were identified and recoded to form a cumulative deficit FI. The index was validated using a large dataset of needs assessments of older people in New Zealand against mortality prediction using Kaplan Meier curves and logistic regression models. The index was further validated by comparing its performance with a previously validated index in the HC cohort. RESULTS the index comprised 15 questions across seven domains. The assessment cohort and their mean frailty (SD) were: 89,506 CA with 0.26 (0.15), 151,270 HC with 0.36 (0.15) and 83,473 LTCF with 0.41 (0.17). The index predicted 1-year mortality for each of the CA, HC and LTCF, cohorts with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.741 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.718-0.762), 0.687 (95%CI: 0.684-0.690) and 0.674 (95%CI: 0.670-0.678), respectively. CONCLUSIONS the results for this multi-instrument FI are congruent with the differences in frailty expected for people in the target settings for these instruments and appropriately associated with mortality at each stage of the journey of progressive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Bergler
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John W Pickering
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Prasad S Nishtala
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Hamish Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Rasiah J, Gruneir A, Oelke ND, Estabrooks C, Holroyd-Leduc J, Cummings GG. Instruments to assess frailty in community dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 134:104316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bloomfield K, Wu Z, Tatton A, Calvert C, Peel N, Hubbard R, Jamieson H, Hikaka J, Boyd M, Bramley D, Connolly MJ. An interRAI derived frailty index predicts acute hospitalizations in older adults residing in retirement villages: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264715. [PMID: 35235598 PMCID: PMC8890727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The development of frailty tools from electronically recorded healthcare data allows frailty assessments to be routinely generated, potentially beneficial for individuals and healthcare providers. We wished to assess the predictive validity of a frailty index (FI) derived from interRAI Community Health Assessment (CHA) for outcomes in older adults residing in retirement villages (RVs), elsewhere called continuing care retirement communities. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting and participants 34 RVs across two district health boards in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). 577 participants, mean age 81 years; 419 (73%) female; 410 (71%) NZ European, 147 (25%) other European, 8 Asian (1%), 7 Māori (1%), 1 Pasifika (<1%), 4 other (<1%). Methods interRAI-CHA FI tool was used to stratify participants into fit (0–0.12), mild (>0.12–0.24), moderate (>0.24–0.36) and severe (>0.36) frail groups at baseline (the latter two grouped due to low numbers of severely frail). Primary outcome was acute hospitalization; secondary outcomes included long-term care (LTC) entry and mortality. The relationship between frailty and outcomes were explored with multivariable Cox regression, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results Over mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 33% (69/209) of fit, 58% (152/260) mildly frail and 79% (85/108) moderate-severely frail participants at baseline had at least one acute hospitalization. Compared to the fit group, significantly increased risk of acute hospitalization were identified in mildly frail (adjusted HR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.41–2.51, p<0.001) and moderate-severely frail (adjusted HR = 3.52, 95%CI = 2.53–4.90, p<0.001) groups. Similar increased risk in moderate-severely frail participants was seen in LTC entry (adjusted HR = 5.60 95%CI = 2.47–12.72, p<0.001) and mortality (adjusted HR = 5.06, 95%CI = 1.71–15.02, p = 0.003). Conclusions and implications The FI derived from interRAI-CHA has robust predictive validity for acute hospitalization, LTC entry and mortality. This adds to the growing literature of use of interRAI tools in this way and may assist healthcare providers with rapid identification of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bloomfield
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annie Tatton
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nancye Peel
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruth Hubbard
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamish Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Hikaka
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michal Boyd
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dale Bramley
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin J. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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Busnel C, Vallet F, Ludwig C. Tooling nurses to assess complexity in routine home care practice: Derivation of a complexity index from the interRAI-HC. Nurs Open 2021; 8:815-823. [PMID: 33570265 PMCID: PMC7877136 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Home care nurses often use the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (interRAI-HC) to assess health needs. However, this tool does not assess complexity. This study proposes to derive a complexity index (CI) from the interRAI-HC using the operational definition of the dedicated COMID checklist (COmplexité Multidimensionnelle des prises en soins Infirmières à Domicile). DESIGN Data were collected at the baseline assessment of the fraXity study (N = 231, aged ≥ 65), which relied on an observational longitudinal design. METHODS Measures were the interRAI-HC, from which the CI binary variables were computed and the COMID, used as a reference. RESULTS Twenty-six CI variables were computed from the interRAI-HC, and all but three correlations were significant. The correlation between the CI score and the COMID score was ρ = 0.730 (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that complexity can be assessed directly from the interRAI-HC by deriving a CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Busnel
- Research and Development UnitGeneva Institution for Homecare and Assistance (imad)CarougeSwitzerland
| | - Fanny Vallet
- Research and Development UnitGeneva Institution for Homecare and Assistance (imad)CarougeSwitzerland
| | - Catherine Ludwig
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES‐SOUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts Western SwitzerlandGenevaSwitzerland
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Bloomfield K, Wu Z, Tatton A, Calvert C, Peel N, Hubbard R, Jamieson H, Hikaka J, Boyd M, Bramley D, Connolly MJ. An interRAI-derived frailty index is associated with prior hospitalisations in older adults residing in retirement villages. Australas J Ageing 2020; 40:66-71. [PMID: 33118304 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a frailty index (FI) from interRAI-Community Health Assessments (CHA) on older adults in retirement villages (RVs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of a current RV research study. A FI was generated using the cumulative deficit model. Health-care utilisation measures were acute, and all, hospitalisations 12 months before baseline assessment. Associations between FI and hospitalisations were explored using multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR). RESULTS Of 577 included residents, mean (SD) age was 81 (7) and 419 (73%) were female. Mean (SD) FI was 0.16 (0.09); 260 (45%) were mildly frail, and 108 (19%) moderate-severely frail. In multivariate-adjusted analysis, odds of acute hospitalisation for mild (OR = 3.3, P < .001) and moderate-severely frail (OR = 6.4, P < .001) were significantly higher than fit residents. Higher odds were also observed for all hospitalisations. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of RV residents were moderately-severely frail. FI was associated with acute and all hospitalisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bloomfield
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annie Tatton
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nancye Peel
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruth Hubbard
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamish Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Hikaka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michal Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dale Bramley
- Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin J Connolly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Gordon EH, Hubbard RE. Frailty in older adults: moving from measurement to management. Med J Aust 2020; 213:314-315. [PMID: 32924157 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gordon
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
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Hendin A, Tanuseputro P, McIsaac DI, Hsu AT, Smith GA, Begum J, Thompson LH, Stelfox HT, Reardon P, Herritt B, Chaudhuri D, Rosenberg E, Kyeremanteng K. Frailty Is Associated With Decreased Time Spent at Home After Critical Illness: A Population-Based Study. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 36:937-944. [PMID: 32666869 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620939055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is characterized by vulnerability to stressors due to an accumulation of multiple functional deficits. Frailty is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for accelerated functional decline, increasing dependency, and risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the association of frailty, at the time of critical care admission, with days alive at home and health care costs post-discharge. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used linked administrative data (2010-2016) in Ontario, Canada. We identified all patients admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU), aged 19 years and above, assessed using the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC), within 6 months prior to index hospitalization including an ICU stay. Patients were stratified as robust, pre-frail, or frail based on a validated Frailty Index. The primary outcome was days alive at home in the year after admission. Secondary outcomes included mortality, health care-associated costs, ICU interventions, long-term care admissions, and hospital readmissions. RESULTS Frail patients spent significantly fewer days at home within 1 year of index hospitalization (mean 159 days vs 223 days in robust cohort, P < .001). Mortality was higher among frail patients at 1 year (59.6% in the frail cohort vs 45.9% in robust patients; odds ratio for death 1.59 [1.49-1.69]). Frail patients also had higher rates of long-term care admission within 1 year (30.1% vs 10.6% in robust patients). Total health care-associated costs per person alive were $30 450 higher the year after admission in the frail cohort. CONCLUSIONS Frailty prior to ICU admission among patients who were eligible for RAI-HC assessment was associated with higher mortality and fewer days spent at home following admission. Frail patients had markedly higher rates of long-term care admission and increased costs per life saved following critical illness. These findings add to the discussion of risk-benefit trade-offs for ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hendin
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel I McIsaac
- 152971Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesia, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy T Hsu
- 152971Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenys A Smith
- 152971Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jahanara Begum
- 152971Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2129University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Reardon
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent Herritt
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Rosenberg
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kwadwo Kyeremanteng
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Watanabe K, Umegaki H, Huang CH, Arakawa Martins B, Asai A, Kanda S, Nomura H, Kuzuya M. Association between dysphagia risk and unplanned hospitalization in older patients receiving home medical care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:977-981. [PMID: 31415130 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Home medical care for older adults with chronic conditions is becoming an increasing important issue in Japan. We need to support long-term medical care at home and avoid unplanned hospitalizations, which can adversely affect activities of daily living and quality of life. In this study, we investigated whether swallowing function is a risk for unplanned hospitalization in older patients with functional decline who are receiving home medical care. METHODS In the current study, we examined data obtained in the Observational study of Nagoya Elderly with HOme MEdical study (ONEHOME) that investigated the medical health of older adults receiving home medical care services in Nagoya City, Japan. The data analyzed were patients' age, sex, number of medications, Dysphagia Severity Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Barthel Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form, Frailty Index and dementia independent scale. The Dysphagia Severity Scale was categorized into the presence or absence of dysphagia risk. The association between dysphagia risk and days until first hospitalization was investigated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 86 out of 178 patients had a hospitalization during the study period of 4 years. Cox regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Barthel Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form scores showed that a lower Dysphagia Severity Scale score was significantly associated with unexpected hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Dysphagia risk predicts the first unexpected hospitalization in older individuals receiving home medical care. Patients' swallowing function is an important factor for estimating prognosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 977-981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Beatriz Arakawa Martins
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (G-TRAC Center), Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Paradise, South Australia, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research, Excellence Frailty and Healthy Aging, University of Adelaide, Paradise, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Shigeru Kanda
- Minami Health-Medical Cooperative Kaname Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Ludwig C, Busnel C. Protocol of a case-control longitudinal study (fraXity) assessing frailty and complexity among Swiss home service recipients using interRAI-HC assessments. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:207. [PMID: 31382880 PMCID: PMC6683486 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early screening of frail individuals and of patients with complex care needs are challenges that countries witnessing population aging face. Homecare nurses are actors of choice in meeting these challenges, yet they need means of identifying frail and complex patients in their routine practice. The fraXity study’s aim is to fill this gap by (1) proposing frailty and complexity computation algorithms derived from the interRAI-HC; (2) assessing the predictive validity of the proposed indices with respect to adverse health outcomes; and (3) identifying subgroups of the aged population for whom the early screening of frailty and complexity appears to be most relevant. Methods The study will rely on a prospective observational case-control longitudinal study. Three samples of individuals aged 65 or older living in the community will be considered: recipients of formal home care (case 1), of formal home assistance (case 2) and individuals free of formal home services (controls). All participants will receive interRAI-HC assessments at three measurement occasions, separated by six-month intervals. Baseline assessments will serve to derive frailty and complexity scores. Follow-ups will serve to assess the predictive validity of the proposed indices and to estimate the intra-individual change in frailty and complexity. Group comparisons will serve to identify subgroups of the population for whom the screening of frailty and complexity appears to be the most relevant. Discussion The expected results of the fraXity study are a) reliable computation algorithms for frailty and complexity scores derived from the interRAI-HC and b) clinical assessment protocols for use by homecare nurses. These outcomes should contribute to outfitting key actors of the health system with means of enhancing their part in a collective endeavor targeting the best care and quality of life for aged citizens. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03883425, registered on March 20, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ludwig
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Busnel
- Geneva Institution for Homecare and Assistance (imad), Avenue du Cardinal Mermillod 36, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland
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16
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Shaw BH, Borrel D, Sabbaghan K, Kum C, Yang Y, Robinovitch SN, Claydon VE. Relationships between orthostatic hypotension, frailty, falling and mortality in elderly care home residents. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:80. [PMID: 30866845 PMCID: PMC6415493 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthostatic hypotension (OH; profound falls in blood pressure when upright) is a common deficit that increases in incidence with age, and may be associated with falling risk. Deficit accumulation results in frailty, regarded as enhanced vulnerability to adverse outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between OH, frailty, falling and mortality in elderly care home residents. METHODS From the Minimum Data Set (MDS) document, a frailty index (FI-MDS) was generated from a list of 58 deficits, ranging from 0 (no deficits) to 1.0 (58 deficits). OH was evaluated from beat-to-beat blood pressure and heart rate (finger plethysmography) collected during a 15-min supine-seated orthostatic stress test. Retrospective and prospective falling rates (falls/year) were extracted from facility falls incident reports. All-cause 3-year mortality was determined. Data are reported as mean ± standard error. RESULTS Data were obtained from 116 older adults (aged 84.2 ± 0.9 years; 44% males) living in two long term care facilities. The mean FI-MDS was 0.36 ± 0.01; FI-MDS was correlated with age (r = 0.277; p = 0.003). Those who were frail (FI ≥ 0.27) had larger Initial (- 17.8 ± 4.2 vs - 6.1 ± 3.3 mmHg, p = 0.03) and Consensus (- 22.7 ± 4.3 vs - 11.5 ± 3.3 mmHg, p = 0.04) orthostatic reductions in systolic arterial pressure. Frail individuals had higher prospective and retrospective falling rates and higher 3-year mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the ability of FI-MDS alone to predict prospective falls (sensitivity 72%, specificity 36%), Consensus OH (sensitivity 68%, specificity 60%) and 3-year mortality (sensitivity 77%, specificity 49%). Kaplan Meier survival analyses showed significantly higher 3-year mortality in those who were frail compared to the non-frail (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Frailty can be captured using a frailty index based on MDS data in elderly individuals living in long term care, and is related to susceptibility to orthostatic hypotension, falling risk and 3-year mortality. Use of the MDS to generate a frailty index may represent a simple and convenient risk assessment tool for older adults living in long term care. Older adults who are both frail and have impaired orthostatic blood pressure control have a particularly high risk of falling and should receive tailored management to mitigate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett H Shaw
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dave Borrel
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kimiya Sabbaghan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Colton Kum
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yijian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Stephen N Robinovitch
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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