1
|
Quintiens B, Smets T, Chambaere K, Van den Block L, Deliens L, Cohen J. Willingness to support neighbours practically or emotionally: a cross-sectional survey among the general public. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2024; 18:26323524241249196. [PMID: 38737406 PMCID: PMC11085024 DOI: 10.1177/26323524241249196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Wider social networks are increasingly recognized for supporting people with care needs. Health-promoting initiatives around the end of life aim to foster these social connections but currently provide little insight into how willing people are to help neighbours facing support needs. Objectives This study describes how willing people are to help neighbours who need support practically or emotionally, whether there is a difference in willingness depending on the type of support needed and what determines this willingness. Design We applied a cross-sectional survey design. Methods We distributed 4400 questionnaires to a random sample of people aged >15 across four municipalities in Flanders, Belgium. These surveys included attitudinal and experiential questions related to serious illness, caregiving and dying. Respondents rated their willingness (scale of 1-5) to provide support to different neighbours in hypothetical scenarios: (1) an older person in need of assistance and (2) a caregiver of a dying partner. Results A total of 2008 questionnaires were returned (45.6%). The average willingness to support neighbours was 3.41 (case 1) and 3.85 (case 2). Helping with groceries scored highest; cooking and keeping company scored lowest. Factors associated with higher willingness included an optimistic outlook about receiving support from others, family caregiving experience and prior volunteering around serious illness or dying. Conclusion People are generally willing to support their neighbours who need help practically or emotionally, especially when they have prior experience with illness, death or dying and when they felt supported by different groups of people. Community-based models that build support around people with care needs could explore to what extent this willingness translates into durable community support. Initiatives promoting social connection and cohesion around serious illness, caregiving and dying may harness this potential through experiential learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Quintiens
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Tinne Smets
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Chambaere
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Van den Block
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Deliens
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joachim Cohen
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jhang KM, Liao GC, Wang WF, Tung YC, Yen SW, Wu HH. Caregivers' Burden on Patients with Dementia Having Multiple Chronic Diseases. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1151-1163. [PMID: 38737420 PMCID: PMC11088409 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s454796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to find the caregiving burden level for patients with dementia who had multiple chronic diseases by simultaneously considering both patient and caregiver factors. Participants and Methods A cross-sectional study with 284 patients with dementia having multiple chronic diseases managed by the dementia collaborative care team at Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan was conducted. The input variables were from patients, such as age, gender, mood symptoms, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, and caregivers, including age, relation to the patient, caregiver's mood, and caregiving burden. The Apriori algorithm was employed to determine the association between patient and caregiver factors and different caregiving burden levels by setting up the minimum support of 1% and confidence of 90% along with lift >1. Results When caring for patients with dementia, twenty scenarios were found for caregivers with a severe burden. In addition, 1936 scenarios were related to caregivers with a moderate-to-severe burden. Specifically, there were eight scenarios for patients with three chronic diseases which could be further categorized into five general rules. Two hundred and fifty scenarios belonging to patients with two chronic diseases could be classified into 16 different combinations from eight chronic diseases of the database. Conclusion Caregiver's mood, patients with mild dementia, and patients aged 75-84 years were associated with a severe caregiving burden. College and above education of the caregiver, the patient aged 85 years or more, and at least one of caregiver's moods were the variables to result in a moderate-to-severe burden for caregivers caring for patients with three multiple chronic diseases. Moreover, college and above education of the caregiver, mood symptom, age of the caregiver, and age of the patient were important variables for caregivers who had a moderate-to-severe burden taking care of patients with two chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Jhang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chun Liao
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Tung
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Yen
- Department of Information Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Wu
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
- Faculty of Education, State University of Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eskes AM, Tobiano G, Carlini J, Kuijpers C, Musters SCW, Chaboyer W. Fundamentally shifting discharge planning and post-hospital care. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 145:104533. [PMID: 37285731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Eskes
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, G01 2.03, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Georgia Tobiano
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, G01 2.03, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Joan Carlini
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, G01 2.03, QLD 4222, Australia; Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service Consumer Advisory Group, QLD, Australia
| | - Carolina Kuijpers
- Family Caregiver - Consumer Perspective, Swifterbant, the Netherlands
| | - Selma C W Musters
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Chaboyer
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, G01 2.03, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Jong L, Schmidt T, Carstens AK, Damm K. The impact of different care dependencies on people's willingness to provide informal care: a discrete choice experiment in Germany. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 37269446 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-023-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal care provided by family members, friends, or neighbors is a major pillar in the German long-term care system. As the number of care-dependent older adults grow, ensuring their future care still relies on the willingness of family members, friends, or neighbors to assume the role of an informal caregiver. This study aimed to investigate the impact on people's willingness to provide informal care to a close relative with predominately cognitive compared to physical impairments. METHODS An online survey was distributed to the general population in Germany, which resulted in 260 participants. A discrete choice experiment was created to elicit and quantify people's preferences. A conditional logit model was used to investigate preferences and marginal willingness-to-accept values were estimated for one hour of informal caregiving. RESULTS Increased care time per day (hours) and expected duration of caregiving were negatively valued by the participants and reduced willingness to care. Descriptions of the two care dependencies had a significant impact on participants' decisions. Having to provide care to a close relative with cognitive impairments was slightly preferred over caring for a relative with physical impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our study results show the impact of different factors on the willingness to provide informal care to a close relative. How far the preference weights as well as the high willingness-to-accept values for an hour of caregiving can be explained by the sociodemographic structure of our cohort needs to be investigated by further research. Participants slightly preferred caring for a close relative with cognitive impairments, which might be explained by fear or discomfort with providing personal care to a relative with physical impairments or feelings of sympathy and pity towards people with dementia. Future qualitative research designs can help understand these motivations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea de Jong
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Torben Schmidt
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Carstens
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Damm
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Jong L, Schmidt T, Stahmeyer JT, Eberhard S, Zeidler J, Damm K. Informelle Pflege und Berufstätigkeit: Einflussfaktoren auf die Bereitschaft. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EVIDENZ, FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITÄT IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2023:S1865-9217(23)00008-9. [PMID: 37019756 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proportion of people in need of care will continue to rise in Germany. In 2019, the majority of people in need of care was cared for at home. Reconciling caregiving and work poses a heavy burden for many caregivers. Therefore, a monetary compensation for care is being discussed politically in order to facilitate the reconciliation of work and care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and under which circumstances a sample of the German population is willing to care for a close relative. A particular focus was placed on the willingness to reduce working hours, the importance of the expected period of caregiving, and monetary compensation. METHODS A primary data collection was conducted in two modes using a questionnaire. A self-completion postal survey was sent out via the AOK Lower Saxony and complemented with an online survey. Data was analysed descriptively and using logistic regression. RESULTS 543 participants were included. 90% of the sample surveyed was willing to provide care for a close relative, with the majority stating that their willingness depended on various factors: both the health status and the person of the family member needing care had the greatest influence. 34% of the employed respondents were not willing to reduce their working hours, mostly for financial reasons. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Many older adults want to stay in their homes for as long as possible. Thus, the willingness to provide and take over the role of informal caregiver is and will remain a central pillar of the German care system. Negotiating between informal caregiving and professional activities often creates a substantial burden. For people from lower income households monetary compensation might enhance their willingness to provide informal care. However, in order to increase the willingness to engage in informal care of people from different backgrounds and life stages, flexible approaches are needed that go beyond monetary compensation.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Jong L, Schmidt T, Stahmeyer JT, Eberhard S, Zeidler J, Damm K. Willingness to provide informal care to older adults in Germany: a discrete choice experiment. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:425-436. [PMID: 35689744 PMCID: PMC10060358 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As the German population is continually aging and the majority of older adults still wish to 'age in place', the need for informal care provided by family and friends will correspondingly continue to increase. In addition, while the need for formal (professional) care services is also likely to increase, the supply already does not meet the demand in Germany today. The aim of our study is the elicitation of people's willingness to provide informal care by means of a discrete choice experiment. The self-complete postal survey was disseminated to a random sample of the German general population in Lower Saxony. Data cleansing resulted in a final sample size of 280 participants. A conditional logit and a latent class model were estimated. All attributes were judged as highly relevant by the respondents. The results revealed that an increase in the care hours per day had the greatest negative impact overall on the willingness to provide informal care in our sample. The marginal willingness-to-accept for 1 h of informal care was €14.54 when having to provide informal care for 8 h in reference to 2 h per day. This value is considerably higher than the national minimum wage of €9.82. A three-class latent class model revealed preference heterogeneity. While a monetary compensation is often discussed to increase the willingness and availability of informal care in a country, our results show that this statement could not be generalized within our entire sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea de Jong
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Str.7, 30159, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Torben Schmidt
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Str.7, 30159, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sveja Eberhard
- Health Services Research Unit, AOK Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Zeidler
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Str.7, 30159, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Damm
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Str.7, 30159, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrade C, Tavares M, Soares H, Coelho F, Tomás C. Positive Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15276. [PMID: 36430000 PMCID: PMC9690944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Positive mental health and mental health literacy are two main concepts to ensure an individual and social state of mental health and well-being. A scoping review of the scientific literature published in the field of health sciences was conducted to identify the relationship between mental health literacy and the positive mental health of family caregivers. A research expression was used to search for articles in health databases, respecting the main topics of the Participants/Concept/Context (PCC) framework. A total of eight articles were included from the 2830 initially identified using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) process. It was noticeable that none of the studies related positive mental health and mental health literacy of caregivers. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify predictors of mental health and self-efficacy, such as burden and a lack of information about and support in the process of care. Caregivers' quality of life, self-esteem and confidence are also important positive mental health predictors that are closely related to health literacy. The knowledge of these factors can contribute to the reduction in negative determinants of mental health of caregivers and the resolution of strategies to meet caregivers' needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andrade
- Department of Nursing, Family and Community Health, School of Health, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Group Inovation and Development in Nursing (NursID), Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcio Tavares
- Department of Nursing, Family and Community Health, School of Health, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Hélia Soares
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health and Gerontology, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Nursing Research Unit for South and Islands (NURSE’IN), 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal
| | - Fábio Coelho
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health and Gerontology, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Catarina Tomás
- Group Inovation and Development in Nursing (NursID), Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- ciTechCare-Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, School of Health Sciences (ESSLei), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Testing the informal care model: intrapersonal change in care provision intensity during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:1287-1300. [PMID: 36692758 PMCID: PMC9213212 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-022-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Informal care, meaning taking health-related care of people in their own social network, is a topic that gets more and more attention in social science research because the pressure on people to provide informal care is rising due to ageing societies and policy changes. The Informal Care Model developed by Broese van Groenou and de Boer (Eur J Ageing 13(3):271-279, 2016) provides a theoretical foundation to understand under what conditions a person provides informal care. We test this theoretical model by applying it to intrapersonal changes in informal care provision during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands in Spring 2020. Data from the LISS panel from two time points, March 2020 and data from July over the period of April/May 2020, were analysed with multinominal multilevel regression analysis (N = 1270 care situations of 1014 caregivers). Our results showed that the individual determinants (Do I have to?, Do I want to?, and especially Can I?) discussed in the Informal Care Model (apart from a series of control variables) are contributing substantially to the understanding of intrapersonal changes in care provision during the first lockdown and by that, we found empirical support for the theoretical model. We conclude that on top of its original purpose to explain between-individual differences in informal caregiving using static indicators, the Informal Care Model is also useful to explain intrapersonal changes in informal caregiving using dynamic indicators.
Collapse
|