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Ascone L, Mascherek A, Weber S, Fischer D, Augustin J, Cheng B, Thomalla G, Augustin M, Zyriax BC, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Subjective evaluation of home environment and levels of self-reported depression in middle to old age: Results from the HCHS study. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1115-1129. [PMID: 38329994 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immediate living environment might, like other lifestyle factors, be significantly related to mental well-being. The current study addresses the question whether five relevant subjective home environment variables (i.e., protection from disturbing nightlight, daylight entering the home, safety at home, quality of window views, and noise disturbance) are associated with levels of self-reported depression over and above well-known sociodemographic and common lifestyle variables. METHODS Data from the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) were analyzed. In N = 8757 with available PHQ-9 depression data, multiple linear regression models were computed, with demographic data, lifestyle variables, and variables describing the subjective evaluation of the home environment. RESULTS The model explained 15% of variance in depression levels, with ratings for the subjective evaluation of home environment accounting for 6%. Better protection from disturbing light at night, more daylight entering the home, feeling safer, and perceived quality of the window views, were all significantly associated with lower, while more annoyance by noise was associated with higher levels of self-reported depression. Results did not differ if examining a sample of the youngest (middle-aged participants: 46-50 years) versus oldest (70-78 years) participants within HCHS. CONCLUSION Beyond studying the role of lifestyle factors related to self-reported depression, people's homes may be important for subclinical levels of depression in middle and older age, albeit the direction of effects or causality cannot be inferred from the present study. The development of a consensus and tools for a standardized home environment assessment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ascone
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Mascherek
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Djo Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jobst Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Hamburg, Germany
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Antunes MC, Zardeto HN, Pscheidt SL, Custódio G, Mello DND, Giehl MWC. Built environment and its association with self-rated health in Brazilian elderly: National Health Survey 2013. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3137-3148. [PMID: 37970998 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.16602022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the association between the built environment and positive self-rated health among older adults from Brazilian capitals. It is a cross-sectional population-based study, which collected data from the National Health Survey 2013 and the Observatório das Metrópoles. The outcome was a positive self-rated health. The built environment was investigated by the Urban Wellbeing Index (IBEU, in Portuguese). Analyses were performed by multilevel logistic regression (95%CI). Among the 4,643 elderly individuals evaluated in this study, 51.5% reported a positive self-rated health (95%CI: 50.0-52.9). Elderly people living in capitals with higher IBEU terciles were more likely to have a positive self-rated health (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.86 (T2); OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.35-2.33 (T3)). As for the dimensions of the IBEU, the following were associated with the outcome: urban infrastructure (OR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.13-2.16), urban environmental conditions (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10-2.04), urban housing conditions (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.05-1.99), and urban collective services (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.30-2.27). A positive association was found between better conditions of the built environment and one's perception of health, regardless of individual characteristics. Promoting changes in the built environment can be effective in improving health levels, thus favoring healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Antunes
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Rod. Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, Jardim das Avenidas. Araranguá SC Brasil.
| | - Heloísa Nunes Zardeto
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Rod. Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, Jardim das Avenidas. Araranguá SC Brasil.
| | - Sabrina Leal Pscheidt
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Rod. Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, Jardim das Avenidas. Araranguá SC Brasil.
| | - Gustavo Custódio
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Rod. Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, Jardim das Avenidas. Araranguá SC Brasil.
| | - Daniel Nunes de Mello
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Rod. Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, Jardim das Avenidas. Araranguá SC Brasil.
| | - Maruí Weber Corseuil Giehl
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências Tecnologias e Saúde do Campus Araranguá, UFSC. Araranguá SC Brasil
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Wu Y, Dong K, Bai R, Dong W. The relationship between intergenerational financial support and depressive symptoms among older adults: Evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011-2018. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:767-775. [PMID: 37437743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aimed to investigate the effect of intergenerational financial support on depressive symptoms among older adults over time. METHODS Data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. A finite distributed lag (FDL) model was employed, long-run cumulative effect was evaluated. 1426 respondents followed in four waves were included in FDL model. CES-D score was used to measure depressive symptoms, intergenerational financial support was defined as financial support received from older adults' children or grandchildren. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, social insurance, and social contact factors were controlled in the model. RESULTS More than a third older adults in China had a CES-D score of 10 or higher. Intergenerational financial support has a significant long-run cumulative negative effect on older adults' depressive symptoms (CES-D scores: coef. = -0.674, P < 0.001; % with CES-D scores ≥10: Coef. = -0.154, P = 0.018). While, the intergenerational financial support in previous period exhibited a significant negative association with depressive symptoms, the 2, 3, and 4 periods did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational financial support has a significant negative effect on older adults' depressive symptoms over time, while the effect may diminish. Programs need to be explored to support home-based eldercare to mitigate this diminished effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaikai Dong
- School of Politics, Law & Public Administration, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruhai Bai
- School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanyue Dong
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Adams KB, Parekh R, Mauldin RL, Fortinsky RH, Steffens DC. The Risk for Loneliness and Major Depression among Solo Agers. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:962-971. [PMID: 36564863 PMCID: PMC10081956 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221146770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Solo agers may be vulnerable to social isolation and mental health sequelae, particularly if they lack close family or friendship ties. This study examined associations among indicators of solo aging, frequency of loneliness, and Major Depressive Disorder among adults aged 60+. Depressed participants were diagnosed by a geriatric psychiatrist and control participants were not depressed. We hypothesized that older adults with more indicators of solo aging (i.e., living alone, being unmarried, not having family or friends nearby) would be more often lonely and more likely to be depressed. In multivariate analyses controlling for health comorbidities and financial difficulty, each additional solo aging indicator significantly increased the likelihood of frequent loneliness, 95% CI OR [1.50, 2.80], and having a depression diagnosis 95% CI OR [1.04, 2.07]. Solo agers may be vulnerable to loneliness and depression, reinforcing the need for assessment and intervention for social isolation among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Betts Adams
- Independent Researcher, West Hartford, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Rupal Parekh
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | - Richard H. Fortinsky
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - David C. Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Pekalee A, Gray RS. In-home environment and happiness among older adults in Thailand. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1159350. [PMID: 37077188 PMCID: PMC10106684 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1159350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe fact that housing can play a critical role in maintaining the health and independence related to happiness of the older population has been studied in more developed countries. However, research on the effect of housing conditions on happiness is rare in less developed countries. This study aimed to construct and test a structural equation model describing the structural relationship among personal aspects (living alone and physical disability), in-home environment (sleeping place and toilet/bathroom), and happiness among older adults in Thailand.MethodThe data on the population age 75 years or over were extracted from the 2017 national Survey of Older Persons in Thailand (n = 7,829).ResultsThe median age of the sample population was 79. Almost 60 percent were women. The structural equation model showed a good fit with the data. Living alone did not directly influence happiness. Physical disability had a statistically significant negative direct effect on happiness. In-home environment not only had an impact on happiness directly, but also moderated the relationship between physical disability and happiness.ConclusionThe research suggested that interventions to improve happiness of older adults, particularly those with physical disability, should aim to adapt their housing, including sleeping place and toilet design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alongkorn Pekalee
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Alongkorn Pekalee,
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Yu Y, Lv J, Liu J, Chen Y, Chen K, Yang Y. Association between living arrangements and cognitive decline in older adults: A nationally representative longitudinal study in China. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:843. [DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Living arrangements are critical to the survival and well-being of older people, especially in China where the filial piety culture demands adult children care for and serve their parents. The study aimed to explore the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline among older people in China.
Methods
Participants included 6,074 older adults over 60 years old (49.65% male, mean age 67.2 years [range 60–98]) from four waves (2011–2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Two to four assessments were conducted over a follow-up of an average of 5.3 years (range, 2–7). Cognitive function was assessed using an adapted Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Living arrangements were classified as follows: living alone, living with spouse, living with adult children, living with spouse and adult children and living with others. Multilevel models were used to investigate the relationship between living arrangements and cognitive decline, as well as the gender difference.
Results
As the main type of living arrangements of the study participants (44.91%), living with spouse was taken as the reference group. Compared to the reference group, living alone (β=-0.126, P < 0.001), living with adult children (β=-0.136, P < 0.001), living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.040, P < 0.05) and living with others (β=-0.155, P < 0.05) were all related to a faster rate of cognitive decline. Further, the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline varied by gender. Living alone (β=-0.192, P < 0.001) was associated with a faster cognitive decline only in older men. Living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.053, P < 0.05) and living with others (β=-0.179, P < 0.05) were associated with faster cognitive decline only in older women.
Conclusion
This study suggests that living arrangements in older people in China were associated with cognitive decline, and these associations varied by gender. Greater attention to living arrangements might yield practical implications for preserving the cognitive function of the older population.
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Xia W, van Wijngaarden JDH, Huijsman R, Buljac-Samardžić M. Effect of Receiving Financial Support from Adult Children on Depression among Older Persons and the Mediating Role of Social Participation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912974. [PMID: 36232272 PMCID: PMC9566105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Older persons are vulnerable to depression SFduring the ageing process. Financial resources and social participation are expected to have an impact on depressive symptoms. This study investigated the relationship between financial support from children and depression among Chinese older persons, as well as the mediating effect of social participation in this relationship. Data from 7163 participants aged 60 and above were extracted from wave 2015 and 2018 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). A multivariate regression analysis was performed on both cross-sectional data and two-wave longitudinal data to test our hypotheses. The results revealed that financial support from children was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in both the short-term and the long-term. In addition, this relationship was partially mediated by social participation in the short-term association and fully mediated by social participation in the long-term, where financial support was positively related to social participation, and social participation was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. This study offers an in-depth insight into the relationship between financial support from children and depression among Chinese older persons. Policies and initiatives to stimulate social participation should be promoted to improve older persons' mental health.
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8
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Liu X, Xia X, Hu F, Hao Q, Hou L, Sun X, Zhang G, Yue J, Dong B. The mediation role of sleep quality in the relationship between cognitive decline and depression. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:178. [PMID: 35236297 PMCID: PMC8890949 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Associations between cognitive decline and depression have been inconclusive. We examined 1) whether sleep quality mediates these relationships and 2) which factor of sleep quality mediates these relationships. Methods This study utilized baseline data from the 2018 West China Health and Aging Trend study (WCHAT), a large cohort data-set that including participants aged over 50 years old. We defined depression using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognitive status was measured using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Direct relationships between cognitive decline, sleep quality and depression were assessed using multiple linear regression. Mediation models and structural equation model (SEM) pathway analysis were used to test the mediating role of specific aspects of sleep (e.g., quality, duration) in the relationship between cognitive decline and depression. Results Of 6828 participants aged 50 years old or older, the proportion of depression was 17.4%. Regression analysis indicated a total association between cognitive scores (β = 0.251, 95% CI 0.211 to 0.290, p < 0.001) and depression status. After adjusted PSQI scores, the association between cognitive scores and depression status was still significant (β = 0.242, 95% CI 0.203 to 0.281, p < 0.001), indicating a partial mediation effect of sleep quality. Mediation analysis verified sleep quality partially mediate the associations between cognitive decline and depression (indirect effect estimate = 0.0308, bootstrap 95% CI 0.023 to 0.040; direct effect estimate = 0.3124, bootstrap 95% CI 0.269 to 0.350). And daytime dysfunction had a highest mediation effect with a proportion of mediation up to 14.6%. Conclusions Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between cognitive decline and depression. Daytime dysfunction had a highest mediation effect. Further research is necessary to examine the effects of sleep quality on the relationship of cognitive decline and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fengjuan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. .,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Nicolini P, Abbate C, Inglese S, Mari D, Rossi PD, Cesari M. Socially desirable responding in geriatric outpatients with and without mild cognitive impairment and its association with the assessment of self-reported mental health. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:494. [PMID: 34525955 PMCID: PMC8442330 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socially desirable responding is a potentially relevant issue in older adults and can be evaluated with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). However, the eight-item MCSDS has never been specifically administered to geriatric subjects, and there is a dearth of literature on the relationship between social desirability and cognitive impairment. Also, the connection between social desirability and subjective measures of psychological well-being is a matter of controversy. This study has three main aims. First, to determine the psychometric properties of the eight-item MCSDS in geriatric outpatients without dementia (i.e. with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)). Second, to investigate the link between social desirability and cognitive functioning. Third, to determine the association between social desirability and the assessment of self-reported mental health. Methods Community-dwelling outpatients (aged ≥ 65) were consecutively recruited and neuropsychologically tested to diagnose NC or MCI (n = 299). Social desirability was assessed with the eight-item MCSDS. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured with the short Geriatric Depression (GDS-s) and the State-Trait Personality Inventory Trait Anxiety (STPI-TA) scales. Results On principal components analysis, the eight-item MCSDS was found to have a multidimensional structure. Of the initial three-component solution, only two subscales had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.6): “Acceptance of responsibility” and “Integrity”. The third subscale (“Kindness towards others”) appeared to gauge two distinct constructs of formal (i.e. politeness) versus substantive (i.e. forgiveness) compassion. On binary logistic regression, only higher income was a significant predictor of formal compassion. Test-retest reliability was substantial to excellent (Gwet’s AC2 ≥ 0.8). There were no meaningful differences in social desirability between the NC and MCI groups. Likewise, negative Spearman’s correlations between social desirability and cognitive Z-scores across the whole sample were weak (rs < |0.3|) and confined to one MCSDS item. Although social desirability was an independent predictor of the STPI-TA score in multiple linear regression, it explained only a marginal amount of incremental variance in anxiety symptoms (less than 2%). Conclusions Our results suggest that social desirability need not be a major concern when using questionnaires to assess mental health in geriatric outpatients without dementia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02435-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolini
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Abbate
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Inglese
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo D Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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