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Yu JM, Liang ZY, Fu YH, Peng XL, Zheng YP, Dong YJ, He JS. Coexistence of adeno-associated virus 2 with adenovirus 18 or herpesvirus may be associated with severe lingual papillomatosis in an immunocompromised individual. Virol Sin 2024; 39:705-707. [PMID: 38914259 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Mei Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ze-Yin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuan-Hui Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Peng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan-Peng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Jun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Bouazizi A, Ben Hadj Fredj M, Bennour H, Jerbi A, Ouafa kallala, Fodha I, Trabelsi A. Molecular analysis of adenovirus strains responsible for gastroenteritis in children, under five, in Tunisia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22969. [PMID: 38163238 PMCID: PMC10754908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of work Enteric Adenovirus (EAdV) is recognized as one of the most commonly identified agents responsible for severe acute gastroenteritis (AGEs) in the stools of infants.We sought to determine the rate of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections, and the genotypic characterization of circulating strains of HAdV in children under 5 years of age with AGEs in university and regional hospitals, located in the Center-East of Tunisia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods A classic PCR was performed on 582 stool samples taken within 5 days of the onset of symptoms. Chosen positive samples were sequenced, and some of the results were confirmed by the Next Generation Sequencing technique (NGS). Partial nucleotide sequences of the Hexon gene obtained in this study were compared with the NCBI GenBank database using BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using MEGA6 software. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum-likelihood method and bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replications. Results Out of 582 samples, 52 (8.93 %) cases were positive for HAdV, with a male predominance (57.4 %). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Tunisian HAdV strains clustered into five HAdV lineages corresponding to serotypes F41 (14/28), C2 (9/28), C5 (3/28), E4 (1/28), and A18 (1/28). HAdV was more frequent in children aged up to 12 months, as compared to the other age groups. The HAdV activity was noted in almost all the months of the year with a peak in autumn, in 2014 and 2015, and in winter in 2016. Conclusion This study showed that infections with HAdV species were frequent in children suffering from AGE with the predominance of HAdV F41 and C2. This result underlines the importance of regular monitoring of circulating genotypes, and it could be useful for future epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazizi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Hadj Fredj
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bennour
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jerbi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ouafa kallala
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imene Fodha
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhalim Trabelsi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Saha R, Majumdar A, Chaudhuri RD, Chatterjee A, Lo M, Dutta S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Molecular epidemiology of circulating human adenoviruses among acute respiratory infection patients seeking healthcare facilities in West Bengal, India. Virology 2023; 588:109912. [PMID: 37913611 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes acute respiratory infections leading to mortality in children. This study analyzes the circulating respiratory HAdV genotypes in West Bengal, India during 2018-2022 among symptomatic patients. The overall positivity rate was 6.8%, out of which 26.4% were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. Children aged 2 to 5 years were mostly infected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the recombinant HAdV-B type 7/3, which has remarkable outbreak potential, predominantly circulated in this region followed by the non-recombinant HAdV-B type 3/3. Moreover, the amino acid sequences encoded by both the hexon and fiber genes of these two circulating strains possessed a few mutations that mostly diverged from the prototype strain, although the divergence was less pronounced in case of the amino acids encoded by the fiber gene of HAdV-B type 3/3. Overall, the results underscore the need for continuous surveillance of respiratory HAdV types to combat future possible epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritubrita Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Agniva Majumdar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratul Datta Chaudhuri
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Chatterjee
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahadeb Lo
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Opere MW. Analysing the interplay of environmental virology, public health, and sanitation: a comprehensive review from a Kenyan perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1256822. [PMID: 37942480 PMCID: PMC10629379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1256822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the interplay between environmental virology, public health, and sanitation in the unique context of Kenya. The review sheds light on the specific viral threats faced by the country, including waterborne viruses, zoonotic infections, and emerging viral diseases, and their implications for public health. It explores the prevailing public health challenges in Kenya associated with environmental viromics, such as infectious viral diseases, and the rising burden of other infectious particles. The role of sanitation in mitigating viral infections is highlighted, emphasising the importance of clean water supply, proper waste management, and hygienic practises. The review also presents strategies for strengthening environmental virology research in Kenya, including enhancing laboratory capacities and leveraging technological advancements. Furthermore, the policy implications and recommendations derived from the review emphasise the need for multi-sectoral collaboration, evidence-based decision-making, and long-term investments in infrastructure and behaviour change interventions. Implementing these strategies can enhance the understanding of environmental virology, improve public health outcomes, and ensure sustainable sanitation practises in Kenya, ultimately contributing to the well-being of the population and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wasonga Opere
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Hugho EA, Kumburu HH, Amani NB, Mseche B, Maro A, Ngowi LE, Kyara Y, Kinabo G, Thomas KM, Houpt ER, Liu J, Hald T, Mmbaga BT. Enteric Pathogens Detected in Children under Five Years Old Admitted with Diarrhea in Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040618. [PMID: 37111504 PMCID: PMC10143310 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability and wide coverage of rotavirus vaccinations in Tanzania, there is still a significant number of diarrhea cases being reported, with some patients requiring hospital admission. We investigated diarrhea-causing pathogens and determined the effect of co-infection on clinical symptoms. Total nucleic acid was extracted from archived stool samples (N = 146) collected from children (0-59 months) admitted with diarrhea in health facilities in Moshi, Kilimanjaro. Pathogen detection was performed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction with custom TaqMan Array cards. The Poisson model was used to determine the effect of co-infection on clinical presentation during admission. Of all the participants, 56.85% were from rural Moshi with a median age of 11.74 months (IQR: 7.41-19.09). Vomiting (88.36%) and a fever (60.27%) were the most frequent clinical manifestations. At least one diarrhea-associated pathogen was detected in 80.14% (n = 117) of the study population. The most prevalent pathogens were rotavirus 38.36% (n = 56), adenovirus 40/41 19.86% (n = 29), Shigella/EIEC 12.33% (n = 18), norovirus GII 11.44% (n = 17) and Cryptosporidium 9.59% (n = 14). Co-infections were detected in 26.03% of the study population (n = 38). The presence of multiple pathogens in the stool samples of children with diarrhea indicates poor sanitation and may have significant implications for disease management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrasia A Hugho
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Happiness H Kumburu
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Nelson B Amani
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Bahati Mseche
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Athanasia Maro
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Lilian E Ngowi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Yudathadei Kyara
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Grace Kinabo
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
- Department of Pediatrics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
| | - Kate M Thomas
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety, Ministry of Primary Industries, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - Eric R Houpt
- Division of infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Tine Hald
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
- Department of Pediatrics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi 25102, Tanzania
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Biškup UG, Steyer A, Lusa L, Strle F, Pokorn M, Mrvič T, Grosek Š, Petrovec M, Jevšnik Virant M. Molecular Typing of Mastadenoviruses in Simultaneously Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Stool Samples from Children Hospitalized for Acute Bronchiolitis, Acute Gastroenteritis, and Febrile Seizures. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030780. [PMID: 36985353 PMCID: PMC10058226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determines and compares the frequency of human mastadenovirus (HAdV) presence in children with acute bronchiolitis (AB), acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and febrile seizures (FS), ascertains types of HAdVs associated with each individual syndrome and contrasts the findings with a control group of children. The presence of HAdVs was ascertained in simultaneously collected nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and stool samples amplifying the hexon gene by RT-PCR; these were sequenced to determine the types of HAdVs. HAdVs were grouped into eight different genotypes. Of these, three (F40, F41, and A31) were found solely in stool samples, whereas the others (B3, C1, C2, C5, and C6) were found in both stool samples and NP swabs. The most common genotypes in NP swabs were C2 (found in children with AGE and FS) and C1 (only in children with FS), whereas in stool samples genotypes F41 (in children with AGE) and C2 (in children with AGE and FS) prevailed, and C2 was simultaneously present in both samples. HAdVs were more often detected in stool samples than in NP swabs in patients (with the highest estimated viral load in stool samples in children with AB and AGE) and healthy controls and were more common in NP swabs in children with AGE than in children with AB. In most patients, the characterized genotypes in NP swabs and stool samples were in concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Glinšek Biškup
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Steyer
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lara Lusa
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Pokorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Pediatrics, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Mrvič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Štefan Grosek
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Neonatology Section, Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Therapy, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Jevšnik Virant
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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An Old Acquaintance: Could Adenoviruses Be Our Next Pandemic Threat? Viruses 2023; 15:v15020330. [PMID: 36851544 PMCID: PMC9966032 DOI: 10.3390/v15020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are one of the most important pathogens detected in acute respiratory diseases in pediatrics and immunocompromised patients. In 1953, Wallace Rowe described it for the first time in oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue. To date, more than 110 types of HAdV have been described, with different cellular tropisms. They can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, even urinary tract inflammation, although most infections are asymptomatic. However, there is a population at risk that can develop serious and even lethal conditions. These viruses have a double-stranded DNA genome, 25-48 kbp, 90 nm in diameter, without a mantle, are stable in the environment, and resistant to fat-soluble detergents. Currently the diagnosis is made with lateral flow immunochromatography or molecular biology through a polymerase chain reaction. This review aimed to highlight the HAdV variability and the pandemic potential that a HAdV3 and 7 recombinant could have considering the aggressive outbreaks produced in health facilities. Herein, we described the characteristics of HAdV, from the infection to treatment, vaccine development, and the evaluation of the social determinants of health associated with HAdV, suggesting the necessary measures for future sanitary control to prevent disasters such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with an emphasis on the use of recombinant AdV vaccines to control other potential pandemics.
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Allayeh AK, Al-Daim SA, Ahmed N, El-Gayar M, Mostafa A. Isolation and Genotyping of Adenoviruses from Wastewater and Diarrheal Samples in Egypt from 2016 to 2020. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102192. [PMID: 36298747 PMCID: PMC9609437 DOI: 10.3390/v14102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a prevalent cause of diarrhea in children all over the world. Adenoviral infections are responsible for 2% to 10% of diarrheic cases. A long-term investigation was required to gain better knowledge about the incidence of HAdV in Egypt. Herein, we conducted 5 years of detection, isolation, and genotyping of HAdV in fecal and sewage samples from 2016 to 2020, in Cairo, Egypt using molecular and cell culture assays. Human adenoviruses were identified in 35 of 447 fecal samples (7.8%), but only 53.3% (64/120) of the sewage samples. Children under the age of two had the highest positive rate for HAdV infection (77.1%). Species F of HAdV was the most common prevalent genotype in fecal and sewage samples, at 88.5% and 85.9%, respectively. The most prevalent genotypes detected in fecal samples were HAdV-41 (71.2%), HAdV-40 (17.2%), HAdV-6 (5.7%), and HAdV-1 (5.7%). In contrast, the most common genotypes in sewage samples were HAdV-41 (64%), HAdVs-40 (21.8%), HAdV-6 (7.8%), HAdV-1 (4.7%), and HAdV-2 (1.6%). HAdV was detected in all months of the year, with a peak period for clinical samples from December to February (p < 0.001), which matched Egypt’s rainy season, while the monthly distribution of HAdV in sewage samples remained consistent throughout the year, with no statistically significant peak period. Interestingly, the HAdV-type 41 genotype was the most common genotype during all of the years of this study. Throughout a 5-year period, our work revealed the infection rate, seasonal distribution, virus isolates, and genetic diversity of HAdV infections in environmental and clinical samples in Cairo, Egypt. Non-enteric adenovirus types (1, 2 and 6), as well as enteric adenovirus (41 and 40), may play a key role in gastroenteritis in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Virology Lab 176, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.K.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Sahar Abd Al-Daim
- Virology Lab 176, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nehal Ahmed
- Virology Lab 176, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Gayar
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, El-Qobba Bridge, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.K.A.); (A.M.)
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Wang L, Guo H, Li J, He S, Yang G, Li E. Adenovirus is prevalent in juvenile polyps and correlates with low vitamin D receptor expression. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1703-1708. [PMID: 34400787 PMCID: PMC8365564 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in juvenile polyps (JPs) and to preliminarily establish a correlation to vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. METHODS The study includes 76 patients of 5.2 ± 2.8 years old. Seventy-eight JP specimens and 24 parapolyp tissues from polypectomy were used. PCR was used to detect HAdV DNA and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for viral and host gene expression. The PCR products were sequenced for virus typing. The correlation between VDR expression and HAdV infection was established using nonparametric Spearman's analysis. RESULTS Seventy-four children (97.4%) had a single polyp and two had two polyps. The histopathological characteristics of the polyps were in line with JP. Thirty-three samples had HAdV DNA (43.4%), including 32 subgroup C and 1 subgroup B HAdV; no enteric HAdV was detected. HAdV messenger RNA was detected in 5 of the 33 samples (15.2%). The samples had increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and calprotectin expression, and reduced E-cadherin and VDR expression. JP samples with low VDR expression were more prevalent of HAdV DNA (r = 1.261, 95% confidence interval, 1.017-1.563), while VDR expression positively correlated with E-cadherin and negatively with inflammation gene expression. CONCLUSIONS HAdV latent infection was prevalent among JP tissues. The presence of HAdV correlated positively to low VDR expression. IMPACT The HAdVs infect the upper airways and gastrointestinal system and is found to persist in lymphoid tissues. The prevalence of HAdV and the status of the infection is unknown. The study investigated the prevalence of HAdV from polypectomy specimens of JP patients and found that HAdV was prevalent and was in a persistent state. HAdV infection was more prevalent in samples with low VDR expression. Whether HAdV infection and reactivation is a contributing factor to JPs is unknown. Factors such as proinflammation and bacterial metabolites that are known to promote HAdV reactivation warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Changzhou #2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susu He
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Erguang Li
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Mitra S, Lo M, Saha R, Deb AK, Debnath F, Miyoshi S, Dutta S, Chawla‐Sarkar M. Epidemiology of major entero‐pathogenic viruses and genetic characterization of Group A rotaviruses among children (≤5 years) with acute gastroenteritis in eastern India, 2018‐2020. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:758-783. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvrotoa Mitra
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Mahadeb Lo
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Ritubrita Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Alok K. Deb
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Falguni Debnath
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Shin‐Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Disease ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Mamta Chawla‐Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
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11
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:800-821. [PMID: 34918322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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12
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Low Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrheal Samples from Central Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute viral gastroenteritis is a disorder that affects children globally but mostly in developing countries. Adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses are the leading viral causes of childhood gastroenteritis. Objectives: This study is the first to investigate the frequency of these viruses in diarrheal samples from pediatric patients living in central Iran. Methods: A total of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, from May 2015 to May 2016, were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were analyzed using in-house developed PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR methods to investigate the frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses. Results: Out of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, eight were shown to contain enteric viruses (4.6%): (1) four with adenoviruses (2.3%); (2) three with rotaviruses (1.7%); and (3) one with a genogroup II norovirus (0.6%). Most of the positive samples were obtained from children under the age of seven. The most common additional clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with viral agents were fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Conclusions: In central Iran, adenoviruses and rotaviruses were rarely found as agents responsible for gastroenteritis. Although viral gastroenteritis in this area had less frequency than bacterial gastroenteritis, we need to monitor all enteropathogenic agents for longer periods to understand better real endemicity and the possibility of unexpected viral enteritis outbreaks.
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Hasan H, Nasirudeen NA, Ruzlan MAF, Mohd Jamil MA, Ismail NAS, Wahab AA, Ali A. Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis: The Causative Agents, Omics-Based Detection of Antigens and Novel Biomarkers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1112. [PMID: 34943308 PMCID: PMC8700514 DOI: 10.3390/children8121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) is among the leading causes of mortality in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. There are many causative agents that lead to this infection, with rotavirus being the commonest pathogen in the past decade. However, this trend is now being progressively replaced by another agent, which is the norovirus. Apart from the viruses, bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli and parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica also contribute to AGE. These agents can be recognised by their respective biological markers, which are mainly the specific antigens or genes to determine the causative pathogen. In conjunction to that, omics technologies are currently providing crucial insights into the diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis at the molecular level. Recent advancement in omics technologies could be an important tool to further elucidate the potential causative agents for AGE. This review will explore the current available biomarkers and antigens available for the diagnosis and management of the different causative agents of AGE. Despite the high-priced multi-omics approaches, the idea for utilization of these technologies is to allow more robust discovery of novel antigens and biomarkers related to management AGE, which eventually can be developed using easier and cheaper detection methods for future clinical setting. Thus, prediction of prognosis, virulence and drug susceptibility for active infections can be obtained. Case management, risk prediction for hospital-acquired infections, outbreak detection, and antimicrobial accountability are aimed for further improvement by integrating these capabilities into a new clinical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haziqah Hasan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Nor Ashika Nasirudeen
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Alif Farhan Ruzlan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Aiman Mohd Jamil
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
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14
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De Francesco MA, Lorenzin G, Meini A, Schumacher RF, Caruso A. Nonenteric Adenoviruses Associated with Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0030021. [PMID: 34319131 PMCID: PMC8552676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00300-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The object of this study was to investigate the frequency of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in hospitalized pediatric patients. Stool samples were collected during a 1-year period (February 2018 to January 2019). HAdV was detected by a broad-range PCR and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic characteristics and detailed clinical information were analyzed for each patient. HAdV was detected in 7.1% of stool samples (34/476). Among these patients, 23.5% were coinfected with other enteric viral or bacterial pathogens. The majority (85.2%) of HAdV positives were detected in children of <5 years of age. Two HAdV species (B and C) with three types were identified in this study population. HAdV species F was not detected. Genetic analysis shows that the isolates circulating in our region present high diversity and do not exhibit clonal expansion. The presence of nonenteric HAdV in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms and in immunocompromised patients has already been reported by different studies and underlines the need to develop routine molecular assays that have wide reactivity for most types of adenovirus in order to obtain an optimal tool for their rapid and accurate diagnosis. IMPORTANCE Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death among infants and children worldwide. Our study shows that adenovirus types other than 40 and 41 might be related to acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, a novel approach using diagnostic methods able to detect all adenovirus types is desirable in order to overcome the limitations of the current techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia De Francesco
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lorenzin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Meini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Richard Fabian Schumacher
- Pediatrics Clinic, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Haemato-Oncology and BMT Unit, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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15
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Wang X, Wang D, Umar S, Qin S, Ling Q, Gray GC, Liu Y. Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:748. [PMID: 34344310 PMCID: PMC8330471 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused at least seven outbreaks since 2000. However, limited studies are available regarding the epidemiological patterns and diversity of HAdVs types among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods To understand the epidemiology and subtype distribution of HAdV infections associated with RTIs in China, nasal swab (NS) clinical samples were collected from 4129 patients in a Guangzhou hospital between August 2017 and October 2019. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on these specimens to identify HAdV subtypes. Results HAdV was successfully sequenced in 99 (2.4%) of the 4129 NS specimens, with the highest HAdV prevalence (6.3%) found in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Among HAdV-positive specimens, the most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (55.6%) and HAdV-B7 (25.3%). The most common symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever (100%), cough (80.8%), and rhinorrhea (71.8%). HAdV infections were detected throughout the year with a relatively higher prevalence in summer. Conclusion All ages suffer adenovirus infections, but young children are at the greatest risk. This study data demonstrates that at least three species of HAdVs (species B, C, and E) are circulating in Guangzhou City, China. As antiviral therapies and type-specific vaccines become available, such epidemiological data will be useful in guiding therapy and public health interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06412-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawei Wang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajid Umar
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Ling
- Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, School of Medicine, DUMC Box 102359, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Jia R, Xu J. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus and classic human astrovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, 2017-2018. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:713. [PMID: 34325664 PMCID: PMC8320412 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to rotavirus and norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV) and classic human astrovirus (classic HAstV) are important pathogens of acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we present the molecular epidemiology of HAdV and classic HAstV in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai. METHODS Fecal specimens were collected from 804 outpatient infants and young children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2018. All of the samples were screened for the presence of HAdV and classic HAstV. HAdV and classic HAstV were detected using traditional PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. All of the HAdV and classic HAstV positive samples were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Among the 804 fecal samples, 8.58% (69/804) of samples were infected with either HAdV or classic HAstV, and five were co-infected with two diarrhea viruses. The overall detection rates of HAdV and classic HAstV were 3.47% (28/804) and 5.22% (42/804), respectively. Four subgroups (A, B, C, and F) and seven genotypes (HAdV-C1, -C2, -B3, -C5, -A31, -F40, and -F41) of HAdV were detected. Subgroup F had the highest constituent ratio at 64.29% (18/28), followed by non-enteric HAdV of subgroup C (21.43%, 6/28) and subgroup B 10.71% (3/28). HAdV-F41 (60.71%, 17/28) was the dominant genotype, followed by HAdV-C2 (14.29%, 4/28) and HAdV-B3 (10.71%, 3/28). Two genotypes of classic HAstV (HAstV-1 and HAstV-5) were identified in 42 samples during the study period; HAstV-1 (95.24%, 40/42) was the predominant genotype, and the other two strains were genotyped as HAstV-5. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the detection rates of HAdV (P = 0.604) and classic HAstV (P = 0.275). Over half of the HAdV infections (82.14%, 23/28) and classic HAstV infections (66.67%, 28/42) occurred in children less than 36 months. Seasonal preferences of HAdV and classic HAstV infections were summer and winter, respectively. In this study, the common clinical symptoms of children with acute diarrhea were diarrhea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HAdV and classic HAstV play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea in children in Shanghai. Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV and classic HAstV are needed to monitor their prevalence in children and prevent major outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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17
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Souza YFVPD, Souza EVD, Azevedo LSD, Medeiros RS, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Enteric adenovirus epidemiology from historical fecal samples in Brazil (1998-2005): Pre-rotavirus vaccine era. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105007. [PMID: 34293482 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is recognized as frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis and enteric viruses can be preserved in frozen stored feces for long periods of times. The purpose of the present study was to investigate enteric HAdV genotypic diversity in archival fecal specimens stored from 1998 to 2005 in order to understand the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil before rotavirus vaccine introduction. A total of 3346 specimens were tested for HAdV using conventional PCR. Genotypes were identified by sequencing. HAdV was detected in 6.8% (228/3346). Positivity was higher in children ≤ 5 years and males (p < 0.05). HAdV was most frequently observed during winter and spring seasons (p < 0.05). HAdV-F41 was the most prevalent genotype (59.2%;135/228), followed by HAdV-F40 (16.2%;37/228), HAdV-C1 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C2 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C5 (3.1%;7/228), HAdV-A12 (1.3%;3/228), HAdV-E4 (0.9%;2/228), HAdV-B3 (0.9%;2/228) and HAdV-B21 (0.4%;1/228). In 7.6% (17/228) only species D could be defined. HAdV-E4 strains were phylogenetic analyzed and classified as lineage (a)-like PG II. HAdV prevalence remained stable in Brazilian population, regardless rotavirus vaccine introduction. The predominant HAdV genotypes detected did not change over time, highlighting a high diversity of circulating strains in the country throughout decades. Due to the historical lack of HAdV genotyping surveillance in Brazil, HAdV-E4 epidemiology is virtually unknown in the country. The present study contributed significantly to the understanding of the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil. The acquired data are important for clinical diagnosis, particularly for studies investigating enteric viruses' prevalence and molecular epidemiology of archival clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Souza EVD, de Souza YFVP, Medeiros RS, de Azevedo LS, de Queiroz TGA, Sanz-Duro RL, Marinho RDSS, Komninakis SV, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Diversity of enteric and non-enteric human adenovirus strains in Brazil, 2006-2011. Arch Virol 2021; 166:897-903. [PMID: 33459882 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During 2006-2011, 5035 fecal samples were tested by PCR for human adenovirus (HAdV) and sequenced. HAdV was detected in 198 cases (3.9%), with the highest rate in children ≤ 5 years. Enteric HAdVs were the most prevalent genotypes (78%; 146/187): HAdV-F41 (63.6%; 119/187), HAdV-F40 (12.3%; 23/187), HAdV-A12 (1.6%; 3/187) and HAdV-A31 (0.5%; 1/187). Non-enteric HAdVs were detected in 22% (41/187): HAdV-C1 (8.0%; 15/187), HAdV-C2 (6.9%; 13/187), HAdV-C5 (4.3%; 8/187), HAdV-D8 (1.3%; 2/187), HAdV-B21 (0.5%; 1/187), HAdV-B3 (0.5%; 1/187) and HAdV-C6 (0.5%; 1/187). This 6-year retrospective study points out a high diversity of HAdV types circulating in Brazil and highlights the need to carry out molecular epidemiological studies of HAdV among patients with acute diarrheal infection on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Salzone Medeiros
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Lais Sampaio de Azevedo
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil.
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Alsuwaidi AR, Al Dhaheri K, Al Hamad S, George J, Ibrahim J, Ghatasheh G, Issa M, Al-Hammadi S, Narchi H. Etiology of diarrhea by multiplex polymerase chain reaction among young children in the United Arab Emirates: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33407198 PMCID: PMC7788778 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the etiology of childhood diarrhea in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) especially after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal pathogens in children with diarrhea (cases) and the carriage rate of these pathogens in asymptomatic children (controls). Methods Stool samples were collected from 203 cases and 73 controls who presented to two major hospitals in Al Ain city, UAE. Samples were analyzed with Allplex™ Gastrointestinal Full Panel Assay for common entero-pathogens. The association between diarrhea and the isolated pathogens was calculated in a multivariate logistic regression model. The adjusted attributable fractions (aAFs) were calculated for all pathogens significantly associated with cases. Results At least one pathogen was identified in 87 samples (42.8%) from cases and 17 (23.3%) from controls (P < 0.001). Rotavirus, norovirus GII and adenovirus were significantly more prevalent in cases. Their aAFs with 95% ci are 0.95 (0.64, 1.00) for rotavirus, 0.86 (0.38, 0.97) for norovirus GII and 0.84 (0.29, 0.96) for adenovirus. None of the 13 bacteria tested for were more commonly found in the cases than in controls. Cryptosporidium spp. were more significantly detected in cases than in controls. Co-infections occurred in 27.9% of the children. Viruses and parasites were significantly more likely to occur together only in the cases. Conclusions Multiplex PCR revealed high positivity rates in both cases and controls which demand a cautious interpretation. Rotavirus remains the main childhood diarrhea pathogen in UAE. Effective strategies are needed to better control rotavirus and other causative pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05693-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Klaithem Al Dhaheri
- Institute of Child Health, Al Ain Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sania Al Hamad
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Junu George
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Judy Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ghassan Ghatasheh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohammed Issa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hassib Narchi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
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20
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Gibory M, Dembinski JL, Flem E, Haltbakk I, Dudman SG. Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3151-3156. [PMID: 32410230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness in both adults and children worldwide and is caused by several microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus (RV), which is the main cause of AGE, can occur as a mixed infection with other viruses. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Gibory
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elmira Flem
- Department of Infection Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ildri Haltbakk
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne G Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tahmasebi R, Luchs A, Tardy K, Hefford PM, Tinker RJ, Eilami O, de Padua Milagres FA, Brustulin R, Teles MDAR, Dos Santos Morais V, Moreira CHV, Buccheri R, Araújo ELL, Villanova F, Deng X, Sabino EC, Delwart E, Leal É, Charlys da Costa A. Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1280-1288. [PMID: 33044150 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is one of the most common pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Brazil is a country with continental dimensions where continuous multiregional surveillance is vital to establish a more complete picture of the epidemiology of HAdV-F. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-F using full-genome data in rural and low-income urban areas in northern Brazil. This will allow a genetic comparison between Brazilian and global HAdV-F strains. The frequency of HAdV-F infections in patients with gastroenteritis and molecular typing of positive samples within this period was also analysed. A total of 251 stool samples collected between 2010 and 2016 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAdV-F using next-generation sequencing techniques. HAdV-F infection was detected in 57.8 % (145/251) of samples. A total of 137 positive samples belonged to HAdV-F41 and 7 to HAdV-F40. HAdV-F40/41 dual infection was found in one sample. Detection rates did not vary significantly according to the year. Single HAdV-F infections were detected in 21.9 % (55/251) of samples and mixed infections in 37.4 % (94/251), with RVA/HAdV-F being the most frequent association (21.5 %; 54/251). Genetic analysis indicated that the HAdV-F strains circulating in Brazil were closely related to worldwide strains, and the existence of some temporal order was not observed. This is the first large-scale HAdV-F study in Brazil in which whole-genome data and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize HAdV-F strains. Expanding the viral genome database could improve overall genotyping success and assist the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/GenBank in standardizing the HAdV genome records by providing a large set of annotated HAdV-F genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Tahmasebi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaelan Tardy
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rory J Tinker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Owrang Eilami
- School of Medicine Social, Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Buccheri
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation Department of the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
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Adenovirus Infection Is Predicted by Prolonged Duration of Diarrhea among Rotavirus-Vaccinated Children below Five Years of Age in Mwanza, Tanzania. Int J Pediatr 2020; 2020:9303216. [PMID: 33014079 PMCID: PMC7519179 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9303216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in many resource-limited countries including Tanzania among children below five years of age. A significant number of diarrhea cases associated with severe dehydration are still being reported among children despite five years of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Tanzania necessitating the need to investigate other causes of diarrhea in this population. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of human adenovirus infection and associated factors among rotavirus-vaccinated children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2017 involving 137 children less than two years of age admitted with acute diarrhea in the health facilities located in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sociodemographic and other relevant information were collected using standardized rotavirus surveillance tool adopted from WHO. Stool specimens were collected and tested for human adenovirus antigen using immunochromatographic tests. Data were analyzed by using STATA version 13. The median age of enrolled children was 12 (IQR 8-17) months. The prevalence of human adenovirus was found to be 46 (33.6%, 95% CI: 25-41). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, only prolonged duration of diarrhea (OR: 1.619, 95% CI: 1.142-2.295, p = 0.007) was found to predict human adenovirus infection among rotavirus-vaccinated children with acute diarrhea. A significant proportion of rotavirus-vaccinated children with prolonged acute diarrhea have adenovirus infection. There is a need to consider other viral pathogens as potential cause of diarrhea especially in this postrotavirus vaccination period.
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23
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Successful Treatment of Adenovirus Infection with Brincidofovir in an Immunocompromised Patient after Hematological Stem Cell Transplantation. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:5981289. [PMID: 31970003 PMCID: PMC6973187 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5981289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), HIV, and malnourished patients, are at increased risk for viral infections with high incidences of morbidity and mortality. In HSCT patients, the infection risk is increased until immune reconstitution is re-established. Therapy with standard of care antiviral drugs, for example Cidofovir, is expensive, requires prolonged administration, and has unfavorable toxicity profiles. Our case describes the successful use of Brincidofovir (CMX001), a lipid-conjugate of the nucleotide analog Cidofovir, in a 9-year-old post-HSCT girl with disseminated adenovirus infection. The increased efficacy of Brincidofovir (BCV) against multiple viral infections, limited toxicity, and oral-administered schedule opens options in different resource settings.
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24
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Lange CE, Niama FR, Cameron K, Olson SH, Aime Nina R, Ondzie A, Bounga G, Smith BR, Pante J, Reed P, Tamufe U, Laudisoit A, Goldstein T, Bagamboula MPassi R, Joly DO. First evidence of a new simian adenovirus clustering with Human mastadenovirus F viruses. Virol J 2019; 16:147. [PMID: 31775793 PMCID: PMC6880561 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoviruses play an important role as human pathogens, though most infections are believed to be asymptomatic. The over 100 human adenovirus types are classified into seven species (A-G), some of which include simian adenoviruses. Recent findings have highlighted that simian adenoviruses have a zoonotic potential and that some human adenoviruses are likely the result of relatively recent spillover events. Methods In order to evaluate the risks associated with primates hunted and sold as bushmeat, multiple samples from 24 freshly killed monkeys were collected in the Republic of the Congo and tested for adenovirus DNA by PCRs targeting the conserved DNA polymerase and hexon genes. Results The DNA of a novel simian adenovirus was detected in a moustached monkey (Cercopithecus cephus) by the DNA polymerase PCR, but not by the hexon PCR. The 275 nucleotide amplicon was most closely related to members of the Human mastadenovirusF species (93% HAdV-40 and 89% HAdV-41 amino acid identity), rather than to other known simian adenoviruses. Conclusions The phylogenetic clustering with Human mastadenovirusF sequences suggests a common ancestor, more recent than the last common ancestor of humans and moustached monkeys. The findings increase concerns about the zoonotic potential of simian adenoviruses and highlight the need for more research and surveillance on the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien R Niama
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Kenneth Cameron
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,Unites States Fish and Wildlife Service, Crossroads VA, Bailey's, USA
| | - Sarah H Olson
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Rock Aime Nina
- Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Brett R Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Pante
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Damien O Joly
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, BC, Canada
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25
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Gelaw A, Pietsch C, Liebert UG. Genetic diversity of human adenovirus and human astrovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Northwest Ethiopia. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2985-2993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Sciandra I, Piccioni L, Coltella L, Ranno S, Giannelli G, Falasca F, Antonelli G, Concato C, Turriziani O. Comparative analysis of 2 commercial molecular tests for the detection of gastroenteric viruses on stool samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 96:114893. [PMID: 31677959 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to compare the performance of 2 recently introduced molecular tests for the identification of gastrointestinal viral infections. METHODS One hundred fecal samples from pediatric patients were analyzed using 2 workflows, each including nucleic acids extraction and multiplex Real-Time PCR: Allplex™ GI-Virus Assay and FTD Viral gastroenteritis. The agreement was evaluated calculating Cohen's kappa and applying McNemar's test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Allplex and FTD assays showed 100% overall agreement for Norovirus GI/GII and Sapovirus (κ: 1.00), and 99% for Astrovirus (κ: 0.66). A lower agreement was detected for Adenovirus (89%; κ: 0.72) and Rotavirus (91%, k: 0.53), owing to samples resulted positive only with FTD test. The discrepancies were attributed to a different efficiency of extraction/amplification and to the different Adenovirus serotype specificity of the tests since Allplex detects only AdVF40 and AdVF41. FTD test should be used when non enteric adenovirus could have a clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sciandra
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - L Piccioni
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Coltella
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Ranno
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - F Falasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Concato
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - O Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand, 2011 to 2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220263. [PMID: 31369615 PMCID: PMC6675392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is known to be a common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. Infection with adenovirus is responsible for 2–10% of diarrheic cases. To increase a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of HAdV infection, a large scale and long-term study was needed. We implemented a multi-year molecular detection and characterization study of HAdV in association with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2011 to 2017. Out of 2,312 patients, HAdV was detected in 165 cases (7.2%). The positive rate for HAdV infection was highest in children of 1 and 2 years of age compared to other age groups. HAdV subgroup C (40.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by subgroups F (28.5%), B (20.6%), A and D (4.8% each), and E (0.6%). Of these, HAdV-F41 (22.4%), HAdV-C2 (18.2%), HAdV-B3 (15.2%), and HAdV-C1 (13.3%) were the most common genotypes detected. HAdV infection occurred throughout the year with a higher detection rate between May and July. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the infection rate, seasonal distribution and genotype diversity of HAdV infection in children with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand over a period of 7 year. Not only enteric adenovirus (F40 and F41) but also non-enteric adenovirus (B3, C1, C2) may play an important role in gastroenteritis in this area. The information will be beneficial for the prevention and control of HAdV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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28
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Yoo J, Park J, Lee HK, Yu JK, Lee GD, Park KG, Oak HC, Park YJ. Comparative Evaluation of Seegene Allplex Gastrointestinal, Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel, and BD MAX Enteric Assays for Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Clinical Stool Specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:999-1005. [PMID: 30763118 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0002-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. OBJECTIVE.— To compare the performance of Seegene Allplex Gastrointestinal (24 targets: 13 bacteria, 5 viruses, and 6 parasites in 4 panels), Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (15 targets: 9 bacteria, 3 viruses, and 3 parasites), and BD MAX Enteric panel (5 bacteria and 3 parasites). We estimated the agreement among 3 molecular assays. DESIGN.— A total of 858 stool samples (554 bacterial/parasite and 304 viral pathogens) were included. A consensus positive/negative was defined as concordant results from at least 2 tests. To evaluate the agreement among the assays, κ value was calculated. RESULTS.— The overall positive percentage agreements of Seegene, Luminex, and BD MAX were 94% (258 of 275), 92% (254 of 275), and 78% (46 of 59), respectfully. For Salmonella, Luminex showed low negative percentage agreement because of frequent false positives (n = 31) showing low median fluorescent intensity. For viruses, positive/negative percentage agreements of Seegene and Luminex were 99%/96% and 93%/99%, respectively. Compared with routine microbiology testing, Seegene, Luminex, and BD MAX additionally identified 39, 40, and 12 pathogens, respectively. Sixty-one cases (16 cases with Seegene, 51 cases with Luminex, and 1 case with BD MAX) showed positive results for multiple pathogens, but only 3 were consensus positive. CONCLUSIONS.— These multiplex molecular assays appear to be promising tools for the detection and identification of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens simultaneously. However, careful interpretation of positive results for multiple pathogens is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Yoo
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Joonhong Park
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Jin Kyung Yu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Gun Dong Lee
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Kang Gyun Park
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Hayeon Caitlyn Oak
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
| | - Yeon-Joon Park
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Drs Yoo, J. Park, H. K. Lee, and Y.-J. Park); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Mss Yu and K. G. Park and Mr G. D. Lee); and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Ms Oak)
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Aiemjoy K, Altan E, Aragie S, Fry DM, Phan TG, Deng X, Chanyalew M, Tadesse Z, Callahan EK, Delwart E, Keenan JD. Viral species richness and composition in young children with loose or watery stool in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:53. [PMID: 30642268 PMCID: PMC6332554 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stool consistency is an important diagnostic criterion in both research and clinical medicine and is often used to define diarrheal disease. METHODS We examine the pediatric enteric virome across stool consistencies to evaluate differences in richness and community composition using fecal samples collected from children aged 0 to 5 years participating in a clinical trial in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The consistency of each sample was graded according to the modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for children (mBSFS-C) before a portion of stool was preserved for viral metagenomic analysis. Stool samples were grouped into 29 pools according to stool consistency type. Differential abundance was determined using negative-binomial modeling. RESULTS Of 446 censused children who were eligible to participate, 317 presented for the study visit examination and 269 provided stool samples. The median age of children with stool samples was 36 months. Species richness was highest in watery-consistency stool and decreased as stool consistency became firmer (Spearman's r = - 0.45, p = 0.013). The greatest differential abundance comparing loose or watery to formed stool was for norovirus GII (7.64, 95% CI 5.8, 9.5) followed by aichivirus A (5.93, 95% CI 4.0, 7.89) and adeno-associated virus 2 (5.81, 95%CI 3.9, 7.7). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we documented a difference in pediatric enteric viromes according to mBSFS-C stool consistency category, both in species richness and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Aiemjoy
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, MedSci S309, Box 0412, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Eda Altan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Dionna M. Fry
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Tung G. Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Keenan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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30
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Schjelderup Nilsen HJ, Nordbø SA, Krokstad S, Døllner H, Christensen A. Human adenovirus in nasopharyngeal and blood samples from children with and without respiratory tract infections. J Clin Virol 2018; 111:19-23. [PMID: 30594701 PMCID: PMC7106418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positive HAdV culture and high levels of HAdV DNA >106 copies/mL in NPAs were strongly associated with RTI in hospitalized children. Co-detection of other viruses was a very common phenomenon in children with HAdV DNA positive NPAs. Qualitative PCR detection of HAdV DNA in NPAs was not useful for diagnostic purposes.
Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus associated with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, HAdV often is detected together with other virus species, even in healthy controls. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare molecular detection of HAdV with culture, and to examine the associations of various methods to RTI. Study design Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from 4319 children admitted with RTI and from 361 controls. The NPAs were examined for 23 viral and bacterial pathogens, using inhouse real-time PCR-assays based on TaqMan probes, in addition to bacterial and viral culture. HAdV concentration was evaluated semi-quantitatively from the Ct-value and quantitatively by use of ADENOVIRUS R-gene®. Results HAdV-DNA was detected in 6.1% patient samples and in 10.5% controls (p< 0.001). Compared to controls, patients had an OR of 3.8 (95% CI 1.4–10.3) for mono-detection of HAdV DNA, and an OR of 5.1 (95% CI 2.0–13.4) for HAdV-positive samples grew adenovirus by culture. HAdV DNA loads from children with RTI consisted of two clusters: one cluster with high viral loads (Ct < 30 and >106 copies/ml) and one cluster with low viral loads, whereas among the controls, nearly all had low viral loads (OR 7.8, 95% CI 2.2–27.1). In 61 available plasma samples, 16.4% were positive for HAdV DNA, all were from patients. Conclusion The detection of HAdV DNA per se by qualitative PCR is not useful as a diagnostic test. Detection of HAdV by use of viral culture and a high viral HAdV DNA load are the two methods most strongly associated with RTI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svein Arne Nordbø
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Sidsel Krokstad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
| | - Henrik Døllner
- Children's Department, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Andreas Christensen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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31
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Primo D, Pacheco GT, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Surveillance and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in the era of rotavirus vaccine, Brazil, 2012–2017. J Clin Virol 2018; 109:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Portal TM, Reymão TKA, Quinderé Neto GA, Fiuza MKDC, Teixeira DM, Lima ICG, Sousa Júnior EC, Bandeira RDS, De Deus DR, Justino MCA, Linhares ADC, Silva LDD, Resque HR, Gabbay YB. Detection and genotyping of enteric viruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil: Occurrence of adenovirus viremia by species F, types 40/41. J Med Virol 2018; 91:378-384. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thayara Morais Portal
- Postgraduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon, University of State of Pará; Belém Pará Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Ian Carlos Gomes Lima
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Renato Da Silva Bandeira
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cleonice A Justino
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Alexandre Da Costa Linhares
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Luciana Damascena Da Silva
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Hugo Reis Resque
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Virology Section; Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health; Ananindeua Pará Brazil
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Wu X, Lu X, Schneider E, Ahmed JA, Njenga MK, Breiman RF, Eidex RB, Erdman DD. Reassessment of high prevalence human adenovirus detections among residents of two refugee centers in Kenya under surveillance for acute respiratory infections. J Med Virol 2018; 91:385-391. [PMID: 30242854 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) were previously detected at high prevalence by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in the upper respiratory tract of residents of two Kenyan refugee camps under surveillance for acute respiratory infection (ARI) between October 2006 and April 2008. We sought to confirm this finding and characterize the HAdVs detected. Of 2148 respiratory specimens originally tested, 511 (23.8%) screened positive for HAdV and 510 were available for retesting. Of these, 421 (82.4%) were confirmed positive by repeat rRT-PCR or PCR and sequencing. Other respiratory viruses were codetected in 55.8% of confirmed HAdV-positive specimens. Species B and C viruses predominated at 82.8%, and HAdV-C1, -C2, and -B3 were the most commonly identified types. Species A, D, and F HAdVs, which are rarely associated with ARI, comprised the remainder. Viral loads were highest among species B HAdVs, particularly HAdV-B3. Species C showed the widest range of viral loads, and species A, D, and F were most often present at low loads and more often with codetections. These findings suggest that many HAdV detections were incidental and not a primary cause of ARI among camp patients. Species/type, codetections, and viral load determinations may permit more accurate HAdV disease burden estimates in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eileen Schneider
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jamal A Ahmed
- Surveillance, Lab and Data (SLD), Polio Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University Global Health - Kenya, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel B Eidex
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean D Erdman
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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Qiu FZ, Shen XX, Li GX, Zhao L, Chen C, Duan SX, Guo JY, Zhao MC, Yan TF, Qi JJ, Wang L, Feng ZS, Ma XJ. Adenovirus associated with acute diarrhea: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:450. [PMID: 30176819 PMCID: PMC6122197 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), particular HAdV species F (40, 41) has been recognized as important causal pathogens, however limited data exist on molecular epidemiology of other HAdV associated with acute gastroenteritis. Methods In the present preliminary study, we performed a case-control study involving 273 children who presented diarrheal disease and 361 healthy children matched control in Children’s hospital of Hebei Province (China) to investigate the relationship between non-enteric HAdV and diarrhea. HAdV were detected and quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and serotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was used to assess the risk factor of HAdV. Results HAdV were detected in 79 (28.94%) of 273 children with diarrhea including 7 different serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5 and 57) with serotypes 40, 41 and 3 being the most dominant and in 26 (7.20%) of 361 healthy children containing 9 serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5,57,6 and 31). A majority (91.14%) of HAdV positives occurred in diarrhea children and 65.38% in controls< 3 years of age. No significant difference in the viral load was found between case and control groups or between Ad41-positive patients and healthy controls. In addition to HAdV 40 and 41, HAdV 3 was also associated with diarrhea (OR = 17.301, adjusted OR = 9.205, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate a high diversity of HAdV present among diarrhea and healthy children and implicate that non-enteric HAdV3 may lead to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Qiu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Su-Xia Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Jing-Yun Guo
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Teng-Fei Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ju-Ju Qi
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Le Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Barnadas C, Schmidt DJ, Fischer TK, Fonager J. Molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus infections in Denmark, 2011-2016. J Clin Virol 2018; 104:16-22. [PMID: 29704734 PMCID: PMC7106356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed new primers to improve genotyping of HAdV D. Six out of seven HAdV species from at least 13 HAdV types were identified. Young children (<5 years old) were more likely to be positive for HAdV. Co-infections with other gastrointestinal or respiratory viruses were common. A HAdV surveillance system is required to monitor circulating species and types.
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea and outbreaks have been reported. However, little is known about the disease burden and the molecular epidemiology of HAdV. Objectives To retrospectively perform a molecular characterization of HAdV positive samples received at Statens Serum Institut during the period 2011–2016 and to compare this with demographic information, geographic location, sample collection date and type and co-infection with other viral pathogens. Study design 152 HAdV positive samples were genotyped by Sanger sequencing of a fragment of the hexon gene using published primers along with a newly developed primer set for enhanced genotyping of HAdV D. Phylogenetic analysis was used for genotyping and genotypes were compared with epidemiological information. In addition, HAdV burden and co-infection was evaluated for samples tested in laboratory analysis packages. Results Six out of seven HAdV species were identified and represented by 13 types. Young children (<5 years old) were more likely to be positive for HAdV and co-infections with other gastrointestinal or respiratory viruses were common. Possible outbreaks of ocular infections due to HAdV D could not be confirmed. Conclusion A diverse set of HAdV species were circulating in Denmark in the study period and although possible transmission clusters were identified, this could not be verified with current genotyping methods Young children were commonly affected by HAdV infection and co-infections with other viral pathogens were frequent suggesting a possible underestimation of the real HAdV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Barnadas
- European Public Health Microbiology (EUPHEM) Training Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden; Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Jelsbak Schmidt
- Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea K Fischer
- Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Global Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jannik Fonager
- Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Adenovirus Infections among Hospitalized Children with Acute Diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2006-2011. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:9304830. [PMID: 29445406 PMCID: PMC5763120 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9304830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered a significant enteropathogen associated with sporadic diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of HAdV in hospitalized children with viral diarrhea in Shanghai. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of HAdVs and describe their association with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 674 fecal samples were subjected to PCR or RT-PCR to detect RVA, HuCV, HAstV, and HAdV. Results: HAdV infections were detected in 4.7% (32/674) of specimens, with detection rates of 13.4% (11/82), 4.6% (8/174), 3.2% (4/124), 4.1% (3/74), 2.0% (2/100), and 3.3% (4/120) from 2006 to 2011, respectively. Comprehensive detection of the four viruses revealed the presence of a high percentage (90.6%) of coinfections among HAdV-positive samples, where HAdV+RVA was the most prevalent coinfection. Of the 32 HAdV-positive samples, 50.0% (16/32) were classified as HAdV-41, and 18.8% (6/32) were classified as HAdV-3. Almost 94.0% of children infected with HAdV were less than 24 months of age. Conclusions: These results clearly indicated diversity across the HAdV genotypes detected in inpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai and suggested that HAdVs play a role in children with acute diarrhea.
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Moyo SJ, Kommedal Ø, Blomberg B, Hanevik K, Tellevik MG, Maselle SY, Langeland N. Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence, Epidemiologic Characteristics, and Clinical Characteristics of Monoinfection and Coinfection in Diarrheal Diseases in Children in Tanzania. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1074-1083. [PMID: 28541454 PMCID: PMC5860328 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interactions between intestinal pathogens in diarrheal disease is uncertain. From August 2010 to July 2011, we collected stool samples from 723 children admitted with diarrhea (cases) to 3 major hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and from 564 nondiarrheic children (controls). We analyzed the samples for 17 pathogens and assessed interactions between coinfections in additive and multiplicative models. At least one pathogen was detected in 86.9% of the cases and 62.8%, of the controls. Prevalence of coinfections was 58.1% in cases and 40.4% in controls. Rotavirus, norovirus genogroup II, Cryptosporidium, and Shigella species/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli were significantly associated with diarrhea both as monoinfections and as coinfections. In the multiplicative interaction model, we found 2 significant positive interactions: rotavirus + Giardia (odds ratio (OR) = 23.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 470.14) and norovirus GII + enteroaggregative E. coli (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.98). One significant negative interaction was found between norovirus GII + typical enteropathogenic E. coli (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.95). In multivariate analysis, risk factors for death were presence of blood in stool and severe dehydration. In conclusion, coinfections are frequent, and the pathogenicity of each organism appears to be enhanced by some coinfections and weakened by others. Severity of diarrhea was not affected by coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina J Moyo
- Correspondence to Dr. Sabrina J. Moyo, Department of Clinical Science, Laboratoriebygget, 8th floor, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: )
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Iaconelli M, Valdazo-González B, Equestre M, Ciccaglione AR, Marcantonio C, Della Libera S, La Rosa G. Molecular characterization of human adenoviruses in urban wastewaters using next generation and Sanger sequencing. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:240-247. [PMID: 28550812 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are of major public health importance and are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, including gastroenteritis, respiratory, ocular and urinary tract infections. To study the occurrence, prevalence and diversity of HAdV species and types circulating in Italy, we conducted a large-scale molecular-epidemiological investigation, a yearlong monitoring of 22 wastewater treatment plants, covering 10 Italian regions, representative of northern, central, and southern Italy. A total of 141 raw sewage samples were collected from January to December 2013, and processed to detect and characterize by phylogenetic analysis a fragment of the hexon coding region of HAdVs. Nested PCR results showed the presence of HAdVs in 85 out of 141 samples (60% of samples). Fifty-nine samples were characterized by conventional Sanger sequencing as belonging to four HAdV species and four types: A (type 12, 5 samples), B (type 3, 8 samples), C (type 5, 1 sample) and F (type 41, 45 samples). The remaining 26 samples could not be characterized because of uninterpretable (mixed) electropherograms suggesting the presence of multiple species and/or types. Pools of characterized and uncharacterized PCR amplicons were further analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS results revealed a marked HAdV diversity with 16 additional types detected beyond the four types found by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 19 types were identified, belonging to HAdV species A-F: types 12 and 31 (species A), type 3 (species B), types 1, 2, and 5 (species C), types 9, 17, 24, 26, 37, 38, 42, 44, 48, and 70 (species D), type 4 (species E), and types 40 and 41(species F). An untypeable HAdV was also detected, showing similar percentages of identity with more than one prototype (types 15, 30, 56, and 59). Our findings documented the circulation of a wide variety of species and types in raw sewage, potentially able to affect other surface water environments and hence human health. Next-generation sequencing proved to be an effective strategy for HAdV genotyping in wastewater samples. It was able to detect a wide range of "less prevalent" types unidentified by conventional Sanger sequencing, confirming that studies based on conventional technologies may grossly underestimate the existence of some, possibly less common, types. Knowledge of the distribution of HAdV species and types would improve our understanding of waterborne HAdV-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iaconelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, Rome, Italy
| | - B Valdazo-González
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - M Equestre
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Rome, Italy
| | - A R Ciccaglione
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - C Marcantonio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, Rome, Italy.
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Costa LCPDN, Siqueira JAM, Portal TM, Sousa Júnior EC, Linhares ADC, Gabbay YB, Resque HR. Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:621-628. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0198-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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40
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Enteric viruses in HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children with diarrheal diseases in Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183196. [PMID: 28854225 PMCID: PMC5576665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases (DD) have distinct etiological profiles in immune-deficient and immune-competent patients. This study compares detection rates, genotype distribution and viral loads of different enteric viral agents in HIV-1 seropositive (n = 200) and HIV-1 seronegative (n = 125) children hospitalized with DD in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Except for group A rotavirus (RVA), which were detected through enzyme immunoassay, the other enteric viruses (norovirus [NoV], astrovirus [HAstV], adenovirus [HAdV] and bocavirus [HBoV]) were detected through PCR or RT-PCR. A quantitative PCR was performed for RVA, NoV, HAstV, HAdV and HBoV. Infections with NoV (19% vs. 9.6%; p<0.001), HBoV (14% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.042) and HAdV (30.5% vs. 14.4%; p<0.001) were significantly more frequent among HIV-1 seropositive children. RVA was significantly less frequent among HIV-1 seropositive patients (6.5% vs. 20%; p<0.001). Similarly, frequency of infection with HAstV was lower among HIV-1 seropositive children (5.5% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.018). Among HIV-1 seropositive children 33 (16.5%) had co-infections, including three enteric viruses, such as NoV, HBoV and HAdV (n = 2) and NoV, HAstV and HAdV (n = 2). The frequency of infection with more than one virus was 17 (13.6%) in the HIV-1 negative group, triple infection (NoV + HAstV + HBoV) being observed in only one patient. The median viral load of HAstV in feces was significantly higher among HIV-1 positive children compared to HIV-1 negative children. Concerning children infected with RVA, NoV, HBoV and HAdV, no statistically significant differences were observed in the medians of viral loads in feces, comparing HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children. Similar detection rates were observed for RVA, HAstV and HAdV, whilst NoV and HBoV were significantly more prevalent among children with CD4+ T lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3. Enteric viruses should be considered an important cause of DD in HIV-1 seropositive children, along with pathogens more classically associated with intestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts.
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41
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Limited diagnostic value of a multiplexed gastrointestinal pathogen panel for the detection of adenovirus infection in an oncology patient population. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:37-41. [PMID: 28750262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of Adenovirus infections in transplant patients may be accomplished using either plasma or stool samples. IVD-cleared multiplexed gastrointestinal (GI) PCR panels offer an option for rapid testing of stool samples but most only target Adenovirus (HAdV) types F40/41. OBJECTIVES Given the potential significance of a positive adenovirus test in an immunocompromised patient, we sought to determine the frequency of type 40/41 in our patient population and the utility of a readily available multiplexed, FDA-cleared GI Panel for the detection of adenovirus infections. STUDY DESIGN A total of 215 specimens from immunocompromised patients mostly with hematologic malignancy or transplant recipients were evaluated including 107 plasma samples, 85 stool samples and 23 respiratory samples. Genotyping was performed successfully on 122 specimens. RESULTS The most common type detected in all samples including stools was Adenovirus C/2. In a subset of patients with multiple specimen types tested, similar types were detected in all samples. CONCLUSIONS Although Adenovirus F40/41 is the most common enteric type, Adenovirus C/2 was the most common type identified in stools and subsequently plasma samples of our patient population. Implementation of assays that have wide reactivity for most adenovirus types is essential for optimal diagnostic yield.
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Piralla A, Lunghi G, Ardissino G, Girello A, Premoli M, Bava E, Arghittu M, Colombo MR, Cognetto A, Bono P, Campanini G, Marone P, Baldanti F. FilmArray™ GI panel performance for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:111. [PMID: 28494766 PMCID: PMC5427568 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. The rapid and specific identification of infectious agents is crucial for correct patient management. However, diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis is usually performed with diagnostic panels that include only a few pathogens. In the present bicentric study, the diagnostic value of FilmArray™ GI panels was assessed in unformed stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis and in a series of samples collected from pediatric patients with heamorragic diarrhea. The clinical performance of the FilmArray™ gastrointestinal (GI) panel was assessed in 168 stool samples collected from patients with either acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea. Samples showing discordant results between FilmArray and routine methods were further analyzed with an additional assay. Results Overall, the FilmArray™ GI panel detected at least one potential pathogen in 92/168 (54.8%) specimens. In 66/92 (71.8%) samples, only one pathogen was detected, while in 26/92 (28.2%) multiple pathogens were detected. The most frequent pathogens were rotavirus 13.9% (22/168), Campylobacter 10.7% (18/168), Clostridium difficile 9.5% (16/168), and norovirus 8.9% (15/168). Clostridium difficile was identified only in patients with acute gastroenteritis (p < 0.01), while STEC was detected exclusively in patients with hemorragic diarrhea (p < 0.01). In addition, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., EPEC and E. coli producing Shiga-like toxin were more frequently detected in patients with hemorragic diarrhea (p < 0.05). The overall percent agreement calculated in samples was 73.8% and 65.5%, while 34.5% were discordant. After additional confirmatory analyses, the proportion of discordant samples decreased to 7.7%. Rotavirus and astrovirus were the most frequently unconfirmed pathogens. Conclusion In conclusion, the FilmArray™ GI panel has proved to be a valuable new diagnostic tool for improving the diagnostic efficiency of GI pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lunghi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ardissino
- Center of HUS Control, Prevention and Management, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Girello
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Premoli
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Bava
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Arghittu
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Colombo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cognetto
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bono
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Campanini
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Marone
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Section of Microbiology, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Gasparinho C, Piedade J, Mirante MC, Mendes C, Mayer C, Vaz Nery S, Brito M, Istrate C. Characterization of rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bengo province, Northwestern Angola, prior to vaccine introduction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176046. [PMID: 28422995 PMCID: PMC5397047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus group A (RVA) is considered the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, responsible for the high burden of diarrheal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite recent studies, the existent data are scarce for some African countries like Angola, a country with one of the highest RVA-related death estimates. The aim of this study was to determine the RVA detection rate and circulating genotypes in children less than five years of age with acute gastroenteritis attended at the Bengo General Hospital in Caxito, Bengo province, Angola, before vaccine introduction. METHODS Between September 2012 and December 2013, 342 fecal specimens were collected from children enrolled. Positive samples for RVA by immunochromatographic rapid test were G and P-typed by hemi-nested type-specific multiplex PCR, and subgrouped for the VP6 gene. VP4 and VP7 genes from a subset of samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS During the study period, a high RVA detection rate was registered (25.1%, 86/342). The age group most affected by RVA infection includes children under 6 months of age (p<0.01). Vomiting was highly associated with RVA infection (72.1%; p<0.001). From the 86 RVA-positive samples, 72 (83.7%) were genotyped. The most prevalent genotype was G1P[8] (34/72; 47.2%), followed by the uncommon G1P[6] (21/72; 29.2%), and G2P[4] (9/72; 12.5%). Only two G-types were found: G1 (60/72; 83.3%) and G2 (11/72; 15.3%). Among the P-genotypes, P[8] was the most prevalent (34/72; 47.2%), followed by P[6] (22/72; 30.6%) and P[4] (9/72; 12.5%). In the phylogenetic trees, the identified G and P-types clustered tightly together and with reference sequences in specific monophyletic groups, with highly significant bootstrap values (≥92%). CONCLUSION This pre-vaccination study revealed, for the first time for Bengo province (Angola), the RVA genotype profile, including phylogenetic relationships, and a high RVA detection rate, supporting the immediate introduction of a RVA vaccine in the national immunization programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gasparinho
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - João Piedade
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Mirante
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - Cristina Mendes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Mayer
- Hospital Geral do Bengo, Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - Susana Vaz Nery
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Miguel Brito
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Istrate
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
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Yang X, Wang Q, Liang B, Wu F, Li H, Liu H, Sheng C, Ma Q, Yang C, Xie J, Li P, Jia L, Wang L, Du X, Qiu S, Song H. An outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by a virus associated RNA II gene mutation strain of human adenovirus 7 in China, 2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172519. [PMID: 28225804 PMCID: PMC5321423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus 7 (HAdV-7) strains are a major cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among adults and children, associated with fatal pneumonia. An ARD outbreak caused by HAdV-7 that involved 739 college students was reported in this article. To better understand the underlying cause of this large-scale epidemic, virus strains were isolated from infected patients and sequence variations of the whole genome sequence were detected. Evolutionary trees and alignment results indicated that the major capsid protein genes hexon and fibre were strongly conserved among serotype 7 strains in China at that time. Instead, the HAdV-7 strains presented three thymine deletions in the virus associated RNA (VA RNA) II terminal region. We also found that the mutation might lead to increased mRNA expression of an adjacent gene, L1 52/55K, and thus promoted faster growth. These findings suggest that sequence variation of VA RNA II gene was a potential cause of such a severe HAdV-7 infection and this gene should be a new-emerging factor to be monitored for better understanding of HAdV-7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongshu Wang
- Deprtment of Infection Control, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Sheng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Ma
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (SQ)
| | - Hongbin Song
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (SQ)
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Portes SAR, Volotão EDM, Rocha MS, Rebelo MC, Xavier MDPTP, Assis RMD, Rose TL, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, Carvalho-Costa FA. A non-enteric adenovirus A12 gastroenteritis outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:403-6. [PMID: 27223654 PMCID: PMC4909040 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in 2013 in a low-income community in Rio de
Janeiro was investigated for the presence of enteric viruses, including species A
rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), astrovirus (HAstV), bocavirus (HBoV), aichivirus
(AiV), and adenovirus (HAdV). Five of nine stool samples (83%) from patients were
positive for HAdV, and no other enteric viruses were detected. Polymerase chain
reaction products were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which
revealed four strains and one strain of non-enteric HAdV-A12 and HAdV-F41,
respectively. The HAdV-A12 nucleotide sequences shared 100% nucleotide similarity.
Viral load was assessed using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Stool samples that were
positive for HAdV-A12 had high viral loads (mean 1.9 X 107 DNA copies/g
stool). All four patients with HAdV-A12 were < 25 months of age and had symptoms
of fever and diarrhoea. Evaluation of enteric virus outbreaks allows the
characterisation of novel or unique diarrhoea-associated viruses in regions where RVA
vaccination is routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Augusta Rodrigues Portes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduardo de Mello Volotão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Monica Simões Rocha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Rebelo
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria da Penha Trindade Pinheiro Xavier
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosane Maria de Assis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Lundgren Rose
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro RJ , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina PI , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Associations of Adenovirus Genotypes in Korean Acute Gastroenteritis Patients with Respiratory Symptoms and Intussusception. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1602054. [PMID: 28255553 PMCID: PMC5309414 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1602054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases, including respiratory infections and gastroenteritis, and have more than 65 genotypes. To investigate the current genotypes of circulating HAdV strains, we performed molecular genotyping of HAdVs in the stool from patients with acute gastroenteritis and tried to determine their associations with clinical symptoms. From June 2014 to May 2016, 3,901 fecal samples were tested for an AdV antigen, and 254 samples (6.5%) yielded positive results. Genotyping using PCR and sequencing of the capsid hexon gene was performed for 236 AdV antigen-positive fecal specimens. HAdV-41, of species F, was the most prevalent genotype (60.6%), followed by HAdV-2 of species C (13.8%). Other genotypes, including HAdV-3, HAdV-1, HAdV-5, HAdV-6, HAdV-31, HAdV-40, HAdV-12, and HAdV-55, were also detected. Overall, 119 patients (50.4%) showed concomitant respiratory symptoms, and 32 patients (13.6%) were diagnosed with intussusception. HAdV-1 and HAdV-31 were significantly associated with intussusception (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate the recent changes in trends of circulating AdV genotypes associated with gastroenteritis in Korea, which should be of value for improving the diagnosis and developing new detection, treatment, and prevention strategies for broad application in clinical laboratories.
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:586-602. [PMID: 27486739 PMCID: PMC7171713 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The disease is more severe and dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of AdV have been identified. Different serotypes display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant serotypes circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been conducted. Cidofovir is the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States, but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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48
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Zhang SX, Zhou YM, Xu W, Tian LG, Chen JX, Chen SH, Dang ZS, Gu WP, Yin JW, Serrano E, Zhou XN. Impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest China. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:64. [PMID: 27349521 PMCID: PMC4922062 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute diarrhea is a global health problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in children. It has been suggested that enteric pathogen co-infections play an important role in gastroenteritis, but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen groups. This study aimed to assess the impact of co-infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest China. Method A total of 1020 subjects (850 diarrhea cases and 170 healthy controls) were selected from four sentinel hospitals in Kunming, Yunnan province, southwest China, from June 2014 to July 2015. Stool specimens were collected to detect five virus (rotavirus group A, RVA; norovirus, NoV; Sapovirus, SaV; astrovirus, As; and adenovirus, Ad), seven bacterial (diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, DEC; non-typhoidal Salmonella, NTS; Shigella spp.; Vibrio cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Aeromonas spp.; and Plesiomonas spp.), and three protozoan (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, B. hominis) species using standard microbiologic and molecular methods. Data were analyzed using the partial least square regression technique and chi-square test. Results At least one enteric pathogen was detected in 46.7 % (n = 397) of acute gastroenteritis cases and 13.5 % (n = 23) of healthy controls (χ2 = 64.4, P < 0.05). Single infection with RVA was associated with acute diarrhea (26.5 % vs. 5.8 %, P < 0.05). The prevalence of a single infection with B. hominis in diarrhea cases was higher than in healthy controls (3.1 % vs. 0.5 %, OR = 4.7, 95 % CI: 1.01–112.0). Single infection with NoV GII was not associated with diarrhea (4.4 % vs. 3.5 %, OR = 1.2, 95 % CI: 0.5–3.3). Single infections with bacterial species were not observed. The prevalence of co-infections with two enteric pathogens in diarrhea cases was higher than in asymptomatic children (20.1 % vs. 5.3 %, P < 0.05). RVA-NoV GII was the most common co-infection in symptomatic children (4.4 %), with it aggravating the severity of diarrhea. Conclusions Although it is clear that RVA has an overwhelming impact on diarrhea illnesses in children, co-infection with other enteric pathogens appears to also aggravate diarrhea severity. These findings should serve as evidence for public health services when planning and developing intervention programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0157-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biología, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Sanaei Dashti A, Ghahremani P, Hashempoor T, Karimi A. Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2045697. [PMID: 26880883 PMCID: PMC4736959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2045697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human adenovirus- (HAdV-) 40 and HAdV-41 in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in five different health centers of Iran. Methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied 2682 fecal specimens that were collected from children under the age of 5 years in five educational and therapeutic pediatric centers in Iran from February 2012 to February 2013. Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. A significantly higher prevalence of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 (58.3%) was observed in children under 12 months of age, compared to other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 could be considered etiological agents for acute gastroenteritis among children in Iran. The PCR as a rapid test may increase the chance for a relatively mild course of the disease followed by a complete recovery and avoiding administration of unnecessary antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Sanaei Dashti
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghahremani
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hashempoor
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Mayindou G, Ngokana B, Sidibé A, Moundélé V, Koukouikila-Koussounda F, Christevy Vouvoungui J, Kwedi Nolna S, Velavan TP, Ntoumi F. Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis. J Med Virol 2015; 88:596-605. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gontran Mayindou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Berge Ngokana
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Anissa Sidibé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Victoire Moundélé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Sylvie Kwedi Nolna
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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