1
|
He W, Hao G, Xiong C, Xiao J, Pu J, Chen H, Xu L, Zhu Y, Yang G. Protection against Eimeria intestinalis infection in rabbits immunized with the recombinant elongation factors EF1α and EFG. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0020823. [PMID: 37823630 PMCID: PMC10652966 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria intestinalis is the most pathogenic species of rabbit coccidiosis, causing weight loss, diarrhea, and even acute death. The currently used anticoccidial drugs against E. intestinalis in rabbits are associated with drug resistance and residues. Immunological control might be a potential alternative. We cloned and expressed the E. intestinalis recombinant EF1α and EFG (rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG, respectively). Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously every 14 days with 100 µg of rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG and followed by 5 × 104 E. intestinalis sporulated oocysts orally challenge. Serum samples were collected every 7 days to measure the levels of specific antibodies and cytokines. On post-challenge day 14, rabbits were sacrificed and the anticoccidial index was evaluated. The rabbits of PBS challenged groups exhibited anorexia, diarrhea, marked intestinal wall thickening, and white nodules that formed patches, while rabbits from the rEi-EF1α or rEi-EFG challenged group exhibited milder symptoms. The rEi-EF1α group showed a 75.18% oocyst reduction and 89.01%wt gain; the rEi-EFG group had a 60.58% oocyst reduction and 56.04%wt gain. After vaccination, specific IgG levels increased and stayed high (P < 0.05). The IL-4 and IL-2 levels of rEi-EF1α immunized groups showed a significant increase after immunization (P < 0.05). Both rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG could induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, rabbits immunized with rEi-EF1α were better protected from challenge by E. intestinalis than rEi-EFG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Hao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Changming Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayan Pu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Yuan H, Mahmmod YS, Yang Z, Zhao M, Song Y, Luo S, Zhang XX, Yuan ZG. Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:66-89. [PMID: 36508550 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2157818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is a widespread protozoan with significant economic losses and public health importance. But so far, the protective effect of reported DNA-based vaccines fluctuates widely, and no study has demonstrated complete protection. AREAS COVERED This review provides an inclusive summary of T. gondii DNA vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and some other parameters. A total of 140 articles from 2000 to 2021 were collected from five databases. By contrasting the outcomes of acute and chronic challenges, we aimed to investigate and identify viable immunological strategies for optimum protection. Furthermore, we evaluated and discussed the impact of several parameters on challenge outcomes in the hopes of developing some recommendations to assist better future horizontal comparisons among research. EXPERT OPINION In the coming five years of research, the exploration of vaccine cocktails combining invasion antigens and metabolic antigens with genetic adjuvants or novel DNA delivery methods may offer us desirable protection against this multiple stage of life parasite. In addition to finding a better immune strategy, developing better in silico prediction methods, solving problems posed by variables in practical applications, and gaining a more profound knowledge of T.gondii-host molecular interaction is also crucial towards a successful vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yasser S Mahmmod
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, 17155, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zipeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengpo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yining Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiu-Xiang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saucedo-Campa DO, Martínez-Rocha AL, Ríos-Castro E, Alba-Fierro CA, Escobedo-Bretado MA, Cuéllar-Cruz M, Ruiz-Baca E. Proteomic Analysis of Sporothrix schenckii Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020230. [PMID: 35215174 PMCID: PMC8880468 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii modulates the expression of its cell wall proteins (CWPs) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the phagocytic cells of the human host, which allows it to evade and escape the immune system. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the CW of S. schenckii after exposure and nonexposure to H2O2. Several CWPs involved in CW remodeling and fungal pathogenesis that modulated their expression in response to this oxidizing agent were identified, as were a number of antioxidant enzymes and atypical CWPs, called moonlighting proteins, such as the Hsp70-5, lipase 1 (Lip1), enolase (Eno), and pyruvate kinase (Pk). Moreover, RT-qPCR assays demonstrated that the transcription of genes HSP70-5, LIP1, ENO, and PK is regulated in response to the oxidant. The results indicated that S. schenckii differentially expressed CWPs to confer protection against ROS upon this fungus. Furthermore, among these proteins, antioxidant enzymes and interestingly, moonlighting-like CWPs play a role in protecting the fungus from oxidative stress (OS), allowing it to infect human host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce O. Saucedo-Campa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Unidad Durango), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, Mexico; (D.O.S.-C.); (A.L.M.-R.); (C.A.A.-F.); (M.A.E.-B.)
| | - Ana L. Martínez-Rocha
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Unidad Durango), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, Mexico; (D.O.S.-C.); (A.L.M.-R.); (C.A.A.-F.); (M.A.E.-B.)
| | - Emmanuel Ríos-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad de Genómica, Proteómica y Metabolómica, LaNSE, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Carlos A. Alba-Fierro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Unidad Durango), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, Mexico; (D.O.S.-C.); (A.L.M.-R.); (C.A.A.-F.); (M.A.E.-B.)
| | - Miguel A. Escobedo-Bretado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Unidad Durango), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, Mexico; (D.O.S.-C.); (A.L.M.-R.); (C.A.A.-F.); (M.A.E.-B.)
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico;
| | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Unidad Durango), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, Mexico; (D.O.S.-C.); (A.L.M.-R.); (C.A.A.-F.); (M.A.E.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Q, Zhang MY, Zhao B, Chen Y, Jiang W, Geng XL, Wang Q. Diagnostic Value of Circulating Antigens in the Serum of Piglets with Experimental Acute Toxoplasmosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:697-706. [PMID: 35022274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite, infects all warm-blooded animals, including a third of the human population. Laboratory diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis is based on the detection of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG and T. gondii nucleic acid; however, these assays have certain limitations. Circulating Ags (CAgs) are reliable diagnostic indicators of acute infection. In this study, we established a model of acute T. gondii infection in Large White pigs. CAg levels peaked between 3 and 5 d after inoculation, and 28 CAgs were identified using an immunoprecipitation-shotgun approach, among which dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase family protein (TgDPM), C3HC zinc finger-like protein (TgZFLP3), and ribosomal protein RPL7 (TgRPL7) were selected to further investigate their value in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that TgDPM and TgRPL7 were localized in the membrane surface, while TgZFLP3 was localized in the apical end. Western blotting revealed the presence of the three proteins in the serum during acute infection. Indirect ELISA results indicate that TgZFLP3 is likely to be a novel candidate for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. However, these three proteins may not be useful as candidate vaccines against toxoplasmosis owing to their low protective ability. In addition, deletion of the zflp3 gene partially attenuated virulence in Kunming mice. Collectively, we identified 28 CAgs in the serum of piglets with experimental acute toxoplasmosis and confirmed that TgZFLP3 is a potential biomarker for acute T. gondii infection. The results of this study provide data to improve the detection efficiency of acute toxoplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Geng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Warner RC, Chapman RC, Davis BN, Davis PH. REVIEW OF DNA VACCINE APPROACHES AGAINST THE PARASITE TOXOPLASMA GONDII. J Parasitol 2021; 107:882-903. [PMID: 34852176 DOI: 10.1645/20-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that affects both humans and livestock. Transmitted to humans through ingestion, it is the second-leading cause of foodborne illness-related death. Currently, there exists no approved vaccine for humans or most livestock against the parasite. DNA vaccines, a type of subunit vaccine which uses segments of the pathogen's DNA to generate immunity, have shown varying degrees of experimental efficacy against infection caused by the parasite. This review compiles DNA vaccine efforts against Toxoplasma gondii, segmenting the analysis by parasite antigen, as well as a review of concomitant adjuvant usage. No single antigenic group was consistently more effective within in vivo trials relative to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie C Warner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182
| | - Ryan C Chapman
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182
| | - Brianna N Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panebra A, Lillehoj HS. Eimeria tenella Elongation Factor-1α (EF-1α) Coadministered with Chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) DNA Vaccine Emulsified in Montanide Gel 01 Adjuvant Enhanced the Immune Response to E. acervulina Infection in Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2020; 63:342-350. [PMID: 31251536 DOI: 10.1637/11976-092418-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to assess the vaccine efficacy of Eimeria tenella EF-1α/chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) DNA vaccine when administered with Montanide Gel 01 adjuvant against live Eimeria acervulina challenge in commercial broiler chickens. The criteria used for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy were weight gain, duodenal lesion scores, oocyst counts, humoral antibody response, and duodenal proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (100 µg)/chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant showed body weight gain similar to the uninfected control and higher oocyst shedding, a lower gut lesion score, and higher proinflammatory cytokine gene expression than did the infected controls. Moreover, chickens vaccinated with chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant shed fewer oocysts with reduced gut lesion scores and produced higher levels of anti-EF-1α serum antibody than did the infected control. Chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (50 µg)/chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant showed higher weight gains than did the infected control and shed significantly fewer oocysts than the infected control. Furthermore, chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (100 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant demonstrated the lowest anti-EF-1α serum antibody levels. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of using EF-1α and/or host cytokine chIL-7 DNA vaccine together with Gel 01 PR adjuvant to improve T-cell-mediated effector function in broiler chickens challenged with live E. acervulina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Panebra
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Z, Mutashar Alhameed AM, Kaminga AC, Lu B, Li X, Zhang J, Wu X. Bioinformatics of excretory/secretory proteins of Toxoplasma gondii strain ME49. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103951. [PMID: 31883450 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is globally distributed and can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. While vaccines are not available for prophylaxis, there are limited therapeutic options which often do not result in eradication of parasites from patients. ME49 is a cystogenic strain of T. gondii with a potential as a vaccine candidate. Excretory and secretory (ES) proteins are thought to play crucial roles in host-parasite interactions. Hence, we predicted and functionally annotated the ES proteins in T. gondii ME49 using public databases. ES proteins were further examined for the characteristics and possible functions through gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and analyses of metabolic pathways, enzyme code distribution (EC distributing) and protein domains. The potential antigenicity of T. gondii ME49 ES proteins was evaluated for the first time using Abundance of Antigenic Regions (AAR) value to predict the antigenic potential by measuring sequence length and number of antigenic regions. The results showed that the ES proteins have different AAR values at RNA and microarray level. Our studies provide valuable information for future experimental studies, including the identification of novel ES proteins of therapeutic, diagnostic and immunoprophylactic interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Ma
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Alaa Majeed Mutashar Alhameed
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory Department, Thi Qar Refai Health Office, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Refai, Iraq.
| | - Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Mathematics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuanwu Li
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee SH, Chu KB, Quan FS. Parasite Infiltration and Apoptosis in Spleen upon Toxoplasma gondii Infection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:537-541. [PMID: 31715697 PMCID: PMC6851245 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection induces parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen. However, dose-dependent parasite infiltration, apoptosis, body weight alternations and survival in mice remain largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10, 30 or 100 tachyzoites of T. gondii, respectively. Parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 9 post-infection by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Significantly higher levels of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were found in 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice on days 7 and 9 post-infection. Although 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice showed significant body weight loss compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice, all of the 100, 30, and 10 tachyzoites infected mice died by days 12, 15, and 17, each respectively. Interestingly, T. gondii infiltration in 10 tachyzoites infected mice were limited to capsule area of the spleen on day 9 post-infection. Several areas of parasite infiltrations were found in the 30 tachyzoites infected mice, where noticeable levels of splenic capsule de-adhesion occurred. These results indicated that parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen, as well as body weight loss (survival) are closely correlated with infection dosage. The level of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen and splenic de-adhesion were dependent on the parasite dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Characterization of the Activities of Dinuclear Thiolato-Bridged Arene Ruthenium Complexes against Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01031-17. [PMID: 28652238 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01031-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro effects of 18 dinuclear thiolato-bridged arene ruthenium complexes (1 monohiolato compound, 4 dithiolato compounds, and 13 trithiolato compounds), originally designed as anticancer agents, on the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii grown in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cells were studied. Some trithiolato compounds exhibited antiparasitic efficacy at concentrations of 250 nM and below. Among those, complex 1 and complex 2 inhibited T. gondii proliferation with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 34 and 62 nM, respectively, and they did not affect HFFs at dosages of 200 μM or above, resulting in selectivity indices of >23,000. The IC50s of complex 9 were 1.2 nM for T. gondii and above 5 μM for HFFs. Transmission electron microscopy detected ultrastructural alterations in the matrix of the parasite mitochondria at the early stages of treatment, followed by a more pronounced destruction of tachyzoites. However, none of the three compounds applied at 250 nM for 15 days was parasiticidal. By affinity chromatography using complex 9 coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose followed by mass spectrometry, T. gondii translation elongation factor 1α and two ribosomal proteins, RPS18 and RPL27, were identified to be potential binding proteins. In conclusion, organometallic ruthenium complexes exhibit promising activities against Toxoplasma, and the potential mechanisms of action of these compounds as well as their prospective applications for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin RQ, Lillehoj HS, Lee SK, Oh S, Panebra A, Lillehoj EP. Vaccination with Eimeria tenella elongation factor-1α recombinant protein induces protective immunity against E. tenella and E. maxima infections. Vet Parasitol 2017; 243:79-84. [PMID: 28807316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is caused by multiple species of the apicomplexan protozoan, Eimeria, and is one of the most economically devastating enteric diseases for the poultry industry worldwide. Host immunity to Eimeria infection, however, is relatively species-specific. The ability to immunize chickens against different species of Eimeria using a single vaccine will have a major beneficial impact on commercial poultry production. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning, purification, and vaccination efficacy of a novel Eimeria vaccine candidate, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). One day-old broiler chickens were given two subcutaneous immunizations one week apart with E. coli-expressed E. tenella recombinant (r)EF-1α protein and evaluated for protection against challenge infection with E. tenella or E. maxima. rEF-1α-vaccinated chickens exhibited increased body weight gains, decreased fecal oocyst output, and greater serum anti-EF-1α antibody levels following challenge infection with either E. tenella or E. maxima compared with unimmunized controls. Vaccination with EF-1α may represent a new approach to inducing cross-protective immunity against avian coccidiosis in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Seung Kyoo Lee
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Alfredo Panebra
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang N, Wang S, Wang D, Li C, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Li T, Xie Q, Liu S, Zhang H. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors in domestic sheep in Henan province, central China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:53. [PMID: 27882868 PMCID: PMC5134671 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sheep are highly susceptible to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and play a major role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. In the present study, 779 serum samples from sheep were collected from Henan province, central China from March 2015 to May 2016, and antibodies to T. gondii were detected by modified agglutination test (MAT). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was 12.71% (99/779). The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence were the geographical origin, age, presence of cats, and the rearing system. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in sheep in Henan province, central China, and of an association of seropositivity to T. gondii with risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Assegal Medical Examination Institute, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Chaoying Li
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- The Fourth Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Haizhu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| |
Collapse
|