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Hussein IS, El-Manakhly AR, Salama AS, Habib AAED, Marei T, Elkholy JA, Soliman MS, El-Kholy AA. Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Complicated Intraabdominal Infection Pathogens in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Egypt. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 39172656 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Management of complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) requires containment of the source and appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. Identifying the local data is important to guide the empirical selection of antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we aimed to describe the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance of cIAI. Methods: In two major tertiary care hospitals in Egypt, we enrolled patients who met the case definition of cIAI from October 2022 to September 2023. Blood cultures were performed using the BACTAlert system (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). A culture of aspirated fluid, resected material, or debridement of the infection site was performed. Identification of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted by the VITEK-2 system (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Gram-negative resistance genes were identified by PCR and confirmed by whole bacterial genome sequencing using the Nextera XT DNA Library Preparation Kit and sequencing with the MiSeq Reagent Kit 600 v3 (Illumina, USA) on the Illumina MiSeq. Results: We enrolled 423 patients, 275 (65.01%) males. The median age was 61.35 (range 25-72 years). We studied 452 recovered bacterial isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were the vast majority, dominated by E. coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis (33.6%, 30.5%, 13.7%, 13%, and 5.4%, respectively). High rates of resistance were detected to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. No resistance was detected to colistin. Resistance to amikacin and tigecycline was low among all isolates. Resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime/avibactam was moderate. ESBL genes were common in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CTX-M15 gene was the most frequent. Among Enterobacterales, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM were the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbored a wide variety of carbapenemase genes (OXA, NDM, VIM, SIM, GIM, SPM, IMP, AIM), dominated by metallo-beta-lactamases. In 20.6% of isolates, we identified two or more resistance genes. Conclusion: High resistance rates were detected to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Amikacin and tigecyclines were the most active antimicrobials. Our data call for urgent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and reinforcement of infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Saad Hussein
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arwa R El-Manakhly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saeed Salama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Tarek Marei
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jehan Ali Elkholy
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May S Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Armah E, Osae-Nyarko L, Idun B, Ahiabu MK, Agyapong I, Kwarteng FB, Oppong M, Mohammed N, Kotey FCN, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Dayie NTKD. High Prevalence of ESBL Genes in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Urinary Tract: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship among Residents of Ghanaian Elderly Nursing Care Homes. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:985. [PMID: 39202346 PMCID: PMC11354122 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) pose significant challenges to the treatment and control of urinary tract infections, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly living in nursing care homes. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of ESBL genes in commensal E. coli isolated from urine samples of 118 elderly individuals residing in Ghanaian nursing care homes. A total of 195 ESBL genes were detected among 41 E. coli isolated from the study participants. All the isolates harboured at least one ESBL gene, and the majority of them (70.1%) carried at least four ESBL genes. Among the ESBL genes detected, CTXM825 was the predominant (14.1%). In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 65.9% of the isolates showed resistance to cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, while 56.1% showed resistance to cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin. Additionally, 46.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, indicating resistance to antibiotics from multiple classes. In summary, we observed relatively high rates of resistance to antibiotics as well as alarming rates of ESBL genes in the isolated pathogens. These findings emphasise the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programmes to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in nursing care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Armah
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, P.O. Box KB 4236, Accra 00233, Ghana;
| | - Lawrencia Osae-Nyarko
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Bright Idun
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Mawutor Kwame Ahiabu
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Isaac Agyapong
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Freda Boampong Kwarteng
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Mercy Oppong
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Naael Mohammed
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Fleischer C. N. Kotey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, P.O. Box KB 4236, Accra 00233, Ghana;
| | - Mike Yaw Osei-Atweneboana
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra 00233, Ghana; (E.A.); (L.O.-N.); (B.I.); (M.K.A.); (I.A.); (F.B.K.); (M.O.); (N.M.); (M.Y.O.-A.)
| | - Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, P.O. Box KB 4236, Accra 00233, Ghana;
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Lubwama M, Kateete DP, Katende G, Kigozi E, Orem J, Phipps W, Bwanga F. CTX-M, TEM, and SHV Genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp Isolated from Hematologic Cancer Patients with Bacteremia in Uganda. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:641-653. [PMID: 38384499 PMCID: PMC10878986 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s442646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We determined the phenotypic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, phenotypic extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence, and genotypic prevalence of ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from hematologic cancer patients with febrile neutropenia and bacteremia at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Patients and Methods Blood cultures from hematologic cancer patients with febrile neutropenia were processed in BACTEC 9120. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. isolates were identified using conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, phenotypic ESBL characterization, and genotypic characterization of the ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV were determined for pure isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. Results Two hundred and two patients were included in the study. Median age of patients was 19 years (IQR: 10-30 years). Majority (N=119, 59%) were male patients. Sixty (30%) of the participants had at least one febrile episode due to Enterobacteriaceae. Eighty-three organisms were isolated with E. coli being predominant (45, 54%). Seventy-nine (95%) Enterobacteriaceae were multidrug resistant. The ESBL phenotype was detected in 54/73 (74%) of Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. A higher proportion of Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL-positive phenotype were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (p=0.024), gentamicin (p=0.000), ciprofloxacin (p=0.000), and cotrimoxazole (p=0.000) compared to Enterobacteriaceae, which were sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins. The organisms were more susceptible to carbapenems and chloramphenicol than resistant. ESBL-encoding genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected in 55 (75%) of the 73 Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. BlaCTX-M, was the most common ESBL-encoding gene identified with 50 (91%). Conclusion ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a predominant cause of bacteremia in hematologic cancer patients at UCI. The most common ESBL-encoding gene identified in the ESBL-PE was blaCTX-M. Resistance to imipenem and meropenem was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Lubwama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David P Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Katende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Warren Phipps
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Freddie Bwanga
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Maveke SM, Aboge GO, Kanja LW, Mainga AO, Gachau N, Muchira BW, Moriasi GA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Two Kenyan Facilities: A National Referral and a Level Five Hospital. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:7463899. [PMID: 38384586 PMCID: PMC10881238 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7463899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially through the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), limits therapeutic options and poses a significant public health threat. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patient samples in two Kenyan Hospitals. Methods We collected 138 E. coli and 127 K. pneumoniae isolates from various clinical specimens at the two health facilities from January 2020 to February 2021. The isolates' ESBL production and antibiotic susceptibility were phenotypically confirmed using a standard procedure. Molecular analysis was done through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with appropriate primers for gadA, rpoB, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-group-1, blaCTX-M-group-2, blaCTX-M-group-9, and blaCTX-M-group-8/25 genes, sequencing and BLASTn analysis. Results Most E. coli (82.6%) and K. pneumoniae (92.9%) isolates were ESBL producers, with the highest resistance was against ceftriaxone (69.6% among E. coli and 91.3% among K. pneumoniae) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.9% among K. pneumoniae). The frequency of MDR was 39.9% among E. coli and 13.4% among K. pneumoniae isolates. The commonest MDR phenotypes among the E. coli isolates were CRO-FEP-AZM-LVX and CRO-AZM-LVX, while the FOX-CRO-AMC-MI-TGC-FM, FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-AZM-LVX-MI and CRO-AMC-TZP-AZM-MI were the most frequent among K. pneumoniae isolates. Notably, the FOX-CRO-FEP-AMC-TZP-AZM-LVX-MI phenotype was observed in ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative K. pneumoniae isolates. The most frequent ESBL genes were blaTEM (42%), blaSHV (40.6%), and blaOXA (36.2%) among E. coli, and blaTEM (89%), blaSHV (82.7%), blaOXA (76.4%), and blaCTX-M-group-1 (72.5%) were most frequent ESBL genes among K. pneumoniae isolates. The blaSHV and blaOXA and blaTEM genotypes were predominantly associated with FOX-CRO-FEP-MEM and CRO-FEP multidrug resistance (MDR) and CRO antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, among E. coli isolates from Embu Level V (16.7%) and Kenyatta National Hospital (7.0%), respectively. Conclusions The high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates increases the utilization of last-resort antibiotics, jeopardizing antimicrobial chemotherapy. Furthermore, the antimicrobial resistance patterns exhibited towards extended-spectrum cephalosporins, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides show the risk of co-resistance associated with ESBL-producing isolates responsible for MDR. Hence, there is a need for regular surveillance and implementation of infection prevention and control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M. Maveke
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel O. Aboge
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laetitia W. Kanja
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred O. Mainga
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naftaly Gachau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice W. Muchira
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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5
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Jiménez-Rojas V, Villanueva-García D, Miranda-Vega AL, Aldana-Vergara R, Aguilar-Rodea P, López-Marceliano B, Reyes-López A, Alcántar-Curiel MD. Gut colonization and subsequent infection of neonates caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322874. [PMID: 38314094 PMCID: PMC10834783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbors diverse bacteria considered reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes. The global emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We investigated the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEco) and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-PKpn) in neonatal patients' guts. Furthermore, we identified the factors contributing to the transition towards ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The study was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020, in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rectal samples were obtained upon admission, on a weekly basis for a month, and then biweekly until discharge from the neonatology ward. Clinical data, culture results, and infection information were gathered. We conducted antimicrobial tests, multiplex PCR assay, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relationships. A comparison between the group's controls and cases was performed using the Wilcoxon and Student t-tests. Of the 61 patients enrolled, 47 were included, and 203 rectal samples were collected, identifying 242 isolates. In 41/47 (87%) patients, colonization was due to ESBL-PEco or ESBL-PKpn. And nine of them developed HAIs (22%, 9/41). ESBL-PEco resistance to cephalosporins ranged from 25.4% to 100%, while ESBL-PKpn resistance varied from 3% to 99%, and both bacteria were susceptible to carbapenems, tigecillin, and colistin. The prevalent bla CTX-M-group-1 gene accounted for 77.2% in ESBL-PEco and 82.2% in ESBL-PKpn, followed by bla TEM 50% and bla OXA-1 43.8% in ESBL-PEco and bla TEM 80.2% and bla SHV 76.2% in ESBL-PKpn. Analysis of clonality revealed identical colonizing and infection isolates in only seven patients. Significant risk factors included hospital stay duration, duration of antibiotic treatment, and invasive device usage. Our findings suggest high ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn rates of colonization often lead to infection in neonates. Attention should be paid to patients with ESBL-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jiménez-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vega
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rubén Aldana-Vergara
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz López-Marceliano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínica. Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wolde D, Eguale T, Alemayehu H, Medhin G, Haile AF, Pirs M, Strašek Smrdel K, Avberšek J, Kušar D, Cerar Kišek T, Janko T, Steyer A, Starčič Erjavec M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Stools of Primary Healthcare Patients in Ethiopia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38247652 PMCID: PMC10812509 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli is a growing problem in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates (n = 260) isolated from the stool specimen of patients attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana. This study also aimed to characterize phenotypically confirmed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates (n = 22) using whole-genome sequencing. Resistance to 18 different antimicrobials was assessed using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. The highest resistance rate among the E. coli isolates was found for ampicillin (52.7%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (29.6%). Of all isolates, 50 (19.2%) were multidrug-resistant and 22 (8.5%) were ESBL producers. ESBL genes were detected in 94.7% of the sequenced E. coli isolates, and multiple β-lactamase genes were detected in 57.9% of the isolates. The predominant ESBL gene identified was blaCTX-M-15 (78.9%). The blaTEM-1B gene was detected in combination with other ESBL genes in 57.9% of the isolates, while only one of the sequenced isolates contained the blaTEM-1B gene alone. The blaCTX-M-3 gene was detected in three isolates. The genes blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B as well as blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-169 were confirmed to coexist in 52.6% and 10.5% of the sequenced E. coli isolates, respectively. In addition, blaOXA-1 was identified together with blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B in one isolate, and in one isolate, blaTEM-169 together with blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B was found. The results obtained show that measures need to be taken to reduce the spread of drug resistance and ensure the long-term use of available antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deneke Wolde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana P.O. Box 667, Ethiopia;
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.); (G.M.); (A.F.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.); (G.M.); (A.F.H.)
| | - Haile Alemayehu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.); (G.M.); (A.F.H.)
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.); (G.M.); (A.F.H.)
| | - Aklilu Feleke Haile
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.); (G.M.); (A.F.H.)
| | - Mateja Pirs
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Katja Strašek Smrdel
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Jana Avberšek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Darja Kušar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Tjaša Cerar Kišek
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.C.K.); (T.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Tea Janko
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.C.K.); (T.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrej Steyer
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.C.K.); (T.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Marjanca Starčič Erjavec
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nkengkana OA, Founou RC, Founou LL, Dimani BD, Koudoum PL, Zemtsa JR, Mbossi A, Mawout CS, Tegang LT, Noubom M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales isolated from clinical samples in the western region in Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:819. [PMID: 37993766 PMCID: PMC10666389 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) report has listed extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) as critical pathogens for public health and requiring urgently new antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically ESBL-E isolated among clinical samples in Dschang, Cameroon. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during a four-month periods from February to May 2022 in the two biggest hospitals of Dschang. Clinical samples were collected and cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. Suspected growing colonies were biochemically identified using the Enterosystem Kit 18R. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretated according to the CA-SFM recommendations. ESBL phenotypes were double screened using CHROMagar™ ESBL and double disk synergy test (DDST). The detection of resistance genes was performed using conventional and multiplex PCR methods. Results were analyzed with SPSS (version 21) and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 152 Enterobacterales were isolated among 597 clinical samples including urine, blood, cervico-vaginal, urethral swabs and wound samples. The overall prevalence of ESBL-Enterobacterales was 29.61% (45/152). The most represented ESBL species were Escherichia coli (n = 23; 51.11%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8; 17.78%) and Citrobacter freundii (n = 6; 13.33%). CONCLUSION This study reveals the high burden of ESBL-E among clinical samples in the regional hospital in Dschang with the most common species being E. coli and K. pneumoniae. It confirmed the high occurrence of blaCTX-M and blaTEM among ESBL-E. The study suggests that implementing antimicrobial stewardship program and real-time surveillance of antimicrobial resistance are needed in the Western region of Cameroon. Moreover, the implementation of infection prevention and control measures (IPC) is essential to curb the dissemination of these bacteria from community to hospital settings. Implementation of national action plan to fight against antimicrobial resistance at the local levels is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Aurelle Nkengkana
- Department of Microbiology- Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Department of Microbiology- Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Luria Leslie Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Bioinformatics & Applied Machine Learning Research Unit, EDEN Biosciences Research Institute (EBRI), EDEN Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Davy Dimani
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrice Landry Koudoum
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jessica Ravalona Zemtsa
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurelia Mbossi
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cyrielle Signe Mawout
- Department of Microbiology- Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Microbiology- Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Annex Regional Hospital of Dschang (ARHD), Dschang, Cameroon
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Sampah J, Owusu-Frimpong I, Aboagye FT, Owusu-Ofori A. Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a teaching hospital in Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274156. [PMID: 37903118 PMCID: PMC10615269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae is an increasing global challenge due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with their infections, especially in developing countries where there are little antibiotic treatment options. Despite these challenges, few studies in Ghana have described the burden of CRE. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in the Central region of Ghana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from April to July 2019 at the bacteriology unit of CCTH using a consecutive sampling method. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and confirmed using API 20E. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiogram of isolates. Isolates were also subjected to ESBL testing using the single-disc combination method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and then examined genotypically for the presence of blaKPC-1, blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 genes via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 230 isolates comprising E. coli (40.9%), Citrobacter spp. (32.6%), K. pneumoniae (9.1%), P. mirabilis (6.1%), P. vulgaris (5.2%), Enterobacter spp (3.5%)., K. oxytoca (2.2%), and Serratia marcenses (0.4%). Most isolates were from urine 162(70.4%) and wound samples. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin 171 (74.3%) and cefuroxime 134(58.3%). The prevalence of MDR was 35.2% (81), with E. coli 40(42.6%) being the majority that exhibited MDR. Of the 230 isolates, 113(49.1%) were ESBL producers, with E. coli 54(57.5%) accounting for the majority, while Serratia marcenses was the least. Of the 13 (5.7%) CRE isolates that showed resistance towards carbapenem in the disc diffusion method, 11 showed the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene, while all isolates showed the presence of the blaOXA-48 gene. CONCLUSION The prevalence of carbapenem resistance and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae pathogens among patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital is high and alarming. Therefore, it is imperative to consider effective infection prevention and control measures should be implemented at the hospital to prevent the rapid spread of these dangerous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sampah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Laboratory Department, St. Patrick’s Hospital, Offinso, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu-Frimpong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank Twum Aboagye
- CSIR-Water Research Institute, Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alex Owusu-Ofori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Laboratory Services Directorate Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
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9
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Owusu FA, Obeng-Nkrumah N, Gyinae E, Kodom S, Tagoe R, Tabi BKA, Dayie NTKD, Opintan JA, Egyir B. Occurrence of Carbapenemases, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and AmpCs among Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources in Accra, Ghana. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37370334 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactamase (β-lactamase)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are of public health concern due to their resistance to routine antimicrobials. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance and occurrence of carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpCs among GNB from clinical sources. GNB were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDITOF-MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and a microscan autoSCAN system. β-lactamase genes were determined via multiplex polymerase chain reactions. Of the 181 archived GNB analyzed, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae constituted 46% (n = 83) and 17% (n = 30), respectively. Resistance to ampicillin (51%), third-generation cephalosporins (21%), and ertapenem (21%) was observed among the isolates, with 44% being multi-drug resistant (MDR). β-lactamase genes such as AmpCs ((blaFOX-M (64%) and blaDHA-M and blaEDC-M (27%)), ESBLs ((blaCTX-M (81%), other β-lactamase genes blaTEM (73%) and blaSHV (27%)) and carbapenemase ((blaOXA-48 (60%) and blaNDM and blaKPC (40%)) were also detected. One K. pneumoniae co-harbored AmpC (blaFOX-M and blaEBC-M) and carbapenemase (blaKPC and blaOXA-48) genes. blaOXA-48 gene was detected in one carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Overall, isolates were resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials including last-line treatment options. This underpins the need for continuous surveillance for effective management of infections caused by these pathogens in our settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia A Owusu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Noah Obeng-Nkrumah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Esther Gyinae
- Department of Microbiology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | | | - Rhodalyn Tagoe
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Blessing Kofi Adu Tabi
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Nicholas T K D Dayie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Japheth A Opintan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
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10
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Alqahtani TMT, Alelyani AA, Yousuf MMM, Alhujayri WMK, Husain FM, Zubair M. Study of Plasmid-Mediated Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Clinical Strains of Enterobacteriaceae From Tabuk Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e40183. [PMID: 37431354 PMCID: PMC10329841 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae threaten infection treatment globally. This study aims to assess ESBLs-E prevalence and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDR) in clinical specimens from Tabuk, KSA. METHODS A cross-sectional research was carried out in March-May 2023. A collective of 90 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified from clinical specimens. The specimen was identified by standard methods. The Enterobacteriaceae member was screed for ESBL production by screening and confirmatory as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULT E. coli was the most common isolate, followed by Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter sp, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and Morganella morganii. Among the sample, the majority of isolates were from urine (47.8%) followed by pus (25.6%) and the least from other body fluids (6.7%). The E. coli showed the highest average antibiotic resistance (73.7%) among all the antibiotics used followed by P. mirabilis (70.4%), K. pneumoniae (70%), P. vulgaris (69.8%), M. morganii and Citrobacter (69.4% both), and K. oxytoca (68.8%). There was a 41.2% average reduction in ESBL positivity from phenotypic to confirmatory test results. The highest reduction was observed among M. morganii (66.7%) and the least was observed in E. coli (17.1%). CONCLUSION Most of the ESBL-producing isolates were found mainly in blood and urine samples. The most frequent ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The best options for treating Enterobacteriaceae that produce ESBL are Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Cefoxitin. ESBL-producing isotopes showed a high resistance rate to cefepime and cefotaxime compared to non-ESBL producers. It is of utmost importance to implement reliable infection control measures in healthcare institutions nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fohad M Husain
- Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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11
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Joshi MP, Alombah F, Konduri N, Ndiaye A, Kusu N, Kiggundu R, Lusaya EP, Tuala Tuala R, Embrey M, Hafner T, Traore O, Mbaye M, Akinola B, Namburete D, Acho A, Hema Y, Getahun W, Sayem MA, Nfor E. Moving from assessments to implementation: promising practices for strengthening multisectoral antimicrobial resistance containment capacity. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2023; 5:7. [PMID: 37055845 PMCID: PMC10101730 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. AMR is a technical area in the Global Health Security Agenda initiative which uses the Joint External Evaluation tool to evaluate national AMR containment capacity. This paper describes four promising practices for strengthening national antimicrobial resistance containment capacity based on the experiences of the US Agency for International Development's Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services Program work with 13 countries to implement their national action plans on AMR in the areas of multisectoral coordination, infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship. METHODS We use the World Health Organization (WHO) Benchmarks on International Health Regulations Capacities (2019) to guide national, subnational, and facility actions that advance Joint External Evaluation capacity levels from 1 (no capacity) to 5 (sustainable capacity). Our technical approach is based on scoping visits, baseline Joint External Evaluation scores, benchmarks tool guidance, and country resources and priorities. RESULTS We gleaned four promising practices to achieve AMR containment objectives: (1) implement appropriate actions using the WHO benchmarks tool, which prioritizes actions, making it easier for countries to incrementally increase their Joint External Evaluation capacity from level 1 to 5; (2) integrate AMR into national and global agendas. Ongoing agendas and programs at international, regional, and national levels provide opportunities to mainstream and interlink AMR containment efforts; (3) improve governance through multisectoral coordination on AMR. Strengthening multisectoral bodies' and their technical working groups' governance improved functioning, which led to better engagement with animal/agricultural sectors and a more coordinated COVID-19 pandemic response; and (4) mobilize and diversify funding for AMR containment. Long-term funding from diversified funding streams is vital for advancing and sustaining countries' Joint External Evaluation capacities. CONCLUSIONS The Global Health Security Agenda work has provided practical support to countries to frame and conduct AMR containment actions in terms of pandemic preparedness and health security. The WHO benchmarks tool that Global Health Security Agenda uses serves as a standardized organizing framework to prioritize capacity-appropriate AMR containment actions and transfer skills to help operationalize national action plans on AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan P. Joshi
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Fozo Alombah
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Niranjan Konduri
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Antoine Ndiaye
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Ndinda Kusu
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Reuben Kiggundu
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Peter Lusaya
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Robert Tuala Tuala
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Tamara Hafner
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Ousmane Traore
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mame Mbaye
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babatunde Akinola
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Denylson Namburete
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alphonse Acho
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yacouba Hema
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Workineh Getahun
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Md Abu Sayem
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emmanuel Nfor
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA USA
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12
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Venne DM, Hartley DM, Malchione MD, Koch M, Britto AY, Goodman JL. Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37013626 PMCID: PMC10071777 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are among the most serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. Emerging resistance to polymyxins raises the specter of untreatable infections. These resistant organisms have spread globally but, as indicated in WHO reports, the surveillance needed to identify and track them is insufficient, particularly in less resourced countries. This study employs comprehensive search strategies with data extraction, meta-analysis and mapping to help address gaps in the understanding of the risks of carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in the nations of Africa. METHODS Three comprehensive Boolean searches were constructed and utilized to query scientific and medical databases as well as grey literature sources through the end of 2019. Search results were screened to exclude irrelevant results and remaining studies were examined for relevant information regarding carbapenem and/or polymyxin(s) susceptibility and/or resistance amongst E. coli and Klebsiella isolates from humans. Such data and study characteristics were extracted and coded, and the resulting data was analyzed and geographically mapped. RESULTS Our analysis yielded 1341 reports documenting carbapenem resistance in 40 of 54 nations. Resistance among E. coli was estimated as high (> 5%) in 3, moderate (1-5%) in 8 and low (< 1%) in 14 nations with at least 100 representative isolates from 2010 to 2019, while present in 9 others with insufficient isolates to support estimates. Carbapenem resistance was generally higher among Klebsiella: high in 10 nations, moderate in 6, low in 6, and present in 11 with insufficient isolates for estimates. While much less information was available concerning polymyxins, we found 341 reports from 33 of 54 nations, documenting resistance in 23. Resistance among E. coli was high in 2 nations, moderate in 1 and low in 6, while present in 10 with insufficient isolates for estimates. Among Klebsiella, resistance was low in 8 nations and present in 8 with insufficient isolates for estimates. The most widespread associated genotypes were, for carbapenems, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181 and, for polymyxins, mcr-1, mgrB, and phoPQ/pmrAB. Overlapping carbapenem and polymyxin resistance was documented in 23 nations. CONCLUSIONS While numerous data gaps remain, these data show that significant carbapenem resistance is widespread in Africa and polymyxin resistance is also widely distributed, indicating the need to support robust AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in a manner that also addresses broader animal and environmental health dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Venne
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David M Hartley
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marissa D Malchione
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Sabin Vaccine Institute, Influenza Vaccine Innovation, 2175 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Michala Koch
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Anjali Y Britto
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jesse L Goodman
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Valia D, Kouanda JS, Ingelbeen B, Derra K, Kaboré B, Kiemdé F, Rouamba T, Rouamba E, Hien FS, Campbell L, Meudec M, Robert A, Tinto H, van der Sande MAB, Villalobos HR. Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:391-400. [PMID: 36871194 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimising antibiotic use is important to limit increasing antibiotic resistance. In rural Burkina Faso, over-the-counter dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies and non-licensed medicine retail outlets facilitates self-medication. We investigated its extent, reasons and dispensing patterns. METHODS In an exploratory mixed-method design conducted between October 2020 and December 2021, this study first explored illness perceptions, the range of healthcare providers in communities, antibiotics knowledge and reasons for seeking healthcare outside healthcare facilities. Second, frequencies of illness and healthcare utilisation in the last 3 months were quantitatively measured. RESULTS Participants distinguished between natural and magico-religious illnesses, according to origins. For illnesses considered to be 'natural', healthcare was mainly sought at healthcare facilities, private pharmacies and informal drug outlets. For illnesses considered as magico-religious, traditional healers were mainly visited. Antibiotics were perceived in the community as medicines similar to painkillers. Healthcare-seeking outside healthcare facilities was reported by 660/1973 (33.5%) participants reporting symptoms, including 315 (47.7%) to informal vendors. Healthcare seeking outside facilities was less common for 0-4-year-olds (58/534, 10.9% vs. 379/850, 44.1% for ≥5-year-olds) and decreased with improving socio-economic status (108/237, 45.6% in the lowest quintile; 96/418, 23.0% in the highest). Reported reasons included financial limitation, and also proximity to informal drug vendors, long waiting times at healthcare facilities, and health professionals' non-empathetic attitudes towards their patients. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need to facilitate and promote access to healthcare facilities through universal health insurance and patient-centred care including reducing patients' waiting time. Furthermore, community-level antibiotic stewardship programmes should include community pharmacies and informal vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Valia
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juste Stéphane Kouanda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Brecht Ingelbeen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karim Derra
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Bérenger Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - François Kiemdé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Eli Rouamba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Franck Sovi Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Linda Campbell
- Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Meudec
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annie Robert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Rodriguez Villalobos
- Microbiology Unit, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Prevalence of Carbapenemase and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010148. [PMID: 36671350 PMCID: PMC9854900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae have been classified as severely drug resistant bacteria by the World Health Organization due to their extensive production and dissemination of carbapenemases (CPs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The current study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. For this, a hospital-based study was conducted which included 384 participants with bacterial infections. The collection and processing of specimens was conducted per standard microbiological protocol. The samples were inoculated on agar media plates to obtain the bacterial growths, and if they were positive for any bacterial growth, the antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method to check their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The double disc diffusion as well as carbapenem inhibition techniques were used to examine the CP enzymes. Multiplex real-time PCR technique was performed to identify three distinct genetic types of CPs that have been identified in the Enterobacteriaceae (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48). A majority of participants (58.3%) in the current study were living in urban areas. A total of 227 (59.1%) patients were hospitalized. Furthermore, 26.04% of the patients were determined to be suffering from infections with Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (9.1%) isolate overall, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.07%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.3%), Proteus spp. (1.3%), and Morganella spp. (0.5%). The studied patients were suffering from urinary tract infections (48.6%), blood stream infections (32.2%), wounds infection (11.9%), and respiratory infections (7.03%), confirmed with bacterial cultures. The resistance against carbapenems was seen in 31.4% of E. coli isolates, 25.8% in K. pneumoniae, 50% in P. aeruginosa, 25% in A. baumannii, and 20% in E. cloacae isolates. Such high rates of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are alarming, suggesting high spread in the study area. It is advised to implement better infection prevention and control strategies and conduct further nationwide screening of the carriers of these pathogens. This might help in reducing the burden of highly resistant bugs.
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Kalambry AC, Potindji TMF, Guindo I, Kassogue A, Drame BSI, Togo S, Yena S, Doumbia S, Diakite M. ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in infectious pleural effusions: current epidemiology at Hôpital du Mali. Drug Target Insights 2023; 17:92-100. [PMID: 37654725 PMCID: PMC10466504 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2023.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases being major contributors. Pleural infection (PI) is a severe condition in West Africa, complicated by AMR. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria in pleural effusions in Mali. Materials and methods Pleural fluid samples from 526 patients with pleuritis were analyzed. Enterobacterial species were isolated and identified, and the prevalence of resistance genes (blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaKPC, blaTEM, blaSHV) and virulence factors was determined. Results Among the patients, 110 were diagnosed with enterobacterial pleuritis. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis were the main pathogens identified. Resistance to β-lactams and cephalosporins was high, while carbapenems showed good activity. ESBL production was detected in 33.6% of isolates, with blaTEM being the most common gene. Carbapenemase gene (blaNDM-1) was found in three isolates. Conclusion The study highlights the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the need for appropriate antibiotic selection based on local resistance patterns. Understanding the molecular characteristics of resistance is crucial for optimizing patient care and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to monitor and control AMR in PIs in Mali.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ambara Kassogue
- Medical Biology Laboratory, "Hôpital du Mali" Teaching Hospital, Bamako - Mali
| | | | - Seydou Togo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, "Hôpital du Mali" Teaching Hospital, Bamako - Mali
| | - Sadio Yena
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, "Hôpital du Mali" Teaching Hospital, Bamako - Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako, Bamako - Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako - Mali
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako - Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Bamako - Mali
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16
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Dougnon V, Legba BB, Gbaguidi B, Agbodjento E, Agbankpe AJ, Rocha D, Ayi I, Azonbakin S, Diallo A, Bonkoungou IJ, Klotoe JR, Agbangla C, Alitonou GA. A review of some medicinal plants with the potential to defeat antimicrobial resistance: Cases of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Cape Verde. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.124-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem. In the alternatives being explored for developing new antimicrobials, medicinal plants occupy an important place, particularly in Africa, where they are widely used. This review aims to analyze the potential of medicinal plants from Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina-Faso, and Cape Verde in the fight against AMR. A bibliographic search was conducted to explore scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. During this search, particular attention was given to epidemiological data related to AMR in these countries, medicinal plants traditionally used to treat microbial infections and medicinal plants that have been shown to be active on multidrug-resistant microbial strains. In total, 94 manuscripts were investigated. Epidemiological data showed that the problem of AMR is worsening in each target country. In addition, several medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be effective against microbial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. A total of 532 medicinal plants were identified according to their ethnomedical uses for the treatment of microbial infections. Scientific evidence was collected on the antimicrobial potential of 91 plants. This study showed the potential of medicinal plants in the fight against AMR. Their documented traditional use, coupled with the evidence of efficacy provided, make them interesting sources for developing new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorien Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Boris Brice Legba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Bertin Gbaguidi
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Eric Agbodjento
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Alidehou Jerrold Agbankpe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Diara Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Cape Verde, Cape Verde
| | - Irene Ayi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Simon Azonbakin
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Isidore Juste Bonkoungou
- Department of Biochemistry - Microbiology, University of University Joseph KI ZERBO, Burkina-Faso
| | - Jean Robert Klotoe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Clément Agbangla
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Guy Alain Alitonou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Rostamian M, Kadivarian S, Kooti S, Dashtbin S, Abiri R, Alvandi A. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Kermanshah Medical Centers:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.16.6.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Virulence genes, phylogenetic analysis, and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients and outpatients. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:805-813. [PMID: 35972677 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in hospitalized and community patients. The aim was to compare the genetic characteristics of E. coli isolated from inpatients (IPs) and outpatients (OPs) with UTI regarding their phylogenies, virulence traits, and resistance trends. In this cross-sectional study, 130 epidemiologically unrelated E. coli isolates were collected from patients with UTI. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was detected by the combination disk method. UPEC and intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC) virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were analyzed for phylogenetic grouping. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Of the 130 isolates, 62.3% were from OPs and 37.7% from IPs. About 35.8% of the OPs and 49% of the IPs were ESBL positive. Moreover, 56.8% of the OPs and 59.2% of the IPs were positive for UPEC virulence genes. Notably, 50% of the isolates from each group exhibited IPEC virulence properties. The predominant phylogroup was B2 (43.2% in the OPs and 40.8% in the IPs). No significant difference was found between the IP and OP isolates (P > 0.05). Our results may indicate that consideration should also be given to hygienic standards in the community. The marked genetic plasticity of E. coli has allowed the emergence of strains showing arrays of genes from different pathotypes. Characterization of E. coli isolates in different areas may guide the selection of effective infection control strategies.
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Siriphap A, Kitti T, Khuekankaew A, Boonlao C, Thephinlap C, Thepmalee C, Suwannasom N, Khoothiam K. High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: A 5-year retrospective study at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Thailand. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:955774. [PMID: 36004324 PMCID: PMC9393477 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.955774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been recognized as a public health concern as severe infections caused by these microorganisms increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Chiangrai Prachanukroh hospital, Chiangrai province, Thailand. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2016 to December 2020. A total of 384,001 clinical specimens were collected aseptically and further cultivated on an appropriate medium. All clinical isolates (one isolate per patient) were identified based on standard laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. ESBL production was screened with ceftazidime and cefotaxime discs based on the CLSI recommendations. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was carried out using a double-disc synergy technique following the CLSI standard. Results Of a total of 384,001 clinical samples analyzed for bacterial species identification, 11,065 (2.9%) tested positive for E. coli and 5,617 (1.5%) for K. pneumoniae. Approximately 42.5% (4,706/11,065) of E. coli and 30.2% (1,697/5,617) of K. pneumoniae isolates were classified as ESBL producers. A higher proportion of ESBL producers was found in patients older than 60 years and male groups. The highest infection rates of ESBL-positive pathogens were observed among patients in a medical unit. ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were predominantly found in urine and sputum, respectively. ESBL producers exhibited a high resistance rate to ampicillin (99.8–100%), cefazolin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions This study demonstrated the high prevalence and emerging antibiotic resistance of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to a provincial hospital in northern Thailand. Most ESBL-producing strains were highly resistant to several antimicrobial agents apart from carbapenems and aminoglycosides. These findings indicated that carbapenems and aminoglycosides should be advised as the first-line drugs of choice for serious infections with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Kitti
- Faculty of Oriental Medicine, Chiang Rai College, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Chalermchai Boonlao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chonthida Thephinlap
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Thepmalee
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nittiya Suwannasom
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Krissana Khoothiam
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Krissana Khoothiam,
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20
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Sahle Z, Engidaye G, Shenkute D, Metaferia Y, Shibabaw A. High Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Hospitalized Patients Presumptive for Bacterial Infection at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2639-2656. [PMID: 35642212 PMCID: PMC9148578 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s363988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E), primarily extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBLs), have emerged as a major public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among hospitalized patients presumptive for bacterial infections at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021. A total of 384 hospitalized patients presumptive for bacterial infections were included in the study. Urine, wound, blood, stool, and sputum samples were collected and cultured on MacConkey agar, Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium, and Blood agar. Identification was done using a panel of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion. Screening of ESBL production was done by using cefotaxime and ceftazidime and confirmed by the combination disk method per clinical laboratory standard institute guidelines. Data analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25, and a P-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of 384 study participants, a total of 164 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. The overall multi-drug resistance rate (MDR) was 92.1%. The overall prevalence of ESBL-PE was 104 (63.4%). E. coli 50 (30.5%) and K. pneumoniae 24 (14.6%) were the predominant ESBL producers. The highest ESBL producers E. coli (13.4%) and K. pneumoniae (6.1%) were isolated from urine sample. History of antibiotic use for the last three months (P-value=0.01), admission in neonatal intensive care unit (P-value=0.02), history of hospital stays (P-value=0.01), and chronic disease (P-value=0.04) showed statistically significant association with ESBL-PE infection. Conclusion The prevalence of MDR-E and ESBL-PE was high. Therefore, strong infection prevention and control measures and careful selection of antibiotics are needed in the study area to block the transmission and infection in the healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenawork Sahle
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Getabalew Engidaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Demissew Shenkute
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshi Metaferia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Shibabaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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21
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Dela H, Egyir B, Majekodunmi AO, Behene E, Yeboah C, Ackah D, Bongo RNA, Bonfoh B, Zinsstag J, Bimi L, Addo KK. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268991. [PMID: 35617316 PMCID: PMC9135277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) contribute to prolonged hospitalization because of their resistance and virulence properties aiding in the spread of diarrhoeal disease and delayed treatment. AIM To determine DEC and the antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-PE isolated among diarrhoea patients attending two health facilities in Ghana. METHODS Stool samples were collected from 122 diarrhoeal patients who attended Maamobi General Hospital and Kaneshie Polyclinic between January 2019 and March 2020. Identification of bacteria was performed by using the Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Using disk diffusion, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted and interpreted according to the 2018 CLSI guidelines. Detection of ESBL and DEC genes was performed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 80.3% (98/122) Enterobacteriaceae was recovered from the patients in the study with an overall ESBL occurrence of 20.4% (20/98), predominantly among E. coli showed 13.2% (10/76), Klebsiella pneumoniae,35.7%(5/14) and Proteus mirabilis, 57.1%(4/7). Among the ESBL genes detected, blaTEM (n = 14) was common, followed by blaCTX-M (n = 13) and blaSHV (n = 4). Thirty-four E. coli isolates possessed the heat labile (Lt) gene of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the existence of DEC and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-PE among stool isolates, limiting the options of commonly used drugs for diarrhoeal treatment in Ghana. Routine laboratory testing in health care facilities and strengthened surveillance systems among hospital networks are encouraged for a better understanding of their epidemiology and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dela
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ayodele O. Majekodunmi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric Behene
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Clara Yeboah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dominic Ackah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard N. A. Bongo
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement (IRED), N’djamena, Chad
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (EPH), Swiss TPH, Basel Switzerland
| | - Langbong Bimi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Kwasi Addo
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Tilahun M, Gedefie A, Bisetegn H, Debash H. Emergence of High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Acinetobacter Species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Among Hospitalized Patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-East Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:895-911. [PMID: 35299856 PMCID: PMC8921833 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s358116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamase and carbapenemase production of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a great concern and major cause of nosocomial infections due to its ability to production of extended spectrum beta lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes. Objective To assess Emergence of high prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and Carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among hospitalized patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-East Ethiopia. Materials and Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February–August 2021 at Dessie Referral Hospital in the North eastern Ethiopia. A total of 423 clinical samples taken from admitted patients. Clinical specimens were collected aseptically and inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar media. Antimicrobial susceptibility test, ESBL and carbapenemase production were performed as CLSI guideline. The data were entered into the Epi-data and imported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. P value of <0.05 with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of 423 clinical specimens 17.7% (75/423) were culture positive nosocomial infection. The proportions of nosocomial infection were higher in blood stream followed by wound infection which accounted 24.6%, 20.8%, respectively. Overall, 32/75 (42.7%) and 19/75 (25.3%) patients had infection with ESBL and CP producing bacterial infection. P. aeruginosa was the most predominant isolated bacteria 46/75 (52.9%). The overall multidrug resistance rate of the isolated bacteria was 88% (66/75). The majority of highest resistance rate was Piperacillin tazobactam 50 (66.7%) and Aztreonam 26 (56.5%), respectively, while least resistance rate was Amikacin 27 (36%). Conclusion The incidence rates of ESBL, carbapenemase production and antimicrobial resistant Acinetobacter species and P. aeruginosa infections are high. Therefore, treatment should be based on culture and antimicrobial test result and minimize the use of antibiotics empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mihret Tilahun, Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia, Tel +251 920988307, Fax +251 333115250, Email
| | - Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habitye Bisetegn
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtu Debash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Seman A, Mihret A, Sebre S, Awoke T, Yeshitela B, Yitayew B, Aseffa A, Asrat D, Abebe T. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Bloodstream Infection Suspected Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1367-1382. [PMID: 35378892 PMCID: PMC8976516 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s349566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Production of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase is the most common strategy for drug resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of ESBL and Carbapenemase production (CPE) among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from September 2018 to January 2019 in Ethiopia. A total of 2397 BSI suspected patients were enrolled and blood culture was performed using a BacT/Alert instrument in combination with conventional methods for identification. After antimicrobial susceptibility test, phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs was done by combined disc-diffusion. Meanwhile carbapenemase production was done by modified carbapenem inactivation method. Multiplex PCR was conducted to detect the presence of blaCTX-M,blaSHV,blaTEM, blaKPC and blaNDM genes. Results A total of 104 (4.3%) Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 2397 BSI suspected patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (55/104, 52%) was the predominant isolate followed by E. coli, (19.2%, 20/104) and K.oxytoca (17.3%, 18/104). ESBL and carbapenemase production were observed from 70 (67.3%, 57.4 −76.2% at 95% CI) and 8 (7.7%, 3.4–14.6% at 95% CI) isolates respectively. The highest frequency of ESBL and carbapenemase production was observed in K. pneumoniae 78.2% (43/55) and 9.1% (5/55), respectively. All the 70 isolates confirmed as ESBL producers harbored at least one of the ESBL genes and the majority of them carried multiple beta-lactamase genes (84.3%), where blaCTX-M, type was the most predominant (67.3%). Similarly, the entire eight isolates positive for carbapenemase carried blaNDM but none of them carried blaKPC. Conclusion In our study, the rate of ESBL production among BSI-causing Enterobacteriaceae was alarming and most of the isolates carried multiple types of ESBL genes. A significant magnitude of CPE isolates causing BSI was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Seman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Aminu Seman, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251 920 747 176, Email ;
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shemse Sebre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Awoke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Yeshitela
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Yitayew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asrat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Emergence of High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Species among Patients in Northwestern Ethiopia Region. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5727638. [PMID: 35155675 PMCID: PMC8837423 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5727638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background. World Health Organization identified some Enterobacteriaceae as superbugs because of their high production and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases. Moreover, their resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics left few choices of drugs to treat infection. This study is aimed at determining the magnitude of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Materials and Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to April 2019 in the Northwestern Ethiopia region. A total of 384 patients presumptive for bacterial infections were conveniently enrolled in the study. Specimens were collected and processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Drug susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion technique. ESBL and carbapenemase enzymes were tested by double disk diffusion and modified carbapenem inhibition methods, respectively. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software, and descriptive statistics were summarized in tables and graphs. Results. Out of 384 clinical specimens processed 100 (26%) were culture positive for Enterobacteriaceae. The proportion of Enterobacteriaceae infection was relatively higher among in-patients 86 (32.6%) than out-patients 14 (11.7%). Overall, Escherichia coli 35 (9.1%) was the leading isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 31 (8.1%). Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 (15.6%) was the most frequent isolate from bloodstream infection and is the leading isolate from intensive care unit patients 15 (38.3%). Overall, 44 (44%) of Enterobacteriaceae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Among them, Citrobacter spp. was the leading one 4 (80%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae 6 (60%) and K. pneumoniae 18 (58.1%). Furthermore, 6 (6%) of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenemase-producers, in which 5 (50%) of E. cloacae and 3 (9.7%) of K. pneumoniae had highest percentage. Conclusions. ESBL and carbapenemase-producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae are alarmingly spreading in the study area. Thus, improving the infection prevention strategy and further screening at the national level is recommended to develop the optimal use of antibiotics.
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Molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from gingivitis and periodontitis patients and the antimicrobial activity of mouth wash agents. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dash S, Sahu S, Paty B. Phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae using combined disk diffusion, ESBL HiCrome agar, and E-test: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_105_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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The Magnitude of Carbapenemase and ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1369:117-128. [PMID: 34914083 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of carbapenemase and ESBL producing bacteria isolated from patients affected by Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A total of 120 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from UTI patients were collected and identified on species level using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Detection of ESBL production was carried out by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar medium and the combined disk diffusion. Production of carbapenemase was determined by using Hodge-test and modified carbapenem inactivation method as described in CLSI guidelines. RESULTS Out of the total 120 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 74 (61.7%) were ESBL-producers, and 8 (6.7%) were carbapenemase producers. The most common ESBL producing isolate was E.coli 38 (51.4%) and the most common carbapenemase-producing isolate was K.pneumoniae five (62.5%). Most of the ESBL and carbapenemase-producing isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients 46 (62.2%) and 7 (87.5%) respectively. The rate of ESBL and CPE production was observed high among patients taking antibiotics 64.8% (59/91) and 7.7% (7/91) respectively, but no significant association was observed p > 0.05. Furthermore, about 1.7% (2/120) isolates were found both ESBL and carbapenemase producers. Significant resistances rates were observed in ESBL and CPE isolates. CONCLUSION Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed a significantly higher rate of ESBL production. A significant figure of carbapenemase production was observed among Enterobacteriaceae isolates causing UTI. The production of ESBL and CPE enhanced for an increased rate of MDR patterns. Efforts need to be made to introduce a system for tracking and detecting ESBL-PE and CPE-producing bacteria in hospitals, and monitoring dissemination of ESBL and CPE-producing Enterobacteriaceae is strongly recommended.
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Pediatric Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Caused by ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae Species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:6679029. [PMID: 34692824 PMCID: PMC8526884 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6679029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, drug resistance pattern has worsened for many of the uropathogens due to overuse of antibiotics for empiric treatment. The burden of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae associated urinary tract infections (UTI) has become increasingly more common, limiting treatment options among children presenting with febrile UTI. We investigated the burden and correlates of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae associated UTI among children and antibacterial resistance pattern. METHODS 284 midstream urine specimens were collected using standard aseptic techniques from 284 children who were diagnosed with suspected UTI. Urine culture and bacteria isolation were performed following standard bacteriological techniques. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique and the double-disc synergy test were used to investigate antibiotic susceptibility and presence of ESBL production. RESULTS UTI was confirmed using a positive urine culture for a relevant pathogen in 96/284 (33.8%) of the cases. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 75% (72/96) of etiologies of UTI in children. The most frequent Enterobacteriaceae spp. were E. coli, 44.4% (32/72) and K. pneumonia, 27.8% (20/72). The overall multidrug resistance rate was 86.1% (62/72). ESBL-producers accounted for 41.7% (30/72) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL producing K. pneumonia and E. coli isolates accounted for 70% (14/20) and 37.5% (12/32), respectively. History of UTI in the past 1 year (adjusted odds ratio (AoR) = 0.08, 95%CI (0.01 - 0.57)) and medium family wealth index (AoR = 0.03, 95%CI (0.00 - 0.27)) protected from infection with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion. ESBL production was more common in K. pneumonia and appeared to be a major factor contributing drug resistance UTI in children. The findings call for the need to incorporate ESBL testing in the routine clinical practice. The resistance level to commonly prescribed first-line antibiotics observed within Enterobacteriaceae was alarming calling for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.
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Onduru OG, Mkakosya RS, Rumisha SF, Aboud S. Carriage Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Outpatients Attending Community Health Centers in Blantyre, Malawi. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6040179. [PMID: 34698289 PMCID: PMC8544730 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by Enterobacterales is a global health problem contributing to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-constrained countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in community patients in Blantyre, Malawi. Clinical samples were collected from 300 patients and screened for ESBL-E using a CHROMagarTM ESBL medium. Confirmation of ESBL production was done by a combination disk test (CDT). The prevalence of community-acquired ESBL-E was 16.67% (50/300, 95% CI = 12.43–20.91%). The most common ESBL-E species isolated was Escherichia coli (66%). All ESBL-E isolates were resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole except for 2% of E. coli. Besides this, all ESBL-E were susceptible to Imipenem and only 4% were resistant to Meropenem. No patients with a positive ESBL-E phenotype had a history of hospital admission in the last three months, and the carriage of ESBL-E was neither associated with the demographic nor the clinical characteristics of participants. Our findings reveal a low presence of ESBL-E phenotypes in community patients. The low prevalence of ESBL-E in the community settings of Blantyre can be maintained if strong infection and antimicrobial use-control strategies are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onduru Gervas Onduru
- The Africa Center of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine (ACEPHEM), Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Private Bag 360, Malawi
- Correspondence:
| | - Rajhab Sawasawa Mkakosya
- Department of Pathology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Private Bag 360, Malawi;
| | - Susan Fred Rumisha
- Directorate of Information Technology and Communication, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
- Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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Addablah AYA, Kakou-Ngazoa S, Akpa EE, M'Bourou Ndombi F, Adioumani E, Koudou A, Coulibaly N'Golo D, Kouame Sina M, Kouassi SK, Aoussi S, Dosso M. Investigation of Phages Infecting Escherichia coli Strains B and C, and Enterobacter cloacae in Sewage and Ebrié Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2021; 2:104-111. [PMID: 36161244 PMCID: PMC9041496 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bacteriophages are a promising biotechnological against bacterial pathogens. Currently, phage research is garnering interest in sub-Saharan countries as bacterial resistance to antibiotics becomes widespread. They are sought in all environments as they offer the possibility of a sustainable alternative to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Altogether 30 water samples from urban sewage and environmental water were screened for the presence of bacteriophages able to infect Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Their genomic diversity was determined by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR fingerprinting. Results: We isolated 35 phages including 9 polyvalent phages that infect simultaneously E. coli and E. cloacae. This study allowed first isolation of E. cloacae-specific phages in Côte d'Ivoire. All phages were distinct based on their RAPD band patterns. Conclusions: Sewage systems of Yopougon and the environmental water of Ebrié lagoon were a rich source of phages. The phage collection could be useful for phage application in Côte d'Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameyo Yayra Audrey Addablah
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie biochimique, Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Address correspondence to: Ameyo Yayra Audrey Addablah, MS, Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technologie et Technique, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan 01 BP 490, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Solange Kakou-Ngazoa
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Address correspondence to: Solange Kakou-Ngazoa, PhD, Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technologie et Technique, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan 01 BP 490, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eric Essoh Akpa
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie biochimique, Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Fred M'Bourou Ndombi
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emmanuella Adioumani
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie biochimique, Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aristide Koudou
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - David Coulibaly N'Golo
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mireille Kouame Sina
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Stephane Kan Kouassi
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Serge Aoussi
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mireille Dosso
- Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Technique et Technologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Co-Existence of Certain ESBLs, MBLs and Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes among MDR E. coli Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070835. [PMID: 34356756 PMCID: PMC8300665 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and even pan drug resistant (PDR) strains is alarming. In this study, we studied the resistance pattern of E. coli pathogens recovered from patients with different infections in different hospitals in Minia, Egypt and the co-existence of different resistance determinants. E. coli was the most prevalent among patients suffering from urinary tract infections (62%), while they were the least isolated from eye infections (10%). High prevalence of MDR isolates was found (73%) associated with high ESBLs and MBLs production (89.4% and 64.8%, respectively). blaTEM (80%) and blaNDM (43%) were the most frequent ESBL and MBL, respectively. None of the isolates harbored blaKPC and blaOXA-48 carbapenemase like genes. Also, the fluoroquinolone modifying enzyme gene aac-(6′)-Ib-cr was detected in 25.2% of the isolates. More than one gene was found in 81% of the isolates. Azithromycin was one of the most effective antibiotics against MDR E. coli pathogens. The high MAR index of the isolates and the high prevalence of resistance genes, indicates an important public health concern and high-risk communities where antibiotics are abused.
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Bonko MDA, Tahita MC, Kiemde F, Lompo P, Yougbaré S, Some AM, Tinto H, Mens PF, Menting S, Schallig HDFH. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1220-1230. [PMID: 34185935 PMCID: PMC8596758 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by Kirby–Bauer method. Results In total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli isolates showed a high resistance rate to trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin–clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced ß‐lactamase suggesting multi‐drug resistance against β‐lactam as well as non‐β‐lactam antibiotics. Multi‐drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly Gram‐negative bacteria. Conclusions This study showed high resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massa Dit Achille Bonko
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Christian Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Francois Kiemde
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Palpouguini Lompo
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sibidou Yougbaré
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Athanase M Some
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé - Direction régionale du Centre-Ouest/Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Petra F Mens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Menting
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shawa M, Furuta Y, Mulenga G, Mubanga M, Mulenga E, Zorigt T, Kaile C, Simbotwe M, Paudel A, Hang'ombe B, Higashi H. Novel chromosomal insertions of ISEcp1-bla CTX-M-15 and diverse antimicrobial resistance genes in Zambian clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:79. [PMID: 33971966 PMCID: PMC8111917 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has undergone dramatic changes, with CTX-M-type enzymes prevailing over other types. blaCTX-M genes, encoding CTX-M-type ESBLs, are usually found on plasmids, but chromosomal location is becoming common. Given that blaCTX-M-harboring strains often exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR), it is important to investigate the association between chromosomally integrated blaCTX-M and the presence of additional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and to identify other relevant genetic elements. Methods A total of 46 clinical isolates of cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (1 Enterobacter cloacae, 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 36 Escherichia coli) from Zambia were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using MiSeq and MinION. By reconstructing nearly complete genomes, blaCTX-M genes were categorized as either chromosomal or plasmid-borne. Results WGS-based genotyping identified 58 AMR genes, including four blaCTX-M alleles (i.e., blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCTX-M-55). Hierarchical clustering using selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics suggested clonal dissemination of blaCTX-M genes. Out of 45 blaCTX-M gene-carrying strains, 7 harbored the gene in their chromosome. In one E. cloacae and three E. coli strains, chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 was located on insertions longer than 10 kb. These insertions were bounded by ISEcp1 at one end, exhibited a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology with previously reported plasmids, and carried multiple AMR genes that corresponded with phenotypic AMR profiles. Conclusion Our study revealed the co-occurrence of ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15 and multiple AMR genes on chromosomal insertions in E. cloacae and E. coli, suggesting that ISEcp1 may be responsible for the transposition of diverse AMR genes from plasmids to chromosomes. Stable retention of such insertions in chromosomes may facilitate the successful propagation of MDR clones among these Enterobacteriaceae species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00941-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misheck Shawa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gillan Mulenga
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Maron Mubanga
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Evans Mulenga
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tuvshinzaya Zorigt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Christone Kaile
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Manyando Simbotwe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernard Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Sanke-Waïgana H, Mbecko JR, Ngaya G, Manirakiza A, Alain BA. 2003-2019: explosive spread of enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Bangui Central African Republic. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:22. [PMID: 34394813 PMCID: PMC8348255 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.22.28812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the spread of enterobacteria producing extended-broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is a global public health-problem. In a study carried in 2003-2005 at the Pasteur Institute in Bangui, 450 enterobacteria were identified in clinical isolates, of which 17 were ESBL (prevalence: 3.78%). The aim of this study was to update this data. Methods from May 2018 to April 2019, a total of 941 enterobacteria were isolated and identified under identical conditions of recruitment and with the same techniques used in the previous study: phenotypic identification using Api 20E strips (bioMérieux SA, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) and antimicrobial drug susceptibility using the disk diffusion method (Bio-Rad antibiotic discs, Marnes la Coquette, France). Resistance genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Results from May 2018 to April 2019, a total of 941 enterobacteria were isolated of which 478 were ESBL, thus amounting to a prevalence of 50.80%. The genetic profiles of the bla CTX-M resistance genes exhibited the emergence of the CTX-M28 variant (CTX-M1 group) and variants of the M2 and M9 groups. There was also a notable increase, from 35 to 64%, in the ESBL with a bla SHV gene. Conclusion this study documents a 13 fold increase in the prevalence of ESBL derived from clinical isolates of the bacteriology laboratory of the Institute Pasteur in Bangui, by comparing its data with that of the publication by Frank et al. 2006. Together with this increase a significant diversification of the circulating CTX-M resistance genes was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Sanke-Waïgana
- Clinical Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Laboratory of Medical and Experimental Bacteriology Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Jean-Robert Mbecko
- Clinical Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Laboratory of Medical and Experimental Bacteriology Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Gilles Ngaya
- Clinical Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Alexandre Manirakiza
- Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
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Dikoumba AC, Onanga R, Boundenga L, Bignoumba M, Ngoungou EB, Godreuil S. Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Major Hospitals in Gabon. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1525-1534. [PMID: 33956516 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gabon, few data exist on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE). This study investigated ESBL-PE prevalence and the associated resistance genes in clinical samples (n = 5,956) and anal swabs (n = 78) analyzed in eight hospitals and a medical analysis laboratory in Gabon from January 2016 to March 2018. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis identified 790 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 712 clinical samples and n = 78 fecal samples). ESBL-PE prevalence (Müller-Hinton agar disk diffusion method and double-disk synergy test) was 11.8% (84/712) in clinical samples (15.5% from inpatients and 7.1% from outpatients; p < 0.05) and 16.7% (13/78) in carriage isolates. Most ESBL-PE were isolated from urine samples (46/84). In clinical and carriage ESBL-PE isolates, Escherichia coli was predominant (42.8% and 61.5%; phylogroups A, B1, B2, and D), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (41.7% and 23.1%). Multiplex PCR and bi-directional sequencing showed that CTX-M group 1 (blaCTX-M-15) was predominant in clinical and carriage ESBL-PE (94% and 92.3%) among which 85.7% and 92.3% also harbored one to three β-lactamase-encoding genes (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, or blaSHV-1). Resistance genes were detected in all hospitals in Gabon. ESBL-PE prevalence in Gabon has not reached alarming levels yet, but corrective and monitoring measures are needed to curb their emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annicet-Clotaire Dikoumba
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, Libreville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie de Recherche, Unité de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Onanga
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie de Recherche, Unité de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes, Département de Parasitologie du Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon.,Unité Maladie Émergentes Virales, Département de Virologie du Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Michelle Bignoumba
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie de Recherche, Unité de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Edgard-Brice Ngoungou
- Département d'Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM)/Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement (UREMCSE), Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Diriba K, Awulachew E, Gemede A, Anja A. The magnitude of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000195. [PMID: 34151151 PMCID: PMC8209701 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of resistance among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a serious problem around the world. It results in serious clinical complications in humans and has become a global threat. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia were included. Four authors independently extracted data and analysed using R software version 3.6.1 and STATA statistical software version 13. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ethiopia. RESULTS Of 142 articles reviewed, 14 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the different clinical specimens in Ethiopia was 49 % (95 % CI: 39, 60). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the leading ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae followed by Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii with a prevalence of 74, 67 and 60 %, respectively. ESBL-producing isolates showed a high rate of resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin and aztreonam. The better options for the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are amikacin and Imipenem. CONCLUSION The magnitude of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia is alarmingly high and represents a threat to human health. Hence, a coordinated effort needs to be implemented for the prevention and control of these Enterobacteriaceae .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuma Diriba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Awulachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Aschelew Gemede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Anja
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Mohamed ES, Khairy RMM, Abdelrahim SS. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL and AmpC β -lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from UTIs in Egypt. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:198. [PMID: 33303028 PMCID: PMC7727156 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae are mainly treated with the β-lactam antibiotics, nevertheless, the emergence of species with plasmid-borne β-lactamases has decreased the efficacy of these antibiotics. Therefore, continuing studies on the resistance pattern of different regions is important for assessment of proper antimicrobial therapy protocols. The study aimed to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β -lactamase (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from community-acquired UTIs in Egypt. METHODS Out of 705 urine samples, 440 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were investigated to detect ESBL and AmpC β -lactamases producers by phenotypic and molecular methods. RESULTS Out of 440 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 311 were identified as ESBL producers by phenotypic testing. ESBL genes were detected in 308 isolates. BlaCTX-M-type was the most prevalent 254 (81.6%), out of them blaCTXM-15 was the commonest (152, 48.8%) followed by blaCTX-M-1 (140, 45%), blaCTX-M-8 (72, 23.1%) and lastly blaCTX-M-2 (4, 1.3%). blaTEM gene also was detected in a high rate (189, 60.7%). Two hundred and thirty-five (75.5%) of ESBL producers harbored blaCTX-M in combination with blaTEM and/or blaSHV genes. Multiple drug resistance in the ESBL-producers was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in non-ESBL producers. Imipenem was the most effective drug against ESBL producers. Among 35 cefoxitin resistant isolates, 18 (51.4%) identified as carrying AmpC genes by multiplex PCR. Within AmpC β -lactamase genes, DHA gene was the predominant gene (15, 42.3%). CIT and MOX genes were also present, but in a low rate (5, 14.2% and 4, 11.4%) respectively. Co-existence of multiple AmpC genes was detected exclusively in K. pneumoniae isolates. E. coli isolates harbored DHA gene only. However, FOX gene was not detected in the study isolates. Seventeen of isolates carrying AmpC genes were also positive for ESBL genes. CONCLUSION The study shows that the prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae spread in south Egypt is alarming, however AmpC β -lactamase production is not so high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtisam S Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M M Khairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Soha S Abdelrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Duru C, Olanipekun G, Odili V, Kocmich N, Rezac A, Ajose TO, Medugu N, Umoru D, Onuchukwu C, Munir H, Jibir BW, Farouk Z, Gambo S, Hassan-Hanga F, Olaosebikan R, Ebruke B, Esimone C, Obaro S. Molecular characterization of invasive Enterobacteriaceae from pediatric patients in Central and Northwestern Nigeria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230037. [PMID: 33104733 PMCID: PMC7588054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality in developing countries, however, etiologic evaluation is infrequent and empiric antibiotic use not evidence-based. Here, we evaluated the patterns of ESBL resistance in children enrolled into a surveillance study for community acquired bacteremic syndromes across health facilities in Central and Northwestern Nigeria. Method Blood culture was performed for children aged less than 5 years suspected of having sepsis from Sept 2008-Dec 2016. Blood was incubated using the BACTEC00AE system and Enterobacteriacea identified to the species level using Analytical Profile Index (API20E®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined by the disc diffusion method. Real time PCR was used to characterize genes responsible for ESBL production. Result Of 21,000 children screened from Sept 2008-Dec 2016, 2,625(12.5%) were culture-positive. A total of 413 Enterobacteriaceae available for analysis were screened for ESBL. ESBL production was detected in 160 Enterobacteriaceae, high resistance rates were observed among ESBL-positive isolates for Ceftriaxone (92.3%), Aztreonam (96.8%), Cefpodoxime (96.3%), Cefotaxime (98.8%) and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (90%), while 87.5%, 90.7%, and 91.9% of the isolates were susceptible to Imipenem, Amikacin and Meropenem respectively. Frequently detected resistance genes were blaTEM—83.8% (134/160), and, blaCTX-M 83.1% (133/160) followed by blaSHVgenes 66.3% (106/160). Co-existence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was seen in 94/160 (58.8%), blaCTX-M and blaTEM in 118/160 (73.8%), blaTEM and blaSHV in 97/160 (60.6%) and blaCTX-M and blaSHV in 100/160 (62.5%) of isolates tested. Conclusion Our results indicate a high prevalence of bacteremia from ESBL Enterobacteriaceae in this population of children. These are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and careful choice of antibiotic treatment options is critical. Further studies to evaluate transmission dynamics of resistance genes could help in the reduction of ESBL resistance in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Duru
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (CD); (SO)
| | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Vivian Odili
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Kocmich
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Amy Rezac
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Theresa O. Ajose
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nubwa Medugu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, National Hospital Abuja, International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Huda Munir
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Safiya Gambo
- Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Rasaq Olaosebikan
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Ebruke
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen Obaro
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CD); (SO)
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Diriba K, Awulachew E, Tekele L, Ashuro Z. Fecal Carriage Rate of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Among Apparently Health Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3791-3800. [PMID: 33122924 PMCID: PMC7590998 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s269425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers is a public health concern and has become a serious world threat. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolated from the stool of food handlers in the Dilla University Student Cafeteria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to September 2018/2019. A total of 220 stool samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and a series of biochemical tests were performed for the identification of bacterial species. Double-disk synergy method was used for the detection of ESBL-producing strains. RESULTS The rate of fecal carriage of E. coli and K. pneumoniae among the food handlers of the current study was 66.4%, of which 81.5% was E. coli, while 18.5% was K. pneumoniae. Of the total bacterial isolates, 25.3% were confirmed to be positive for ESBL production, of which 19.9% was E. coli, while 5.5% was K. pneumoniae. ESBL-producing fecal carriage showed high resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime, with resistance rates ranging from 88% to 100%, while the lowest resistance rate was observed against imipenem accounted <26.3%. In this study, 91.9% of ESBL-producers were co-resistant to β-lactams antibiotics plus at least one of the non-β-lactam antibiotics. ESBL carriers were more common among food handlers who used antibiotics repeatedly, drunk unpasteurized milk, and ate raw meat. CONCLUSION The magnitude of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae fecal carriage is alarmingly high and a threat to human health. MDR to third-generation cephalosporins and non-β-lactam antibiotics is more common among ESBL producers. Detecting ESBL-producing organisms has a remarkable importance in clinical decision-making. Hence, a coordinated effort should be implemented for the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuma Diriba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Awulachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Tekele
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Zemachu Ashuro
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Ouchar Mahamat O, Kempf M, Lounnas M, Tidjani A, Hide M, Benavides JA, Carrière C, Bañuls AL, Jean-Pierre H, Ouedraogo AS, Dumont Y, Godreuil S. Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals and the environment in West and Central Africa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 57:106203. [PMID: 33075511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the 'One Health' approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards. Among the 1201 articles retrieved, we selected 165 studies (West Africa, 118; Central Africa, 47) with data from 22 of the 26 West and Central Africa countries. Regarding the settings, 136 articles focused only on humans (carriage and/or infection), 6 articles on humans and animals, 13 on animals, 1 on humans and the environment, 8 on the environment and 1 on humans, animals and environments. ESBL-E prevalence ranged from 11-72% in humans and 7-79% in aquatic environments (wastewater). In animals, ESBL-E prevalence hugely varied: 0% in cattle, 11-36% in chickens, 20% in rats, 21-71% in pigs and 32-75% in dogs. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the predominant ESBL-encoding gene and was associated with plasmids of incompatibility groups F, H, K, Y, N, I1 and R. CPE were studied only in humans. Class B metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) and class D oxacillinases (OXA-48 and OXA-181) were the most common carbapenemases. Our results show major knowledge gaps, particularly on ESBL and CPE in animals and the environment, that might limit antimicrobial resistance management in these regions. The results also emphasise the urgent need to improve active surveillance programmes in each country and to support antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Ouchar Mahamat
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Service de laboratoire, Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, N'Djaména, Chad.
| | - Marie Kempf
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France, and Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Manon Lounnas
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mallorie Hide
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Carrière
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboraoire Mixte International, DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Jean-Pierre
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yann Dumont
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboraoire Mixte International, DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Dembélé R, Konaté A, Traoré O, Kaboré WAD, Soulama I, Kagambèga A, Traoré AS, Guessennd NK, Aidara-Kane A, Gassama-Sow A, Barro N. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea, Burkina Faso. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:459. [PMID: 33010801 PMCID: PMC7532561 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide. This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain Enterobacterioceae species. However, the distribution of these genes is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of the resistant genes coding for broad spectrum beta-lactamases and quinolones in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS Multiplex PCR assays were carried out to detect ESBL-encoding genes, including blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV. The assays also assessed the presence of quinolone resistance gene namely qnrA, qnrB and qnrS in the quinolone-resistance DEC and Salmonella strains. RESULTS The Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) resistance phenotype was reported in all the E. coli isolates (5/5). Cross-resistance phenotype to quinolones (CRQ) was shown by one Salmonella strain (1/9) and three E. coli (3/5). Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one Salmonella (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two E. coli strains (2/5). Whilst the blaOXA genes were detected in 100% (5/5) of E. coli isolates and in 33.33% (3/9) Salmonella isolates. One strain of E. coli (1/5) harbored the blaCTX-M gene and the qnrB gene simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS This study identified β-lactam (bla) and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in rural Burkina Faso. Our finding which highlighted the enterobacteriaceae strains resistance to β-lactams and quinolones are of high interest for adequate management of antimicrobial resistant genes outbreak in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Dembélé
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies, University of Dedougou, BP 176, Dedougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Ali Konaté
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumar Traoré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies, University of Dedougou, BP 176, Dedougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Wendpoulomdé A D Kaboré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- National Centre for Research and Training on Malaria, 01, BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Institute of Sciences, 01, BP 1757, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Nathalie K Guessennd
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Unit of Antibiotics, Natural Substances and Surveillance of Resistance of Microorganisms to Antimicrobials, Pasteur Institute of Abidjan, 01, BP 490, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Unit of Training and Research of Medical Sciences, University Felix Houphouet BOIGNY, 01, BP V34, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
| | - Awa Aidara-Kane
- Unit of Experimental Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amy Gassama-Sow
- Unit of Experimental Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food, Centre for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Moirongo RM, Lorenz E, Ntinginya NE, Dekker D, Fernandes J, Held J, Lamshöft M, Schaumburg F, Mangu C, Sudi L, Sie A, Souares A, Heinrich N, Wieser A, Mordmüller B, Owusu-Dabo E, Adegnika AA, Coulibaly B, May J, Eibach D. Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Febrile Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:567235. [PMID: 33101240 PMCID: PMC7546812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.567235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) thwarts the curative power of drugs and is a present-time global problem. We present data on antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants of bacteria the WHO has highlighted as being key antimicrobial resistance concerns in Africa, to strengthen knowledge of AMR patterns in the region. Methods Blood, stool, and urine specimens of febrile patients, aged between ≥ 30 days and ≤ 15 years and hospitalized in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, and Tanzania were cultured from November 2013 to March 2017 (Patients > 15 years were included in Tanzania). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus aureus isolates using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed by double-disk diffusion test and the detection of blaCTX–M, blaTEM and blaSHV. Multilocus sequence typing was conducted for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica and S. aureus. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica were screened for plasmid-mediated resistance genes and mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. S. aureus isolates were tested for the presence of mecA and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and further genotyped by spa typing. Results Among 4,052 specimens from 3,012 patients, 219 cultures were positive of which 88.1% (n = 193) were Enterobacterales and 7.3% (n = 16) S. aureus. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (all CTX-M15 genotype) was 45.2% (14/31; 95% CI: 27.3, 64.0) in Burkina Faso, 25.8% (8/31; 95% CI: 11.9, 44.6) in Gabon, 15.1% (18/119; 95% CI: 9.2, 22.8) in Ghana and 0.0% (0/12; 95% CI: 0.0, 26.5) in Tanzania. ESBL positive non-typhoid Salmonella (n = 3) were detected in Burkina Faso only and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 2) were detected in Ghana only. While sequence type (ST)131 predominated among ESBL E. coli (39.1%;9/23), STs among ESBL K. pneumoniae were highly heterogenous. Ciprofloxacin resistant nt Salmonella were commonest in Burkina Faso (50.0%; 6/12) and all harbored qnrB genes. PVL were found in 81.3% S. aureus. Conclusion Our findings reveal a distinct susceptibility pattern across the various study regions in Africa, with notably high rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and ciprofloxacin-resistant nt Salmonella in Burkina Faso. This highlights the need for local AMR surveillance and reporting of resistances to support appropriate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehema Moraa Moirongo
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lorenz
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nyanda E Ntinginya
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Denise Dekker
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany
| | - José Fernandes
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maike Lamshöft
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Chacha Mangu
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Lwitiho Sudi
- National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Ali Sie
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Aurelia Souares
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Heinrich
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Max Von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), African Partner Institution, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akim Ayola Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), African Partner Institution, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Jürgen May
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, Germany
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Tanko N, Bolaji RO, Olayinka AT, Olayinka BO. A systematic review on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Nigeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:488-496. [PMID: 32348900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are numerous reported cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria. Yet, there are regions in Nigeria where cases of ESBL were under-reported. The review aims to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Nigeria and the genes involved. METHODS An extensive literature search was carried out through an electronic database including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles published between January 2004 and November 2019 were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were reviewed, and then the full texts of the selected articles were reviewed. Articles were divided according to geopolitical zones. RESULTS Among the 217 articles identified, 60 studies (10 from north-central, 4 from northeast, 7 from the northwest, 17 from the southeast, 10 from south-south, and 12 from southwest Nigeria) were included. The highest prevalence recorded was 82.3%, while the lowest was 7.5%. The genes TEM, SHV, and CTX-M were the predominant variant commonly found. The most frequently used phenotypic detection method is the double disc synergy test (DDST). CONCLUSION ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria in hospital and community settings in Nigeria were commonly found. The prevalence of ESBL is very high, with one of the geopolitical zones under-reported. Future research should be conducted in these zones where there are scant studies, and a holistic approach involving the clinicians, researchers, laboratory scientists, and patients will go a long way in reducing the dissemination of this resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhu Tanko
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Rebecca Olajumoke Bolaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Dirar M, Bilal N, Ibrahim ME, Hamid M. Resistance Patterns and Phenotypic Detection of β-lactamase Enzymes among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Referral Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Cureus 2020; 12:e7260. [PMID: 32195070 PMCID: PMC7075475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-lactamase enzymes-producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged in many hospital settings resulting in poor treatment outcomes. We aimed to determine resistant patterns of Beta-lactamase enzymes among Enterobacteriaceae collected from referral hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods A total of 168 Enterobacteriaceae recovered from clinical samples of patients during May 2014 to February 2015. Identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates were performed as per standard methods. Double-disk synergy test was applied to determine the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. AmpC beta-lactamases and carbapenemase were screened using AmpC disk test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. Results ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae represented 45.2%, with a higher rate among K. pneumoniae. AmpC beta-lactamase detected as 49.3%, with peak levels among Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (83.3%) and Enterobacter cloacae (75%). Carbapenemase production was found among 74.5% of isolates, with high rates among A. baumannii (89%) and K. pneumoniae (78%). Overall Enterobacteriaceae, highest resistance rates were found in penicillins and cephalosporins agents. Amikacin and imipenem revealed good activities against most of the isolates, except for A. baumannii (66.7% and 75%, respectively). E. coli yielded high resistance rates for amoxicillin (98.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.8%), cefotaxime (93.8%), and ciprofloxacin (76.5%). Moderate resistance rates were observed among K. pneumoniae for ciprofloxacin (61.5%), nitrofurantoin (57.7%) and cefoxitin (40.4%). Conclusions ESBL, AmpC beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging and may contribute to increasing antimicrobial resistance in Sudan. Phenotypic screening of such enzymes is rapid and straightforward and should be simultaneously done and carried out routinely in our hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Dirar
- Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Naser Bilal
- Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Mutasim E Ibrahim
- Basic Medical Sciences (Microbiology Unit), University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Mohamed Hamid
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Dantas Palmeira J, Ferreira HMN. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle production - a threat around the world. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03206. [PMID: 32042963 PMCID: PMC7002838 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food producing animal is a global challenge in terms of antimicrobial resistance spread. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are relevant opportunistic pathogens that may spread in many ecological niches of the One Health approach as human, animal and environment due to intestinal selection of antimicrobial resistant commensals in food production animals. Cattle production is a relevant ecological niche for selection of commensal bacteria with antimicrobial resistance from microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae show importance in terms of circulation of resistant-bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes via food chain creating a resistance reservoir, setting up a threat for colonization of humans and consequent health risk. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a threat in terms of human health responsible for life threatening outbreaks and silent enteric colonization of community populations namely the elder population. Food associated colonization is a risk difficult to handle and control. In a time of globalization of food trading, population intestinal colonization is a mirror of food production and in that sense this work aims to make a picture of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animal production for food over the world in order to make some light in this reality of selection of resistant threats in food producing animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
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Multi-Antibiotic Resistance and Factors Affecting Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Pediatric Population of Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7110104. [PMID: 31744239 PMCID: PMC6915503 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms have become a serious challenge in healthcare delivery globally. The prevalence of ESBL carriage in healthy and sick children in Enugu, Nigeria, was bacteriologically investigated in this study. Four hundred and twenty-two biological samples (mid-stream urine and feces) were bacteriologically analyzed. The isolates were screened for ESBL production using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. The suspected ESBL producers were confirmed using double disc synergy test method. Out of the 162 isolates screened, 32 (19.8%) were confirmed as ESBL positive, with a prevalence of 25.32% among sick children in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, Enugu and 13.89% in apparently healthy children in a community setting. Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 34.6% and 28.6%, respectively; Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. were 18.2% and 16.7%, respectively. The ESBL positive isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), tetracycline (100%), kanamycin (96.9%), nitrofurantoin (84.4%), ciprofloxacin (68.6%), and chloramphenicol (62.5%) but susceptible to meropenem (100%), colistin (56.3%), and gentamicin (50%). Klebsiella spp. had the highest ESBL occurrence among sick children while E. coli had the highest ESBL occurrence among healthy children in Enugu. All ESBL-positive isolates were multiply resistant to conventional antibiotics. The emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community environments highlight the possibility for an infection outbreak if not checked.
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Beyene D, Bitew A, Fantew S, Mihret A, Evans M. Multidrug-resistant profile and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase production in fermentative Gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients and specimens referred to National Reference Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222911. [PMID: 31553773 PMCID: PMC6760794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and carbapenemase in members of fermentative gram-negative bacilli are a serious threat to public health. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the burden of multi-drug resistance, the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and carbapenemase in fermentative Gram-negative bacilli in Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2017 to June 2018. Different clinical samples were collected, inoculated, and incubated according to standard protocols related to each sample. Bacterial identification was performed by using the VITEKR 2 compact system using the GNR card. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Production of ESBL and carbapenemase were confirmed by combination disc and modified Hodge Test method respectively. Results A total of 238 fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were recovered during the study period, among which E.coli were the predominant isolates followed by K. pneumoniae. The highest percentage of antibiotic resistance was noted against ampicillin (100%) followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (81.9%). The isolates showed better sensitivity towards carbapenem drugs. Out of 238 isolates, 94.5% were MDR and of which 8.8% and 0.8% were extensively and pan drug resistant, respectively. Nearly 67% and 2% of isolates were producers of ESBL and carbapenemase, respectively. The isolation rates of MDR, ESBL, and carbapenemase producing stains of the isolates were ≥70% in intensive care unit while the isolation rates in other wards were ≤25%. Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the burden of MDR and ESBL was high and carbapenemase producing isolates were also identified which is concerning. This situation warrants a consistent surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and implementation of an efficient infection control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degefu Beyene
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Research Case Team, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Adane Bitew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Surafel Fantew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Research Case Team, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amete Mihret
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Research Case Team, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martin Evans
- American Society for Microbiology, New York, New York, United States of America
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Ballot DE, Bandini R, Nana T, Bosman N, Thomas T, Davies VA, Cooper PA, Mer M, Lipman J. A review of -multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal unit in Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:320. [PMID: 31493789 PMCID: PMC6731552 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistant organisms are an increasingly important cause of neonatal sepsis. Aim This study aimed to review neonatal sepsis caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) in neonates in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods This was a cross sectional retrospective review of MDRE in neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. Results There were 465 infections in 291 neonates. 68.6% were very low birth weight (< 1500 g). The median age of infection was 14.0 days. Risk factors for MDRE included prematurity (p = 0.01), lower birth weight (p = 0.04), maternal HIV infection (p = 0.02) and oxygen on day 28 (p < 0.001). The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (66.2%). Total MDRE isolates increased from 0.39 per 1000 neonatal admissions in 2013 to 1.4 per 1000 neonatal admissions in 2015 (p < 0.001). There was an increase in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from 2.6% in 2013 to 8.9% in 2015 (p = 0.06). Most of the CRE were New Delhi metallo—β lactamase- (NDM) producers. The all-cause mortality rate was 33.3%. Birth weight (p = 0.003), necrotising enterocolitis (p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with mortality. Serratia marcescens was isolated in 55.2% of neonates that died. Conclusions There was a significant increase in MDRE in neonatal sepsis during the study period, with the emergence of CRE. This confirms the urgent need to intensify antimicrobial stewardship efforts and address infection control and prevention in neonatal units in LMICs. Overuse of broad- spectrum antibiotics should be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daynia E Ballot
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Infection control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.
| | - Rosella Bandini
- Critical Care Infection Collaboration, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Trusha Nana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Noma Bosman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Teena Thomas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Services and University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Victor A Davies
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter A Cooper
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Infection control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.,Department of Critical Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Infection control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Geographical Distribution of β-Lactam Resistance among Klebsiella spp. from Selected Health Facilities in Ghana. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4030117. [PMID: 31484298 PMCID: PMC6789473 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam-resistant Klebsiella isolates continue to cause multidrug resistance infections worldwide. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), and carbapenemase production among 139 Klebsiella isolates recovered from patients at major referral health facilities in Ghana. The phenotypic methods of combined disc diffusion test, modified three-dimensional test, modified Hodge test (MHT), and combined disc test were performed for each isolate to detect ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers, respectively. Except for MBL, all other β-lactam resistance mechanisms were highest in the healthcare facilities situated in the northern belt of Ghana. Significant regional difference of ESBL producers was observed between the northern and middle belts as well as the northern and southern belts. Genotypic detection with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of bla TEM 36/139 (25.9%), bla SHV 40/139 (28.8%), bla CTX-M 37/139 (26.6%), bla OXA-48 3/139 (2.16%), and bla NDM 1/139 (0.72%) genotypes. In conclusion, there were variations in β-lactam resistance among Klebsiella spp. from health facilities situated in the northern, middle, and southern belts of Ghana. The study provides preliminary evidence that emphasizes the need to direct more attention to antimicrobial resistance control, especially in the northern belt of Ghana. Findings from this study may be critical for creating and fine-tuning effective antimicrobial resistance control strategies and for informing accurate antibiotic prescription by practitioners.
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50
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Ouchar Mahamat O, Lounnas M, Hide M, Dumont Y, Tidjani A, Kamougam K, Abderrahmane M, Benavides J, Solassol J, Bañuls AL, Jean-Pierre H, Carrière C, Godreuil S. High prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in Chadian hospitals. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:205. [PMID: 30819135 PMCID: PMC6396450 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) represent a major problem in the management of nosocomial infections. However, ESBL-PE are not systematically monitored in African countries. The aim of this study was to determine ESBL-PE prevalence in patients from three hospitals in N’Djamena, the capital city of Chad, and to characterize the genetic origin of the observed resistance. Methods From January to March 2017, 313 non-duplicate isolates were recovered from various clinical specimens obtained from 1713 patients in the three main hospitals of N’Djamena. Bacterial species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to 28 antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar, and ESBL production was confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. The most prevalent ESBL genes associated with the observed resistance were detected using multiplex PCR followed by double-stranded DNA sequencing. Results Among the 313 isolates, 197 belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The overall ESBL-PE prevalence was 47.72% (n = 94/197), with a higher rate among inpatients compared with outpatients (54.13% vs. 34.37%). ESBL-PE prevalence was highest in older patients (≥60 years of age). E. coli was the most common ESBL-producer organism (63.8%), followed by K. pneumoniae (21.2%). ESBL-PE were mainly found in urine samples (75%). The CTX-M-1 group was dominant (96.7% of the 94 ESBL-PE isolates, CTX-M-15 enzyme), followed by the CTX-M-9 group (4.1%). 86% of resistant isolates harbored more than one ESBL-encoding gene. ESBL production was also associated with the highest levels of resistance to non-β-lactam drugs. Conclusions The prevalence of ESBL-PE harboring resistant genes encoding ESBLs of the CTX-M-1 group was high (48%) among clinical isolates of three main hospitals in Chad, suggesting an alarming spread of ESBL-PE among patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3838-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Ouchar Mahamat
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratory of Bacteriology CHU, Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,Service de laboratoire, Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, N'Djaména, Chad.
| | - Manon Lounnas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratory of Bacteriology CHU, Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mallorie Hide
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratory of Bacteriology CHU, Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Yann Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Kadidja Kamougam
- Service de laboratoire, Hôpital Général des Références Nationale, N'Djaména, Chad
| | | | - Julio Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jérôme Solassol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Département Bio-pathologie cellulaire et tissulaire des tumeurs, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratory of Bacteriology CHU, Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Laboraoire Mixte International DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Jean-Pierre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Carrière
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratory of Bacteriology CHU, Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Laboraoire Mixte International DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
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