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Miki T, Ito M, Okada N, Haneda T. The CpxRA two-component system of adherent and invasive Escherichia coli contributes to epithelial cell invasion and early-stage intestinal fitness in a dysbiotic mouse model mediated by type 1 fimbriae expression. Infect Immun 2024:e0013224. [PMID: 38700334 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00132-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adherent and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is a pathobiont that is involved in the onset and exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Although the inducible expression of virulence traits is a critical step for AIEC colonization in the host, the mechanism underlying AIEC colonization remains largely unclear. We here showed that the two-component signal transduction system CpxRA contributes to AIEC gut competitive colonization by activating type 1 fimbriae expression. CpxRA from AIEC strain LF82 functioned as a transcriptional regulator, as evidenced by our finding that an isogenic cpxRA mutant exhibits reduced expression of cpxP, a known regulon gene. Transcription levels of cpxP in LF82 increased in response to envelope stress, such as exposure to antimicrobials compromising the bacterial membrane, whereas the cpxRA mutant did not exhibit this response. Furthermore, we found that the cpxRA mutant exhibits less invasiveness into host cells than LF82, primarily due to reduced expression of the type 1 fimbriae. Finally, we found that the cpxRA mutant is impaired in gut competitive colonization in a mouse model. The colonization defects were reversed by the introduction of a plasmid encoding the cpxRA gene or expressing the type 1 fimbriae. Our findings indicate that modulating CpxRA activity could be a promising approach to regulating AIEC-involved Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Miki T, Haneda T, Okada N, Ito M. Possible link between colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by Citrobacter rodentium in C57BL/6 mice and microbiota composition. Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38644589 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Colonization resistance, conferred by the host's microbiota through both direct and indirect protective actions, serves to protect the host from enteric infections. Here, we identified the specific members of the gut microbiota that impact gastrointestinal colonization by Citrobacter rodentium, a murine pathogen causing colonic crypt hyperplasia. The gut colonization levels of C. rodentium in C57BL/6 mice varied among breeding facilities, probably due to differences in microbiota composition. A comprehensive analysis of the microbiota revealed that specific members of the microbiota may influence gut colonization by C. rodentium, thus providing a potential link between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Jiménez-Rojas V, Villanueva-García D, Miranda-Vega AL, Aldana-Vergara R, Aguilar-Rodea P, López-Marceliano B, Reyes-López A, Alcántar-Curiel MD. Gut colonization and subsequent infection of neonates caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322874. [PMID: 38314094 PMCID: PMC10834783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbors diverse bacteria considered reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes. The global emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We investigated the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEco) and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-PKpn) in neonatal patients' guts. Furthermore, we identified the factors contributing to the transition towards ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The study was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020, in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rectal samples were obtained upon admission, on a weekly basis for a month, and then biweekly until discharge from the neonatology ward. Clinical data, culture results, and infection information were gathered. We conducted antimicrobial tests, multiplex PCR assay, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relationships. A comparison between the group's controls and cases was performed using the Wilcoxon and Student t-tests. Of the 61 patients enrolled, 47 were included, and 203 rectal samples were collected, identifying 242 isolates. In 41/47 (87%) patients, colonization was due to ESBL-PEco or ESBL-PKpn. And nine of them developed HAIs (22%, 9/41). ESBL-PEco resistance to cephalosporins ranged from 25.4% to 100%, while ESBL-PKpn resistance varied from 3% to 99%, and both bacteria were susceptible to carbapenems, tigecillin, and colistin. The prevalent bla CTX-M-group-1 gene accounted for 77.2% in ESBL-PEco and 82.2% in ESBL-PKpn, followed by bla TEM 50% and bla OXA-1 43.8% in ESBL-PEco and bla TEM 80.2% and bla SHV 76.2% in ESBL-PKpn. Analysis of clonality revealed identical colonizing and infection isolates in only seven patients. Significant risk factors included hospital stay duration, duration of antibiotic treatment, and invasive device usage. Our findings suggest high ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn rates of colonization often lead to infection in neonates. Attention should be paid to patients with ESBL-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jiménez-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vega
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rubén Aldana-Vergara
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz López-Marceliano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínica. Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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4
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Román E, Prieto D, Hidalgo-Vico S, Alonso-Monge R, Pla J. The defective gut colonization of Candida albicans hog1 MAPK mutants is restored by overexpressing the transcriptional regulator of the white opaque transition WOR1. Virulence 2023; 14:2174294. [PMID: 36760104 PMCID: PMC9928469 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2174294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional master regulator of the white opaque transition of Candida albicans WOR1 is important for the adaptation to the commensal lifestyle in the mammalian gut, a major source of invasive candidiasis. We have generated cells that overproduce Wor1 in mutants defective in the Hog1 MAP kinase, defective in several stress responses and unable to colonize the mice gut. WOR1 overexpression allows hog1 to be established as a commensal in the murine gut in a commensalism model and even compete with wild-type C. albicans cells for establishment. This increased fitness correlates with an enhanced ability to adhere to biotic surfaces as well as increased proteinase and phospholipase production and a decrease in filamentation in vitro. We also show that hog1 WOR1OE are avirulent in a systemic candidiasis model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Román
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Elvira Román
| | - Daniel Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Hidalgo-Vico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Monge
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Jesús Pla Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Jiang Y, Gao H, Wang L, Hu W, Wang G, Wang S. Quorum sensing-activated phenylalanine metabolism drives OMV biogenesis to enhance mosquito commensal colonization resistance to Plasmodium. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1655-1667.e6. [PMID: 37738984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its symbiotic relationship with the host are crucial for preventing pathogen infection. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive commensal colonization. Serratia bacteria, commonly found in Anopheles mosquitoes, potentially mediate mosquito resistance to Plasmodium. Using S. ureilytica Su_YN1 as a model, we show that a quorum sensing (QS) circuit is crucial for stable colonization. After blood ingestion, the QS synthase SueI generates the signaling molecule N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). Once C6-HSL binds to the QS receptor SueR, repression of the phenylalanine-to-acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) conversion pathway is lifted. This pathway regulates outer membrane vesicle (OMV) biogenesis and promotes Serratia biofilm-like aggregate formation, facilitating gut adaptation and colonization. Notably, exposing Serratia Su_YN1-carrying Anopheles mosquitoes to C6-HSL increases Serratia gut colonization and enhances Plasmodium transmission-blocking efficacy. These findings provide insights into OMV biogenesis and commensal gut colonization and identify a powerful strategy for enhancing commensal resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guandong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Martínez-Oca P, Alba C, Sánchez-Roncero A, Fernández-Marcelo T, Martín MÁ, Escrivá F, Rodríguez JM, Álvarez C, Fernández-Millán E. Maternal Diet Determines Milk Microbiome Composition and Offspring Gut Colonization in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4322. [PMID: 37892398 PMCID: PMC10609248 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother's milk contains a unique microbiome that plays a relevant role in offspring health. We hypothesize that maternal malnutrition during lactation might impact the microbial composition of milk and affect adequate offspring gut colonization, increasing the risk for later onset diseases. Then, Wistar rats were fed ad libitum (Control, C) food restriction (Undernourished, U) during gestation and lactation. After birth, offspring feces and milk stomach content were collected at lactating day (L)4, L14 and L18. The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize bacterial communities. An analysis of beta diversity revealed significant disparities in microbial composition between groups of diet at L4 and L18 in both milk, and fecal samples. In total, 24 phyla were identified in milk and 18 were identified in feces, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteroidota and Bacteroidota collectively representing 96.1% and 97.4% of those identified, respectively. A higher abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Porphyromonas at L4, and of Gemella and Enterococcus at L18 were registered in milk samples from the U group. Lactobacillus was also significantly more abundant in fecal samples of the U group at L4. These microbial changes compromised the number and variety of milk-feces or feces-feces bacterial correlations. Moreover, increased offspring gut permeability and an altered expression of goblet cell markers TFF3 and KLF3 were observed in U pups. Our results suggest that altered microbial communication between mother and offspring through breastfeeding may explain, in part, the detrimental consequences of maternal malnutrition on offspring programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez-Oca
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Campus de Excelencia Científica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Roncero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
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7
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Kennedy MS, Zhang M, DeLeon O, Bissell J, Trigodet F, Lolans K, Temelkova S, Carroll KT, Fiebig A, Deutschbauer A, Sidebottom AM, Lake J, Henry C, Rice PA, Bergelson J, Chang EB. Dynamic genetic adaptation of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron during murine gut colonization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113009. [PMID: 37598339 PMCID: PMC10528517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how a bacterium ultimately succeeds or fails in adapting to a new host, it is essential to assess the temporal dynamics of its fitness over the course of colonization. Here, we introduce a human-derived commensal organism, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), into the guts of germ-free mice to determine whether and how the genetic requirements for colonization shift over time. Combining a high-throughput functional genetics assay and transcriptomics, we find that gene usage changes drastically during the first days of colonization, shifting from high expression of amino acid biosynthesis genes to broad upregulation of diverse polysaccharide utilization loci. Within the first week, metabolism becomes centered around utilization of a predominant dietary oligosaccharide, and these changes are largely sustained through 6 weeks of colonization. Spontaneous mutations in wild-type Bt also evolve around this locus. These findings highlight the importance of considering temporal colonization dynamics in developing more effective microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Kennedy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manjing Zhang
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orlando DeLeon
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacie Bissell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Trigodet
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen Lolans
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Temelkova
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Adam Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley M Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joash Lake
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chris Henry
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Phoebe A Rice
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joy Bergelson
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Gül E, Abi Younes A, Huuskonen J, Diawara C, Nguyen BD, Maurer L, Bakkeren E, Hardt WD. Differences in carbon metabolic capacity fuel co-existence and plasmid transfer between Salmonella strains in the mouse gut. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1140-1153.e3. [PMID: 37348498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance plasmids can be disseminated between different Enterobacteriaceae in the gut. Here, we investigate how closely related Enterobacteriaceae populations with similar nutrient needs can co-bloom in the same gut and thereby facilitate plasmid transfer. Using different strains of Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm SL1344 and ATCC14028) and mouse models of Salmonellosis, we show that the bloom of one strain (i.e., recipient) from very low numbers in a gut pre-occupied by the other strain (i.e., donor) depends on strain-specific utilization of a distinct carbon source, galactitol or arabinose. Galactitol-dependent growth of the recipient S.Tm strain promotes plasmid transfer between non-isogenic strains and between E. coli and S.Tm. In mice stably colonized by a defined microbiota (OligoMM12), galactitol supplementation similarly facilitates co-existence of two S.Tm strains and promotes plasmid transfer. Our work reveals a metabolic strategy used by Enterobacteriaceae to expand in a pre-occupied gut and provides promising therapeutic targets for resistance plasmids spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gül
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Abi Younes
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jemina Huuskonen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheickna Diawara
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bidong D Nguyen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Maurer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bakkeren
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Schmidt K, Santos-Matos G, Leopold-Messer S, El Chazli Y, Emery O, Steiner T, Piel J, Engel P. Integration host factor regulates colonization factors in the bee gut symbiont Frischella perrara. eLife 2023; 12:76182. [PMID: 37057993 PMCID: PMC10104596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria colonize specific niches in the animal gut. However, the genetic basis of these associations is often unclear. The proteobacterium Frischella perrara is a widely distributed gut symbiont of honey bees. It colonizes a specific niche in the hindgut and causes a characteristic melanization response. Genetic determinants required for the establishment of this association, or its relevance for the host, are unknown. Here, we independently isolated three point mutations in genes encoding the DNA-binding protein integration host factor (IHF) in F. perrara. These mutants abolished the production of an aryl polyene metabolite causing the yellow colony morphotype of F. perrara. Inoculation of microbiota-free bees with one of the mutants drastically decreased gut colonization of F. perrara. Using RNAseq, we found that IHF affects the expression of potential colonization factors, including genes for adhesion (type 4 pili), interbacterial competition (type 6 secretion systems), and secondary metabolite production (colibactin and aryl polyene biosynthesis). Gene deletions of these components revealed different colonization defects depending on the presence of other bee gut bacteria. Interestingly, one of the T6SS mutants did not induce the scab phenotype anymore despite colonizing at high levels, suggesting an unexpected role in bacteria-host interaction. IHF is conserved across many bacteria and may also regulate host colonization in other animal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schmidt
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo Santos-Matos
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Leopold-Messer
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yassine El Chazli
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Emery
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Théodora Steiner
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joern Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Engel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Calderon-Gonzalez R, Lee A, Lopez-Campos G, Hancock SJ, Sa-Pessoa J, Dumigan A, McMullan R, Campbell EL, Bengoechea JA. Modelling the Gastrointestinal Carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections. mBio 2023; 14:e0312122. [PMID: 36598189 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03121-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, making K. pneumoniae the pathogen that is associated with the second largest number of deaths attributed to any antibiotic resistant infection. K. pneumoniae colonizes the nasopharynx and the gastrointestinal tract in an asymptomatic manner without dissemination to other tissues. Importantly, gastrointestinal colonization is a requisite for infection. Our understanding of K. pneumoniae colonization is still based on interrogating mouse models in which animals are pretreated with antibiotics to disturb the colonization resistance imposed by the gut microbiome. In these models, infections disseminate to other tissues. Here, we report a murine model to allow for the study of the gastrointestinal colonization of K. pneumoniae without tissue dissemination. Hypervirulent and antibiotic resistant strains stably colonize the gastrointestinal tract of in an inbred mouse population without antibiotic treatment. The small intestine is the primary site of colonization and is followed by a transition to the colon over time, without dissemination to other tissues. Our model recapitulates the disease dynamics of the metastatic K. pneumoniae strains that are able to disseminate from the gastrointestinal tract to other sterile sites. Colonization is associated with mild to moderate histopathology, no significant inflammation, and no effect on the richness of the microbiome. Our model sums up the clinical scenario in which antibiotic treatment disturbs the colonization of K. pneumoniae and results in dissemination to other tissues. Finally, we establish that the capsule polysaccharide is necessary for the colonization of the large intestine, whereas the type VI secretion system contributes to colonization across the gastrointestinal tract. IMPORTANCE Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the pathogens that is sweeping the world in the antibiotic resistance pandemic. Klebsiella colonizes the nasopharynx and the gut of healthy subjects in an asymptomatic manner, making gut colonization a requisite for infection. This makes it essential to understand the gastrointestinal carriage in preventing Klebsiella infections. Current research models rely on the perturbation of the gut microbiome by antibiotics, resulting in an invasive infection. Here, we report a new model of K. pneumoniae gut colonization that recapitulates key features of the asymptomatic human gastrointestinal tract colonization. In our model, there is no need to disturb the microbiota to achieve stable colonization, and there is no dissemination to other tissues. Our model sums up the clinical scenario in which antibiotic treatment triggers invasive infection. We envision that our model will be an excellent platform upon which to investigate factors enhancing colonization and invasive infections and to test therapeutics to eliminate Klebsiella asymptomatic colonization.
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11
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Chagneau S, Gaucher ML, Thériault WP, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Observations supporting hypothetical commensalism and competition between two Campylobacter jejuni strains colonizing the broiler chicken gut. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1071175. [PMID: 36817113 PMCID: PMC9937062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne pathogen in humans. Given the wide genetic diversity of C. jejuni strains found in poultry production, a better understanding of the relationships between these strains within chickens could lead to better control of this pathogen on farms. In this study, 14-day old broiler chickens were inoculated with two C. jejuni strains (103 or 107 CFU of D2008b and 103 CFU of G2008b, alone or together) that were previously characterized in vitro and that showed an opposite potential to compete for gut colonization in broilers. Liver samples and ileal and cecal contents were collected and used to count total C. jejuni and to quantify the presence of each strain using a strain specific qPCR or PCR approach. Ileal tissue samples were also collected to analyze the relative expression level of tight junction proteins. While a 103 CFU inoculum of D2008b alone was not sufficient to induce intestinal colonization, this strain benefited from the G2008b colonization for its establishment in the gut and its extraintestinal spread. When the inoculum of D2008b was increased to 107 CFU - leading to its intestinal and hepatic colonization - a dominance of G2008b was measured in the gut and D2008b was found earlier in the liver for birds inoculated by both strains. In addition, a transcript level decrease of JAM2, CLDN5 and CLDN10 at 7 dpi and a transcript level increase of ZO1, JAM2, OCLN, CLDN10 were observed at 21 dpi for groups of birds having livers contaminated by C. jejuni. These discoveries suggest that C. jejuni would alter the intestinal barrier function probably to facilitate the hepatic dissemination. By in vitro co-culture assay, a growth arrest of D2008b was observed in the presence of G2008b after 48 h of culture. Based on these results, commensalism and competition seem to occur between both C. jejuni strains, and the dynamics of C. jejuni intestinal colonization and liver spread in broilers appear to be strain dependent. Further in vivo experimentations should be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of commensalism and competition between strains in order to develop adequate on-farm control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chagneau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Sophie Chagneau, ✉
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - William P. Thériault
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Chaire Agroalimentaire du Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada,Alexandre Thibodeau, ✉
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12
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Dahal RH, Choi YJ, Kim S, Kim J. Differentiation of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Ischemic Colitis and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671355 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli is much more difficult and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. Hence, in this study, we attempted to differentiate E. fergusonii and E. coli isolated from faecal samples of disease-associated Korean individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/ischemic colitis (IC) and test the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the adenylate kinase (adk) housekeeping gene from the E. coli multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all disease-associated strains in addition to healthy control isolates to 14 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution-based technique. Next, 83 isolates from 11 disease-associated faecal samples were identified as E. fergusonii using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using the adk gene from E. coli MLST scheme revealed that most of the strains (94%) were E. coli. A total of 58 resistance patterns were obtained from 83 strains of disease-associated (IBD/IC) isolates. All isolates were resistant to at least one tested antimicrobial agent, with the highest resistance against erythromycin (88.0%), ampicillin (86.7%), ciprofloxacin (73.5%), cephalothin (72.3%), gentamicin (59%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (53%), cefotaxime (49.4%), and ceftriaxone (48.2%). A total of 90.7% of isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers among the resistant strains to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone). ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and ischemic colitis (IC) were 92.3%, 82.4%, and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, adk-based phylogenetic analysis may be the most accurate method for distinguishing E. coli and E. fergusonii from Escherichia genus. We identified four loci in adk gene sequences which makes it easier to discriminate between E. coli and E. fergusonii. Additionally, we believe that gut colonization by multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli may play a significant role in IBD/IC pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Candida species are the most prevalent cause of invasive fungal infections, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Translocation across the epithelial barrier into the bloodstream by intestinal-colonizing C. albicans cells serves as the main source for systemic infections. Understanding the fungal mechanisms behind this process will give valuable insights on how to prevent such infections and keep C. albicans in the commensal state in patients with predisposing conditions. This review will focus on recent developments in characterizing fungal translocation mechanisms, compare what we know about enteric bacterial pathogens with C. albicans, and discuss the different proposed hypotheses for how C. albicans enters and disseminates through the bloodstream immediately following translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L. Sprague
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Contact: Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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14
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Kubiak JM, Hovan M, Davidson E, Douglass C, Burgos K, Walsh TJ, Westblade LF, Satlin MJ. Comparison between Perianal Swab and Stool Specimens for Detecting Colonization with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0023422. [PMID: 35695506 PMCID: PMC9297816 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00234-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stool specimens are frequently used to detect gastrointestinal tract colonization with antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria, but they cannot be rapidly collected. Perianal swab specimens can be collected more quickly and efficiently, but data evaluating their suitability as a specimen type for this purpose are sparse. We performed selective culture for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (FQRE) using paired perianal swab and stool specimens that were collected within 1 day of each other from hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with acute leukemia. Nineteen (7.6%) of 251 stool specimens yielded ESBL-E and 64 (26%) of 246 stool specimens yielded FQRE. The positive percent agreement of perianal swab specimens compared to stool specimens was 95% (18/19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 74% to 100%) for detecting ESBL-E and 95% (61/64; 95% CI, 87% to 99%) for detecting FQRE. The concordance between specimen types was 98% (95% CI, 97% to 100%). Perianal swabs are a reliable specimen type for surveillance of the gastrointestinal tract for ESBL-E and FQRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Kubiak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Hovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claire Douglass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Burgos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lars F. Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael J. Satlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Hoshino Y, Sakamoto T, Sudo N, Ito M, Haneda T, Okada N, Miki T. Fatty Acid Homeostasis Tunes Flagellar Motility by Activating Phase 2 Flagellin Expression, Contributing to Salmonella Gut Colonization. Infect Immun 2022;:e0018422. [PMID: 35652649 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00184-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain-fatty-acid (LCFA) metabolism is a fundamental cellular process in bacteria that is involved in lipid homeostasis, energy production, and infection. However, the role of LCFA metabolism in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) gut infection remains unclear. Here, using a murine gastroenteritis infection model, we demonstrate involvement of LCFA metabolism in S. Tm gut colonization. The LCFA metabolism-associated transcriptional regulator FadR contributes to S. Tm gut colonization. fadR deletion alters the gene expression profile and leads to aberrant flagellar motility of S. Tm. Colonization defects in the fadR mutant are attributable to altered swimming behavior characterized by less frequently smooth swimming, resulting from reduced expression of the phase 2 flagellin FljB. Notably, changes in lipid LCFA composition by fadR deletion lead to reduced expression of fljB, which is restored by exogenous LCFA. Therefore, LCFA homeostasis may maintain proper flagellar motility by activating fljB expression, contributing to S. Tm gut colonization. Our findings improve the understanding of the effect of luminal LCFA on the virulence of enteric pathogens.
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Abstract
Prematurity coupled with the necessary clinical management of preterm (PT) infants introduces multiple factors that can interfere with microbial colonization. This study aimed to review the perinatal, physiological, pharmacological, dietary, and environmental factors associated with gut microbiota of PT infants. A total of 587 articles were retrieved from a search of multiple databases. Sixty studies were included in the review after removing duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Review of this literature revealed that evidence converged on the effect of postnatal age, mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, and consumption of human milk in the composition of gut microbiota of PT infants. Less evidence was found for associations with race, sex, use of different fortifiers, macronutrients, and other medications. Future studies with rich metadata are needed to further explore the impact of the PT exposome on the development of the microbiota in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aguilar-Lopez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Andrew M. Dinsmoor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Thao T. B. Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA,CONTACT Sharon M. Donovan Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 339 Bevier Hall 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL61801, USA
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17
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Milic M, Siljic M, Cirkovic V, Jovicevic M, Perovic V, Markovic M, Martic J, Stanojevic M, Mijac V. Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the First Week of Life among Hospitalized Preterm Neonates in Serbia: Risk Factors and Outcomes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122613. [PMID: 34946217 PMCID: PMC8709168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the prevalence of gut colonization with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, risk factors for colonization, infection risk, and outcomes among preterm neonates hospitalized at a tertiary-care center in Serbia. During the period from December 2017 to April 2018, 103 neonates were screened for rectal carriage at admission and on the seventh day of life. Characterization of MDR strains was done by conventional microbiology and molecular methods. Out of 61 (59.2%) colonized neonates, 12 (11.6%) were found colonized at admission, while 49 (47.6%) became colonized at the study site. Among a total of 72 MDR isolates, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria prevailed (56/72, 77%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (14/72, 19%). The majority of ESBL-producing strains carried multiple genes (blaTEM/blaCTX-M-15 or blaTEM/blaSHV). Longer previous hospitalization and delivery by cesarean section were associated with MDR colonization, while mechanical ventilation was a risk factor for colonization at the study site. Infections due to MDR bacteria were more frequent among colonized than non-colonized neonates, but not significantly, and mortality was low (1%) in the studied neonates. These results indicate that hospitalized preterm neonates in Serbia are rapidly colonized with a diversity of MDR species and resistance phenotypes/genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milic
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Institute of Neonatology, Kralja Milutina 50, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marina Siljic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentina Cirkovic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milos Jovicevic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Vladimir Perovic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milos Markovic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Jelena Martic
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Radoja Dakica 6, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Vera Mijac
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.C.); (M.J.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.M.)
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18
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Reissier S, Le Neindre K, Bordeau V, Dejoies L, Le Bot A, Felden B, Cattoir V, Revest M. The Regulatory RNA ern0160 Confers a Potential Selective Advantage to Enterococcus faecium for Intestinal Colonization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757227. [PMID: 34858368 PMCID: PMC8631354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the regulatory small RNA (sRNA) Ern0160 in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) colonization by Enterococcus faecium. For this purpose, four strains of E. faecium were used, Aus0004 (WT), an ern0160-deleted Aus0004 mutant (Δ0160), a trans-complemented Δ0160 strain overexpressing ern0160 (Δ0160_0160), and a strain Δ0160 with an empty pAT29 vector (Δ0160_pAT29). Strains were studied both in vitro and in vivo, alone and in competitive assays. In in vitro experiments, no difference was observed between WT and Δ0160 strains cultured single while Δ0160_0160 strain grew more slowly than Δ0160_pAT29. In competitive assays, the WT strain was predominant compared to the deleted strain Δ0160 at the end of the experiment. Then, in vivo experiments were performed using a GIT colonization mouse model. Several existing models of GIT colonization were compared while a novel one, combining ceftriaxone and amoxicillin, was developed. A GIT colonization was performed with each strain alone, and no significant difference was noticed. By contrast, significant results were obtained with co-colonization experiments. With WT + Δ0160 suspension, a significant advantage for the WT strain was observed from day 5 to the end of the protocol, suggesting the involvement of ern0160 in GIT colonization. With Δ0160_0160 + Δ0160_pAT29 suspension, the strain with the empty vector took the advantage from day 3 to the end of the protocol, suggesting a deleterious effect of ern0160 overexpression. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the potential implication of Ern0160 in GIT colonization of E. faecium. Further investigations are needed for the identification of sRNA target(s) in order to decipher underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Killian Le Neindre
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière & CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (Laboratoire Associé 'Entérocoques'), CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Loren Dejoies
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière & CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (Laboratoire Associé 'Entérocoques'), CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Le Bot
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Brice Felden
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière & CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (Laboratoire Associé 'Entérocoques'), CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Revest
- Unité Inserm U1230, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
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Brown EM, Arellano-Santoyo H, Temple ER, Costliow ZA, Pichaud M, Hall AB, Liu K, Durney MA, Gu X, Plichta DR, Clish CA, Porter JA, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ. Gut microbiome ADP-ribosyltransferases are widespread phage-encoded fitness factors. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1351-1365.e11. [PMID: 34403684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases (ADPRTs) have been described as toxins involved in pathogenesis through the modification of host proteins. Here, we report that ADPRTs are not pathogen restricted but widely prevalent in the human gut microbiome and often associated with phage elements. We validated their biochemical activity in a large clinical isolate collection and further examined Bxa, a highly abundant ADPRT in Bacteroides. Bxa is expressed, secreted, and enzymatically active in Bacteroides and can ADP-ribosylate non-muscle myosin II proteins. Addition of Bxa to epithelial cells remodeled the actin cytoskeleton and induced secretion of inosine. Bxa-encoding B. stercoris can use inosine as a carbon source and colonizes the gut to significantly greater numbers than a bxa-deleted strain in germ-free and altered Schaedler flora (ASF) mice. Colonization correlated with increased inosine concentrations in the feces and tissues. Altogether, our results show that ADPRTs are abundant in the microbiome and act as bacterial fitness factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brown
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hugo Arellano-Santoyo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emily R Temple
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Pichaud
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Brantley Hall
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Xiebin Gu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Clary A Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Porter
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Moser AI, Kuenzli E, Campos-Madueno EI, Büdel T, Rattanavong S, Vongsouvath M, Hatz C, Endimiani A. Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains and Their Plasmids in People, Poultry, and Chicken Meat in Laos. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708182. [PMID: 34381435 PMCID: PMC8350485 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Enterobacterales are widely distributed among the healthy population of the Indochinese peninsula, including Laos. However, the local reservoir of these pathogens are currently not known and possible sources such as agricultural settings and food have rarely been analyzed. In this work, we investigated the extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESC-) and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains (CST-R-Ec) isolated from the gut of local people, feces of poultry, and from chicken meat (60 samples each group) in Laos. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis based on both short- and long-read sequencing approaches were implemented. The following prevalence of ESC-R-Ec and CST-R-Ec were recorded, respectively: local people (70 and 15%), poultry (20 and 23.3%), and chicken meat (21.7 and 13.3%). Core-genome analysis, coupled with sequence type (ST)/core-genome ST (cgST) definitions, indicated that no common AMR-Ec clones were spreading among the different settings. ESC-R-Ec mostly possessed blaCTX–M–15 and blaCTX–M–55 associated to ISEcp1 or IS26. The majority of CST-R-Ec carried mcr-1 on IncX4, IncI2, IncP1, and IncHI1 plasmids similar or identical to those described worldwide; strains with chromosomal mcr-1 or possessing plasmid-mediated mcr-3 were also found. These results indicate a high prevalence of AMR-Ec in the local population, poultry, and chicken meat. While we did not observe the same clones among the three settings, most of the blaCTX–Ms and mcr-1/-3 were associated with mobile-genetic elements, indicating that horizontal gene transfer may play an important role in the dissemination of AMR-Ec in Laos. More studies should be planned to better understand the extent and dynamics of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline I Moser
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Esther Kuenzli
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Büdel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christoph Hatz
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Nowrouzian FL, Ljung A, Hesselmar B, Nilsson S, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Bacterial Carriage of Genes Encoding Fibronectin-Binding Proteins Is Associated with Long-Term Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the Nasal and Gut Microbiota of Infants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0067121. [PMID: 34020939 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00671-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can colonize both the anterior nares and the gastrointestinal tract. However, colonization at these sites in the same individuals has not been studied, and the traits that facilitate colonization and persistence at these sites have not been compared. Samples from the nostrils and feces collected on 9 occasions from 3 days to 3 years of age in 65 infants were cultured; 54 samples yielded S. aureus. The numbers of nasal and fecal S. aureus strains increased rapidly during the first weeks and were similar at 1 month of age (>40% of infants colonized). Thereafter, nasal carriage declined, while fecal carriage remained high during the first year of life. Individual strains were identified, and their colonization patterns were related to their carriage of genes encoding adhesins and superantigenic toxins. Strains retrieved from both the nose and gut (n = 44) of an infant were 4.5 times more likely to colonize long term (≥3 weeks at both sites) than strains found only in the rectum/feces (n = 56) or only in the nose (n = 32) (P ≤ 0.001). Gut colonization was significantly associated with carriage of the fnbA gene, and long-term colonization at either site was associated with carriage of fnbA and fnbB. In summary, gut colonization by S. aureus was more common than nasal carriage by S. aureus in the studied infants. Gut strains may provide a reservoir for invasive disease in vulnerable individuals. Fibronectin-binding adhesins and other virulence factors may facilitate commensal colonization and confer pathogenic potential. IMPORTANCES. aureus may cause severe infections and frequently colonizes the nose. Nasal carriage of S. aureus increases 3-fold the risk of invasive S. aureus infection. S. aureus is also commonly found in the gut microbiota of infants and young children. However, the relationships between the adhesins and other virulence factors of S. aureus strains and its abilities to colonize the nostrils and gut of infants are not well understood. Our study explores the simultaneous colonization by S. aureus of the nasal and intestinal tracts of newborn infants through 3 years of follow-up. We identify bacterial virulence traits that appear to facilitate persistent colonization of the nose and gut by S. aureus. This expands our current knowledge of the interplay between bacterial commensalism and pathogenicity. Moreover, it may contribute to the development of targeted strategies for combating S. aureus infection.
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Xiao Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Mining genome traits that determine the different gut colonization potential of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000581. [PMID: 34100697 PMCID: PMC8461469 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of probiotics are likely to be associated with their ability to colonize the gut, little is known about the characteristics of good colonizers. In a systematic analysis of the comparative genomics, we tried to elucidate the genomic contents that account for the distinct host adaptability patterns of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. The Bifidobacterium species, with species-level phylogenetic structures affected by recombination among strains, broad mucin-foraging activity, and dietary-fibre-degrading ability, represented niche conservatism and tended to be host-adapted. The Lactobacillus species stretched across three lifestyles, namely free-living, nomadic and host-adapted, as characterized by the variations of bacterial occurrence time, guanine-cytosine (GC) content and genome size, evolution event frequency, and the presence of human-adapted bacterial genes. The numbers and activity of host-adapted factors, such as bile salt hydrolase and intestinal tissue-anchored elements, were distinctly distributed among the three lifestyles. The strains of the three lifestyles could be separated with such a collection of colonization-related genomic content (genes, genome size and GC content). Thus, our work provided valuable information for rational selection and gut engraftment prediction of probiotics. Here, we have found many interesting predictive results for bacterial gut fitness, which will be validated in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225004, PR China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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23
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Xiao Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Quantitative Detection of Bifidobacterium longum Strains in Feces Using Strain-Specific Primers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1159. [PMID: 34071208 PMCID: PMC8227663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We adopted a bioinformatics-based technique to identify strain-specific markers, which were then used to quantify the abundances of three distinct B. longum sup. longum strains in fecal samples of humans and mice. A pangenome analysis of 205 B. longum sup. longum genomes revealed the accumulation of considerable strain-specific genes within this species; specifically, 28.7% of the total identified genes were strain-specific. We identified 32, 14, and 49 genes specific to B. longum sup. longum RG4-1, B. longum sup. longum M1-20-R01-3, and B. longum sup. longum FGSZY6M4, respectively. After performing an in silico validation of these strain-specific markers using a nucleotide BLAST against both the B. longum sup. longum genome database and an NR/NT database, RG4-1_01874 (1331 bp), M1-20-R01-3_00324 (1745 bp), and FGSZY6M4_01477 (1691 bp) were chosen as target genes for strain-specific quantification. The specificities of the qPCR primers were validated against 47 non-target microorganisms and fecal baseline microbiota to ensure that they produced no PCR amplification products. The performance of the qPCR primer-based analysis was further assessed using fecal samples. After oral administration, the target B. longum strains appeared to efficiently colonize both the human and mouse guts, with average population levels of >108 CFU/g feces. The bioinformatics pipeline proposed here can be applied to the quantification of various bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research, Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road No.1800, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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24
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Rodríguez JM, Fernández L, Verhasselt V. The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:606. [PMID: 33673254 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma.
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25
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Abstract
Dietary fiber is known to influence symbiotic gut microbiota community structure and physiology; however, how and if dietary fiber can induce further exogenous nutrient uptake within gut microbes is ill-defined. Recent findings highlight how during periods of high-fiber consumption, a prevalent gut bacteria senses and scavenges the ubiquitous sugar ribose. This molecular adaptation exemplifies how particular gut microbes have developed a sophisticated system to scavenge nutrients in a diet-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanudeep Karri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,CONTACT Kendal D. Hirschi Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Gil A, Rueda R, Ozanne SE, van der Beek EM, van Loo-Bouwman C, Schoemaker M, Marinello V, Venema K, Stanton C, Schelkle B, Flourakis M, Edwards CA. Is there evidence for bacterial transfer via the placenta and any role in the colonization of the infant gut? - a systematic review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:493-507. [PMID: 32776793 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the important role of the gut microbiome in health and disease, it is crucial to understand key factors that establish the microbial community, including gut colonization during infancy. It has been suggested that the first bacterial exposure is via a placental microbiome. However, despite many publications, the robustness of the evidence for the placental microbiome and transfer of bacteria from the placenta to the infant gut is unclear and hence the concept disputed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the evidence for the role of the placental, amniotic fluid and cord blood microbiome in healthy mothers in the colonization of the infant gut. Most of the papers which were fully assessed considered placental tissue, but some studied amniotic fluid or cord blood. Great variability in methodology was observed especially regarding sample storage conditions, DNA/RNA extraction, and microbiome characterization. No study clearly considered transfer of the normal placental microbiome to the infant gut. Moreover, some studies in the review and others published subsequently reported little evidence for a placental microbiome in comparison to negative controls. In conclusion, current data are limited and provide no conclusive evidence that there is a normal placental microbiome which has any role in colonization of infant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gil
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- IBS.GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics University medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vittoria Marinello
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Koen Venema
- Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bettina Schelkle
- ILSI Europe a.i.s.b.l, Brussels, Belgium
- EUFIC, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Alagna L, Palomba E, Mangioni D, Bozzi G, Lombardi A, Ungaro R, Castelli V, Prati D, Vecchi M, Muscatello A, Bandera A, Gori A. Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Decolonization in Immunocompromised Patients: A Focus on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165619. [PMID: 32764526 PMCID: PMC7460658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an important issue for global health; in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ and hematological transplant recipients, it poses an even bigger threat. Colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was acknowledged as a strong risk factor to subsequent infections, especially in individuals with a compromised immune system. A growing pile of studies has linked the imbalance caused by the dominance of certain taxa populating the gut, also known as intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, to an increased risk of MDR bacteria colonization. Several attempts were proposed to modulate the gut microbiota. Particularly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was successfully applied to treat conditions like Clostridioides difficile infection and other diseases linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. In this review we aimed to provide a look at the data gathered so far on FMT, focusing on its possible role in treating MDR colonization in the setting of immunocompromised patients and analyzing its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alagna
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Emanuele Palomba
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3494073517
| | - Davide Mangioni
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bozzi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Riccardo Ungaro
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Valeria Castelli
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.A.); (D.M.); (G.B.); (A.L.); (R.U.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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28
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Moore RL, Geraghty AA, Feehily C, Saldova R, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. Can a probiotic supplement in pregnancy result in transfer to the neonatal gut: A systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:1269-1277. [PMID: 32400910 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The establishment of the neonatal gut microbiome is a crucial step that may have lifelong health implications. We aimed to systematically review evidence on maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and vertical transfer of the corresponding strain to the infant gut. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID were searched from inception to September 2018. Studies of maternal probiotic supplementation for a minimum duration of 2 weeks and analyses of neonatal stool samples were included. The primary outcome was presence of the specific probiotic strain in the infant stool. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and references were cross-checked. Risk of bias among included studies was assessed and data were extracted independently by two authors. RESULTS Three studies were included in the review. Only one study was identified involving prenatal maternal probiotic supplementation alone. Neonatal colonization with the maternally administered probiotic was not demonstrated but supplementation with the probiotic influenced levels of a bacterial strain other than that found in the probiotic product. The other two studies identified included both prenatal and postnatal supplementation of either mother or infant. All three studies reported employing strain-specific isolation methodology to isolate the supplemented bacterial strain in infant stool but none used whole metagenome shotgun sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Few studies investigating transfer of a specific probiotic bacterial strain from mother to infant were identified, showing inconclusive evidence of vertical transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Moore
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Feehily
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research, and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen F Murphy
- Precision Biotics Ltd, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe Van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Saleem AF, Allana A, Hale L, Diaz A, Salinas R, Salinas C, Qureshi SM, Hotwani A, Rahman N, Khan A, Zaidi AK, Seed PC, Arshad M. The Gut of Healthy Infants in the Community as a Reservoir of ESBL and Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060286. [PMID: 32471150 PMCID: PMC7345940 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent rapid rise of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) is threatening the treatment of common infectious diseases. Infections with such strains lead to increased mortality and morbidity. Using a cross-sectional study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of gut colonization with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy infants born in Pakistan, a setting with high incidence of MDR-E infections. Stool samples were collected from 104 healthy infants between the ages of 5 and 7 months. Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for resistance against several antimicrobial classes. Presence of ESBL and carbapenemase genes was determined using multiplex PCR. Sequence types were assigned to individual strains by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli was done using the triplex PCR method. Forty-three percent of the infants were positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the majority of which were E. coli. We identified several different ESBL E. coli sequence types most of which belonged to the phylogenetic group B2 (23%) or D (73%). The widespread colonization of infants in a developing country with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is concerning. The multiple sequence types and reported non-human sources support that multiple non-epidemic MDR lineages are circulating in Pakistan with healthy infants as a common reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F. Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Ahreen Allana
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Alondra Diaz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Raul Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Shahida M. Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Najeeb Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Asia Khan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Anita K. Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Oliva A, Miele MC, De Angelis M, Costantini S, Mascellino MT, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V, d'Ettorre G. Antibacterial Effectiveness of Fecal Water and in Vitro Activity of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation against Multi-Drug Resistant Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E332. [PMID: 32120875 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Intestinal colonization with multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms is a consequence of antimicrobial-induced gut dysbiosis. Given the effect of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, the aim of the study was to investigate whether the ingestion of high concentration multi-strain probiotic formulation would change the antibacterial activity of the feces against clinical strains of MDR microorganisms. The corresponding in vitro antibacterial activity was also investigated. Materials/methods: The feces of healthy donors (n = 6) were analyzed before and after a 7-day dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic formulation and tested against MDR microorganisms of clinical concern (carbapenem-resistant (CR), Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp), CR-Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab), CR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-Pa), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)). The tested MDR pathogens were cultured with decreasing concentrations of fecal water obtained before and after the treatment period. Furthermore, to corroborate the results obtained from the feces of healthy donors, the in vitro antibacterial activity of probiotic formulation (both whole probiotic (WP) and probiotic surnatant (PS)) against the same collection of MDR microorganisms was evaluated at different incubation times throughout the minimum bactericidal dilution and the corresponding serial silution number. Results: While before probiotic administration, the fecal water samples did not inhibit MDR microorganism growth, after supplementation, a reduced bacterial growth was shown. Accordingly, a noticeable in vitro activity of WP and PS was observed. Conclusions: Although preliminary, these experiments demonstrated that a specific multi-strain probiotic formulation exhibits in vitro antibacterial activity against MDR microorganisms of clinical concern. If confirmed, these results may justify the administration of probiotics as a decolonization strategy against MDR microorganisms.
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Padilha M, Danneskiold-Samsøe NB, Brejnrod A, Hoffmann C, Cabral VP, Iaucci JM, Sales CH, Fisberg RM, Cortez RV, Brix S, Taddei CR, Kristiansen K, Saad SMI. The Human Milk Microbiota is Modulated by Maternal Diet. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E502. [PMID: 31671720 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk microorganisms contribute not only to the healthy development of the immune system in infants, but also in shaping the gut microbiota. We evaluated the effect of the maternal diet during pregnancy and during the first month of lactation on the human milk microbiota in a cross-sectional study including 94 healthy lactating women. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA profiling and nutrient intake assessed through food questionnaires. Thirteen genera were present in at least 90% of all samples, with three genera present in all samples: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium. Cluster analysis indicated two distinct compositions: one marked by a high abundance of Streptococcus (cluster 1), and other by a high abundance of Staphylococcus (cluster 2). A global association with milk microbiota diversity was observed for vitamin C intake during pregnancy (p = 0.029), which was higher for cluster 2 individuals (cluster 2 median = 232 mg/d; cluster 1 = 175 mg/d; p = 0.02). Positive correlations were found between Bifidobacterium in the milk and intake of polyunsaturated and linoleic fatty acids during the lactation period (p < 0.01). We show that maternal diet influences the human milk microbiota, especially during pregnancy, which may contribute in shaping the gut microbiota.
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Top J, Hendrickx APA, van Ampting MTJ, van Limpt K, Knol J, van de Kamer D, Braat JC, Viveen M, Rogers MR, Kemperman H, Willems RJL, Paganelli FL. Low-calcium diet in mice leads to reduced gut colonization by Enterococcus faecium. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e936. [PMID: 31568701 PMCID: PMC6925158 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary intervention influenced luminal Ca2+ levels and Enterococcus faecium gut colonization in mice. For this purpose, mice fed semi‐synthetic food AIN93 were compared to mice fed AIN93‐low calcium (LC). Administration of AIN93‐LC resulted in lower luminal Ca2+ levels independent of the presence of E. faecium. Furthermore, E. faecium gut colonization was reduced in mice fed AIN93‐LC based on culture, and which was in concordance with a reduction of Enterococcaceae in microbiota analysis. In conclusion, diet intervention might be a strategy for controlling gut colonization of E. faecium, an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetta Top
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Denise van de Kamer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Braat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Viveen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malbert R Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kemperman
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fernanda L Paganelli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bayjanov JR, Baan J, Rogers MRC, Troelstra A, Willems RJL, van Schaik W. Enterococcus faecium genome dynamics during long-term asymptomatic patient gut colonization. Microb Genom 2019; 5:e000277. [PMID: 31166888 PMCID: PMC6700664 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a gut commensal of humans and animals. In addition, it has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen through the acquisition of genetic elements that confer resistance to antibiotics and virulence. We performed a whole-genome sequencing-based study on 96 multidrug-resistant E. faecium strains that asymptomatically colonized five patients with the aim of describing the genome dynamics of this species. The patients were hospitalized on multiple occasions and isolates were collected over periods ranging from 15 months to 6.5 years. Ninety-five of the sequenced isolates belonged to E. faecium clade A1, which was previously determined to be responsible for the vast majority of clinical infections. The clade A1 strains clustered into six clonal groups of highly similar isolates, three of which consisted entirely of isolates from a single patient. We also found evidence of concurrent colonization of patients by multiple distinct lineages and transfer of strains between patients during hospitalization. We estimated the evolutionary rate of two clonal groups that each colonized single patients at 12.6 and 25.2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/genome/year. A detailed analysis of the accessory genome of one of the clonal groups revealed considerable variation due to gene gain and loss events, including the chromosomal acquisition of a 37 kbp prophage and the loss of an element containing carbohydrate metabolism-related genes. We determined the presence and location of 12 different insertion sequence (IS) elements, with ISEfa5 showing a unique pattern of location in 24 of the 25 isolates, suggesting widespread ISEfa5 excision and insertion into the genome during gut colonization. Our findings show that the E. faecium genome is highly dynamic during asymptomatic colonization of the human gut. We observed considerable genomic flexibility due to frequent horizontal gene transfer and recombination, which can contribute to the generation of genetic diversity within the species and, ultimately, can contribute to its success as a nosocomial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumamurat R. Bayjanov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jery Baan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malbert R. C. Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Troelstra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. L. Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Fujimoto M, Goto R, Haneda T, Okada N, Miki T. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium CpxRA Two-Component System Contributes to Gut Colonization in Salmonella-Induced Colitis. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00280-18. [PMID: 29685984 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00280-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica, a common cause of diarrhea, has to colonize the gut lumen to elicit disease. In the gut, the pathogen encounters a vast array of environmental stresses that cause perturbations in the bacterial envelope. The CpxRA two-component system monitors envelope perturbations and responds by altering the bacterial gene expression profile. This allows Salmonella to survive under such harmful conditions. Therefore, CpxRA activation is likely to contribute to Salmonella gut infection. However, the role of the CpxRA-mediated envelope stress response in Salmonella-induced diarrhea is unclear. Here, we show that CpxRA is dispensable for the induction of colitis by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, whereas it is required for gut colonization. We prove that CpxRA is expressed during gut infection and that the presence of antimicrobial peptides in growth media activates the expression of CpxRA-regulated genes. In addition, we demonstrate that a S Typhimurium strain lacking the cpxRA gene is able to cause colitis but is unable to continuously colonize the gut. Finally, we show that CpxRA-dependent gut colonization requires the host gut inflammatory response, while DegP, a CpxRA-regulated protease, is dispensable. Our findings reveal that the CpxRA-mediated envelope stress response plays a crucial role in Salmonella gut infection, suggesting that CpxRA might be a promising therapeutic target for infectious diarrhea.
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Bilinski J, Grzesiowski P, Sorensen N, Madry K, Muszynski J, Robak K, Wroblewska M, Dzieciatkowski T, Dulny G, Dwilewicz-Trojaczek J, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Basak GW. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Blood Disorders Inhibits Gut Colonization With Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Results of a Prospective, Single-Center Study. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:364-370. [PMID: 28369341 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with blood disorders colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are prone to systemic infections that are difficult to treat. Reintroduction of commensal bacteria in a murine model of enterococcal colonization of the gut can lead to eradication of enterococci. We hypothesized that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be used to eradicate ARB in humans. Methods Participants colonized with ARB were treated with intraduodenal FMT according to a prospective protocol (NCT02461199). The primary endpoint was complete ARB decolonization at 1 month after FMT. Secondary endpoints included safety assessment and partial ARB decolonization. Microbiome sequencing was performed to investigate the influence of microbial composition of the transplanted material on the outcome of FMT. Results Twenty-five FMTs were performed in 20 participants (including 40% who had neutropenia) who were colonized by a median of 2 (range, 1-4) strains of ARB. The primary endpoint was reached in 15/25 (60%) of the FMTs and more frequently in cases in which there was no periprocedural use of antibiotics (79% vs 36%, P < .05). Among participants, 15/20 (75%) experienced complete ARB decolonization. There were no severe adverse events, and partial ARB decolonization was observed in 20/25 (80%) of the FMTs. The microbiota composition analysis revealed higher abundance of Barnesiella spp., Bacteroides, and Butyricimonas and greater bacterial richness in the fecal material, resulting in eradication of Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with nonresponders. Conclusions FMT in patients with blood disorders is safe and promotes eradication of ARB from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02461199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Bilinski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Madry
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | - Katarzyna Robak
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Marta Wroblewska
- Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical Hospital.,Department of Dental Microbiology
| | | | - Grazyna Dulny
- Department of Epidemiology, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Grzegorz W Basak
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, Martins M, Aymeric L, Dramsi S. Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 29666615 PMCID: PMC5891635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Martins
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Aymeric
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Shao L, Zhang T, Melero J, Huang Y, Liu Y, Liu Q, He C, Nelson DE, Zhong G. The Genital Tract Virulence Factor pGP3 Is Essential for Chlamydia muridarum Colonization in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00429-17. [PMID: 29038127 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00429-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryptic plasmid is essential for Chlamydia muridarum dissemination from the genital tract to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Following intravaginal inoculation, a C. muridarum strain deficient in plasmid-encoded pGP3 or pGP4 but not pGP5, pGP7, or pGP8 failed to spread to the mouse gastrointestinal tract, although mice infected with these strains developed productive genital tract infections. pGP3- or pGP4-deficient strains also failed to colonize the gastrointestinal tract when delivered intragastrically. pGP4 regulates pGP3, while pGP3 does not affect pGP4 expression, indicating that pGP3 is critical for C. muridarum colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Mutants deficient in GlgA, a chromosome-encoded protein regulated by pGP4, also consistently colonized the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Interestingly, C. muridarum colonization of the gastrointestinal tract positively correlated with pathogenicity in the upper genital tract. pGP3-deficient C. muridarum strains did not induce hydrosalpinx or spread to the GI tract even when delivered to the oviduct by intrabursal inoculation. Thus, the current study not only has revealed that pGP3 is a novel chlamydial colonization factor in the gastrointestinal tract but also has laid a foundation for investigating the significance of gastrointestinal Chlamydia.
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Prieto D, Román E, Alonso-Monge R, Pla J. Overexpression of the Transcriptional Regulator WOR1 Increases Susceptibility to Bile Salts and Adhesion to the Mouse Gut Mucosa in Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:389. [PMID: 28955659 PMCID: PMC5600957 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Wor1 has been shown to induce the GUT transition, an environmentally triggered process that increases the fitness of Candida albicans in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. We have developed strains where the expression of this gene is driven from the strong and tightly regulated tetracycline promoter. These cells retain the main characteristics reported for GUT cells albeit they show defects in the initial stages of colonization. They also show a differential colonization along the gastrointestinal tract compared to isogenic strains, which is probably caused by their susceptibility to bile salts. We also show that WOR1 overexpressing cells have an altered metabolic activity, as revealed by a different susceptibility to inhibitors of respiration, and an enhanced adhesion to the mouse mucosa. We propose that this may contribute to their long-term favored ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Román
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Monge
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pla
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
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Shao L, Zhang T, Liu Q, Wang J, Zhong G. Chlamydia muridarum with Mutations in Chromosomal Genes tc0237 and/or tc0668 Is Deficient in Colonizing the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00321-17. [PMID: 28584162 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00321-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of both animals and humans. However, their medical significance remains unknown. We have previously shown that wild-type Chlamydia muridarum spreads to and establishes stable colonization of the gastrointestinal tract following intravaginal inoculation. In the present study, we found that C. muridarum with mutations in chromosomal genes tc0237 and/or tc0668 was defective in spreading to the mouse gastrointestinal tract, which correlated with its attenuated pathogenicity in the upper genital tract. This correlation was more consistent than that of chlamydial pathogenicity with ascending infection in the genital tract, since attenuated C. muridarum spread significantly less to the gastrointestinal tract but maintained robust ascending infection of the upper genital tract. Transcervical inoculation further confirmed the correlation between C. muridarum spreading to the gastrointestinal tract and its pathogenicity in the upper genital tract. Finally, defective spreading of C. muridarum mutants was due to their inability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract since intragastric inoculation did not rescue the mutants' colonization. Thus, promoting C. muridarum colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may represent a primary function of the TC0237 and TC0668 proteins. Correlation of chlamydial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with chlamydial pathogenicity in the upper genital tract suggests a potential role for gastrointestinal chlamydiae in genital tract pathogenicity.
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Maamar E, Ferjani S, Jendoubi A, Hammami S, Hamzaoui Z, Mayonnove-Coulange L, Saidani M, Kammoun A, Rehaiem A, Ghedira S, Houissa M, Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I, Slim A, Dubois V. High Prevalence of Gut Microbiota Colonization with Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Tunisian Intensive Care Unit. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1859. [PMID: 27965626 PMCID: PMC5126703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections due to cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) Enterobacteriaceae have become a major public health threat, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Often acquired nosocomially, CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae can be introduced initially by patients at admission. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae-intestinal carriage in ICU patients, to evaluate the rate of acquisition of these organisms during hospitalization, and to explore some of the associated risk factors for both carriage and acquisition. Between December 2014 and February 2015, the 63 patients admitted in the ICU of Charles Nicolle hospital were screened for rectal CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae colonization at admission and once weekly thereafter to identify acquisition. CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae fecal carriage rate was 20.63% (13/63) at admission. Among the 50 non-carriers, 35 were resampled during their hospitalization and the acquisition rate was 42.85% (15/35). Overall, 35 CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from 28 patients (25 Klebsiella pneumoniae, seven Escherichia coli, and three Enterobacter cloacae strains). Seven patients were simultaneously colonized with two CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae isolates. CTX-M-15 was detected in most of the CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae isolates (30/35, 88.23%). Three strains co-produced CMY-4 and 22 strains were carbapenem-resistant and co-produced a carbapenemase [OXA-48 (n = 13) or NDM-1 (n = 6)]. Molecular typing of K. pneumoniae strains, revealed eight Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and four sequence types (ST) [ST101, ST147, ST429, and ST336]. However, E. coli isolates were genetically unrelated and belonged to A (n = 2), B1 (n = 2) and B2 (n = 3) phylogenetic groups and to ST131 (two strains), ST572 (two strains), ST615 (one strain) and ST617 (one strain). Five colonized patients were infected by CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae (four with the same strain identified from their rectal swab and one with a different strain). Whether imported or acquired during the stay in the ICU, colonization by CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae is a major risk factor for the occurrence of serious nosocomial infections. Their systematic screening in fecal carriage is mandatory to prevent the spread of these multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaa Maamar
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ferjani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Jendoubi
- Intensive Care Unit, Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Hammami
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of GafsaGafsa, Tunisia
| | - Zaineb Hamzaoui
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mabrouka Saidani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle HospitalTunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouatef Kammoun
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle HospitalTunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Rehaiem
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle HospitalTunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Ghedira
- Intensive Care Unit, Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Houissa
- Intensive Care Unit, Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle HospitalTunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Slim
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis - LR99ES09 Research Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Tunis El ManarTunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle HospitalTunis, Tunisia
| | - Veronique Dubois
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR5234 Bordeaux, France
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Ali M, Sun Y, Xie L, Yu H, Bashir A, Li L. The Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae MB03 against Caenorhabditis elegans and the Transcriptional Response of Nematicidal Genes upon Different Nutritional Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:805. [PMID: 27303387 PMCID: PMC4884745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Different species of the Pseudomonas genus have been reported for their pathogenic potential against animal cells. However, the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae against Caenorhabditis elegans has never been reported. In this study, the interaction of P. syringae MB03 with C. elegans was studied. Different bioassays such as killing assay, lawn leaving assay, food preference assay, L4 growth assay and newly developed “secretion assay” were performed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of P. syringae on different growth media. The results of the killing assay showed that P. syringae MB03 was able to kill C. elegans under specific conditions, as the interaction between the host and the pathogen varied from non-pathogenic (assay on NGM medium) to pathogenic (assay on PG medium). The lawn leaving assay and the food preference assay illustrated that C. elegans identified P. syringae MB03 as a pathogen when assays were performed on PG medium. Green fluorescent protein was used as the reporter protein to study gut colonization by P. syringae MB03. Our results suggested that MB03 has the ability to colonize the gut of C. elegans. Furthermore, to probe the role of selected virulence determinants, qRT-PCR was used. The genes for pyoverdine, phoQ/phoP, phoR/phoB, and flagella were up regulated during the interaction of P. syringae MB03 and C. elegans on PG medium. Other than these, the genes for some proteases, such as pepP, clpA, and clpS, were also up regulated. On the other hand, kdpD and kdpB were down regulated more than threefold in the NGM – C. elegans interaction model. The deletion of the kdpD and kdpE genes altered the pathogenicity of the bacterial strain against C. elegans. Overall, our results suggested that the killing of C. elegans by P. syringae requires a prolonged interaction between the host and pathogen in an agar-based assay. Moreover, it seemed that some toxic metabolites were secreted by the bacterial strain that were sensed by C. elegans. Previously, it was believed that P. syringae could not damage animal cells. However, this study provides evidence of the pathogenic behavior of P. syringae against C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Huafu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
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