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Molgora BM, Mukherjee SK, Baumel-Alterzon S, Santiago FM, Muratore KA, Sisk AE, Mercer F, Johnson PJ. Trichomonas vaginalis adherence phenotypes and extracellular vesicles impact parasite survival in a novel in vivo model of pathogenesis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011693. [PMID: 37871037 PMCID: PMC10621976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a human infective parasite responsible for trichomoniasis-the most common, non-viral, sexually transmitted infection worldwide. T. vaginalis resides exclusively in the urogenital tract of both men and women. In women, T. vaginalis has been found colonizing the cervix and vaginal tract while in men it has been identified in the upper and lower urogenital tract and in secreted fluids such as semen, urethral discharge, urine, and prostatic fluid. Despite the over 270 million cases of trichomoniasis annually worldwide, T. vaginalis continues to be a highly neglected organism and thus poorly studied. Here we have developed a male mouse model for studying T. vaginalis pathogenesis in vivo by delivering parasites into the murine urogenital tract (MUT) via transurethral catheterization. Parasite burden was assessed ex-vivo using a nanoluciferase-based gene expression assay which allowed quantification of parasites pre- and post-inoculation. Using this model and read-out approach, we show that T. vaginalis can be found within MUT tissue up to 72 hrs post-inoculation. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that parasites that exhibit increased parasite adherence in vitro also have higher parasite burden in mice in vivo. These data provide evidence that parasite adherence to host cells aids in parasite persistence in vivo and molecular determinants found to correlate with host cell adherence in vitro are applicable to infection in vivo. Finally, we show that co-inoculation of T. vaginalis extracellular vesicles (TvEVs) and parasites results in higher parasite burden in vivo. These findings confirm our previous in vitro-based predictions that TvEVs assist the parasite in colonizing the host. The establishment of this pathogenesis model for T. vaginalis sets the stage for identifying and examining parasite factors that contribute to and influence infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M. Molgora
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sandip Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fernanda M. Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology “Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo,” Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Katherine A. Muratore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony E. Sisk
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Frances Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Johnson
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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2
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Chelgerdi Dehkordi B, Karimi-Dehkordi M, Khamesipour F. Induction of apoptosis by hydroalcoholic and methanolic extract of Deracocephalum kotschyi on Trichomonas vaginalis. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:686-694. [PMID: 36091285 PMCID: PMC9458835 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection. Dracocephalum kotschyi (D. kotschyi) belongs to the family of Labiatae. Its antispasmodic and analgesic properties are well known in Iran. This work aimed to look into the antitrichomonal activity of D. kotschyi extracts against T. vaginalis in vitro. D. kotschyi was gathered in Isfahan Province, Iran, and extracts were prepared and isolated. Later, T. vaginalis trophozoites obtained from Iran, which are metronidazole-sensitive, were incubated with various doses of extracts. Cell viability was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and percentage of growth inhibition (GI%). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined by MTT assay on the J774.A1 cell line. The effect of extracts during the initial stage of apoptosis was assayed using the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Pharmingen™). Compared to MTZ, extracts generated more efficient lysis on T. vaginalis trophozoites. Evaluation of the in vitro anti trichomonal properties of D. kotschyi essential extracts shows that it effectively induces apoptosis on T. vaginalis between 100 and 500 µg/ml after 48 h without toxicity on hematopoietic cells. According to this study, D. kotschyi extracts induce programmed death in T. vaginalis. The extracts of D. kotschyi can be used to develop antitrichomonal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Karimi-Dehkordi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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3
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Kamarkhani Z, Rafiei-Sefiddashti R, Haghighi L, Badirzadeh A, Hadighi R. Molecular Examination of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Biopsy of Patients with Different Prostate Lesions. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:237-240. [PMID: 34158774 PMCID: PMC8188072 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by a flagellated protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) and is often asymptomatic in men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA) are the most common urological diseases in the elderly. Scientists have proposed various factors which trigger prostate cancer, including sexually transmitted diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential role of T. vaginalis as a risk factor for various prostate lesions such as hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Methods A total of 250 paraffin-embedded of different prostate lesion biopsies were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the beta-tubulin gene for identifying T. vaginalis. Result All 250 pathologic specimens were negative for this parasite by using PCR technique. Conclusion It seems that T. vaginalis may have not had a causative role for different prostate lesions and it seems proposed PCR technique is an insufficient method to find the parasite in paraffin-embedded tissues. Therefore, other diagnostic techniques to identify the parasite in biopsy samples are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kamarkhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafiei-Sefiddashti
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Haghighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hadighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) Alleviates Pain, Enhances Erectile Function and Improves Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163602. [PMID: 34441902 PMCID: PMC8396816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), affecting over 90% of patients with symptomatic prostatitis, remains a therapeutic challenge and adversely affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). This study probed for likely beneficial effects of ESWT, evaluating its extent and durability. Patients and methods: Standardized indices, namely the pain, urinary, and QoL domains and total score of NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, EHS, IPSS, and AUA QoL_US were employed in this study of patients with CP/CPPS who had been refractory to other prior treatments (n = 215; age range: 32–82 years; median age: 57.5 ± 12.4 years; modal age: 41 years). Results: For CP symptoms, the mean pre-ESWT NIH-CPSI total score of 27.1 ± 6.8 decreased by 31.3–53.6% over 12 months after ESWT. The mean pre-ESWT NIH-CPSI pain (12.5 ± 3.3), urinary (4.98 ± 2.7), and QoL (9.62 ± 2.1) domain scores improved by 2.3-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.0-fold, respectively, by month 12 post-ESWT. Compared with the baseline IPSS of 13.9 ± 8.41, we recorded 27.1–50.9% amelioration of urinary symptoms during the 12 months post-ESWT. For erectile function, compared to pre-ESWT values, the IIEF-5 also improved by ~1.3-fold by month 12 after ESWT. This was corroborated by EHS of 3.11 ± 0.99, 3.37 ± 0.65, 3.42 ± 0.58, 3.75 ± 0.45, and 3.32 ± 0.85 at baseline, 1, 2, 6, and 12 months post-ESWT. Compared to the mean pre-ESWT QoL score (4.29 ± 1.54), the mean QoL values were 3.26 ± 1.93, 3.45 ± 2.34, 3.25 ± 1.69, and 2.6 ± 1.56 for months 1, 2, 6, and 12 after ESWT, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows ESWT, an outpatient and easy-to-perform, minimally invasive procedure, effectively alleviates pain, improves erectile function, and ameliorates quality of life in patients with refractory CP/CPPS.
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Saleh NE, Alhusseiny SM, El-Zayady WM, Aboelnaga EM, El-Beshbishi WN, Saleh YM, Abou-ElWafa HS, El-Beshbishi SN. Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk in Egypt: a case-control study. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:1379-1388. [PMID: 33159459 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that has been associated with prostate cancer in some countries. This study aims to investigate if T. vaginalis infection can be a risk factor for prostate cancer in Egypt and its possible relationship with cancer prognostic factors and overall survival. Serum samples were collected from a total of 445 age-matched males; 126 with prostate cancer, 108 with bladder cancer, 91 with different types of cancers, and 120 healthy controls, and then analyzed by ELISA for detection of anti-Trichomonas IgG and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The results revealed that only 8.3% of controls were seropositive for trichomoniasis, compared with 19% of prostate cancer patients (P = 0.015). There were positive associations between the levels of PSA and tumor stage with T. vaginalis IgG optical density scores among the seropositive cases (P < 0.001 and < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant correlations were detected between seropositivity of T. vaginalis and other prognostic factors or overall survival in those patients. In conclusion, chronic T. vaginalis infection may be associated with prostate cancer, but it does not seem that this STI aggravates the cancer status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar M Alhusseiny
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M El-Zayady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Engy M Aboelnaga
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wafaa N El-Beshbishi
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Saleh
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hala S Abou-ElWafa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar N El-Beshbishi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 2 El-Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Han IH, Song HO, Ryu JS. IL-6 produced by prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis promotes proliferation of prostate cancer cells by inducing M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008126. [PMID: 32196489 PMCID: PMC7138318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv), a protozoan parasite causing sexually-transmitted disease, has been detected in tissue of prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). IL-6, a mediator of chronic inflammation, induces the progression of prostate cancer, and influences the polarization of M2 macrophages, which are the main tumor-associated macrophages. We investigated whether IL-6 produced by human prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Tv induces the M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages, which in turn promotes the progression of PCa. Conditioned medium was prepared from Tv-infected (TCM) and uninfected (CM) prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Thereafter conditioned medium was prepared from macrophages after incubation with CM (M-CM) or TCM (M-TCM). RWPE-1 cells infected with Tv produced IL-6 and chemokines such as CCL2 and CXCL8. When human macrophages were treated with conditioned medium of RWPE-1 cells co-cultured with Tv (TCM), they became polarized to M2-like macrophages as indicated by the production of IL-10 and TGF-β, and the expression of CD36 and arginase-1, which are M2 macrophage markers. Moreover, proliferation of the M2-like macrophages was also increased by TCM. Blockade of IL-6 signaling with IL-6 receptor antibody and JAK inhibitor (Ruxolitinib) inhibited M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages and proliferation of the macrophages. To assess the effect of crosstalk between macrophages and prostate epithelial cells inflamed by Tv infection on the growth of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cells were treated with conditioned medium from THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with TCM (M-TCM). Proliferation and migration of the PCa cells were significantly increased by the M-TCM. Our findings suggest that IL-6 produced in response to Tv infection of the prostate has an important effect on the tumor microenvironment by promoting progression of PCa cells following induction of M2 macrophage polarization. In male, T. vaginalis infection have been proposed to involve in several prostate diseases such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, studies for these mechanisms have been rare. We have previously reported that T. vaginalis induce the production of inflammatory cytokines in prostate cells. Among these cytokines, IL-6 have been reported to play an important role in M2 macrophage polarization, which lead to formation of tumor microenvironment in various cancers. Here we show that IL-6 produced by T. vaginalis infection in prostate epithelial cells induces M2 polarization of macrophages and these macrophages promote proliferation of prostate cancer cells. These findings suggest that T. vaginalis indirectly induces progression of prostate cancer by creating a tumor microenvironment through an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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7
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Is there association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate cancer risk?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Langston ME, Bhalla A, Alderete JF, Nevin RL, Pakpahan R, Hansen J, Elliott D, De Marzo AM, Gaydos CA, Isaacs WB, Nelson WG, Sokoll LJ, Zenilman JM, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S. Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate-specific antigen concentration: Insights into prostate involvement and prostate disease risk. Prostate 2019; 79:1622-1628. [PMID: 31376187 PMCID: PMC6715535 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protist Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common, sexually transmitted infection and has been proposed to contribute to the development of chronic prostate conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, few studies have investigated the extent to which it involves the prostate in the current antimicrobial era. We addressed this question by investigating the relation between T. vaginalis antibody serostatus and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, a marker of prostate infection, inflammation, and/or cell damage, in young, male, US military members. METHODS We measured T. vaginalis serum IgG antibodies and serum total PSA concentration in a random sample of 732 young, male US active duty military members. Associations between T. vaginalis serostatus and PSA were investigated by linear regression. RESULTS Of the 732 participants, 341 (46.6%) had a low T. vaginalis seropositive score and 198 (27.0%) had a high score, with the remainder seronegative. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of PSA by T. vaginalis serostatus. However, slightly greater, nonsignificant differences were observed when men with high T. vaginalis seropositive scores were compared with seronegative men, and when higher PSA concentrations were examined (≥0.70 ng/mL). Specifically, 42.5% of men with high seropositive scores had a PSA concentration greater than or equal to 0.70 ng/mL compared with 33.2% of seronegative men (adjusted P = .125). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings do not provide strong support for prostate involvement during T. vaginalis infection, although our suggestive positive findings for higher PSA concentrations do not rule out this possibility entirely. These suggestive findings may be relevant for prostate condition development because higher early- to mid-life PSA concentrations have been found to predict greater prostate cancer risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin E. Langston
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ankita Bhalla
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John F. Alderete
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Remington L. Nevin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- The Quinism Foundation, White River Junction, VT
| | - Ratna Pakpahan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Johannah Hansen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Debra Elliott
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charlotte A. Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lori J. Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan M. Zenilman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Wang HY, Hung CC, Chen CH, Lee TY, Huang KY, Ning HC, Lai NC, Tsai MH, Lu LC, Tseng YJ, Lu JJ. Increase Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on urine routine analysis through a machine learning approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11074. [PMID: 31423009 PMCID: PMC6698480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) detection remains an unsolved problem in using of automated instruments for urinalysis. The study proposes a machine learning (ML)-based strategy to increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in urine. On the basis of urinalysis data from a teaching hospital during 2009–2013, individuals underwent at least one urinalysis test were included. Logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest, were used to select specimens with a high risk of T. vaginalis infection for confirmation through microscopic examinations. A total of 410,952 and 428,203 specimens from men and women were tested, of which 91 (0.02%) and 517 (0.12%) T. vaginalis-positive specimens were reported, respectively. The prediction models of T. vaginalis infection attained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of more than 0.87 for women and 0.83 for men. The Lift values of the top 5% risky specimens were above eight. While the most risky vigintile was picked out by the models and confirmed by microscopic examination, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for T. vaginalis detection in men and women were USD$170.1 and USD$29.7, respectively. On the basis of urinalysis, the proposed strategy can significantly increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tseng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Han IH, Kim JH, Jang KS, Ryu JS. Inflammatory mediators of prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis promote proliferative and invasive properties of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:1133-1146. [PMID: 31050003 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is the most common sexually transmitted parasite. It is detected in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer (PCa) and has been suggested to cause chronic prostatitis. Moreover, up to 20% of all cancers worldwide are associated with chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated whether inflammatory mediators produced by normal human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) stimulated with Tv could promote growth and invasiveness of PCa cells. METHODS Conditioned medium of RWPE-1 cells was prepared by stimulating them with Tv (trichomonad-conditioned medium [TCM]) and without Tv (conditioned medium [CM]). Promotion of PCa cells (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) was assessed by wound healing, proliferation, and invasion assays. RESULTS We observed that the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL8, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2 ), and COX2 by RWPE-1 cells was increased by stimulating them with Tv. When PCa cells were incubated with TCM, their proliferation, invasion, and migration increased. Moreover, they showed increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers by a reduction in epithelial markers and an increase in mesenchymal markers. In vivo, xenograft tumor tissues injected with TCM also showed increased expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, as well as induction of EMT. Receptors and signal molecules of PCa cells increased in response to exposure to TCM, and blocking receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2, C-C chemokine receptor 2, glycoprotein 130, EP2, and EP4) reduced the proliferation of PCa cells with decreased production of cytokines (CCL2, IL-6, and CXCL8) and PGE2 , and expression of NF-κB and Snail1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Tv infection may be one of the factors creating the supportive microenvironment to promote proliferation and invasiveness of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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