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Zhu D, Liu G, Song Y, Li S, Yang S, Hu D, Li P. Enterovirus 71 VP1 promotes 5-HT release by upregulating the expression of ERICH3 and methyltransferase ZC3H13: VP1 promotes 5-HT release by ERICH3 and ZC3H13 upregulation. Virus Res 2022; 318:198843. [PMID: 35660571 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of structural viral protein 1 (VP1) on neurological damage caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is unclear. This study aimed to explore the transcriptome changes in EV infected patients and the role of VP1 on the cell secretion pathway of neuron cells. METHODS In our cohort, EV infected patients were enrolled, and RNA-seq analysis was used to evaluate the distinct transcript patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The EV71 VP1-overexpressing vector (pEGFP-c3-VP1) was generated and transfected into neuron cells. The relationship between Glutamate Rich 3 (ERICH3) and methyltransferase Zinc Finger CCCH-Type Containing 13 (ZC3H13) and their effect on the serotonin (5-HT) release of neuron cells were explored using small interfering RNA. The expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 and concentration of 5-HT were determined using real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. RESULT The expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 were significantly upregulated in EV infected patients with neurological symptoms compared to those without (P<0.05). The ERICH3 gene had many N6-methyladenosine (m6A) binding sites that can be regulated by m6A modification. Further, the expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 were elevated significantly in EV71-VP1 overexpressing neuron cells (P<0.05). Moreover, ERICH3 or ZC3H13 deficiency could significantly downregulate the release of 5-HT in VP1-overexpressing cells (P<0.05). Nonetheless, ERICH3 expression was significantly suppressed when ZC3H13 was silenced in neuron cells and vice versa (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EV71-VP1 can promote 5-HT release by upregulating the expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13. 5-HT might be a novel therapeutic target for EV71 infection-induced fatal neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhu
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Song
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sida Yang
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peiqing Li
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu D, Song Y, Hu D, Li S, Liu G, Li P, Yang S. Characterization of Enterovirus Associated m6A RNA Methylation in Children With Neurological Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:791544. [PMID: 34949987 PMCID: PMC8689127 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.791544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the particular changes of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in enterovirus (EV) infection among children with neurologic symptoms. Here, we determined the characterization of EV associated m6A RNA methylation in this population. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2018/2 to 2019/12 at the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. We included EV infected children with and without neurological symptoms. High-throughput m(6)A-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-seq analysis were used to evaluate the m6A RNA methylation and transcript expression of cerebrospinal fluid samples. The functional annotation and pathways of differentially methylated m6A genes with synchronously differential expression were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Seven patients were enrolled in the control group, and 13 cases were in the neurological symptoms (NS) group. A total of 3472 differentially expressed genes and 957 m6A modified genes were identified. A conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data found 1064 genes with significant changes in both the m6A modifications and mRNA levels. The different m6A RNA methylation was increased in the transcriptome’s CDS regions but decreased in both the 3′UTRs and stop codon among the NS group. Functional annotation like the “oxidative phosphorylation” gene pathway, “Parkinson’s disease” and GO terms like “respiratory electron transport chain,” “cellular metabolic process,” and “oxidation-reduction process” was enriched in symptomatic patients. Our study elucidated the changes of RNA m6A methylation patterns and related cellular functions and signaling pathways in EV patients with neurologic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Song
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sida Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li P, Huang Y, Zhu D, Yang S, Hu D. Risk Factors for Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:716039. [PMID: 34858899 PMCID: PMC8631475 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Sinomed, WanFang, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched (up to August 2021). Results: Twenty-nine studies (9,241 and 927,355 patients with severe HFMD and controls, respectively; all from China) were included. EV71 was associated with higher odds of severe HFMD compared with other agents (OR = 4.44, 95%CI: 3.12-6.33, p < 0.001). Being home-raised (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.59-2.50, p < 0.001), higher number of children in the family (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.93-2.27, p < 0.001), poor hand hygiene (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.78-4.23, p < 0.001), and no breastfeeding (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.45-2.79, p < 0.001) were risk factors for severe HFMD. First consulting to a district-level or above hospital (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.25-0.45, p < 0.001) and diagnosis of HFMD at baseline (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.13-0.24, p < 0.001) were protective factors against severe HFMD. Fever, long fever duration, vomiting, lethargy, leukocytosis, tic, and convulsions were each associated with severe HFMD (all p < 0.05), while rash was not. Conclusions: EV71, lifestyle habits, frequent hospital visits, and symptoms are risk factors for severe HFMD in children in China, while early diagnosis and admission to higher-level hospitals are protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Huang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danping Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sida Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Children's Health Section, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wörner N, Rodrigo-García R, Antón A, Castellarnau E, Delgado I, Vazquez È, González S, Mayol L, Méndez M, Solé E, Rosal J, Andrés C, Casquero A, Lera E, Sancosmed M, Campins M, Pumarola T, Rodrigo C. Enterovirus-A71 Rhombencephalitis Outbreak in Catalonia: Characteristics, Management and Outcome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:628-633. [PMID: 34097655 PMCID: PMC8189429 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between April and June 2016, an outbreak of rhombencephalitis (RE) caused by enterovirus (EV) A71 was detected in Catalonia, Spain-the first documented in Western Europe. The clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with this condition differed from those reported in outbreaks occurring in Southeast Asia. METHODS Observational, multicenter study analyzing characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with EV-A71 rhombencephalitis diagnosed in 6 publicly funded hospitals within the Catalonian Health Institute. A review of clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of these patients was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-four patients met the clinical and virologic criteria for rhombencephalitis caused by EV-A71. All patients had symptoms suggesting viral disease, mainly fever, lethargy, ataxia and tremor, with 30% of hand-foot-mouth disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was given to 44/64 (69%) patients and methylprednisolone to 27/64 (42%). Six patients (9%) required pediatric intensive care unit admission. Three patients had acute flaccid paralysis of 1 limb, and another had autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction with cardiorespiratory arrest. Outcome in all patients (except the patient with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) was good, with complete resolution of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS During the 2016 outbreak, rhombencephalitis without ANS symptoms was the predominant form of presentation and most patients showed no hand-foot-mouth disease. These findings contrast with those of other patient series reporting associated ANS dysfunction (10%-15%) and hand-foot-mouth disease (60%-80%). Complete recovery occurred in almost all cases. In light of the favorable outcome in untreated mild cases, therapies for this condition should be reserved for patients with moderate-severe infection. The main relevance of this study is to provide useful information for setting priorities, management approaches and adequate use of resources in future EV-A71 associated rhombencephalitis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Wörner
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodrigo-García
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Castellarnau
- Department of Pediatrics, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delgado
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Èlida Vazquez
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià González
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Mayol
- Department of Pediatrics, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Méndez
- Department of Pediatrics, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eduard Solé
- Department of Pediatrics, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Rosal
- Department of Pediatrics, Verge de la Cinta Hospital, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Casquero
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Lera
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Sancosmed
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Campins
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pumarola
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodrigo
- From the Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Pediatrics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine at Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Carlos Rodrigo, MD, PhD, is currently at the Department of Pediatrics, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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O'Neal AJ, Hanson MR. The Enterovirus Theory of Disease Etiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Critical Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688486. [PMID: 34222292 PMCID: PMC8253308 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multi-system disease whose etiological basis has not been established. Enteroviruses (EVs) as a cause of ME/CFS have sometimes been proposed, as they are known agents of acute respiratory and gastrointestinal infections that may persist in secondary infection sites, including the central nervous system, muscle, and heart. To date, the body of research that has investigated enterovirus infections in relation to ME/CFS supports an increased prevalence of chronic or persistent enteroviral infections in ME/CFS patient cohorts than in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, inconsistent results have fueled a decline in related studies over the past two decades. This review covers the aspects of ME/CFS pathophysiology that are consistent with a chronic enterovirus infection and critically reviews methodologies and approaches used in past EV-related ME/CFS studies. We describe the prior sample types that were interrogated, the methods used and the limitations to the approaches that were chosen. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that prior outbreaks of ME/CFS were caused by one or more enterovirus groups. Furthermore, we find that the methods used in prior studies were inadequate to rule out the presence of chronic enteroviral infections in individuals with ME/CFS. Given the possibility that such infections could be contributing to morbidity and preventing recovery, further studies of appropriate biological samples with the latest molecular methods are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J O'Neal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Yogo N, Imamura T, Muto Y, Hirai K. Cardiopulmonary failure as a result of brainstem encephalitis caused by enterovirus D68. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e231990. [PMID: 31732545 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, and has been reported to cause acute flaccid myelitis. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is known to cause cardiopulmonary failure due to brainstem encephalitis, but there have been few reports of these conditions being associated with EV-D68. Outbreaks of EV-D68 infection have occurred in the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia. Clinical management is largely supportive and there are no specific antivirals available. The case patient, a 4-year-old girl, had cardiopulmonary failure due to brainstem encephalitis. EV-D68 was isolated from a throat swab. On admission, she had cardiopulmonary failure, which required intensive care using a ventilator and inotropic agents. Her cardiac function improved, but she had residual bulbar paralysis and limb weakness, which resolved over a 6-month period. This case confirms that EV-D68, may cause severe illness due to brainstem encephalitis, similar to that caused by EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yogo
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Imamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Muto
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuki Hirai
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wang C, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Wang F, Rong Q, Zhang Y. Continuous hemodiafiltration as a rescue therapy for patients with cardiopulmonary failure caused by enterovirus-71: a retrospective observational study in a PICU. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:866. [PMID: 31638922 PMCID: PMC6805415 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a burdensome health issue in mainland China. Enterovirus71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen of severe HFMD. Continuous hemofiltration improves fluid overload, restores kidney function and alleviates inflammatory reactions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) on severe HFMD caused by EV-A71(EV-A71-HFMD) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary university PICU from January 2012 to December 2016. Children with severe EV-A71-HFMD complicated by cardiopulmonary failure were included. The patients were divided into a CVVHDF group and a conventional therapy (control) group (non-CVVHDF). The demographics, characteristics, and outcomes between the groups were collected and analyzed. Results Twenty-nine patients with severe EV-A71-HFMD were enrolled. The 28-day mortality was 17.6% (3/17) in the CVVHDF group and 33.3% (4/12) in the non-CVVHDF group, with no statistical significance between the two groups (P = 0.403). The median interval between CVVHDF initiation and PICU admission was 6 (4,8.5) hrs, and the median duration of CVVHDF was 48 (36, 64) hrs. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac index (CI) in the CVVHDF group were improved after treatment. The plasma levels of catecholamines and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) substances in the CVVHDF group were significantly decreased after treatment. The decreased catecholamines and RAAS substances included adrenalin (169.8 [145.5, 244.6] vs. 148.0 [109.0, 208.1] ng/L, P = 0.033), dopamine (152.7 [97.0, 191.1] vs. 96.0 [68.0, 160.9] ng/L, P = 0.026), angiotensin II (185.9 [125.2, 800.0] vs. 106.0 [90.8, 232.5] ng/L, P = 0.047), aldosterone (165.7 [94.0, 353.3] vs. 103.3 [84.3, 144.3] ng/L, P = 0.033), and renin (1.12 [0.74, 3.45] vs. 0.79 [0.52, 1.25] μg/L/h, P = 0.029), Conclusions CVVHDF reduced the levels of catecholamines and RAAS substances and improved cardiovascular function. Continuous hemodiafiltration may represent a potential therapy in patients with severe EV-A71-HFMD complicated with cardiopulmonary failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China.,Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China
| | - Qunfang Rong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, Putuo District, China. .,Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Li P, Yang S, Hu D, Wei D, Lu J, Zheng H, Nie S, Liu G, Yang H. Enterovirus 71 VP1 promotes mouse Schwann cell autophagy via ER stress‑mediated PMP22 upregulation. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:759-767. [PMID: 31173167 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) accounts for the majority of hand, foot and mouth disease‑related deaths due to fatal neurological complications. EV71 structural viral protein 1 (VP1) promotes viral replication by inducing autophagy in neuron cells, but the effect of VP1 on myelin cells is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of VP1 in autophagy of mouse Schwann cells. An EV71 VP1‑expressing vector (pEGFP‑C3‑VP1) was generated and transfected into mouse Schwann cells. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis for microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3 α (LC3) II (an autophagy marker) were used to assess autophagy. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence were performed to determine the expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22). Small interfering RNA against PMP22 was used to investigate the role of PMP22 in mouse Schwann cell autophagy. Salubrinal [a selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor] was used to determine whether PMP22 expression was affected by ER stress. The present results indicated that VP1 promoted mouse Schwann cell autophagy. Overexpression of VP1 upregulated PMP22. PMP22 deficiency downregulated LC3II and thus inhibited autophagy. Furthermore, PMP22 expression was significantly suppressed by salubrinal. In conclusion, VP1 promoted mouse Schwann cell autophagy through upregulation of ER stress‑mediated PMP22 expression. Therefore, the VP1/ER stress/PMP22 autophagy axis may be a potential therapeutic target for EV71 infection‑induced fatal neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Sida Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wei
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, P.R. China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, P.R. China
| | - Shushan Nie
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Haomei Yang
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
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Acute neurological disease due to enterovirus: A review of clinical cases in a tertiary hospital in Andalusia after an outbreak in Catalonia. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Valdivielso Martínez AI, Carazo Gallego B, Cubiles Arilo Z, Moreno-Pérez D, Urda Cardona A. Patología neurológica aguda por enterovirus: revisión de casos clínicos en un hospital andaluz de tercer nivel tras brote epidémico de Cataluña. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018; 89:249-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Zhang J, He L, Sun H, Huang X, Yang Z, Ma S. Molecular characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease for hospitalized pediatric patients in Yunnan, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11610. [PMID: 30075535 PMCID: PMC6081097 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by multiple enteroviruses (EVs) in China. To better define the etiologic agents and clinical characteristics of HFMD, we conducted this study in Yunnan, China.In this study, 1280 stool specimens were collected from pediatric patients hospitalized for treatment of HFMD in 2010. EV was detected with nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and directly genotyped by gene sequencing of the viral protein 1 (VP1) region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the VP1 partial gene and the clinical characteristics were analyzed using SPSS Software.Of 1280 specimens, 1115 (87.1%) tested positive for EV. Seventeen different EV serotypes were detected. Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) was the most frequently detected serotype (615/1115 cases, 55.1%), followed by enterovirus 71 (EV71; 392/1115, 35.2%), CA10 (45/1115, 4.0%), and CA4 (23/1115, 2.1%). Among the 709 severe cases, CA16, EV71, CA10, and CA4 accounted for 48.0%, 42.0%, 3.5%, and 2.3%, respectively. Of the 26 critical cases, 13 were caused by EV71, 9 by CA16, 2 by CA4, and 1 each were the result of CA10 and E9, respectively. All EV71, CA16, CA10, and CA4 isolates were highly homologous to the strains isolated from mainland China, and belonged to the C4a, B1a, G, and C genotypes, respectively.Our study showed that EV71 and CA16 were the main causative agents for severe and critical HFMD, but other serotypes can also cause severe and critical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Haihao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Licun He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
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Factors associated with fatal outcome of children with enterovirus A71 infection: a case series. Epidemiol Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEnterovirus A-71 (EV-A71) may be fatal, but the natural history, symptoms, and signs are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the natural history of fatal EV-A71 infection and to identify the symptoms and signs of early warning of deterioration. This was a clinical observational study of fatal cases of EV-A71 infection treated at five Chinese hospitals between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012. We recorded and analysed 91 manifestations of EV-A71 infection in order to identify early prognosis indicators. There were 54 fatal cases. Median age was 21.5 months (Q1−Q3: 12–36). The median duration from onset to death was 78.5 h (range, 6 to 432). The multilayer perceptron analysis showed that ataxia respiratory, ultrahyperpyrexia, excessive tachycardia, refractory shock, absent pharyngeal reflex, irregular respiratory rhythm, hyperventilation, deep coma, pulmonary oedema and/or haemorrhage, excessive hypertension, tachycardia, somnolence, CRT extension, fatigue or sleepiness and age were associated with death. Autopsy findings (n = 2) showed neuronal necrosis, softening, perivascular cuffing, colloid and neuronophagia phenomenon in the brainstem. The fatal cases of enterovirus A71 had neurologic involvement, even at the early stage. Direct virus invasion through the neural pathway and subsequent brainstem damage might explain the rapid progression to death.
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