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Berry SB, Espich S, Thuong NTT, Chang X, Dorajoo R, Khor CC, Heng CK, Yuan JM, Fox D, Anaya-Sanchez A, Tenney L, Chang CJ, Kotov DI, Vance RE, Dunstan SJ, Darwin KH, Stanley SA. Disruption of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 protects against bacterial infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554661. [PMID: 37662190 PMCID: PMC10473740 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The ALDH2*2 (rs671) allele is one of the most common genetic mutations in humans, yet the positive evolutionary selective pressure to maintain this mutation is unknown, despite its association with adverse health outcomes. ALDH2 is responsible for the detoxification of metabolically produced aldehydes, including lipid-peroxidation end products derived from inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that host-derived aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and formaldehyde (FA), all of which are metabolized by ALDH2, are directly toxic to the bacterial pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Francisella tularensis at physiological levels. We find that Aldh2 expression in macrophages is decreased upon immune stimulation, and that bone marrow-derived macrophages from Aldh2 -/- mice contain elevated aldehydes relative to wild-type mice. Macrophages deficient for Aldh2 exhibited enhanced control of Francisella infection. Finally , mice lacking Aldh2 demonstrated increased resistance to pulmonary infection by M. tuberculosis , including in a hypersusceptible model of tuberculosis, and were also resistant to Francisella infection. We hypothesize that the absence of ALDH2 contributes to the host's ability to control infection by pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and F. tularensis , and that host-derived aldehydes act as antimicrobial factors during intracellular bacterial infections. One sentence summary Aldehydes produced by host cells contribute to the control of bacterial infections.
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Olewe PK, Awandu SS, Munde EO, Anyona SB, Raballah E, Amolo AS, Ogola S, Ndenga E, Onyango CO, Rochford R, Perkins DJ, Ouma C. Hemoglobinopathies, merozoite surface protein-2 gene polymorphisms, and acquisition of Epstein Barr virus among infants in Western Kenya. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:566. [PMID: 37340364 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma pediatric cancer is associated with morbidity and mortality among children resident in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum regions in western Kenya. P. falciparum exerts strong selection pressure on sickle cell trait (SCT), alpha thalassemia (-α3.7/αα), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) variants (FC27, 3D7) that confer reduced malarial disease severity. The current study tested the hypothesis that SCT, (-α3.7/αα), G6PD mutation and (MSP-2) variants (FC27, 3D7) are associated with an early age of EBV acquisition. METHODS Data on infant EBV infection status (< 6 and ≥ 6-12 months of age) was abstracted from a previous longitudinal study. Archived infant DNA (n = 81) and mothers DNA (n = 70) samples were used for genotyping hemoglobinopathies and MSP-2. The presence of MSP-2 genotypes in maternal DNA samples was used to indicate infant in-utero malarial exposure. Genetic variants were determined by TaqMan assays or standard PCR. Group differences were determined by Chi-square or Fisher's analysis. Bivariate regression modeling was used to determine the relationship between the carriage of genetic variants and EBV acquisition. RESULTS EBV acquisition for infants < 6 months was not associated with -α3.7/αα (OR = 1.824, P = 0.354), SCT (OR = 0.897, P = 0.881), or G6PD [Viangchan (871G > A)/Chinese (1024 C > T) (OR = 2.614, P = 0.212)] and [Union (1360 C > T)/Kaiping (1388G > A) (OR = 0.321, P = 0.295)]. There was no relationship between EBV acquisition and in-utero exposure to either FC27 (OR = 0.922, P = 0.914) or 3D7 (OR = 0.933, P = 0.921). In addition, EBV acquisition in infants ≥ 6-12 months also showed no association with -α3.7/αα (OR = 0.681, P = 0.442), SCT (OR = 0.513, P = 0.305), G6PD [(Viangchan (871G > A)/Chinese (1024 C > T) (OR = 0.640, P = 0.677)], [Mahidol (487G > A)/Coimbra (592 C > T) (OR = 0.948, P = 0.940)], [(Union (1360 C > T)/Kaiping (1388G > A) (OR = 1.221, P = 0.768)], African A (OR = 0.278, P = 0.257)], or in utero exposure to either FC27 (OR = 0.780, P = 0.662) or 3D7 (OR = 0.549, P = 0.241). CONCLUSION Although hemoglobinopathies (-α3.7/αα, SCT, and G6PD mutations) and in-utero exposure to MSP-2 were not associated with EBV acquisition in infants 0-12 months, novel G6PD variants were discovered in the population from western Kenya. To establish that the known and novel hemoglobinopathies, and in utero MSP-2 exposure do not confer susceptibility to EBV, future studies with larger sample sizes from multiple sites adopting genome-wide analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perez K Olewe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
| | - Shehu Shagari Awandu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Elly O Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health Biomedical Science and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Asito S Amolo
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics, and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Sidney Ogola
- Kenya Medical Research Institute - CGHR, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Erick Ndenga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Clinton O Onyango
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
| | | | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya
- Center for Global Health, Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Collins Ouma
- University of New Mexico-Kenyan Global Health Programs Laboratories, Kisumu and Siaya, New Mexico, Kenya.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.
- Research and Innovations, Maseno University, Kisumu-Busia Road Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya.
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Yaokreh JB, Thomas HA, Ekobo PC, Kouamé GSY, Kouamé BD, Ouattara O. Haematogenous osteoarticular infections in paediatric sickle cell trait patients: A reality in a tertiary centre in West Africa. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2021; 18:62-66. [PMID: 33595545 PMCID: PMC8109757 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_114_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell trait (SCT) affects at least 5.2% of the world population, and it is considered asymptomatic by medical practitioners. There is a paucity of data regarding SCT paediatric patients and haematogenous osteoarticular infections (HOAIs). In our practice, some children with SCT presented HOAIs. This study aims to describe the pattern of HOAIs in children with SCT admitted in our unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-centre retrospective study of medical records of SCT paediatric patients treated for HOAIs between January 2012 and June 2019 was performed. The data extracted were epidemiologic (gender, age at diagnosis, history of haemoglobinopathy and ethnic group), diagnostic (time to diagnosis, type of infection and fraction of haemoglobin S [HbS] at standard electrophoresis of Hb), germs and complications. RESULTS Among 149 patients with haemoglobinopathy treated for HOAIs, 52 have SCT. The prevalence of SCT patients was 34.9%. Thirty-nine (n = 39) records were retained for the study. The average age at diagnosis was 7.18 ± 4.59 years (7 months-15 years). The Malinké ethnic group was found in 22 (56.4%) cases. The mean HbS fraction was 37.2% ± 4.3% (30%-46%). Septic arthritis and osteoarthritis involved the hip in 11 cases, the shoulder in 4 and the knee in 2. Osteomyelitis was acute in 5 cases (11.1%) and chronic in 16 (35.5%). None of the patients has multifocal involvements. Bacterial identification was positive in 17 cases (37.8%). Staphylococcus aureus was involved in 9 cases (52.9%), and in one case, it was Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This patient has abscess of the psoas. No patient was infected by human immunodeficiency virus. The sequelae were joint destruction (n = 2), epiphysiodesis (n = 5) and retractile scars (n = 2). CONCLUSION Relatively infrequent in our daily practice, SCT patients present with HOAIs. These infections had characteristics that are not very different from the series of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ossénou Ouattara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Lenahan C, Huang L, Travis ZD, Zhang JH. Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) and the modifiable risk factors of stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 32922929 PMCID: PMC7398188 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked or ruptured, consequently leading to deficits in neurological function. Stroke consistently ranked as one of the top causes of mortality, and with the mean age of incidence decreasing, there is renewed interest to seek novel therapeutic treatments. The Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a multifunctional protein found on the surface of a variety of cells. Research has found that that SR-B1 primarily functions in an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic capacity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of SR-B1 and focus on its potential correlation with the modifiable risk factors of stroke. SR-B1 likely has an impact on stroke through its interaction with smoking, diabetes mellitus, diet, physical inactivity, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and sickle cell disease, all of which are critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
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