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Li Y, Xiong Z, Jiang WL, Tian D, Zhou H, Hou Q, Xiao L, Zhang M, Huang L, Zhong L, Zhou L, Zeng GG. An innovative viewpoint on the existing and prospectiveness of SR-B1. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102226. [PMID: 38040207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1), a receptor protein expressed on the cell membrane, plays a crucial role in the metabolism and transport of cholesterol and other lipids, contributing significantly to the homeostasis of lipid levels within the body. Bibliometric analysis involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to quantitatively analyze different types of documents. It involves the analysis of structural and temporal trends in scholarly articles, coupled with the identification of subject emphasis and variations. Through a bibliometric analysis, this study examines the historical background, current research trends, and future directions in the exploration of SR-B1. By offering insights into the research status and development of SR-B1, this paper aims to assist researchers in identifying novel pathways and areas of investigation in this field of study. Following the screening process, it can be concluded that research on SR-B1 has consistently remained a topic of significant interest over the past 17 years. Interestingly, SR-B1 has recently garnered attention in areas beyond its traditional research focus, including the field of cancer. The primary objective of this review is to provide a concise and accessible overview of the development process of SR-B1 that can help readers who are not well-versed in SR-B1 research quickly grasp its key aspects. Furthermore, this review aims to offer insights and suggestions to researchers regarding potential future research directions and areas of emphasis relating to SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haiyou Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lianping Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Gui Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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2
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Bristow CL. Lipoproteins in Negative Feedback with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2750:167-174. [PMID: 38108976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3605-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency patients (AATD) have lower risk of myocardial infarction, a cardiovascular disease that is related to increased remnant cholesterol levels, but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. However, when AAT is knocked out in mice (AAT-KO), inflammatory-related, cholesterol metabolism-related, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in mouse liver was increased, and these data support previous evidence from clinic patients and from a small clinical trial that AAT is in negative feedback regulation with LDL. Herein is a brief summary to examine the roles of AAT in these overlapping pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Bristow
- Alpha-1 Biologics, Long Island High Technology Incubator, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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3
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Ashkar R, Khattib A, Musa S, Goldberg D, Khatib S. PON1 has palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) activity, and can affect the presence of SR-B1 on the endothelial cell membrane. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 38135490 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and is then transported by HDL to the peripheral tissues. The lipophilic nature of PON1 enables its easy exchange between the lipoprotein and cell membranes in a process that is dependent on the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1). In endothelial cells, PON1 binding to the cell membrane leads to its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. PON1 is a "promiscuous" enzyme with unusually broad substrate specificity in vitro, but its actual function and substrate are still unknown. The enzyme requires a lipid environment and becomes completely inactive upon delipidation. However, when PON1 binds HDL, its active site faces the lipoprotein's core and is inaccessible to external substrates. Hence, the HDL-bound PON1 is inactive toward substrates outside the particle's lipid core and is rapidly degraded and becomes inactive upon internalization. Consequently, the enzyme is only active in the cell membrane during its transit from HDL to the cytoplasm. To assign a function to PON1, we investigated whether it is a palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) that can hydrolyze the palmitoyl moieties of membrane proteins involved in HDL and cholesterol transport, such as SR-B1, ABCA1, or their neighboring caveola proteins to facilitate the release of HDL or trigger its endocytosis. This study shows that PON1 can hydrolyze palmitoyl-cysteine thioester bonds in vitro, has direct or indirect PPT activity in vivo, and can significantly decrease the presence of SR-B1 in the endothelial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ashkar
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Ali Khattib
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sanaa Musa
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Doron Goldberg
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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4
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Weinberg PD. Receptor-mediated vs fluid-phase transcytosis of LDL. Atherosclerosis 2023; 378:117166. [PMID: 37402599 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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5
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Thomas LD, Ramkumar S, Golczak M, von Lintig J. Genetic deletion of Bco2 and Isx establishes a golden mouse model for carotenoid research. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101742. [PMID: 37225015 PMCID: PMC10250156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low plasma levels of carotenoids are associated with mortality and chronic disease states. Genetic studies in animals revealed that the tissue accumulation of these dietary pigments is associated with the genes encoding β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) and the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). Here we examined in mice how BCO2 and SR-B1 affect the metabolism of the model carotenoid zeaxanthin that serves as a macular pigment in the human retina. METHODS We used mice with a lacZ reporter gene knock-in to determine Bco2 expression patterns in the small intestine. By genetic dissection, we studied the contribution of BCO2 and SR-B1 to zeaxanthin uptake homeostasis and tissue accumulation under different supply conditions (50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg). We determined the metabolic profiles of zeaxanthin and its metabolites in different tissues by LC-MS using standard and chiral columns. An albino Isx-/-/Bco2-/- mouse homozygous for Tyrc-2J was generated to study the effect of light on ocular zeaxanthin metabolites. RESULTS We demonstrate that BCO2 is highly expressed in enterocytes of the small intestine. Genetic deletion of Bco2 led to enhanced accumulation of zeaxanthin, indicating that the enzyme serves as a gatekeeper of zeaxanthin bioavailability. Relaxing the regulation of SR-B1 expression in enterocytes by genetic deletion of the transcription factor ISX further enhanced zeaxanthin accumulation in tissues. We observed that the absorption of zeaxanthin was dose-dependent and identified the jejunum as the major zeaxanthin-absorbing intestinal region. We further showed that zeaxanthin underwent oxidation to ε,ε-3,3'-carotene-dione in mouse tissues. We detected all three enantiomers of the zeaxanthin oxidation product whereas the parent zeaxanthin only existed as (3R, 3'R)-enantiomer in the diet. The ratio of oxidized to parent zeaxanthin varied between tissues and was dependent on the supplementation dose. We further showed in an albino Isx-/-/Bco2-/- mouse that supra-physiological supplementation doses (250 mg/kg) with zeaxanthin rapidly induced hypercarotenemia with a golden skin phenotype and that light stress increased the concentration of oxidized zeaxanthin in the eyes. CONCLUSIONS We established the biochemical basis of zeaxanthin metabolism in mice and showed that tissue factors and abiotic stress affect the metabolism and homeostasis of this dietary lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Srinivasagan Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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6
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Lemus Silva EG, Delgadillo Y, White RE, Lucin KM. Beclin 1 regulates astrocyte phagocytosis and phagosomal recruitment of retromer. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102100. [PMID: 37182392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis plays an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis and when impaired can result in the accumulation of unwanted cellular material. While microglia are traditionally considered the phagocytes of the brain, astrocytes are also capable of phagocytosis and are the most numerous cells in the brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), astrocytes can be found surrounding β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques yet they seem unable to eliminate these deposits, suggesting phagocytosis may be impaired in AD. Mechanisms that might diminish astrocyte phagocytosis in AD are currently unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the autophagy protein beclin 1, which is reduced in AD, plays a role in regulating astrocyte phagocytosis. Specifically, we show that reducing beclin 1 in C6 astrocytes impairs the phagocytosis of latex beads, reduces retromer levels, and impairs retromer recruitment to the phagosomal membrane. Furthermore, we show that these beclin 1-mediated changes are accompanied by reduced expression of the phagocytic receptor Scavenger Receptor Class B type I (SR-BI). Collectively, these findings suggest a critical role for the protein beclin 1 in both receptor trafficking and receptor-mediated phagocytosis in astrocytes. Moreover, these findings provide insight into mechanisms by which astrocytes may become impaired in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin E White
- Westfield State University, Westfield, MA 01086, USA
| | - Kurt M Lucin
- Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA.
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7
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Zheng M, Guo Y, Li W, Wu M, Xu M, Shao M, He G, Liu Y. Medium Chain Triglycerides Promote the Uptake of β-Carotene in O/W Emulsions via Intestinal Transporter SR-B1 in Caco-2 Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9377-9387. [PMID: 35861437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of carrier oil types (long chain triglycerides (LCT), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and orange oil (indigestible oil)) on the micellization and cellular uptake of β-carotene (BC) formulated in O/W emulsions, with an emphasis on the role of intestinal transporters. The micellization and cellular uptake of BC in the gastrointestinal tract were evaluated via an in vitro digestion model and a Caco-2 cell monolayer. And the interactions between lipids and intestinal transporters were monitored by nontargeted lipidomics, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The BC micellization rates followed a decreasing trend in emulsions: corn oil (69.47 ± 4.19%) > MCT (22.22 ± 0.89%) > orange oil (11.01 ± 2.86%), whereas the cellular uptake rate of BC was significantly higher in MCT emulsion (56.30 ± 20.13%) than in corn oil emulsion (14.01 ± 1.04%, p < 0.05). The knockdown of SR-B1 led to a 31.63% loss of BC cellular uptake from MCT micelles but had no effect on corn oil micelles. Lipidomics and transporter analysis revealed that TG (10:0/10:0/12:0) and TG (10:0/12:0/12:0) might be the fingerprint lipids that promoted the cellular absorption of BC-MCT micelles via stimulating the mRNA expression of SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengman Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Nutriology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingjing Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Manman Shao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Takeshima M, Ogihara MH, Kataoka H. Characterization and functional analysis of Bm SR-B1 for phytosterol uptake. Steroids 2022; 184:109039. [PMID: 35588900 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insects cannot synthesize sterols, such as cholesterol, and require sterols in their diet. Phytophagous insects use dietary phytosterols as a source of cholesterol. Sterols are transported from the midgut by the insect lipoprotein, lipophorin (Lp), although mechanisms for uptake of phytosterols into tissues are unclear. This study characterizes Scavenger Receptor class B type1 (SR-B1) from Bombyx mori (BmSR-B1) as molecules related to phytosterol uptake. According to sterol quantification using LC-MS/MS analysis, the midgut and fat body were phytosterol-rich relative to cholesterol-rich brain and prothoracic glands. Gene expression analysis of Bmsr-b1 in silkworm tissues showed that the genes Bmsr-b1_2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 were expressed in the midgut and fat body. To characterize the function of BmSR-B1, 11 BmSR-B1 homologs expressed in Bombyx ovary-derived BmN cells and Drosophila melanogaster embryo-derived Schneider 2 (S2) cells were incubated with purified Lp. Our analysis showed that BmSR-B1_3 induced the accumulation of campesterol and BmSR-B1_4 induced the accumulation of β-sitosterol and campesterol in culture cells. BmSR-B1 incorporated specific phytosterols into insect cells by selective uptake across the cell membrane where BmSR-B1 was localized. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that one function of BmSR-B1 is the uptake of phytosterols into silkworm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takeshima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Mari H Ogihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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9
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Jennelle LT, Magoro T, Angelucci AR, Dandekar A, Hahn YS. Hepatitis C Virus Alters Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Through Interaction with Scavenger Receptors. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:223-235. [PMID: 35467430 PMCID: PMC9063163 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation and inflammation act together to induce, sustain, and further development of chronic liver disease. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces metabolic and immune changes in liver macrophages, promoting lipid accumulation and inflammation that synergize and culminate in the development of steatohepatitis and fibrogenesis. Chronic HCV patients have increased liver macrophages with disruptions in cholesterol metabolism and alterations in inflammatory mediators. While HCV-induced changes in inflammatory mediators are well documented, how HCV triggers metabolic change in macrophages is unknown. In this report, we examined the mechanism of macrophage sensing of HCV to cause metabolic impairment and subsequent immune dysfunction. We demonstrate that HCV protein and RNA kinetics in macrophages are distinct from hepatocytes. In macrophages, HCV RNAs and protein accumulate rapidly after exposure but internalized RNAs quickly decline to a low-level set point. Notably, exposure of macrophages to HCV resulted in increased lipids and cholesterol and activation of cholesterol-sensing, immunomodulatory liver X receptors (LXRs). Furthermore, we provide evidence that HCV RNA accumulation in macrophages occurs through scavenging receptors. These results suggest that HCV released from infected hepatocytes stimulates accumulation of lipids and activation of LXR in macrophages contributing to metabolic changes involved in HCV-induced chronic liver disease. Our results provide novel insight into mechanisms through which impaired lipid metabolism in macrophages associated with HCV infection promotes development of liver steatohepatitis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T. Jennelle
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tshifhiwa Magoro
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Angelina R. Angelucci
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Aditya Dandekar
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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10
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Rong T, Wei B, Ao M, Zhao H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Zhou J, Zhou F, Chen Y. Enhanced Anti-Atherosclerotic Efficacy of pH-Responsively Releasable Ganglioside GM3 Delivered by Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413624. [PMID: 34948420 PMCID: PMC8704253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the atheroprotective role of endogenous GM3 and an atherogenesis-inhibiting effect of exogenous GM3 suggested a possibility of exogenous GM3 being recruited as an anti-atherosclerotic drug. This study seeks to endow exogenous GM3 with atherosclerotic targetability via reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL), an atherosclerotic targeting drug nanocarrier. Unloaded rHDL, rHDL loaded with exogenous GM3 at a low concentration (GM3L-rHDL), and rHDL carrying GM3 at a relatively high concentration (GM3H-rHDL) were prepared and characterized. The inhibitory effect of GM3-rHDL on lipid deposition in macrophages was confirmed, and GM3-rHDL did not affect the survival of red blood cells. In vivo experiments using ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet further confirmed the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of exogenous GM3 and demonstrated that GM3 packed in HDL nanoparticles (GM3-rHDL) has an enhanced anti-atherosclerotic efficacy and a reduced effective dose of GM3. Then, the macrophage- and atherosclerotic plaque-targeting abilities of GM3-rHD, most likely via the interaction of ApoA-I on GM3-rHDL with its receptors (e.g., SR-B1) on cells, were certified via a microsphere-based method and an aortic fragment-based method, respectively. Moreover, we found that solution acidification enhanced GM3 release from GM3-rHDL nanoparticles, implying the pH-responsive GM3 release when GM3-rHDL enters the acidic atherosclerotic plaques from the neutral blood. The rHDL-mediated atherosclerotic targetability and pH-responsive GM3 release of GM3-rHDL enhanced the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of exogenous GM3. The development of the GM3-rHDL nanoparticle may help with the application of exogenous GM3 as a clinical drug. Moreover, the data imply that the GM3-rHDL nanoparticle has the potential of being recruited as a drug nanocarrier with atherosclerotic targetability and enhanced anti-atherosclerotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Rong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.R.); (B.W.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.R.); (B.W.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.)
| | - Meiying Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330025, China;
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ying Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.R.); (B.W.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fenfen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.R.); (B.W.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.R.); (B.W.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-791-8396-9963
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11
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Liao J, Bai J, An X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Huang W, Xia Y. Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy-Like Lesions in Atherosclerotic Mice Defected With HDL Receptor SR-B1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:734824. [PMID: 34692787 PMCID: PMC8531488 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.734824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) homeostasis is important in maintaining both cardiovascular and renal health. Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), the major HDL receptor in mammals, plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport and HDL metabolism. Evidence from mouse study has well demonstrated that HDL disorders caused by Srb1 inactivation accelerate atherosclerosis and even induce lethal cardiovascular diseases. However, the renal consequences of Srb1 dysfunction are still unknown. Here we explored this issue in both Srb1 knockout (Srb1-/-) mice and atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice with Srb1 deletion. Our data showed that no apparent renal damage was observed in 5-month-old Srb1-/- mice fed on standard rodent chow diet as well as Srb1-/- mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. However, 5-month-old Srb1/Ldlr-/- mice fed on rodent chow had increased urinary albumin excretion and developed spontaneous intraglomerular Oil-red O (ORO)-positive lipoprotein deposition that is similar to lesions observed in human lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG). HFD feeding accelerated LPG-like lesions in Srb1/Ldlr-/- mice, inducing severe proteinuria and significantly promoting intraglomerular ORO-positive lipoprotein deposition. Interestingly, probucol reversed HFD-induced HDL disorders and almost fully abrogated LPG-like lesions in Srb1/Ldlr-/- mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that SR-B1 dysfunction leads to LPG-like lesions in atherosclerotic mice, which could be rescued by probucol. SR-B1 loss-of-function mutant carriers therefore might be susceptible to developing metabolic nephropathy in addition to cardiovascular diseases, and probucol might be a potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Department of Interventional Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Tello Rubio B, Bugault F, Baudon B, Raynal B, Brûlé S, Morel JD, Saint-Auret S, Blanchard N, Demangel C, Guenin-Macé L. Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Circulation and Cellular Uptake of Mycobacterium ulcerans Toxin Mycolactone. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733496. [PMID: 34603049 PMCID: PMC8481864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a diffusible lipid toxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer disease. Altough bacterially derived mycolactone has been shown to traffic from cutaneous foci of infection to the bloodstream, the mechanisms underpinning its access to systemic circulation and import by host cells remain largely unknown. Using biophysical and cell-based approaches, we demonstrate that mycolactone specific association to serum albumin and lipoproteins is necessary for its solubilization and is a major mechanism to regulate its bioavailability. We also demonstrate that Scavenger Receptor (SR)-B1 contributes to the cellular uptake of mycolactone. Overall, we suggest a new mechanism of transport and cell entry, challenging the dogma that the toxin enters host cells via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tello Rubio
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Florence Bugault
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Baudon
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, UMR 3528 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Brûlé
- Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, UMR 3528 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Saint-Auret
- CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Mulhouse, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Mulhouse, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laure Guenin-Macé
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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13
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Abstract
The transmissible respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide since its first reported outbreak in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, multiple studies have shown an inverse correlation between the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the severity of COVID-19, with low HDL levels being associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes. Some studies revealed that HDL binds to SARS-CoV-2 particles via the virus's spike protein and, under certain conditions, such as low HDL particle concentrations, it facilitates SARS-CoV-2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and infection of host cells. Other studies, however, reported that HDL suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In both cases, the ability of HDL to enhance or suppress virus infection appears to be dependent on the expression of the HDL receptor, namely, the Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1), in the target cells. SR-B1 and HDL represent crucial mediators of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we review the complex role of HDL and SR-B1 in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. We also review recent advances in our understanding of HDL structure, properties, and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resulting COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; (G.E.G.K.); (J.-A.Y.); (E.H.S.)
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14
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Karimi N, Karami Tehrani FS. Expression of SR-B1 receptor in breast cancer cell lines, MDAMB-468 and MCF-7: Effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:1069-1077. [PMID: 34804424 PMCID: PMC8591767 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56752.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary for proliferation of several cells. The growth of many kinds of cells, such as breast cancer cells (BCC) is motivated by HDL. Cellular uptake of cholesterol from HDL which increases cell growth is facilitated by scavenger receptors of the B class (SR-BI). The proliferative effect of HDL might be mediated by this receptor. It is also believed that HDL has an anti-apoptotic effect on various cell types and promotes cell growth. This study was designed to investigate SR-BI expression, proliferation and apoptotic effect of HDL on human BCC lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time-PCR method was used to evaluate expression of SR-BI, and cholesterol concentration was measured using a cholesterol assay kits (Pars AZ moon, Karaj, Iran). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT test. To identify cell apoptosis, the annexin V-FITC staining test and caspase-9 activity assay were applied. RESULTS Treatment of both cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) with HDL results in augmentation of SR-BI mRNA expression and also elevation of the intracellular cholesterol (P<0.01). HDL induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and prevented activation of caspase-9 (P<0.05). We also demonstrated that inhibition of SR-B1 by BLT-1 could reduce cell proliferation, and induction of SR-B1 receptor by quercetin increased HDL-induced proliferation in both cell lines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that alteration in HDL levels by SR-B1 activator (Quercetin) or inhibitor (BLT-1) may affect BCC growth and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamat Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soghra Karami Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Ötjengerdes R, Sheldon J, Schulte B, Carriquí-Madroñal B, Brogden G, Arroyo-Fernández LM, Vondran FWR, Maasoumy B, von Hahn T, Gerold G. Interdependent Impact of Lipoprotein Receptors and Lipid-Lowering Drugs on HCV Infectivity. Cells 2021; 10:1626. [PMID: 34209751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HCV replication cycle is tightly associated with host lipid metabolism: Lipoprotein receptors SR-B1 and LDLr promote entry of HCV, replication is associated with the formation of lipid-rich membranous organelles and infectious particle assembly highjacks the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretory pathway. Hence, medications that interfere with the lipid metabolism of the cell, such as statins, may affect HCV infection. Here, we study the interplay between lipoprotein receptors, lipid homeostasis, and HCV infection by genetic and pharmacological interventions. We found that individual ablation of the lipoprotein receptors SR-B1 and LDLr did not drastically affect HCV entry, replication, or infection, but double lipoprotein receptor knock-outs significantly reduced HCV infection. Furthermore, we could show that this effect was neither due to altered expression of additional HCV entry factors nor caused by changes in cellular cholesterol content. Strikingly, whereas lipid-lowering drugs such as simvastatin or fenofibrate did not affect HCV entry or infection of immortalized hepatoma cells expressing SR-B1 and/or LDLr or primary human hepatocytes, ablation of these receptors rendered cells more susceptible to these drugs. Finally, we observed no significant differences between statin users and control groups with regards to HCV viral load in a cohort of HCV infected patients before and during HCV antiviral treatment. Interestingly, statin treatment, which blocks the mevalonate pathway leading to decreased cholesterol levels, was associated with mild but appreciable lower levels of liver damage markers before HCV therapy. Overall, our findings confirm the role of lipid homeostasis in HCV infection and highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway in the HCV replication cycle.
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16
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Jiang T, Diao X, Ding M, Niu X, Wang C, Qi Y, Jia W, Pang L, Hu W, Zou H, Li F. SR-B1 and CD10 combined immunoprofile for differential diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:539-544. [PMID: 33608777 PMCID: PMC8128737 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCOC) have a clear cytoplasmic morphological feature, hence it is difficult to identify metastatic ccRCC and CCOC by morphology alone. At present, there are no effective immunohistochemical markers to distinguish between these two tumors. Studies have shown that the clear cytoplasm of ccRCC is mainly caused by cholesterol-rich lipids in the cytoplasm, while that of CCOC is due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic glycogen. OBJECTIVE to hypothesize that the scavenger receptor class B-type 1 (SR-B1) protein responsible for HDL cholesterol uptake may be differentially expressed in ccRCC and CCOC, and high CD10 expression in the renal tubular epithelium may assist in distinguishing between ccRCC and CCOC. METHODS effective immunohistochemical markers were applied in 90 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and 31 cases of ovarian cancer to distinguish between the two types of tumors. RESULT SR-B1 and CD10 expression is significantly higher in ccRCC than CCOC. Both SR-B1 and CD10 exhibited focal weak-medium intensity staining in CCOC, and their staining extent and intensity were significantly lower than ccRCC. The sensitivity and specificity of SR-B1 for identifying ccRCC were 74.4% and 83.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CD10 for identifying CCOC were 93.3% and 80.6%, respectively. The combined SR-B1( +) CD10( +) immunoprofile supports the diagnosis of ccRCC with a specificity of 93.5%. The combined SR-B1(-) CD10(-) immunoprofile supports the diagnosis of CCOC with a specificity of 93.3%. CONCLUSIONS our findings demonstrate that the combination of SR-B1 and CD10 immunoprofiling is a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of ccRCC and CCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoli Diao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Meili Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Xiao Niu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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17
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Rivera K, Quiñones V, Amigo L, Santander N, Salas-Pérez F, Xavier A, Fernández-Galilea M, Carrasco G, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Busso D, Andia ME, Rigotti A. Lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 deficiency enhances adipose tissue inflammation and reduces susceptibility to hepatic steatosis during diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158909. [PMID: 33631309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a membrane lipoprotein receptor/lipid transporter involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but its role in obesity and fatty liver development is unclear. Here, we determined the effects of SR-B1 deficiency on plasma metabolic and inflammatory parameters as well as fat deposition in adipose tissue and liver during obesity. To induce obesity, we performed high-fat diet (HFD) exposure for 12 weeks in male SR-B1 knock-out (SR-B1-/-, n = 14) and wild-type (WT, n = 12) mice. Compared to HFD-fed WT mice, plasma from HFD-fed SR-B1-/- animals exhibited increased total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In addition, hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage-containing crown-like structures (CLS) were observed in adipose tissue from HFD-fed SR-B1 deficient mice. Remarkably, liver from obese SR-B1-/- mice showed attenuated TG content, dysregulation in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) expression, increased hepatic TG secretion, and altered hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition. In conclusion, we show that SR-B1 deficiency alters the metabolic environment of obese mice through modulation of liver and adipose tissue lipid accumulation. Our findings provide the basis for further elucidation of SR-B1's role in obesity and fatty liver, two major public health issues that increase the risk of advanced chronic diseases and overall mortality.
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Liu R, Liu L, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Qu YF, Guo Z, Hu Z. The adaptor protein GIPC1 stabilizes the scavenger receptor SR-B1 and increases its cholesterol uptake. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100616. [PMID: 33811857 PMCID: PMC8093464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol and cholesterol ester (CE) into cells. SR-B1 is subject to posttranslational regulation; however, the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure. Here, we identified a novel SR-B1-interacting protein, GIPC1 (GAIP-interacting protein, C terminus 1) that interacts with SR-B1 and stabilizes SR-B1 by negative regulation of its proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. The physiological interaction between SR-B1 and GIPC1 was supported by co-immunoprecipitation of wild-type and mutant GIPC1 constructs in SR-B1 ± GIPC1 overexpressing cells, in native liver cells, and in mouse liver tissues. Overexpression of GIPC1 increased endogenous SR-B1 protein levels, subsequently increasing selective HDL-cholesterol/CE uptake and cellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, whereas silencing of GIPC1 in the mouse liver was associated with blunted hepatic SR-B1 levels, elevated plasma TG and TC, and attenuated hepatic TG and TC content. A positive correlation was identified between GIPC1 and SR-B1 expression, and both expressions of GIPC1 and SR-B1 from human liver samples were inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) from human subjects. We therefore conclude that GIPC1 plays a key role in the stability and function of SR-B1 and can also effectively regulate hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism. These findings expand our knowledge of the regulatory roles of GIPC1 and suggest that GIPC1 exerts a major effect on cell surface receptors such as SR-B1 and its associated hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Galle-Treger L, Moreau M, Ballaire R, Poupel L, Huby T, Sasso E, Troise F, Poti F, Lesnik P, Le Goff W, Gautier EL, Huby T. Targeted invalidation of SR-B1 in macrophages reduces macrophage apoptosis and accelerates atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:554-565. [PMID: 31119270 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS SR-B1 is a cholesterol transporter that exerts anti-atherogenic properties in liver and peripheral tissues in mice. Bone marrow (BM) transfer studies suggested an atheroprotective role in cells of haematopoietic origin. Here, we addressed the specific contribution of SR-B1 in the monocyte/macrophage. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated mice deficient for SR-B1 in monocytes/macrophages (Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f) and transplanted their BM into Ldlr-/- mice. Fed a cholesterol-rich diet, these mice displayed accelerated aortic atherosclerosis characterized by larger macrophage-rich areas and decreased macrophage apoptosis compared with SR-B1f/f transplanted controls. These findings were reproduced in BM transfer studies using another atherogenic mouse recipient (SR-B1 KOliver × Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Haematopoietic reconstitution with SR-B1-/- BM conducted in parallel generated similar results to those obtained with Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f BM; thus suggesting that among haematopoietic-derived cells, SR-B1 exerts its atheroprotective role primarily in monocytes/macrophages. Consistent with our in vivo data, free cholesterol (FC)-induced apoptosis of macrophages was diminished in the absence of SR-B1. This effect could not be attributed to differential cellular cholesterol loading. However, we observed that expression of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) was induced in SR-B1-deficient macrophages, and notably upon FC-loading. Furthermore, we demonstrated that macrophages were protected from FC-induced apoptosis by AIM. Finally, AIM protein was found more present within the macrophage-rich area of the atherosclerotic lesions of SR-B1-deficient macrophages than controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that macrophage SR-B1 plays a role in plaque growth by controlling macrophage apoptosis in an AIM-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Moreau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Lucie Poupel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.R.L, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvia Troise
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.R.L, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Poti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
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20
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Wainwright L, Hargreaves IP, Georgian AR, Turner C, Dalton RN, Abbott NJ, Heales SJR, Preston JE. CoQ 10 Deficient Endothelial Cell Culture Model for the Investigation of CoQ 10 Blood-Brain Barrier Transport. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103236. [PMID: 33050406 PMCID: PMC7601674 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is unique among mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in that it is potentially treatable if high-dose CoQ10 supplements are given in the early stages of the disease. While supplements improve peripheral abnormalities, neurological symptoms are only partially or temporarily ameliorated. The reasons for this refractory response to CoQ10 supplementation are unclear, however, a contributory factor may be the poor transfer of CoQ10 across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms of CoQ10 transport across the BBB, using normal and pathophysiological (CoQ10 deficient) cell culture models. The study identifies lipoprotein-associated CoQ10 transcytosis in both directions across the in vitro BBB. Uptake via SR-B1 (Scavenger Receptor) and RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts), is matched by efflux via LDLR (Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor) transporters, resulting in no "net" transport across the BBB. In the CoQ10 deficient model, BBB tight junctions were disrupted and CoQ10 "net" transport to the brain side increased. The addition of anti-oxidants did not improve CoQ10 uptake to the brain side. This study is the first to generate in vitro BBB endothelial cell models of CoQ10 deficiency, and the first to identify lipoprotein-associated uptake and efflux mechanisms regulating CoQ10 distribution across the BBB. The results imply that the uptake of exogenous CoQ10 into the brain might be improved by the administration of LDLR inhibitors, or by interventions to stimulate luminal activity of SR-B1 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wainwright
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UA, UK
| | - Ana R. Georgian
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (A.R.G.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Charles Turner
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK; (C.T.); (R.N.D.)
| | - R. Neil Dalton
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK; (C.T.); (R.N.D.)
| | - N. Joan Abbott
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (A.R.G.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Simon J. R. Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Jane E. Preston
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (A.R.G.); (N.J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-848-4881
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Oksal E, Pangestika I, Muhammad TST, Mohamad H, Amir H, Kassim MNI, Andriani Y. In vitro and in vivo studies of nanoparticles of chitosan- Pandanus tectorius fruit extract as new alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia via Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1263-1275. [PMID: 33132720 PMCID: PMC7584805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandanus tectorius fruit, a natural product rich in tangeretin and ethyl caffeate, has been reported to have potential as anti-hypercholesterolemia agent via Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) pathway. However, due to its semi-polar properties, P. tectorius extract exhibits poor solubility when used as a medical remedy. The extract’s solubility can potentially be improved through a synthesis of nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract. This can also increase the extract’s SR-B1 gene expression activity. To date, no studies of nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract and its pathway via SR-B1 have been published anywhere. In this study, cytotoxicity properties against HepG2 were explored by MTT. Then luciferase assay was used to detect their effectiveness in increasing SR-B1 activity. An in vivo study using Sprague dawley was carried out to observe the extract nanoparticles’ effectiveness in reducing the cholesterol levels and the toxicity property in rat’s liver. As the results showed, the extract nanoparticles had no cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells and exhibited higher SR-B1 gene expression activity than the non-nanoparticle form. As the in vivo study proved, nanoparticle treatment can reduce the levels of TC (197%), LDL (360%), and TG (109%), as well as increase the level of HDL cholesterol by 150%, in comparison to those for the untreated high-cholesterol diet group. From the toxicity study, it was found that there was non-toxicity in the liver. It can be concluded that nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract successfully increased P. tectorius fruit extract’s effectiveness in reducing hypercholesterolemia via SR-B1 pathway. Hence, it can be suggested that nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract is safe and suitable as an alternative treatment for controlling hypercholesterolemia via SR-B1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efriyana Oksal
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Inten Pangestika
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Management Center, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hermansyah Amir
- Educational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
| | - Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Lizunov AV, Okunevich IV, Lebedev AA, Bychkov ER, Piotrovskiy LB, Shabanov PD. [Molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotector cramizol effect in the experimental dyslipidemia model]. Biomed Khim 2020; 66:326-331. [PMID: 32893822 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206604326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tested drug cramizol exhibits lipid-lowering and anti-atherogenic effects. Cramizol reduces blood cholesterol and triglycerides. It also increases HDL and reduces the atherogenic index in rats with the chronic dyslipidemia model induced by a hypercholesterol diet. Cramizol is effective as a hypolipidemic agent and its efficiency is comparable with the reference drug, phenofibrate. Cramizol increases expression of the ApoA1 and ApoC2 genes, and also reduces expression of the Scarb1 gene in rats with experimentally induced hyperlipidemia. These mechanisms could be the basis of its hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Lizunov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; St Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Okunevich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Lebedev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E R Bychkov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - P D Shabanov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Jamalzei B, Karami Tehrani FS, Atri M. Evaluation of LDL receptor and Scavenger Receptor, Class B, Type 1 in the malignant and benign breast tumors: The correlation with the expression of miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p and miR-455-5p. Gene 2020; 749:144720. [PMID: 32360840 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of present study was to examine the correlations of LDL (LDLR) and HDL (SR-B1) receptors with lipoproteins, miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-455-5p in the malignant and benign breast tumors. METHODS Total cholesterol-rich-lipoproteins and the receptors were determined using enzymatic-homogeneous and ELISA methods. The expression levels of miRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Receptor expressions and lipoproteins concentration were significantly higher in the malignant tumors (p < 0.05). Positive correlation was found for LDLR with Ki67% and Her2+. HDL-C content of TNBC tumors was higher than those of Non-TNBC (p < 0.05). The expression level of miR-199a-5p was found to be downregulated significantly in the malignant tumors of <2 cm, TNBC, HER2- or stage3. The expression of miR-199b-5p was downregulated in the malignant tumors and was negatively associated with TNBC, stage and Her2+. The expression of miR-455-5p was significantly correlated with Her2- (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for SR-B1 or LDLR with HDL-C or LDL-C and also for SR-B1 with LDLR, although a reverse association was detected for the expression of miR-199b-5p with LDLR in the malignant tumors (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found for miR-199a-5p or miR-455-5p with LDLR or SR-B1 expressions and also for LDL-C and SR-B1 with clinicopathological features (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms potentially involved in the present findings may be due to the lipid internalization and lipoprotein consumption through LDLR and SR-B1 over expression. It is noteworthy that the expression of miR-199b-5p is negatively correlated with LDLR which may suggest it as a suppressor for LDLR expression in the breast cancer.
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von Lintig J, Moon J, Babino D. Molecular components affecting ocular carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100864. [PMID: 32339666 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of vision employs opsins and geometric isomerization of their covalently bound retinylidine chromophores. In different animal classes, these light receptors associate with distinct G proteins that either hyperpolarize or depolarize photoreceptor membranes. Vertebrates also use the acidic form of chromophore, retinoic acid, as the ligand of nuclear hormone receptors that orchestrate eye development. To establish and sustain these processes, animals must acquire carotenoids from the diet, transport them, and metabolize them to chromophore and retinoic acid. The understanding of carotenoid metabolism, however, lagged behind our knowledge about the biology of their receptor molecules. In the past decades, much progress has been made in identifying the genes encoding proteins that mediate the transport and enzymatic transformations of carotenoids and their retinoid metabolites. Comparative analysis in different animal classes revealed how evolutionary tinkering with a limited number of genes evolved different biochemical strategies to supply photoreceptors with chromophore. Mutations in these genes impair carotenoid metabolism and induce various ocular pathologies. This review summarizes this advancement and introduces the involved proteins, including the homeostatic regulation of their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jean Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Darwin Babino
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nishida M, Takeno S, Takemoto K, Takahara D, Hamamoto T, Ishino T, Kawasumi T. Increased Tissue Expression of Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) Is Associated with Disease Severity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040246. [PMID: 32340234 PMCID: PMC7236656 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The oxidative stress, induced by both environmental and intrinsic stimuli, underlies the onset and persistency of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a broad family of transmembrane receptors involved in a dysfunctional host–environment interaction through a reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Objective: We hypothesized possible roles of two major SRs in CRS pathology that can translate to clinical phenotypes or histological subtypes: lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). Patients and Methods: We collected ethmoid sinus mucosa specimens and blood samples from patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; n = 31) or CRS without NP (CRSsNP; n = 13) and 19 control subjects. We performed an RT-PCR analysis, ELISA assay, and immunostaining to determine the expressions and distributions of LOX-1 and SR-B1. Results: The CRSwNP group showed a significant increase in LOX-1 mRNA expression compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in SR-B1 mRNA levels among the three groups. The LOX-1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with the sinus computed tomography (CT) scores. Sinus tissue, but not serum samples, showed elevated concentrations of LOX-1 protein in the CRSwNP group versus the control group. The LOX-1 protein distribution was localized in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial cells. Conclusion: LOX-1 is a major receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein produced by oxidative stress. This is the first study to report alterations in LOX-1 expression and production triggered by persistent inflammatory processes in CRSwNP patients. Our findings reveal complex but important roles for SRs that may contribute to the onset of different CRS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nishida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kohta Takemoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takao Hamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawasumi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Singh AB, Dong B, Kraemer FB, Liu J. FXR activation promotes intestinal cholesterol excretion and attenuates hyperlipidemia in SR-B1-deficient mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14387. [PMID: 32170842 PMCID: PMC7070099 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA) activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to lower circulating total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and to stimulate fecal cholesterol excretion in mice by increasing hepatic SR-B1 expression. Here we show that hepatic SR-B1 depletion by an adenovirus expressing Sr-b1 shRNA (Ad-shSR-B1) attenuated these beneficial effects of OCA in mice on a chow diet. The mRNA levels of ABC cholesterol transporter genes (Abca1, Abcg1, Abcg5, and Abcg8) were unchanged in the liver of hepatic SR-B1-depleted mice regardless of OCA treatment; however, a modest increase in Abca1, Abcg5, and Abcg8 mRNA levels was observed in the ileum of vehicle-treated control mice and Abca1 and Abcg8 mRNA levels were increased more by OCA administration. OCA treatment of Sr-b1 knock out (KO) mice (Sr-b1-/-) fed a normal chow diet (NCD) displayed a similar lack of transhepatic cholesterol movement, as well as a modest increase in the levels of ileum cholesterol transporter expression. However, OCA treatment of Sr-b1 KO mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet reduced circulating cholesterol and increased fecal cholesterol output to comparable degrees to that of wild-type (WT) mice, and these effects were accompanied by substantial elevations of mRNA levels of Abca1, Abcg1, Abcg5, and Abcg8 in the ileum of Sr-b1 KO mice. Our studies suggest that FXR activation stimulates intestinal cholesterol excretion and reduces diet-induced hyperlipidemia through increased expression of ileal cholesterol transporters when hepatic SR-B1-mediated cholesterol movement is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B. Singh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Bin Dong
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Fredric B. Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
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Kanasaki A, Iida T, Murao K, Shirouchi B, Sato M. D-Allulose enhances uptake of HDL-cholesterol into rat's primary hepatocyte via SR-B1. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:295-301. [PMID: 32086695 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is a rare sugar and a non-caloric sweetener. D-Allulose is reported to have several health benefits, such as suppressing a rise in postprandial glucose levels and preventing fat accumulation in rodents and humans. Additionally, low HDL-cholesterol levels post-D-allulose feeding were observed in humans but it is unclear how D-allulose decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. It is necessary to research the mechanism of HDL-cholesterol reduction by D-allulose ingestion because low HDL-cholesterol levels are known to associate with increased atherosclerosis risk. We therefore investigated the mechanism by which D-allulose lowers HDL-cholesterol using rat's primary hepatocytes. Sprague Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93G based diet containing 3% D-allulose for 2 weeks. Thereafter, primary hepatocytes were isolated by perfusion of collagenase. We measured the ability of HDL-cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes and the protein levels of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) as a HDL-cholesterol receptor. D-Allulose enhanced hepatocyte uptake of HDL-cholesterol, with a concurrent increase in hepatic SR-B1 protein levels. The results suggest that D-allulose enhances HDL-cholesterol uptake into the liver by increasing SR-B1 expression. It is estimated that HDL-cholesterol levels decreased accordingly. Since SR-B1 overexpression would decrease HDL-cholesterol levels, reportedly preventing atherosclerosis development, D-allulose could be a useful sweetener for atherosclerosis prevention.
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Wang M, Chao C, Luo G, Wang B, Zhan X, Di D, Qian Y, Zhang X. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of SR-B1 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152849. [PMID: 32057516 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of cell surface receptors is abnormal in malignant tumors. The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) is an integral membrane glycoprotein receptor that facilitates the selective uptake of cholesterol by malignant cells. Accumulated studies investigated the prognostic role of SR-B1 in many solid tumors, such as breast cancer, lung cancer and so on. However, the conclusions remain undefined. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to obtain more accurate evaluation of prognostic significance of SR-B1 in solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane library for eligible studies published before November 2018. The included studies investigated the association between the SR-B1 level and clinicopathological features including survival outcomes in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adopted to assess the survival outcomes and odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluated the clinicopathological features. RESULTS A total of 10 studies involving 2585 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that low SR-B1 level was significantly correlated with earlier tumor grade (pooled OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.28-3.43, P = 0.001), less nodal involvement (pooled OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.43-3.0, P < 0.001), less distant metastasis (OR = 19.8, 95%CI = 2.58-151.65, P = 0.004), smaller tumor size (OR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.53-3.57, P < 0.001), earlier TNM stage (OR = 3.77, 95%CI = 1.67-8.48, P = 0.001), lower recurrence (HR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.57-2.49, P = 0.000), and better OS (HR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.70-2.31, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION The low expression of SR-B1 was significantly associated with better clinicopathological status and longer survival in patients with solid tumors. SR-B1 might act as a promising prognostic biomarker for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Ce Chao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Xianghong Zhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dongmei Di
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yongxiang Qian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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Lenahan C, Huang L, Travis ZD, Zhang JH. Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 ( SR-B1) and the modifiable risk factors of stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 32922929 PMCID: PMC7398188 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked or ruptured, consequently leading to deficits in neurological function. Stroke consistently ranked as one of the top causes of mortality, and with the mean age of incidence decreasing, there is renewed interest to seek novel therapeutic treatments. The Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a multifunctional protein found on the surface of a variety of cells. Research has found that that SR-B1 primarily functions in an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic capacity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of SR-B1 and focus on its potential correlation with the modifiable risk factors of stroke. SR-B1 likely has an impact on stroke through its interaction with smoking, diabetes mellitus, diet, physical inactivity, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and sickle cell disease, all of which are critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
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30
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Wang W, Yan Z, Hu J, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. Scavenger receptor class B, type 1 facilitates cellular fatty acid uptake. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158554. [PMID: 31678516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SR-B1 belongs to the class B scavenger receptor, or CD36 super family. SR-B1 and CD36 share an affinity for a wide array of ligands. Although they exhibit similar ligand binding specificity, SR-B1 and CD36 have some very specific lipid transport functions. Whereas SR-B1 primarily facilitates the selective delivery of cholesteryl esters (CEs) and cholesterol from HDL particles to the liver and non-placental steroidogenic tissues, as well as participating in cholesterol efflux from cells, CD36 primarily mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids in high fatty acid-requiring organs such as the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, CD36 also mediates cholesterol efflux and facilitates selective lipoprotein-CE delivery, although less efficiently than SR-B1. Interestingly, the ability or efficiency of SR-B1 to mediate fatty acid uptake has not been reported. In this paper, using overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of SR-B1, we show that SR-B1 possesses the ability to facilitate fatty acid uptake. Moreover, this function is not blocked by BLT-1, a specific chemical inhibitor of HDL-CE uptake activity of SR-B1, nor by sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, which inhibits fatty acid uptake by CD36. Attenuated fatty acid uptake was also observed in primary adipocytes isolated from SR-B1 knockout mice. In conclusion, facilitation of fatty acid uptake is an additional function that is mediated by SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
| | - Salman Azhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
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Sharma B, Agnihotri N. Role of cholesterol homeostasis and its efflux pathways in cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105377. [PMID: 31063804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells show high avidity for cholesterol in order to support their inherent nature to divide and proliferate. This results in the rewiring of cholesterol homeostatic pathways by influencing not only de novo synthesis but also uptake or efflux pathways of cholesterol. Recent findings have pointed towards the importance of cholesterol efflux in tumor pathogenesis. Cholesterol efflux is the first and foremost step in reverse cholesterol transport and any perturbation in this pathway may lead to the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, thereby altering the cellular equilibrium. This review addresses the different mechanisms of cholesterol efflux from the cell and highlights their role and regulation in context to tumor development. There are four different routes by which cholesterol can be effluxed from the cell namely, 1) passive diffusion of cholesterol to mature HDL particles, 2) SR-B1 mediated facilitated diffusion, 3) Active efflux to apo A1 via ABCA1 and 4) ABCG1 mediated efflux to mature HDL. These molecular players facilitating cholesterol efflux are engaged in a complex interplay with different signaling pathways. Thus, an understanding of the efflux pathways, their regulation and cross-talk with signaling molecules may provide novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to combat the onset of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Santander N, Lizama C, Murgas L, Contreras S, Martin AJM, Molina P, Quiroz A, Rivera K, Salas-Pérez F, Godoy A, Rigotti A, Busso D. Transcriptional profiling of embryos lacking the lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 reveals a regulatory circuit governing a neurodevelopmental or metabolic decision during neural tube closure. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:731. [PMID: 30290792 PMCID: PMC6173885 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 mediates cellular uptake of several lipid species, including cholesterol and vitamin E. During early mouse development, SR-B1 is located in the maternal-fetal interface, where it facilitates vitamin E transport towards the embryo. Consequently, mouse embryos lacking SR-B1 are vitamin E-deficient, and around half of them fail to close the neural tube and show cephalic neural tube defects (NTD). Here, we used transcriptomic profiling to identify the molecular determinants of this phenotypic difference between SR-B1 deficient embryos with normal morphology or with NTD. Results We used RNA-Seq to compare the transcriptomic profile of three groups of embryos retrieved from SR-B1 heterozygous intercrosses: wild-type E9.5 embryos (WT), embryos lacking SR-B1 that are morphologically normal, without NTD (KO-N) and SR-B1 deficient embryos with this defect (KO-NTD). We identified over 1000 differentially expressed genes: down-regulated genes in KO-NTD embryos were enriched for functions associated to neural development, while up-regulated genes in KO-NTD embryos were enriched for functions related to lipid metabolism. Feeding pregnant dams a vitamin E-enriched diet, which prevents NTD in SR-B1 KO embryos, resulted in mRNA levels for those differentially expressed genes that were more similar to KO-N than to KO-NTD embryos. We used gene regulatory network analysis to identify putative transcriptional regulators driving the different embryonic expression profiles, and identified a regulatory circuit controlled by the androgen receptor that may contribute to this dichotomous expression profile in SR-B1 embryos. Supporting this possibility, the expression level of the androgen receptor correlated strongly with the expression of several genes involved in neural development and lipid metabolism. Conclusions Our analysis shows that normal and defective embryos lacking SR-B1 have divergent expression profiles, explained by a defined set of transcription factors that may explain their divergent phenotype. We propose that distinct expression profiles may be relevant during early development to support embryonic nutrition and neural tube closure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5110-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Santander
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile
| | - Carlos Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leandro Murgas
- Network Biology Laboratory, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Contreras
- Network Biology Laboratory, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J M Martin
- Network Biology Laboratory, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Molina
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile
| | - Alonso Quiroz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile
| | - Katherine Rivera
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile
| | - Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile.,Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, 83300024, Santiago, CP, Chile.
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Balthazar J, Schöwe NM, Cipolli GC, Buck HS, Viel TA. Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Improving Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:288. [PMID: 30319394 PMCID: PMC6168651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cognitive functions, and has been described in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enriched environment (EE) stimulation on spatial memory and senile plaque formation in transgenic mice PDGFB-APPSwInd (TG) that overexpress the human amyloid precursor protein, normally resulting in an increased density of senile plaques. We compared this group of EE stimulated transgenic mice (TG-EE) with an EE stimulated control group of age-matched C57Bl/6 wild type animals (WT-EE). Both groups were exposed to EE stimulation between the ages of 8 and 12 months. As controls of the experiment, there were a group of TG mice not exposed to EE (TG-Ctrl) and a group of WT mice not exposed to EE (WT-Ctrl). The TG-EE group presented improved spatial memory when compared to the TG-Ctrl animals. In addition, the TG-EE group showed a 69.2% reduction in the total density of senile plaques in the hippocampus when compared to the TG-Ctrl group. In this group, the concentration of senile plaques was greater in the dorsal part of the hippocampus, which is linked to spatial localization, and the reduction of this density after the submission to EE was as high as 85.1%. EE stimulation had no effect on the density of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. However, amyloid scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) density was significantly decreased in the TG-Ctrl mice, but not in the TG-EE mice, suggesting that cognitive stimulation had an effect on the formation of a cognitive reserve that could prevent the accumulation of senile plaques. It is suggested that the stimulation of old mice by EE for 4 months led to the formation of brain resilience that protected the brain from the deposition of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD, leading to improvement in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Balthazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mendes Schöwe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gan C, Wang K, Tang Q, Chen Y. Comparative investigation on the sizes and scavenger receptor binding of human native and modified lipoprotein particles with atomic force microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:25. [PMID: 29592798 PMCID: PMC5872389 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size and receptor-binding abilities of plasma lipoproteins are closely related with their structure/functions. Presently, the sizes of native lipoproteins have been measured by various methods including atomic force microscopy (AFM) whereas the sizes of modified lipoproteins are poorly determined and the receptor-binding ability of lipoproteins is less detected and compared at the nanoscale. METHODS Here, AFM was utilized to detect/compare the size and scavenger receptor-binding properties of three native human lipoproteins including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein, and two modified human lipoproteins including oxidized and acetylated LDL, as well as bovine serum albumin and their antibodies as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS AFM detected that the sizes of these lipoproteins are close to the commonly known values and the previously-reported AFM-detected sizes and that native and modified LDL have different height/size. AFM also revealed that the CD36-binding abilities of the five lipoproteins are different from one another and from their SR-B1-binding abilities and that the anti-CD36/SR-B1 antibodies as positive controls have strong CD36/SR-B1-binding abilities. CONCLUSIONS The data provide important information on lipoproteins for better understanding their structures/functions. Moreover, the data certify that besides size measurement AFM also can visualize receptor-lipoprotein binding at the nanoscale, as well as antigen-antibody (scavenger receptors and their antibodies) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoye Gan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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Wahab HA, Pham NB, Muhammad TST, Hooper JNA, Quinn RJ. Merosesquiterpene Congeners from the Australian Sponge Hyrtios digitatus as Potential Drug Leads for Atherosclerosis Disease. Mar Drugs 2016; 15:md15010006. [PMID: 28036007 PMCID: PMC5295226 DOI: 10.3390/md15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of the chemical constituents from the Australian Sponge Hyrtios digitatus has provided a perspective on the connection between the chemistry and biology of the puupehenones, a unique and unusual class of merosesquiterpenes. In this study, a new tetracyclic merosesquiterpene, 19-methoxy-9,15-ene-puupehenol (1) was isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios digitatus along with the known 20-methoxy-9,15-ene-puupehenol (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (¹H and 13C NMR) in combination with experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds 1 and 2 are active at 1.78 μM and 3.05 μM, respectively, on Scavenger Receptor-Class B Type 1 HepG2 (SR-B1 HepG2) stable cell lines, targeting atherosclerosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda A Wahab
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
- School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia.
| | - Ngoc B Pham
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
| | - Tengku S Tengku Muhammad
- School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia.
| | - John N A Hooper
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
- Queensland Museum, Brisbane 4101, Australia.
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
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36
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Mooberry LK, Sabnis NA, Panchoo M, Nagarajan B, Lacko AG. Targeting the SR-B1 Receptor as a Gateway for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:466. [PMID: 28018216 PMCID: PMC5156841 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors display remarkable heterogeneity to the extent that even at the same tissue site different types of cells with varying genetic background may be found. In contrast, a relatively consistent marker the scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1) has been found to be consistently overexpressed by most tumor cells. Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SR-BI) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor that facilitates the uptake of cholesterol esters from circulating lipoproteins. Additional findings suggest a critical role for SR-BI in cholesterol metabolism, signaling, motility, and proliferation of cancer cells and thus a potential major impact in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Recent findings indicate that the level of SR-BI expression correlate with aggressiveness and poor survival in breast and prostate cancer. Moreover, genomic data show that depending on the type of cancer, high or low SR-BI expression may promote poor survival. This review discusses the importance of SR-BI as a diagnostic as well as prognostic indicator of cancer to help elucidate the contributions of this protein to cancer development, progression, and survival. In addition, the SR-B1 receptor has been shown to serve as a potential gateway for the delivery of therapeutic agents when reconstituted high density lipoprotein nanoparticles are used for their transport to cancer cells and tumors. Opportunities for the development of new technologies, particularly in the areas of cancer therapy and tumor imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K. Mooberry
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
| | - Nirupama A. Sabnis
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
| | - Marlyn Panchoo
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
| | - Andras G. Lacko
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort WorthTX, USA
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Abstract
The adrenal gland is one of the prominent sites for steroid hormone synthesis. Lipoprotein-derived cholesterol esters (CEs) delivered via SR-B1 constitute the dominant source of cholesterol for steroidogenesis, particularly in rodents. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates steroidogenesis through downstream actions on multiple components involved in steroidogenesis. Both acute and chronic ACTH treatments can modulate SR-B1 function, including its transcription, posttranscriptional stability, phosphorylation and dimerization status, as well as the interaction with other protein partners, all of which result in changes in the ability of SR-B1 to mediate HDL-CE uptake and the supply of cholesterol for conversion to steroids. Here, we provide a review of the recent findings on the regulation of adrenal SR-B1 function by ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fredric B. Kraemer
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Fredric B. Kraemer,
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Ljunggren SA, Levels JHM, Hovingh K, Holleboom AG, Vergeer M, Argyri L, Gkolfinopoulou C, Chroni A, Sierts JA, Kastelein JJ, Kuivenhoven JA, Lindahl M, Karlsson H. Lipoprotein profiles in human heterozygote carriers of a functional mutation P297S in scavenger receptor class B1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1587-95. [PMID: 26454245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is an important HDL receptor involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux, but its physiological role in human lipoprotein metabolism is not fully understood. Heterozygous carriers of the SR-B1(P297S) mutation are characterized by increased HDL cholesterol levels, impaired cholesterol efflux from macrophages and attenuated adrenal function. Here, the composition and function of lipoproteins were studied in SR-B1(P297S) heterozygotes.Lipoproteins from six SR-B1(P297S) carriers and six family controls were investigated. HDL and LDL/VLDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. HDL antioxidant properties, paraoxonase 1 activities, apoA-I methionine oxidations and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity were assessed.Multivariate modeling separated carriers from controls based on lipoprotein composition. Protein analyses showed a significant enrichment of apoE in LDL/VLDL and of apoL-1 in HDL from heterozygotes compared to controls. The relative distribution of plasma apoE was increased in LDL and in lipid-free form. There were no significant differences in paraoxonase 1 activities, HDL antioxidant properties or HDL cholesterol efflux capacity but heterozygotes showed a significant increase of oxidized methionines in apoA-I.The SR-B1(P297S) mutation affects both HDL and LDL/VLDL protein compositions. The increase of apoE in carriers suggests a compensatory mechanism for attenuated SR-B1 mediated cholesterol uptake by HDL. Increased methionine oxidation may affect HDL function by reducing apoA-I binding to its targets. The results illustrate the complexity of lipoprotein metabolism that has to be taken into account in future therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Menno Vergeer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Letta Argyri
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Gkolfinopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
| | - Jeroen A Sierts
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John J Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, section for Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mats Lindahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are being utilized in a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic targeting. These applications are made possible due to the unique physicochemical properties that are exhibited at the nanoscale. To ensure safe development of NMs for clinical use, it is necessary to understand their interactions with cells and specifically cell surface receptors, which will facilitate either their toxicity and/or clinical function. Recently our research and others have investigated the role of scavenger receptors in mediating NM-cell interactions and responses. Scavenger receptors are expressed by a variety of cell types that are first to encounter NMs during clinical use such as macrophages and endothelial cells. Scavenger receptors are recognized to facilitate uptake of a wide variety of ligands ranging from foreign substances to endogenous lipids/proteins. While interaction of NMs with scavenger receptors may allow therapeutic targeting in some instances, it also presents a challenge for the stealth delivery of NMs and avoidance of the scavenging capability of this class of receptors. Due to their role in facilitating immune responses, scavenger receptor-mediated inflammation is also of concern following NM delivery. The research highlighted in this brief review intends to summarize our current understanding regarding the consequences of NM-scavenger receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shannahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
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Wang Y, Meng C, Wei Q, Shi F, Mao D. Expression and regulation of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in the rat ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:297-304. [PMID: 25817199 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) preferentially mediates the selective uptake of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ester and the delivery of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. Although multiple analyses have investigated the function of SR-B1 in the liver, adrenal and ovary, its expression in rat ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle is lacking. In the present study, real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate SR-B1 expression in the rat ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle. The results demonstrated that ovarian SR-B1 expression was in a stage-dependent manner, continuously increased from proestrus and kept elevated during metoestrus, while uterine SR-B1 expression decreased from proestrus to diestrus. To determine whether ovarian and uterine SR-B1 expression were affected by sex steroid hormones, immature rats were treated with 17 β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or their antagonists from postnatal days 24-26. Results showed that the levels of SR-B1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated by E2 in both the ovary and uterus. IHC results showed that SR-B1 was primarily localized in the oocytes, theca internal cells (T-I) of follicles, interstitial cells (IC) as well as corpus luteum (CL), but not granulosa cells (GC) in the ovary during the estrous cycle. Uterine SR-B1 was highly expressed in the endometrial luminal epithelial cells (LEC) and glandular epithelial cells (GEC) as well as in the circular muscle (CM) cells, and weak staining in stromal cells (SC) through estrous cycle. Taken together, SR-B1 expression in the ovary and uterus across the estrous cycle demonstrate that SR-B1 may be involved in uterine function, follicular development as well as luteal function.
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Wang S, Miller B, Matthan NR, Goktas Z, Wu D, Reed DB, Yin X, Grammas P, Moustaid-Moussa N, Shen CL, Lichtenstein AH. Aortic cholesterol accumulation correlates with systemic inflammation but not hepatic and gonadal adipose tissue inflammation in low-density lipoprotein receptor null mice. Nutr Res 2014; 33:1072-82. [PMID: 24267047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major contributor to the development of atherosclerotic plaque, yet the involvement of liver and visceral adipose tissue inflammatory status in atherosclerotic lesion development has yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that an atherogenic diet would increase inflammatory response and lipid accumulation in the liver and gonadal adipose tissue (GAT) and would correlate with systemic inflammation and aortic lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor null (LDLr-/-) mice. For 32 weeks, LDLr-/- mice (n = 10/group) were fed either an atherogenic (high saturated fat and cholesterol) or control (low fat and cholesterol) diet. Hepatic and GAT lipid content and expression of inflammatory factors were measured using standard procedures. Compared with the control diet, the atherogenic diet significantly increased hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC), primarily esterified cholesterol, and GAT triglyceride content. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5, CD36, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1 and scavenger receptor B class 1, and they decreased the expression of cytochrome P450, family 7 and subfamily a, polypeptide 1 in GAT. Aortic TC content was positively associated with hepatic TC, triglyceride, and GAT triglyceride contents as well as plasma interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations. Although when compared with the control diet, the atherogenic diet increased hepatic tumor necrosis factor α production, they were not associated with aortic TC content. These data suggest that the LDLr-/- mice responded to the atherogenic diet by increasing lipid accumulation in the liver and GAT, which may have increased inflammatory response. Aortic TC content was positively associated with systemic inflammation but not hepatic and GAT inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Nutritional Sciences Program, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Connolly BA, O'Connell DP, Lamon-Fava S, LeBlanc DF, Kuang YL, Schaefer EJ, Coppage AL, Benedict CR, Kiritsy CP, Bachovchin WW. The high-fat high-fructose hamster as an animal model for niacin's biological activities in humans. Metabolism 2013; 62:1840-9. [PMID: 24035454 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Niacin has been used for more than 50 years to treat dyslipidemia, yet the mechanisms underlying its lipid-modifying effects remain unknown, a situation stemming at least in part from a lack of validated animal models. The objective of this study was to determine if the dyslipidemic hamster could serve as such a model. MATERIALS/METHODS Dyslipidemia was induced in Golden Syrian hamsters by feeding them a high-fat, high-cholesterol, and high-fructose (HF/HF) diet. The effect of high-dose niacin treatment for 18 days and 28 days on plasma lipid levels and gene expression was measured. RESULTS Niacin treatment produced significant decreases in plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA), but had no measureable effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the dyslipidemic hamster. Niacin treatment also produced significant increases in hepatic adenosine ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) mRNA, ABCA1 protein, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) mRNA, and adipose adiponectin mRNA in these animals. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of HDL-C, the lipid effects of niacin treatment in the dyslipidemic hamster closely parallel those observed in humans. Moreover, the effects of niacin treatment on gene expression of hepatic proteins related to HDL metabolism are similar to those observed in human cells in culture. The HF/HF-fed hamster could therefore serve as an animal model for niacin's lowering of proatherogenic lipids and mechanisms of action relative to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Connolly
- Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA, USA; Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential sites for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Mitochondria in the steroidogenic cells of the adrenal, gonad, placenta and brain contain the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc, and its two electron-transfer partners, ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin. This enzyme system converts cholesterol to pregnenolone and determines net steroidogenic capacity, so that it serves as the chronic regulator of steroidogenesis. Several other steroidogenic enzymes, including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase also reside in mitochondria. Similarly, the mitochondria of renal tubular cells contain two key enzymes participating in the activation and degradation of vitamin D. The access of cholesterol to the mitochondria is regulated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, serving as the acute regulator of steroidogenesis. StAR action requires a complex multi-component molecular machine on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Components of this machine include the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), the voltage-dependent anion chanel (VDAC-1), TSPO-associated protein 7 (PAP7, ACBD3), and protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1α (PKAR1A). The precise fashion in which these proteins interact and move cholesterol from the OMM to P450scc, and the means by which cholesterol is loaded into the OMM, remain unclear. Human deficiency diseases have been described for StAR and for all the mitochondrial steroidogenic enzymes, but not for the electron transfer proteins or for the components of the cholesterol import machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1346, USA; Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1346, USA.
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Jin H, Pan S, Qian Y, Huang C, Zeng Y, Luo Q, Zeng M, Zhang Z. Scavenger receptor B1 is a potential biomarker of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its growth is inhibited by HDL-mimetic nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:477-86. [PMID: 23843895 PMCID: PMC3706691 DOI: 10.7150/thno.6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a very regional malignant head and neck cancer that has attracted widespread attention for its unique etiology, epidemiology and therapeutic options. To achieve high cure rates in NPC patients, theranostic approaches are actively being pursued and improved efforts remain desirable in identifying novel biomarkers and establishing effective therapeutic approaches with low long-term toxicities. Here, we discovered that the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) was overexpressed in all investigated NPC cell lines and 75% of NPC biopsies, demonstrating that SR-B1 is a potential biomarker of NPC. Additional functional analysis showed that SR-B1 has great effect on cell motility while showing no significant impact on cell proliferation. As high-density lipoproteins (HDL) exhibit strong binding affinities to SR-B1 and HDL mimetic peptides are reportedly capable of inhibiting tumor growth, we further examined the SR-B1 targeting ability of a highly biocompatible HDL-mimicking peptide-phospholipid scaffold (HPPS) nanocarrier and investigated its therapeutic effect on NPC. Results show that NPC cells with higher SR-B1 expression have superior ability in taking up the core constituents of HPPS. Moreover, HPPS inhibited the motility and colony formation of 5-8F cells, and significantly suppressed the NPC cell growth in nude mice without inducing tumor cell necrosis or apoptosis. These results indicate that HPPS is not only a NPC-targeting nanocarrier but also an effective anti-NPC drug. Together, the identification of SR-B1 as a potential biomarker and the use of HPPS as an effective anti-NPC agent may shed new light on the diagnosis and therapeutics of NPC.
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Tamamoto T, Ohno K, Goto-Koshino Y, Tsujimoto H. Feline serum amyloid A protein as an endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 155:190-6. [PMID: 23942262 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the major acute phase proteins and a biomarker of infection or inflammation in humans and cats. In humans, cytokine-like functions of SAA protein have been determined, and SAA is considered to be an important factor in immune responses. However, there are no reports about the functions of SAA protein in cats. In the present study, the functions of feline SAA protein on peripheral monocytes were investigated by using TNF-α production as an indicator. In feline peripheral blood monocytes, SAA protein stimulated the transcription of TNF-α within 2h and induced TNF-α secretion in time- and dose-dependent manners. The production of TNF-α by SAA stimulation in feline monocytes was found to be mediated by the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, SAA-stimulated TNF-α production was prevented by a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist. On the basis of these results, feline SAA was demonstrated to be an endogenous agonist of TLR4 for the stimulation of TNF-α production and secretion by peripheral monocytes. These results suggest that feline SAA can play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses as it does in humans.
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