Improvement of roughness in ultrasonic assisted magnetorheological finishing of small titanium alloy nuts by orthogonal test method

Titanium alloy with high corrosion resistance, high strength-to-density ratio, and excellent biocompatibility has a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical implants. Polishing experiments of titanium alloy with a small size and complex shapes were investigated using an ultrasonic assisted magnetorheological finishing (UMRF) device excited by a three-pole magnetic field generator. The models of the normal force and the shear force were first proposed based on the Preston equation to analyze the mechanism of material removal in the UMRF process. Subsequently, the single-factor experiments using titanium alloy nuts (M3) and the MR polishing fluid with silicon carbide abrasives were carried out. Furthermore, to improve the surface roughness and the change rate of surface roughness of nuts, orthogonal tests with a standard L9(34) orthogonal array were designed and performed based on the optimized process parameters obtained from the single-factor experiment. The results indicated the effect on surface roughness and change rate of surface roughness as applied current > roller speed > ultrasonic amplitude > spindle speed and applied current > roller speed > spindle speed > ultrasonic amplitude, respectively. Moreover, the surface roughness was improved from an initial 1.247 μm to a final 0.104 μm after the polishing for 80 min under these optimal process parameters.

Chrysanthemum morifolium as a traditional herb: A review of historical development, classification, phytochemistry, pharmacology and application

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine has gained more and more recognition in disease prevention and control due to its low toxicity and comprehensive treatment. C. morifolium (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), as the medicine food homology plant with the bioactivity of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and cardiovascular protection, has important therapeutic effects and health benefits for colds, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and various chronic diseases.

AIM OF THE STUDY

By reviewing the historical development, classification and distribution of germplasm resources, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and modern application of C. morifolium, the paper provides a reliable basis for the further research and application of chrysanthemum as therapeutic agents and functional additives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The literature and information about C. morifolium published in the last ten years were collected from various platforms, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and China Knowledge Network.

RESULTS

A comprehensive analysis confirmed that C. morifolium originated in China, and it went through the development process from food and tea to medicine for more than 3000 years. During this period, different cultivars emerged through several breeding techniques and were distributed throughout the world. Moreover, A variety of chemical components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, volatile oils, and terpenes in chrysanthemum have been proven they possess various pharmacology of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and prevention of chronic diseases by regulating inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress responses and signaling pathways, which are the essential conditions to play a role in TCM, nutraceuticals and diet.

CONCLUSION

This paper provides a comprehensive review of historical development, classification, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and modern application of C. morifolium. However, future studies should continue to focus on the bioactive compounds and the synergistic mechanism of the "multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway" of chrysanthemum, and it is necessary to develop more innovative products with therapeutic effects.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cervical cancer: correlation between quantitative parameters and molecular markers hypoxia-inducible factors-1-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ki-67

AIM

To investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has the potential to non-invasively detect microenvironmental condition by quantitatively measuring blood perfusion, vessel wall permeability, and vascularity, and to elucidate the possible correlations between DCE-MRI quantitative parameters and the expression level of hypoxia, vascularity, and cell proliferation related molecular biomarkers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this prospective single center clinical study, 58 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer underwent DCE-MRI before anticancer treatment were enrolled. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp were generated from Extended Toft's model. Then patients conducted colposcopy biopsy within 1 week after DCE-MRI. Pretreatment expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and Ki-67 were assessed and scored by immunohistochemistry on colposcopy obtained tumor specimens.

RESULTS

In HIF-1α low-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.031) and Kep (p=0.012) values were significantly higher than the high-expression group. In VEGF high-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.044) and Ve values (p=0.021) were significantly higher than the low-expression group. In Ki-67 high-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.026) and Kep (p=0.033) were significantly higher than the low-expression group. Multiple linear regression analyses and Pearson correlation revealed that Ktrans independently negatively correlated with HIF-1α expression, Ve independently positively correlated with VEGF, and Kep independently positively correlated with Ki-67. The area under the ROC curves of Ktrans for HIF-1α, Ve for VEGF, and Kep for Ki-67 were 0.728, 0.743, 0.730, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that DCE-MRI quantitative parameters could be potentially used as imaging markers for non-invasively detecting microenvironmental hypoxia, vascularity and proliferation in cervical cancer patients.

[Study of the effects of dietary patterns on glycemic control in community type 2 diabetic mellitus patients]

Objective: To understand the impact of diet on glycemic control in community-managed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and provide evidence for implementing prevention strategies and measures for diabetes patients. Methods: Eight communities were randomly selected from Changshu and Wuhan in 2015, and T2DM patients managed in the community were selected to conduct questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and blood glucose testing. Factor analysis was used to obtain dietary patterns. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting glycemic control. Results: Finally, 1 818 T2DM patients were included, and the control rate of FPG was 57.59% (95%CI: 55.30%-59.86%), and the control rate of 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) was 24.90% (95%CI: 22.93%- 26.91%). Five dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis: animal food pattern, fruit-aquatic products-potato patterns, vegetable-grain pattern, egg-milk-bean pattern, and oil-salt patterns. No-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the reduced probability of FPG control was related to animal food pattern (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.98) and fruit-aquatic products-potato patterns (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.51-0.97). The decrease in the 2 h PBG control probability was related to fruit-aquatic products-potato patterns (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.40-0.90). The increased probability of FPG and 2 h postprandial glucose control were both related to vegetable-grain pattern (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.03-1.94; OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.13-2.51) and egg-milk-bean pattern (OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.25-2.46; OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.00-2.42). Compared with the Q4 group of egg-milk-bean pattern, the FPG control rate of the combination of "fruit-aquatic products-potato pattern (Q4 group), vegetable-grain pattern (Q2 group), egg-milk-bean pattern (Q3 group)" was higher (OR=6.79, 95%CI: 1.15-40.23, P=0.035). Compared with the Q4 group of vegetable-grain pattern, the combination of "fruit-aquatic products-potato pattern (Q4 group), vegetable-grain pattern (Q3 group), egg-milk-bean pattern (Q2 group), oil-salt pattern (Q2 group)" had higher control rate of 2 h PBG (OR=12.78, 95%CI: 1.26-130.05, P=0.031). Conclusions: A proper combination of dietary patterns and dietary patterns are more conducive to the control of FPG and 2 h PBG in T2DM patients managed in the communities of Wuhan and Changshu. Patient nutrition education should be strengthened, and the food-matching ability of patients should be improved.

Heatwave exposure in relation to decreased sleep duration in older adults

Few studies have delved into the effects of heatwaves on sleep duration loss among older adults. Our study examined correlations between heatwave exposure and sleep duration reductions in this demographic. Utilizing data of 7,240 older adults drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2015 to 2018, we assessed sleep duration differences between the baseline year (2015) and follow-up year (2018). Absolute reductions in sleep duration were defined as differences of ≥ 1, 1.5, or 2 h. Changes in sleep duration were categorized based on cut-offs of 5 and 8 h, including excessive decrease, moderate to short and persistent short sleep duration types. 12 heatwave definitions combining four thresholds (90th, 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of daily minimum temperature) and three durations (≥2, ≥3 and ≥ 4 days) were used. Heatwave exposure was determined by the difference in the number of 12 preceding months' heatwave days or events in 2015 and the number of 12 preceding months' heatwave days or events in 2018. The results showed that increased heatwave events (defined as ≥ P90th percentile & lasting three days) were associated with a higher likelihood of ≥ 1-hour sleep reduction and persistent short sleep duration. An increase in heatwave event (defined as ≥ P95th percentile & lasting three days) was linked to shifts from moderate to short sleep duration. For the association between an absolute reduction in sleep duration and heatwave exposure, while higher thresholds signified greater sleep reduction risks, the effect estimates of longer durations were not uniformly consistent. We observed that air pollution and green space modified the relationship between heatwaves and sleep duration. Females, urban residents, and individuals with chronic diseases were identified as vulnerable populations. This study found that increased heatwave exposure was associated with a higher risk of sleep duration loss in older adults.

The effects of heatwave on cognitive impairment among older adults: Exploring the combined effects of air pollution and green space

The association between heatwaves and cognitive impairment in older adults, especially the joint effect of air pollution and green space on this association, remains unknown. The present cohort study used data from waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018. Heatwaves were defined as having daily maximum temperature ≥ 92.5th, 95th and 97.5th percentile that continued at least two, three and four days, measured as the one-year heatwave days prior to the participants' incident cognitive impairment. Data on the annual average air pollutant concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) as well as green space exposure (according to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) were collected. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to examine the independent effect of heatwaves on cognitive impairment and the combined effect of heatwaves, air pollution, and green space on cognitive impairment. Potential multiplicative interactions were examined by adding a product term of air pollutants and NDVI with heatwaves in the models. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated to reflect additive interactions. We found that heatwave exposure was associated with higher risks of cognitive impairment, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) ranging from 1.035 (95 % CI: 1.016-1.055) to 1.058 (95 % CI: 1.040-1.075). We observed a positive interaction of PM2.5 concentrations, O3 concentrations, lack of green space, and heatwave exposure on a multiplicative scale (HRs for product terms >1). Furthermore, we found a synergistic interaction of PM2.5 concentrations, O3, lack of green space, and heatwave exposure on an additive scale, with RERIs >0. These results suggest that extreme heat exposure may be a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults. Additionally, coexposure to air pollution and lack of green space exacerbated the adverse effects of heatwaves on cognitive function.

High Dose Hyperfractionated Thoracic Radiotherapy vs. Standard Dose for Limited Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized, Phase 3 Trial

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Limited stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose, hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy in 30 fractions compared with standard dose (45 Gy in 30 fractions) as a first-line treatment for LS-SCLC.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The study was an open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial, done at 16 public hospitals in China. Key inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-70 years, with previously histologically or cytologically confirmed LS-SCLC, previously untreated or received 1-2 courses of intravenous cisplatin (75 mg/m²of body-surface area, on day 1 or divided into two days of each cycle) or carboplatin (area under the curve of 5 mg/mL per min, day 1 of each cycle)and intravenous etoposide (100 mg/m²of body-surface area, on days 1-3 of each cycle), and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) of 45 Gy in 30 fractions or the simultaneous integrated boost VMAT (SIB-VMAT) of 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the primary lung tumor and lymph node metastases starting 0-42 days after the first chemotherapy course. Both groups of patients received thoracic radiotherapy twice per day and 10 fractions per week. Prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI, 25 Gy in 10 fractions) was implemented to patients with responsive disease. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Safety was analyzed in the as-treated population.

RESULTS

Between June 30, 2017, and April 6, 2021, 224 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to 54 Gy (n = 108) or 45 Gy (n = 116). Median follow-up for the primary analysis was 45 months (IQR 41-48). Median overall survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (62.4 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (43.1 months; p = 0.001). Median progression-free survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (30.5 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (16.7 months; p = 0.044). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (30 [28%] of 108 patients in the 54 Gy group vs 27 [23%] of 116 patients in the 45 Gy group), neutropenic infections (6 [6%] vs 2 [2%]), thrombocytopenia (13 [12%] vs 12 [10%]), anemia (6 [6%] vs 4 [3%]), and esophagitis (1 [1%] vs 3 [3%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 9 [8%] patients in the 54 Gy group and 16 [14%] patients in the 45 Gy group. There were one treatment-related deaths in 54 Gy group (myocardial infarction).

CONCLUSION

Compared with standard thoracic radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy, the high dose of 54 Gy improved overall survival and progression-free survival without increasing toxicities in patients with LS-SCLC, supporting twice-daily hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy is an alternative treatment option for LS-SCLC. This study is complete and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03214003.

Deep Learning and GAN-Synthesis for Auto-Segmentation of Pancreatic Cancer by Non-Enhanced CT for Adaptive Radiotherapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

In conventional adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for pancreatic cancer, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) helps to more precisely delineate primary gross tumor volume (GTV) than non-enhanced CT (NECT). However, frequent use of contrast medium can damage kidneys and prolong treatment time. Moreover, traditional manual delineation is labor-intensive and highly dependent on the experience of oncologists. Currently, automatic delineation based on deep learning with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)-based CT synthesis is one of the most feasible solutions to these problems.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A dataset of 35 pancreatic cancer patients was retrospectively collected from May 2021 to December 2022. All patients consist of a pair of NECT and CECT. We designed and developed an automatic delineation framework (Proposed) for GTV of pancreatic cancer based on Trans-cycleGAN and a modified 3D U-Net. TranscycleGAN can not only synthesize CECT from NECT, but can also augment the amount of CT images; then all real and synthesized CT images were used to train the modified 3D U-Net for automatic delineation of GTV; finally, our framework was able to automatically delineate GTV by NECT, but not only by CECT. Our framework was evaluated by dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Harsdorff distance (95HD) and average surface distance (ASD) with oncologists' manual delineation ("gold standard").

RESULTS

The evaluation results were summarized in Table 1. The proposed framework achieved the best automatic delineation results by NECT, which was superior to that of CECT: 0.917 & 0.903 of DSC, 2.498mm & 3.029mm of HD95, 0.481mm & 0.534mm of ASD, p < 0.05 for DSC and HD95. Specifically, it is significantly superior to the automatic delineation results using U-Net by CECT 0.917 & 0.818 of DSC, 2.498mm & 13.228mm of HD95, 0.481mm & 3.633mm of ASD, p < 0.05 for DSC.

CONCLUSION

We proposed an automatic delineation framework for contouring GTV in ART of pancreatic cancer based on deep learning and Trans-cycleGAN network. This framework could automatically delineate GTV and achieve better performance with NECT compared to CECT. Our method could not only reduce the use of contrast medium, but also increase the precision and effectiveness of tumor delineation, which could have a positive impact on precision radiotherapy.

Expert consensus of management of adverse drug reactions with anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements occur in ∼3%-6% of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecular drugs that effectively inhibit ALK gene have revolutionized the therapeutic paradigm for patients with ALK rearrangements, resulting in significant improvements in objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival compared with classical platinum-based chemotherapy. Several ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), including crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, ensartinib, and lorlatinib, have been recommended as standard first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients with ALK rearrangements. Patients with ALK rearrangements typically exhibit long-term durable responses to ALK-TKIs; therefore, the management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with ALK-TKIs is crucial in clinical practice to maximize clinical benefits, prevent an adverse impact on quality of life, and improve patient compliance. In general, ALK-TKIs are well tolerated. There are, however, a number of serious toxicities that may necessitate dose modification or even discontinuation of treatment and the management of ADRs with ALK-TKIs has grown in importance. The therapeutic use of this class of medications still carries some risk because there are currently no pertinent guidelines or consensus recommendations for managing ADRs caused by ALK-TKIs in China. In order to improve the clinical management of ADRs with ALK-TKIs, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Professional Committee led the discussion and summary of the incidence, diagnosis and grading standards, and prevention and treatment of ADRs caused by ALK-TKIs.

FoxO1/NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Age-Related Alveolar Bone Resorption

Periodontitis is the utmost common chronic oral disease that exhibits intense susceptibility to aging. Aging is characterized by persistent sterile low-grade inflammation, leading to age-related periodontal complications represented by alveolar bone loss. Currently, forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is generally believed to have a significant role in body development, senescence, cell viability, and oxidative stress in numerous organs and cells. However, the role of this transcription factor in mediating age-related alveolar bone resorption has not been examined. In this study, FoxO1 deficiency was discovered to have a beneficial correlation with halting the progression of alveolar bone resorption in aged mice. To further investigate the function of FoxO1 in age-related alveolar bone resorption, osteoblastic-specific FoxO1 knockout mice were generated, leading to an amelioration in alveolar bone loss compared to aged-matched wild-type mice, manifested as enhanced osteogenic potential. Mechanistically, we identified enhancement of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in FoxO1-deficient osteoblasts in the high dose of reactive oxygen species. Concordant with our study, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, greatly rescued osteoblast differentiation under oxidative stress. Our data shed light on the manifestations of FoxO1 depletion in osteoblasts and propose a possible mechanism for the therapy of age-related alveolar bone loss.

Squeeze Behaviors of Magnetorheological Fluids under Different Compressive Speeds

The compression tests under the unidirection for magnetorheological (MR) fluids have been studied at different compressive speeds. The results indicated that curves of compressive stress under different compression speeds at the applied magnetic field of 0.15 T overlapped well and were shown to be an exponent of about 1 of the initial gap distance in the elastic deformation region and accorded well with the description of continuous media theory. The difference in compressive stress curves increases significantly with an increasing magnetic field. At this time, the continuous media theory description could not be accounted for the effect of compressive speed on the compression of MR fluid, which seems to deviate from the Deborah number prediction under the lower compressive speeds. An explanation based on the two-phase flow due to aggregations of particle chains resulting in much longer relaxation times at a lower compressive speed was proposed to explain this deviation. The results have guiding significance for the theoretical design and process parameter optimization for the squeeze-assisted MR devices such as MR dampers and MR clutches based on the compressive resistance.

[Diagnosis and treatment of 26 cases of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: A total of 26 patients with adenovirus infection admitted to the posttransplant ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2018 to 2022 were enrolled. Their data on baseline and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. Results: The median patient age was 30 (22, 44) years. Twenty-two patients received related haploid stem cell transplantation, three received unrelated stem cell transplantation, and one received umbilical cord stem cell transplantation. Antithymocyte globulin was included in the conditioning regimen in 25 patients. The median time of adenovirus infection was +95 (+44, +152) days. The median peripheral blood lymphocyte count was 0.30 (0.11, 0.69) × 10(9)/L. Twelve patients had acute graft-versus-host disease. Twenty-four patients received antirejection therapies at diagnosis. Sixteen cases had combined infection with other pathogens with adenovirus infection. Eight cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection, and 18 were diagnosed as adenovirus disease, including pneumonia (38.89% ) , gastrointestinal disease (38.89% ) , encephalitis (33.33% ) , hepatitis (5.56% ) , and urinary tract inflammation (5.56% ) . The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease (P=0.03) . Eighteen patients received tapering of immunosuppression, and all 26 patients received at least one antiviral drug. Other treatments included high-dose gamma globulin and donor lymphocyte infusion. Adenovirus infection improved in 10 cases and progressed in 16 cases. The median follow-up time was 30 (7, 237) days. Twenty-two patients died. The all-cause mortality rate was (88.5±7.1) % , and the attributable mortality rate was 45.5% . There was no significant difference in the 100 d survival rate between asymptomatic infected patients and patients diagnosed with adenovirus disease (37.5% vs 22.2% , HR=1.83, 95% CI 0.66-5.04, P=0.24) . Conclusion: The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease. Mortality was high in patients with adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Combined effects of heatwaves and air pollution, green space and blue space on the incidence of hypertension: A national cohort study

Extreme heat exposure has been associated with hypertension. However, its interactive influences with air pollution, green and blue spaces are unclear. This study aimed to explore the interaction between heatwaves, air pollution, green and blue spaces on hypertension. Cohort data enrolled 6448 Chinese older adults aged 65 years and over were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2008 and 2018. Nine heatwave definitions, combining three heat thresholds (92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of daily maximum temperature) and three durations (≥2, 3 and 4 days) were used as time-varying variables in the analysis and were the one-year exposure before survival events. Fine particulate matter (PM ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5)), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the average proportion of open water bodies were used to reflect the air pollution, green and blue space exposures, respectively. PM_2.5, green and blue space exposures were time-varying indicators and contemporaneous with heatwaves. Mixed Cox models with time-varying variables were fitted to assess the multiplicative and additive interaction of heatwaves, PM_2.5, and green and blue spaces on hypertension, measured by a traditional product term with the ratio of hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk due to interaction (RERI), respectively. A positive multiplicative (HRs >1) and additive interaction (RERIs >0) between heatwaves and higher PM_2.5 levels was observed. There was a synergistic effect between heatwaves and decreasing greenness levels on hypertension incidence on additive and multiplicative scales. No significant interaction between heatwaves and blue space was observed in the analysis. The combined effects of heatwaves, air pollution, green and blue space exposures on the risk of hypertension varied with age, gender, and educational attainment. This study's findings complemented the existing evidence and revealed synergistic harmful impacts for heatwaves with air pollution and lack of green space on hypertension incidence.

Enhancement of Quantum Heat Engine by Encircling a Liouvillian Exceptional Point

Quantum heat engines are expected to outperform the classical counterparts due to quantum coherences involved. Here we experimentally execute a single-ion quantum heat engine and demonstrate, for the first time, the dynamics and the enhanced performance of the heat engine originating from the Liouvillian exceptional points (LEPs). In addition to the topological effects related to LEPs, we focus on thermodynamic effects, which can be understood by the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process under decoherence. We witness a positive net work from the quantum heat engine if the heat engine cycle dynamically encircles a LEP. Further investigation reveals that a larger net work is done when the system is operated closer to the LEP. We attribute the enhanced performance of the quantum heat engine to the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process, enabled by the eigenenergy landscape in the vicinity of the LEP, and the exceptional point-induced topological transition. Therefore, our results open new possibilities toward LEP-enabled control of quantum heat engines and of thermodynamic processes in open quantum systems.

A90 IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF VACCINE PREVENTABLE ILLNESS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: PERCEIVED BARRIERS AND INTERVENTION FUNCTIONS AMONGST GASTROENTEROLOGISTS

Background

Vaccination uptake amongst patients with IBD remains suboptimal. Studies evaluating effectiveness of interventions designed to improve vaccine uptake have not assessed perceived barriers and solutions related to implementation of evidence-based guidelines for vaccine preventable illness (VPI).

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators for evidence-based management of VPI in IBD.

Method

A semi-structured interview was conducted with gastroenterologists. Interview questions were developed and guided by the COM-B and TDF evidence-based implementation science frameworks. A brief intake questionnaire was administered to collect participant demographic and clinical practice information. Gastroenterologists were recruited through direct local contact via email by the investigators. Sixty minute interviews were recorded and transcribed for data analysis. Using thematic analysis, codes from the study data will be generated to identify themes. The data will be categorized into the coding scheme and themes created using an inductive coding approach.

Result(s)

As of October 2022, 5 interviews were conducted. Mean participant age was 47.8 years, with 60% identifying practice in an urban/academic setting compared to a rural/community setting (20%). Preliminary major themes included 1) assessing vaccination status and recommending appropriate vaccines are the responsibility of the gastroenterologist 2) gastroenterologists need more support to administer vaccines in clinical practice 3) barriers to implementation of VPI guidelines include lack of access to a family physician, limited time, vaccine hesitancy, and incomplete understanding of coverage/access to vaccines and 4) intervention themes include use of clinical decision support tools embedded into the workflow of healthcare providers, need for support from allied healthcare providers, increased need for third party support, and more education/CME relating to management of VPI in clinical practice. Specific knowledge gaps include 1) uncertainty relating to what vaccines are covered financially 2) lack of knowledge of risk factors for specific VPI such as pneumococcus and meningococcus and 3) how to administer live vaccines in patients already on immunosuppressants.

Conclusion(s)

Preliminary qualitative themes suggest that although gastroenterologists acknowledge the importance of managing VPI in patients with IBD, perceived resource, policy, and educational barriers exist. The qualitative data from this study will be used to design and implement customized, evidence-based implementation strategies for managing VPI that are sensitive to the local environment.

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Disclosure of Interest

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[Analysis of reproductive outcomes in the first IVF-ET cycle after laparoscopic treatment in patients with endometriosis]

Objective: To explore the effect of endometriosis (EM) on reproductive outcomes of young patient with EM after laparoscopic treatment in the first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle. Methods: The clinical data and reproductive outcomes of 394 infertile patients with EM after laparoscopic treatment (EM group) and 3 242 infertile patients caused by gamete transport disorder (control group) in the first IVF-ET cycle were collected in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from January 2016 to June 2021. The information included baseline characteristics, oocyte retrieval, embryo development, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to perform 1∶2 matching between EM group and control group. The impact of EM on reproductive outcomes was analyzed in the retrospective observational study. Results: In the initial data, compared with control group, the number of two pronucleus (2PN) zygotes (9.7±4.8 vs 9.0±4.4), the number of transferable embryos (6.2±3.6 vs 5.5±3.4) and the rate of transferable embryos (64.0% vs 60.8%) on the third day were significantly lower in EM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After PSM was performed, there were 394 and 787 cases in EM group and control group, respectively. Compared with control group, the number of 2PN zygotes (9.7±4.9 vs 9.0±4.4), the 2PN fertility rate (77.1% vs 75.3%), the number of transferable embryos on the third day (6.2±3.6 vs 5.5±3.4), the transferable embryos rate on the third day (63.8% vs 60.8%) were significantly lower in EM group, and the differences were statically significant (all P<0.05). The study did not find the effect of EM on embryo implantation rate, pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, live birth rate and preterm birth rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions: EM might interfere with the development of oocytes and embryos. Obtaining top-quality embryos may be an effective way to improve the prognosis of patients with EM after laparoscopic treatment.

[Reproducibility evaluation of air-charged catheter for rest urethral pressure profilometry]

We retrospectively included 53 (9 males, 44 females) patients who underwent rest urethral pressure profilometry (RUPP) due to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from May 2021 to March 2022. The age of patients was (55±16) (25-76) years old. The clinical diagnoses of the included patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were classified as: benign prostatic hyperplasia in 9 cases, interstitial cystitis in 1 case, stress urinary incontinence in 11 cases and non-obstructive dysuria in 32 cases. The full set of urodynamic examination was composed of bladder pressure measurement during the filling period, pressure flow study (PFS) and RUPP. All the urodynamic examination was performed by air-charged catheter (ACC) and corresponding equipment. All patients underwent RUPP measurements twice. The vesical pressure (Pves) values were (35.30±6.15), (35.81±5.91) cmH₂O (1 cmH₂O=0.098 kPa); the Pura@max were (141.91±36.53), (145.02±38.85) cmH₂O; functional urethral length were (41.70±16.34), (42.55±16.40) mm; the maximum urethral closure pressure for the two RUPP measurements were (106.57±36.44), (109.41±39.27) cmH₂O. There was no statistical difference between the two RUPP measurements (P>0.05). The reproducibility of the RUPP measurements obtained by ACC is good and deserves further study.

Conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy in relation to all-cause mortality among patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the benefits and harmful effects of conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

DESIGN

A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out.

SETTING

ICU.

PARTICIPANTS

Adult patients (aged 18 years or older) were randomized to either a lower oxygenation target strategy (conservative oxygen therapy) or a higher oxygenation target strategy (liberal oxygen therapy) in the ICU.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients received different oxygenation target strategies.

RESULTS

Ten studies involving 5429 adult patients admitted to the ICU were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed no decreased all-cause mortality at 28 days (RR 0.90; 95%CI 0.75-1.09; p = 0.28), 90 days (RR 1.02; 95%CI 0.92-1.13; p = 0.71) or longest follow-up (RR 0.97; 95%CI 0.88-1.08; p = 0.63) among patients administered conservative oxygen therapy. Secondary outcomes were comparable between the two groups. The results of sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were consistent with the main analyses.

CONCLUSION

No beneficial or harmful effects of conservative oxygen therapy were found compared to liberal oxygen therapy in relation to all-cause mortality among adult patients in the ICU. Conservative oxygen therapy did not reduce all-cause mortality at 28 days, 90 days or longest follow-up. Other important clinical outcomes were also comparable between the two groups.

The role of residential greenness levels, green land cover types and diversity in overweight/obesity among older adults: A cohort study

BACKGROUND

Few studies have investigated the effects of greenness exposure, green land cover types and diversity and their interaction with particulate matter (PM) to adiposity.

METHOD

Cohort data were collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Baseline data on greenness levels, green land cover types and diversity were assessed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), three greenery types (trees, shrublands and grassland) and Shannon's diversity index, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were separately used as dependent variables and represented for peripheral overweight/obesity and central obesity, respectively. The mixed Cox model with random intercept was used to estimate the effects of greenness levels, types and diversity on overweight/obesity using single and multiple exposure models. We also examined the interaction of PM and the aforementioned indicators on overweight/obesity on both additive and multiplicative scales.

RESULTS

Single exposure models showed that higher levels of residential greenness, tree coverage and ratio of trees to shrublands/grassland were inversely associated with peripheral overweight/obesity and central obesity. An increase in shrublands, grassland and diversity of green was related to lower odds of peripheral overweight/obesity. Multiple exposure models confirmed the association between greenness levels and peripheral overweight/obesity. Males, educated participants and elderly who lived in southern regions and areas with cleaner air environments acquired more benefits from greenspace exposure. Single and multiple exposure models indicated that an antagonistic effect of increasing PM and decreasing greenness levels on peripheral overweight/obesity and central obesity. Single exposure models showed the potential interaction of tree coverage, ratio of trees to grassland and PM_2.5 exposures on the risk of peripheral overweight/obesity.

CONCLUSION

Increasing residential greenness and diversity of green were associated with healthy weight status. The relationship between greenery and overweight/obesity varied, and the effects of greenspace exposure on overweight/obesity were associated with air pollution.

Energy Expenditure Estimation From Respiratory Magnetometer Plethysmography: A Comparison Study

Physical activity (PA) quantification by estimating energy expenditure (EE) is essential to health. Reference methods for EE estimation often involve expensive and cumbersome systems to wear. To address these problems, light-weighted and cost-effective portable devices are developed. Respiratory magnetometer plethysmography (RMP) is among such devices, based on the measurements of thoraco-abdominal distances. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study on EE estimation with low to high PA intensity with portable devices including the RMP. Fifteen healthy subjects aged 23.84±4.36 years were equipped with an accelerometer, a heart rate (HR) monitor, a RMP device and a gas exchange system, while performing 9 sedentary and physical activities: sitting, standing, lying, walking at 4 and 6 km/h, running at 9 and 12 km/h, biking at 90 and 110 W. An artificial neural network (ANN) as well as a support vector regression algorithm were developed using features derived from each sensor separately and jointly. We compared also three validation approaches for the ANN model: leave one out subject, 10 fold cross-validation, and subject-specific. Results showed that 1. for portable devices the RMP provided better EE estimation compared to accelerometer and HR monitor alone; 2. combining the RMP and HR data further improved the EE estimation performances; and 3. the RMP device was also reliable in EE estimation for various PA intensities.

Associations between Frailty and Ambient Temperature in Winter: Findings from a Population-Based Study

Frailty is an accumulation of deficits characterized by reduced resistance to stressors and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. However, there is little known about the effect of ambient temperature in winter on frailty among older adults, a population segment with the highest frailty prevalence. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the associations between frailty and ambient temperature in winter among older adults. This study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) of older adults aged ≥65 years from the 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014 waves. The 39-item accumulation of frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status of the participants. The FI was categorized into three groups as follows: robust (FI ≤ 0.10), prefrail (FI > 0.10 to <0.25), and frail (FI ≥ 0.25). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were conducted to explore the associations between frailty and ambient temperature in winter. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) modification was applied in the sensitivity analysis. A total of 9421 participants were included with a mean age of 82.81 (SD: 11.32) years. Compared with respondents living in the highest quartile (≥7.5 °C) of average temperature in January, those in the lowest quartile (<−1.9 °C) had higher odds of prefrailty (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.17−1.57) and frailty (OR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.32−1.95). The associations were stronger among the low-education groups, agricultural workers before retirement, and non-current exercisers. Additionally, results from the GEE model reported consistent findings. Lower levels of ambient temperature in winter were associated with higher likelihoods of prefrailty and frailty. The findings on vulnerability characteristics could help improve public health practices to tailor cold temperature health education and warning information.

[The prevalence and risk factors of diabetic peripheral artery disease in Chinese communities]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) managed in primary health care in China. Methods: A total of 2 528 T2DM patients were selected using a two-stage cluster random sampling method based on the baseline survey of the "China Diabetic Foot Prevention Model Project." The study was conducted in 2015 among T2DM patients in 8 primary healthcare centers in Changshu county and Jiang'an district of Wuhan, China. Data collection methods included a questionnaire, body measurement, and blood glucose detection. The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is the most widely used noninvasive vascular test. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors. Results: The prevalence of PAD was 11.2% among the diabetic patients managed in primary health care in the two cities. The prevalence of PAD under 55 years old, 55- years old, 65- years old, and ≥75 years old were 7.8%, 6.0%, 12.9% and 22.5%, respectively. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified influence factors included older age, higher education level, smoking, drinking, postprandial glucose uncontrol, and prior myocardial infarction or angina. Compared to age <55 years, the odds ratio for PAD were 0.74 for 55- years (95%CI: 0.43-1.28), 1.72 for 65- years (95%CI: 1.05-2.81), 3.56 for 75 years and above (95%CI: 2.07-6.11), respectively. Compared to patients with education in primary school and below, the odds ratio was 1.37 (95%CI: 0.97-1.94), 2.48 (95%CI: 1.73-3.55), 1.99 (95%CI: 1.26-3.13) for those with education levels of junior high school, senior high school, and college, respectively. Current smoking (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.02-2.17), current drinking (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.28-0.71), postprandial glucose uncontrol (2 h postprandial plasma glucose >10.0 mmol/L: OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.22-2.43), and prior myocardial infarction or angina (OR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.50-3.61) were influencing factors of PAD. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of PAD in diabetes managed in primary health care; multiple risk factors are not effectively aware of and under control. It is urgent to promote ABI screening and standardized management for diabetes, especially in primary health care.

[Progress in research and development of soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting and its supporting equipment]

As a cutting-edge technology of tissue engineering, three-dimensional bioprinting can accurately fabricate biomimetic tissue, which has made great progress in the field of hard tissue printing such as bones and teeth. Meanwhile, the research on soft tissue bioprinting is also developing rapidly. This article mainly discussed the development progress in various bioprinting technologies and supporting equipment including printing software, printing hardware, supporting consumables, and bioreactors for soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting, and made a prospect for the future research and development direction of soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting.

The impact of household wastewater on the frailty state of the elderly in China: based on a long-term cohort study in China

China's household wastewater discharge has gradually increased, and its composition has become more complex, but the discharge treatment system is not perfect. At present, there is a lack of research on the impact of domestic wastewater on human health, especially on the frailty of the elderly. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the relationship between living wastewater and its main components and the frailty status of the elderly. The research data comes from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which consists of participants over 60 years old who participated in the three-wave survey in 2008, 2011, and 2014 and combined with domestic wastewater data in the statistical yearbook. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to assess the link between living wastewater and frailty status in the elderly. The single-pollutant model showed that there was a positive correlation between the discharge of household wastewater and the frailty of the elderly, OR (4.443), 95%CI (3.591, 5.498); ammonia nitrogen had a positive correlation with the frail state of the elderly, OR (4.527), 95%CI (3.587, 5.714); chemical oxygen demand (COD) had a negative association with whether the elderly are frail, OR (0.776), 95%CI (0.609, 0.988). After adjusting for covariates, there was still a positive correlation between household wastewater and the frailty of the elderly, OR (2.792), 95%CI (2.233, 3.492); a positive correlation between ammonia nitrogen and the frail state of the elderly, OR (2.894), 95%CI (2.284, 3.666). The association between COD and the frail state of the elderly, OR (0.823), 95%CI (0.640, 1.058), showed no correlation between the two. The results show that household wastewater may affect the health of the elderly, promote the occurrence of a frail state of the elderly, and increase the medical burden.

[Expression characteristics and diagnostic value of angiogenic molecules in intravenous leiomyomatosis]

Objective: This study aims to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with intravenous leiomyoma (IVL), and to explore the expression characteristics and diagnostic value of angiogenesis related molecules in IVL. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 40 patients with IVL at Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2013 to April 2021 were reviewed. Log-rank test was performed to compare the difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates among patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on 10 angiogenesis related molecules to analyze their expression characteristics in IVL. The sensitivity and specificity of molecules with high expression rates in the diagnosis of IVL were calculated, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted and the area under ROC (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value. Results: Median age of the 40 patients was 47 (43, 50) years. The clinical manifestations of IVL were atypical with the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound was 12.5% (5/40), CT and/or MRI was 26.7% (8/30), and intraoperative frozen section was 30.0% (12/40). The overall recurrence rate of IVL was 10.0% (4/40). The Log-rank test showed that the cumulative recurrence-free survival rate of IVL patients with previous cesarean section (40.9%) was lower than that of those without cesarean section (96.4%) (P<0.05); and their median RFS time was shorter than those without cesarean section (16.4 months vs 22.2 months). The overall positive rates of adrenomedullin (ADM), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and angiogenin receptor tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (TIE1) were 65.0% (26/40), 75.0% (30/40), 57.5% (23/40) and 50.0% (20/40), respectively. FGFR1 expression intensity and positive rate were higher in tumors with a maximum diameter greater than 5 cm than in tumors with a maximum diameter smaller than 5 cm (P<0.05). The AUC of FGFR1 combined with ADM, VEGFR3, and TIE1 was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.788-0.964, P<0.001). Conclusions: There was no typical clinical manifestation of IVL. A history of the previous cesarean section indicated a lower cumulative recurrence-free survival rate and shorter recurrence interval. It was hard to diagnose IVL by sonography, radiography, or frozen section pathology. FGFR1, ADM, VEGFR3, and TIE1 were all highly expressed in IVL, and the efficacy of the combination of the four molecules in diagnosing IVL was higher than that of imaging and classical vascular endothelial markers, which are expected to be promising molecular diagnostic markers.

POS0397 SSD6453, A NOVEL AND HIGHLY SELECTIVE BTK/JAK3 DUAL INHIBITOR IS EFFICACIOUS IN MULTIPLE PRE-CLINICAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATION

Background

The mechanism of inflammatory diseases is complicated and dysfunction of multiple immune cells is thought to be directly related to the pathogenesis. Targeting either JAK-STAT or BCR signaling has been proved solid clinical efficacy in multiple inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). And the combination of BTK and JAK inhibitors demonstrated synergistic effects for the treatment of inflammation models in pre-clinic. JAK3 expression is largely restricted to leukocytes and involves functions in JAK1/JAK3 heterodimer in signal transduction, it might be a more effective and safer target. Meanwhile, both BTK and JAK3 possess a cysteine residue in their active site and this feature makes it possible to design a dual inhibitor. SSD6453 is a highly selective and irreversible JAK3/BTK dual inhibitor which may have synergistic effects for the treatment of RA and other inflammatory diseases such as MS.

Objectives

To develop a potent, oral, highly selective JAK3/BTK inhibitor for treatment of multiple inflammatory diseases.

Methods

ADP-GLO based biochemical assays were performed to determine the enzymatic inhibitory effect and selectivity for JAK family. The target engagement was evaluated by IgM induced pBTK and IL-2 induced pSTAT5 in human PBMCs. In vivo efficacy was evaluated by rat collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) model and mice experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models induced by MOG1-125 or MOG35-55, respectively. BTK occupancy in spleens post last dose 24h and IL-2 induced pSTAT5 in whole blood post last dose 0.5h were used to evaluate targets inhibitions. Osteoclast was stained by IHC in pathological section of rat paws.

Results

In biochemical assays, SSD6453 inhibited BTK and JAK3 with the IC50 values of 3.4 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. Notably, SSD6453 displayed high selectivity against JAK1 (510 fold), JAK2 (75 fold) and TYK2 (525 fold). In cellular assays, SSD6453 inhibited anti-IgM induced pBTK and IL-2 induced pSTAT5 in human PBMCs with the IC50 values of 18.8 nM and 168.8 nM, respectively. SSD6453 demonstrated favorable PK properties in broad pre-clinical species. Single oral administration of SSD6453 in rat or mouse, resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of BTK and JAKs concurrently. In the rat CIA model in which disease development was accompanied by a robust T-cell and B-cell inflammation response to collagen, SSD6453 dose-dependently inhibited paw edema. And SSD6453 at 10mpk achieved complete (95%) BTK occupancy and JAK3 inhibition and superior efficacy in comparison of tofacitinib (JAK@10 mpk) or evobrutinib (BTK @30mpk) alone, suggesting that concurrent inhibition of JAK3 and BTK lead to synergistic anti-inflammation effects. In addition, ED-1+ osteoclast count decrease was observed in paws, suggesting the prevention of SSD6453 in joint destruction. In two EAE models either induced by MOG1-125 or MOG35-55, which represented T or B dominant inflammation model, respectively, SSD6453 robustly ameliorated disease in both two models. In comparison, BTK inhibitor is efficacious only in the MOG1-125 induced model.

Conclusion

SSD6453 is a novel and high selective BTK/JAK3 dual inhibitor, and demonstrated synergistic efficacy in multiple pre-clinic inflammation models. SSD6453 showed good pharmacokinetic characteristics and well-tolerant in multiple pre-clinical species, and is moving to IND in 2022.

Disclosure of Interests

Feng Zhou Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: The work is financially support by Simcere, Employee of: Simcere, Lei Jiang Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: The work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of Simcere, Yuxi Yan Grant/research support from: The work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of Simcere, Wenqing Yang Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: the work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of Simcere, Feng Tang Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: The work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of simcere, Ping Chen Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: The work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of Simcere, Renhong Tang Shareholder of: I own the shares of Simcere, Grant/research support from: The work is financially supported by Simcere, Employee of: I am employee of Simcere.

[Outcomes and prognosis of radical surgery in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma]

Objective: To evaluate the survival, complications and prognostic factors in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by primarily radical surgery with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated in the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent Querleu-Morrow classification (Q-M classification) C2 radical surgery, including extensive hysterectomy+pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy based on postoperative risk factors. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival curve was drawn. Univariate analysis was performed by using the log-rank test to analyze the clinicopathological factors related to the prognosis of patients. Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox regression method to analyze independent risk factors affecting survival prognosis. Results: (1) The median age of 643 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 50 years old (45-58 years old). Clinical stage: 260 cases (40.4%, 260/643) of stage Ⅰb2, 383 cases (59.6%, 383/643) of stage Ⅱa2. (2) Among 643 cases underwent Q-M classification C2 surgery, 574 cases (89.3%, 574/643) of them received adjuvant therapy and 184 cases (28.6%, 184/643) of them had grade 3-4 complications after treatment, including 134 cases (20.8%, 134/643) early complications and 66 cases (10.3%, 66/643) late complications. The incidence of grade 3-4 complications in 574 patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy was 30.1% (173/574), which was significantly different from that in 69 patients who received surgery alone (15.9%, 11/69; χ²=6.08, P=0.014). (3) All 643 cases were followed up, and the median follow-up time was 40 months (3-76 months). During the follow-up period, 117 cases (18.2%, 117/643) recurred, including 45 cases (7.0%, 45/643) of local recurrence, 54 cases (8.4%, 54/643) of distant metastasis, and 18 cases (2.8%, 18/643) of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma were 79.9% and 85.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis, para-aortic lymph node metastasis, deep stromal infiltration, and lymph-vascular space invasion were significantly associated with 5-year PFS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.05). The maximum diameter of tumor, pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with the 5-year OS of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stages Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were independent factors affecting 5-year PFS and 5-year OS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Radical surgery is a feasible and effective primary treatment for stagesⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, with a high 5-year survival rate and an acceptable complication rate.

The long-term effect of dental treatment under general anaesthesia or physical restraints on children's dental anxiety and behaviour

AIM

Dental anxiety (DA) is a common problem worldwide because it renders dental treatment in children challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) or physical restraints (PR) on children's DA and behaviour.

METHODS

A total of 103 children were recruited and divided into four groups: the GA group, PR group, cooperative (CO) group, and no experience (NE) group. The face version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and modified Venham's Clinical Anxiety and Cooperative Behaviour Rating Scale were used to evaluate the level of DA and behaviour.

CONCLUSION

Dental treatment under GA is associated with a higher risk for DA when compared with that under PR in the long term. Increased DA may lead to uncooperative dental behaviour, although the agreement is only moderate.

Experimental Verification of Dissipation-Time Uncertainty Relation

Dissipation is vital to any cyclic process in realistic systems. Recent research focus on nonequilibrium processes in stochastic systems has revealed a fundamental trade-off, called dissipation-time uncertainty relation, that entropy production rate associated with dissipation bounds the evolution pace of physical processes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 120604 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.120604]. Following the dissipative two-level model exemplified in the same Letter, we experimentally verify this fundamental trade-off in a single trapped ultracold ^{40}Ca^{+} ion using elaborately designed dissipative channels, along with a postprocessing method developed in the data analysis, to build the effective nonequilibrium stochastic evolutions for the energy transfer between two heat baths mediated by a qubit. Since the dissipation-time uncertainty relation imposes a constraint on the quantum speed regarding entropy flux, our observation provides the first experimental evidence confirming such a speed restriction from thermodynamics on quantum operations due to dissipation, which helps us further understand the role of thermodynamical characteristics played in quantum information processing.

Association between migration paths and mental health of new-generation migrants in China: The mediating effect of social integration

BACKGROUND

The new-generation migrants born in 1980 and later are large and vulnerable internal migrants in China. Migration paths and social integration are important factors to explain for their mental health. However, they faced difficulties in social integration varying from migration paths. We aimed to explore the mediating role of social integration between migration paths and the mental health of new-generation migrants.

METHODS

The migration paths included urban-to-urban, urban-to-rural, rural-to-urban and rural-to-rural. Mental health was assessed by the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) and the Perceived Stress Scales (PSS-4). Social integration was measured by economic integration, life integration, maintenance of the local culture, acceptance of the host culture and psychological integration. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine the mediating effect.

RESULTS

A total of 9,830 new-generation migrants were included in this study. The mean age was 26.92 (SD = 4.47) years and the proportion of rural-to-urban migrants was 63.7%. Compared with the new generation of rural-to-rural migrants, rural-to-urban migrants had higher psychological distress (β = 0.305, 95% CI: 0.152-0.458) and perceived stress (β = 0.328, 95% CI: 0.199-0.456). The bootstrapping test found that two dimensions ("life integration" and "acceptance of the host culture") of social integration as a mediator weakened the negative effect of the rural-to-urban migration path on the mental health of new-generation migrants.

CONCLUSION

Rural-to-urban migrants had poorer mental health, and the association was mediated by their poorer social integration. The migration policies developed to enhance social integration could effectively improve the mental health of new-generation migrants.

Residential elevation and its effects on hypertension incidence among older adults living at low altitudes: a prospective cohort study

Background

Research on the relationship between residential altitude and hypertension incidence has been inconclusive. Evidence at low altitudes (i.e., <1,500 m) is scarce, let alone in older adults, a population segment with the highest hypertension prevalence. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine whether hypertension risk may be affected by altitude in older adults living at low altitudes.

Methods

This prospective cohort study collected data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We selected 6,548 older adults (≥65 years) without hypertension at baseline (2008) and assessed events by the follow-up surveys done in 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves. The mean altitude of 613 residential units (county or district) in which the participants resided was extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was accurate to within 30 m. The Cox regression model with penalized splines examined the linear or nonlinear link between altitude and hypertension. A random-effects Cox regression model was used to explore the linear association between altitude and hypertension.

Results

The overall rate of incident hypertension was 8.6 per 100-person years. The median altitude was 130.0 m (interquartile range [IQR] = 315.5 m). We observed that the exposure–response association between altitude and hypertension incidence was not linear. The shape of the exposure–response curve showed that three change points existed. Hypertension risk increased from the lowest to the first change point (247.1 m) and slightly fluctuated until the last change point (633.9 m). The risk decreased above the last change point. According to the categories stratified by the change points, altitude was only significantly associated with hypertension risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002–1.005) under the first change point (247.1 m) after adjusting for related covariates.

Conclusion

Our study found that the association between altitude and hypertension risk might not be linear. We hope the further study can be conducted to confirm the generality of our findings.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00001.

Enhanced Anti-Atherosclerotic Efficacy of pH-Responsively Releasable Ganglioside GM3 Delivered by Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein

Recently, the atheroprotective role of endogenous GM3 and an atherogenesis-inhibiting effect of exogenous GM3 suggested a possibility of exogenous GM3 being recruited as an anti-atherosclerotic drug. This study seeks to endow exogenous GM3 with atherosclerotic targetability via reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL), an atherosclerotic targeting drug nanocarrier. Unloaded rHDL, rHDL loaded with exogenous GM3 at a low concentration (GM3_L-rHDL), and rHDL carrying GM3 at a relatively high concentration (GM3_H-rHDL) were prepared and characterized. The inhibitory effect of GM3-rHDL on lipid deposition in macrophages was confirmed, and GM3-rHDL did not affect the survival of red blood cells. In vivo experiments using ApoE^-/- mice fed a high fat diet further confirmed the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of exogenous GM3 and demonstrated that GM3 packed in HDL nanoparticles (GM3-rHDL) has an enhanced anti-atherosclerotic efficacy and a reduced effective dose of GM3. Then, the macrophage- and atherosclerotic plaque-targeting abilities of GM3-rHD, most likely via the interaction of ApoA-I on GM3-rHDL with its receptors (e.g., SR-B1) on cells, were certified via a microsphere-based method and an aortic fragment-based method, respectively. Moreover, we found that solution acidification enhanced GM3 release from GM3-rHDL nanoparticles, implying the pH-responsive GM3 release when GM3-rHDL enters the acidic atherosclerotic plaques from the neutral blood. The rHDL-mediated atherosclerotic targetability and pH-responsive GM3 release of GM3-rHDL enhanced the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of exogenous GM3. The development of the GM3-rHDL nanoparticle may help with the application of exogenous GM3 as a clinical drug. Moreover, the data imply that the GM3-rHDL nanoparticle has the potential of being recruited as a drug nanocarrier with atherosclerotic targetability and enhanced anti-atherosclerotic efficacy.

Efficacy and safety of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Ivermectin became a popular choice for COVID-19 treatment among clinicians and the public following encouraging results from pre-print trials and in vitro studies. Early reviews recommended the use of ivermectin based largely on non-peer-reviewed evidence, which may not be robust. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of ivermectin for treating COVID-19 based on peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs).

METHODS

MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed were searched from 1 January 2020 to 1 September 2021 for relevant studies. Outcomes included time to viral clearance, duration of hospitalization, mortality, incidence of mechanical ventilation and incidence of adverse events. RoB2 and ROBINS-I were used to assess risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. GRADE was used to evaluate quality of evidence.

RESULTS

Three OSs and 14 RCTs were included in the review. Most RCTs were rated as having some concerns in regards to risk of bias, while OSs were mainly rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Based on meta-analysis of RCTs, the use of ivermectin was not associated with reduction in time to viral clearance, duration of hospitalization, incidence of mortality and incidence of mechanical ventilation. Ivermectin did not significantly increase incidence of adverse events. Meta-analysis of OSs agrees with findings from RCT studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on very low to moderate quality of evidence, ivermectin was not efficacious at managing COVID-19. Its safety profile permits its use in trial settings to further clarify its role in COVID-19 treatment.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION

The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021275302).

[Comparison of single incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with and without extraperitoneal special channel device]

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of single-incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) with and without extraperitoneal special channel device. Methods: The clinical data of 70 patients who had undergone RARP in the Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, including 29 cases who were operated on without special channel device (group A) and 41 cases with special channel device (group B). All operations were performed by robot-assisted single-incision retrograde bladder neck exfoliation via extraperitoneal approach in patients by the same operator. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the bladder neck urethral anastomosis time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative exhaust time, positive rate of incisal margin, indwelling time of urinary catheter, retention rate of postoperative erectile function, satisfaction rate of immediate postoperative urine control, positive rate of postoperative lymph node pathology, incision length, treatment cost and the rate of prostate specific antigen (PSA)lower than 0.2 μg/L at 6 weeks after operation were compared between the two groups. Results: All 70 cases were operated successfully. The difference of age[ (68.9±3.9) vs (69.4±5.4) years], preoperative PSA level[14.1(6.3, 19.8)vs13.7(5.8, 18.1)μg/L], prostate volume[44.8(30.7,172.6)vs 56.3(40.9,163.4)ml ] of the two groups was not statistically significant(all P>0.05). The difference of operation time [ (59.1±18.5) vs (59.6±18.0) min ], intraoperative blood loss [93(66,198)vs 95(68,203) ml ], bladder neck urethral anastomosis time [ (12.6±1.3) vs (13.7±2.8) min ], postoperative hospital stay [ (8.1±2.3) vs (9.1±1.3) d], postoperative exhaust time [ (1.4±0.6) vs (1.3±0.6) d], positive rate of incisal margin (20.7% vs 19.5%), indwelling time of the urinary catheter after operation [ (6.8±1.5) vs (7.1±2.0) d ], the retention rate of postoperative erectile function (31.0% vs 27.0%), the satisfaction rate of immediate postoperative urine control (79.3% vs 75.6%), the positive rate of postoperative lymph node pathology (17.2% vs 14.6%), the length of incision [ (5.1±0.5) vs (6.1±0.4) cm ], the rate of PSA lower than 0.2 μg/L at 6 weeks after operation (86.2% vs 83.0%) of the two groups was not statistically significant(all P>0.05). The operation cost of group A[(62 000±4 000) yuan]was lower than group B[(68 000±4 000) yuan] (P<0.05). Conclusion: Extraperitoneal non-special channel device single-incision RARP is safe and feasible.

Investigating the Potential Mechanism of Pydiflumetofen Resistance in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most damaging and economically important plant pathogens. Pydiflumetofen, which was developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, has already been registered in China for the management of Sclerotinia stem rot, which was caused by S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. In an attempt to preempt and forestall the development of resistance to this useful fungicide, the current study was initiated to investigate the potential mechanism of resistance in laboratory mutants. Five pydiflumetofen-resistant S. sclerotiorum mutants were successfully generated by repeated exposure to the fungicide under laboratory conditions. Although the mutants had greatly reduced sensitivity to pydiflumetofen, they were also found to have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fitness, exhibiting reduced mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on potato dextrose agar medium. However, three of the four mutants had significantly (P < 0.05) increased pathogenicity on detached soybean leaves compared with their respective parental isolates, indicating a moderate to high level of fungicide resistance risk according to the criteria of the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. Sequence analysis of four succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) target genes identified several nucleotide changes in the sequences of the pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants, most of which were synonymous and caused no changes to the predicted amino acid sequences. However, all of the pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants had two amino acid point mutations (A11V and V162A) in their predicted SsSdhB sequence. No similar changes were found in the SsSdhA, SsSdhC, and SsSdhD genes of any of the mutants tested. In addition, there was a positive cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and boscalid, and no cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and other commonly used fungicides, including tebuconazole, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, dimethachlone, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, fluazinam, procymidone, and carbendazim. These results indicate that pydiflumetofen has great potential as an alternative fungicide for the control of S. sclerotiorum, especially where resistance to other fungicides has already emerged. Mixing or alternate application with fludioxonil, prochloraz, and fluazinam could be used to limit the risk of resistance to pydiflumetofen.

[Effect of measurement sites on coronary computed tomography angiography-derived instantaneous wave-free ratio in the diagnosis of coronary stenosis ischemia]

Objective: To explore the influence of measurement sites on the diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) -derived instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR_CT) for coronary stenosis ischemia. Methods: A total of 44 patients, including 27 males and 17 females aged from 44 to 83 (59±90) years, who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the Department of Radiology, Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from February 2009 to May 2018 were retrospectively collected. Based on CCTA images, iFR_CT values at different locations (stenosis, proximal downstream of stenosis, 2 cm downstream of stenosis, 3 cm downstream of stenosis, and 4 cm downstream of stenosis) were calculated through fluid mechanics simulation. With invasive FFR≤0.80 as the reference standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze and evaluate the diagnostic performance of iFR_CT in different sites. Bland-Altman and spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the consistency between iFR_CT and invasive FFR. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and spearman correlation coefficient were used to test the repeatability of iFR_CT. Results: iFR_CT values at the proximal downstream of the stenosis (approximately 1 cm downstream of the stenosis) was superior to other measurement sites in the diagnosis of coronary ischemic specific stenosis. The threshold, area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of iFR_CT at the stenosis were 0.91, 0.87 (95%CI:0.76~0.96), 82% (95%CI:48%~97%), 76% (95%CI:57%~88%) and 77% (95%CI: 63%~87%), respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences between iFR_CT and FFR at the proximal downstream of the stenosis was 0.07 (95%LoA: 0.06~0.09) and Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.53 (P<0.001). At the proximal downstream of the stenosis, the intraobserver ICC of iFR_CT was 0.92 (95%CI: 0.85 ~0.95), the correlation coefficient was 0.85 (P<0.001); the interobserver ICC was 0.84 (95%CI: 0.60~0.94), correlation coefficient was 0.75 (P<0.001), demonstrating good repeatability between iFR_CT and FFR. Conclusion: With the invasive FFR value as reference standard, iFR_CT had a high diagnostic performance in detecting myocardial ischemia and the best measurement site was the proximal downstream of the stenosis.