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Aung PP, Han KT, Groot W, Biesma R, Thein ZW, Htay T, Lin Z, Aye KH, Adams M, Pavlova M. Heterogeneity in the prevalence of subclinical malaria, other co-infections and anemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Myanmar: a community-based longitudinal study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:22. [PMID: 38459581 PMCID: PMC10921590 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the low prevalence of clinically suspected malaria among pregnant women in Myanmar, little is known about its impact on mothers and newborns. Helminth and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) co-infections cause anemia in pregnant women. This study assessed the prevalence of subclinical malaria and co-infections among pregnant women, and its association with adverse outcomes of pregnancy in the presence of infection. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 12 villages in two townships in Myanmar between 2013 to 2015. A total of 752 pregnant women, with a mean age of 27 years, were enrolled and followed up once a month until six weeks after childbirth. Prevalence ratio was calculated in the multivariable analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of subclinical malaria as measured by nested PCR was 5.7% for either P. falciparum or P. vivax, 2.7% prevalence of P. falciparum and 2.8% prevalence of P. vivax. Helminth infections were prevalent in 17% of women, and one woman with an HIV infection was found in our study. The burden of anemia was high, with an overall prevalence of 37% with or without helminth infection, 42% of the women were malaria positive and 43% had dual infections (both malaria and helminth). Only 11 abnormal pregnancy outcomes (7 stillbirths, 2 premature, 2 twins) were identified. Poisson regression showed that women in their first trimester had a 2.9 times higher rate of subclinical malaria compared to women in the third trimester (PR:2.9, 95%CI 1.19, 7.31, p = 0.019), women who were enrolled during the wet season were 2.5 times more likely to be malaria positive than the women enrolled in the dry season (PR: 2.5, 95%CI 1.27, 4.88, p = 0.008), and the malaria positivity rate decreased by 5% when increased in one year of woman's age (PR:0.95, 95%CI 0.91, 0.99, p = 0.02). In the multivariable regression, the age of respondents was the only significant factor associated with subclinical malaria in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive approach of integrating interventions for malaria, anemia, and helminths should be delivered during antenatal care services for pregnant women in rural areas of Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poe Poe Aung
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Malaria Consortium, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kay Thwe Han
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wim Groot
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Regien Biesma
- Global Health Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zaw Win Thein
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thura Htay
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaw Lin
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Kyin Hla Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Matthew Adams
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milena Pavlova
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Alharazi T. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A hospital-based study. Helminthologia 2023; 60:201-207. [PMID: 38152474 PMCID: PMC10750245 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women have been associated with severe adverse outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and mother and fetus morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Taiz, Yemen. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic and other explanatory variables were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The study included a total of 393 pregnant women. Results Of the 393 pregnant women screened for intestinal parasites, 144 (36.6 %) had at least one parasite. The most common intestinal parasite was Giardia lamblia (12.2 %), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (10.9 %), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.4 %), Enterobius vermicularis (14.3 %), and Hymenolepis nana (1.8 %). Being a farmer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69-4.26, p = 0:003) and drinking from unsafe water wells, streams, rain, and dams (AOR = 2:6, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25, p ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with IPIs. Conclusion Pregnant women in the study area still face a severe health burden due to intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, it is recommended that health education should be improved, and safe tap water should be provided to pregnant women to reduce the incidence of IPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Abbas G, Hussain A, Hussain A, Ahmed Z, Abbas Y, Nemat A. Geostatistical analysis for spatial distribution of anemia (Hb level) among women of reproductive age and determinant factors. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4183-4190. [PMID: 37457163 PMCID: PMC10345706 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to assess the geostatistical spatial distribution of anemia and determinant factors among the women of reproductive age group (RAG) in Gilgit district, Pakistan. The Hb levels for 15-25 RAG, 26-35 RAG, and 36-45 group showed 10.22 g/dL, 10.41 g/dL, and 9.90 g/dL levels, respectively, while the Hb level showed a nugget/sill ratio of 0.21 inferring strong for the 15-25 group, weak for the 26-36, and moderate for 36-45 spatial dependence. Furthermore, 15-25 RAG showed 8% severe and 33.34% sufficient cases and 26-35 showed 12% severe and 29.33% sufficient results in their Hb level, whereas 36-45 had 9.34% severe and 29.33% sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Biological SciencesKarakoram International UniversityGilgitPakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food TechnologyKarakoram International UniversityGilgitPakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food TechnologyKarakoram International UniversityGilgitPakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Management and Technology LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas
- Department of Agriculture and Food TechnologyKarakoram International UniversityGilgitPakistan
| | - Arash Nemat
- Kabul University of Medical SciencesKabulAfghanistan
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Mosisa G, Diriba DC, Tsegaye R, Kejela G, Bayisa D, Oluma A, Wakuma B, Abadiga M, Turi E, Abera T, Bayisa L, Tufa G. Burden of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 37020236 PMCID: PMC10077618 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-023-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultimate goal of preventing intestinal parasites among pregnant women is to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Numerous primary studies were conducted in East Africa presented intestinal parasite infection and associated factors among pregnant women. However, the pooled finding is not known. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasite infection and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa. METHODS Articles published from 2009 to 2021 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and HINARI databases. The search for unpublished studies such as thesis and dissertations was checked in Addis Ababa University and Africa Digital Library. PRISMA checklist was used to report the review. Articles published in the English Language were considered. The data were extracted by two authors using data extraction checklists on Microsoft excel. Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked using I2 statistics on forest plots. Sensitivity and sub-group analyses were conducted to assess the presence of primary studies, and study characteristics responsible for the observed heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 43 identified articles, about 23 articles were removed due to duplications. Then, by assessing the abstracts and full texts, four articles were removed because they failed to meet the eligibility criteria. Finally, 16 articles were included in the systematic and meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites among pregnant women in East Africa was 38.54 (28.77, 48.32). In this study, variables like residing in rural areas (OR: 3.75; CI: 1.15,12.16), availability of latrine(OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.22, 3.91), eating raw fruits/vegetables (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.11). and sources of water as unprotected sources (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.11,4.35) show statistically significant association with the increased burden of intestinal parasites among pregnant women. CONCLUSION The burden of intestinal parasite infection among pregnant women in East Africa was high. Therefore, efforts should be made in deworming pregnant women at the community and institutional level by stakeholders to reduce the burden of intestinal parasite infections and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Mosisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Dereje Chala Diriba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Tsegaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Gemechu Kejela
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Oluma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Muktar Abadiga
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tesfaye Abera
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tufa
- Department of Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
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Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Treatment and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Sao Tome and Principe: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:7492020. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health problem in developing countries such as Sao Tome and Principe (STP) although the pregnancy burden of IPIs is unknown in this endemic country. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IPIs, prescribed anthelmintics, and associated factors among pregnant women admitted to Hospital Dr. Ayres de Menezes (HAM). Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women admitted to the HAM who had undergone antenatal copro-parasitological screening. Data were abstracted from antenatal care (ANC) cards regarding parasitological results and anthelmintic prescriptions. A structured questionnaire face-to-face interview was also applied. Pregnant women with an IPI (210) were compared to noninfected women (151). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with IPIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. A
value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 361 participants (210 IPI and 151 no-IPI) with a mean age of 26.96 (SD: 7.00) were included. The overall prevalence of IPI was 58.2% (95% CI 52.9 to 63.3), mainly due to helminthiasis, with a 55.9% (95% CI 50.7–61.2%) rate. Ascaris lumbricoides (90.9%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Trichuris trichiura (13.8%). Polyparasitism was observed in 25 cases (11.9%). Anthelmintics were prescribed to 23% of pregnant women. S intercalatum (11) and E histolytica (7) infections were not adequately treated. IPI was significantly associated with primary education (AOR 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10–2.71)), unemployment (AOR 1.94 (95% CI: 1.20–3.13)), and parity of five or above (AOR 3.82 (95% CI: 1.32–11.08)). Conclusion. This study highlights the IPI burden, associated factors, and missing treatment opportunities among pregnant women with STP. This study is a useful tool for policymakers in STP to enhance the health of women and their unborn babies.
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Teratogenic Evaluation of 80% Ethanol Extract of Embelia schimperi Vatke Fruits on Rat Embryo and Fetuses. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:4310521. [PMID: 36317073 PMCID: PMC9617728 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4310521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Embelia schimperi Vatke (family Myrsinaceae) is a commonly consumed anthelminthic plant in Ethiopia. The plant has significant efficacy in treating intestinal worms. However, there are limited data about the safety/toxicity of the plant. Moreover, the teratogenic effect of the plant is not yet well studied despite significant number of Ethiopian mothers consuming herbal medication during their pregnancy. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit on rat embryos and fetuses. Methods Pregnant albino Wistar rats were treated with 80% hydroalcoholic fruit extract of E. schimperi at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg dosage, whilst the controls were pair-fed and ad libitum groups. Maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, number of implantations, number of prior resorptions, fetal viability, fetal weight, fetal and embryonic crown-ramp length, placental weight, placental gross morphology and histopathology of placental tissue, number of somites, embryonic system, gross/visceral morphological malformations, and ossification centers were evaluated as teratogenicity indices. Results The crude extract of E. schimperi did not exhibit a significant difference in most developmental indices including the development of a circulatory system, nervous system, and musculoskeletal systems among treated animals and the controls. However, histopathological evaluation of placentas from the treatment groups showed that inflammatory reactions and calcifications compared to the pair-fed and ad libitum controls. Conclusion Administration of the 80% hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit during the period of organogenesis in rats did not show a significant toxic effect on embryonic and fetal developmental indices. However, it might affect the structural integrity of the placenta as it is evidenced by inflammatory reactions and calcifications of decidua basalis of rat placenta.
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Prevalence and predictors of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267005. [PMID: 35895619 PMCID: PMC9328503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia limited information is available regarding the prevalence and predictors of anemia in pregnancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia and also identified its predictors.
Materials and methods
The published primary studies were searched in the following electronic databases; PubMed/Medline, Google scholars, AJOL, and EMBASE. All primary studies published from 01/01/2010 to 30/05/2020 and written in English language were included without restriction on study setting and design. Critical appraisal of all available articles was done and extracted data was analyzed using STATA software version 14. The pooled prevalence of anemia was presented using a forest plot. The I2 statistical test for heterogeneity, and the Egger’s and Begg’s tests for publication bias were used. The relative risk was used to assess the association of predictor variables with anemia.
Result
After screening 274 articles, sixty studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 26.4(95% CI: 23.1, 29.6). Sub-group analysis showed higher pooled prevalence from community-based studies than institutional-based studies. Factors that were protective against maternal anemia included urban residence, formal education and smaller family size. Short birth interval and not having antenatal care (ANC) are associated with a higher risk of maternal anemia. Women with low dietary diversity [RR: 2.61(95% CI, 1.85, 3.68)], mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm [RR: 2.35(95% CI, 1.53, 3.68)] and those not taking iron-folic acid [RR: 1.53(95% CI: 1.30, 1.81)] also had a higher risk of anemia.
Conclusion
Almost one in four pregnant women in Ethiopia had anemia. Being literate, living in urban areas with small family size and adequate birth spacing, as well as good dietary diversity are associated with a lower risk of anemia in pregnancy.
Registration number
(ID: CRD42020211054).
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Balis B, Dessie Y, Debella A, Alemu A, Tamiru D, Negash B, Bekele H, Getachew T, Eyeberu A, Mesfin S, Eshetu B, Merga BT, Habte S, Yadeta TA. Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:867888. [PMID: 35719616 PMCID: PMC9198702 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.867888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a significant public health issue, accounting for 20–40% of maternal deaths. Despite the government's commitment and the interventions of various stakeholders, the magnitude and major risk factors of anemia remain unabated. Though there are few documented studies on anemia among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia in general, in the study area in particular, some of the variables such as helminthics and history of caesarian section in relation to anemia need to be studied. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in University Hospital in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 456 clients who were attending antenatal care in Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital from 01 to 30 June 2021. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and sample collection were used to collect the data. The data were coded, double-entered to Epi data version 3.1, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequency distributions. Variables with p-value < 0.25 during bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression models to control for all possible confounders to identify the factors associated with a magnitude of anemia. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Result A total of 456 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.9%. The magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 112 [(25.3%) 95%CI: (21.5–29.2%)], of which, 27 (6.10%), 36 (8.13%), and 49 (11.08%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Birth interval < 2 years [AOR: 3.24, (95% CI: (1.88, 4.32)], number of children ≥2 [AOR: 2.54, (95% CI: (1.12, 4.64)], monthly income < 1,000 birr [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: (1.31, 5.58)], third trimester pregnancy [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: 4.86, 12.62)], and abnormal menstrual history [AOR: 2.28, (95% CI: (1.69, 5.24)] were the factors significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion Anemia among pregnant women was relatively high compared to previous studies. Birth intervals, number of children, history of menstrual disorder, monthly income, and trimester of pregnancy were all significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Sinetibeb Mesfin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Habte
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.,School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Northwest Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:9065425. [PMID: 35586157 PMCID: PMC9110238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasite infections are among the most common infections worldwide. They pose a high burden in pregnant women in developing countries causing maternal anemia, low birth weight, and prenatal mortality. This study is aimed at assessing intestinal parasite infection prevalence, species diversity, and associated factors among pregnant women. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Debre Elias district from March 2021 to July 2021. Three hundred sixty-three study participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study, and all submitted the required amount and quality of stool specimen. Immediately after collection, macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (saline wet mount) examination of stool sample was performed to detect and identify intestinal parasites. The generated data were checked for completeness, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, 2011) software. Binary logistic regression was applied to show significant association between dependent and independent variables. Statistically significant association was declared at a P value of < 0.05. Result Of the study participants screened for intestinal parasite, 43.5% (158/363) were infected with at least one intestinal parasite. From the total positives, 40.5% (147/363) were mono and 3.0% (11/363) were double infections. Five intestinal parasite species were recorded, of which hookworm was the predominant, (65.2%, 103/158) followed by E. histolytica/dispar (12.7%, 20/158) and G. lamblia (11.4%, 18/158). Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species comprised the least percentage (1.9%, 3/158 each). Source of drinking water and occupation were identified as significant factors associated with intestinal parasite infection. Farmer pregnant women were 6.41 times (AOR = 6.41, 95% CI: 1.05-39.16; P = 0.034) more likely to be infected by intestinal parasites than their counterparts. Pregnant women who drank tape water were 0.52 times less (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.88; P = 0.017) likely to be infected by intestinal parasites. Conclusion Intestinal parasite infections remained a serious health burden to pregnant women in the study area with the dominance of a hematophagous worm (hookworm). Community-based intestinal parasite screening and treatment are essential to alleviate the burden caused by intestinal parasite infections.
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Tadesse Boltena M, El-Khatib Z, Kebede AS, Asamoah BO, Yaw ASC, Kamara K, Constant Assogba P, Tadesse Boltena A, Adane HT, Hailemeskel E, Biru M. Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5444. [PMID: 35564842 PMCID: PMC9101176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy causes fetomaternal haemorrhage and foetal growth retardation. This study determined the pooled burden of pregnancy malaria and helminthic co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa. CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve data from the literature, without restricting language and publication year. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used for quality assessment. STATA Version 14.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with the number CRD42019144812. In total, 24 studies (n = 14,087 participants) were identified in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that 20% of pregnant women were co-infected by malaria and helminths in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of malaria and helminths were 33% and 35%, respectively. The most prevalent helminths were Hookworm (48%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37%), and Trichuris trichiura (15%). Significantly higher malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy were observed. Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa must implement home-grown innovative solutions to underpin context-specific policies for the early initiation of effective intermittent preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil Tadesse Boltena
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | | | - Benedict Oppong Asamoah
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 101, Ghana;
| | - Kassim Kamara
- Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Phénix Constant Assogba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 526, Benin;
| | - Andualem Tadesse Boltena
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Hawult Taye Adane
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Elifaged Hailemeskel
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mulatu Biru
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Child and Family Health, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Their Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Center at Woreilu Health Center, Woreilu, Northeast Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:5242252. [PMID: 35450129 PMCID: PMC9017482 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5242252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) affect millions of pregnant women worldwide and if left untreated can cause adverse effects for mothers, fetuses, and newborns. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Woreilu, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Woreilu Health Center from October 2018 to February 2019. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data related to the sociodemographic information and associated risk factors were collected by the interview technique, and fresh stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman. The microscopic examination of the stool samples was done by using direct wet mount preparations in normal saline and formol ether concentration techniques. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used. A p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results A total of 331 pregnant women were included. The mean ± standard deviation of age of the participants was 26.3 ± 5.96 years ranging between 16 and 43 years. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 144 (43.5%) with the predominance of E. histolytica/dispar (44.4%) followed by A. lumbricoides (15.7%). Being a student (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.01-11.09, p = 0.047), second trimester (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.46-10.64, p = 0.007), third trimester (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.15-9.6, p = 0.027), and using spring water for drinking (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.62-5.22, p ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with IPIs. Conclusion The prevalence of IPIs was high in this study. Being a student, second and third trimester, and using spring water for drinking were associated factors with IPIs. Therefore, improving the sanitation of the students and providing clean drinking water for the women should be strengthened. Screening women and providing health education during their antenatal care (ANC) visits are also recommended.
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12
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Makkar S, Minocha S, Bhat KG, John AT, Swaminathan S, Thomas T, Mannar MGV, Kurpad AV. Iron Fortification through Universal Distribution of Double-Fortified Salt Can Increase Wages and Be Cost-Effective: An Ex-Ante Modeling Study in India. J Nutr 2022; 152:597-611. [PMID: 34718692 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alleviation of iron deficiency through iron supplementation has not effectively reduced anemia in India, mainly due to low compliance. Food fortification with iron is considered a viable alternative, and the provision of double-fortified salt (DFS; with iron and iodine) has been mandated in public health programs. Limited evidence exists on its benefit-cost ratio. OBJECTIVE In this study we sought to estimate the economic benefit in terms of increased wages in relation to introduction of DFS in reduction of anemia and the cost of doing so. METHODS The economic benefit of introducing DFS in India was derived using a series of mathematical, statistical, and econometric models using data from national surveys capturing earnings and dietary iron intake of the population. Anemia status was predicted from data on dietary intake, sanitation, and for women, menstrual losses. The impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on wages was estimated using a Heckman Selection model and 2-stage least squares procedure. Benefit of DFS was estimated through increased wages attributed to anemia reduction compared with its cost. RESULTS Men and women with IDA had lower wages (by 25.9%, 95% CI: 11.3, 38.1; and by 3.9%, 95% CI: 0.0, 7.7, respectively) than those without IDA. Additional iron intake through DFS was predicted to reduce prevalence of IDA (from 10.6% to 0.7% in men and 23.8% to 20.9% in women). The economic benefit-cost ratio of introducing DFS at a national level was estimated to be 4.2:1. CONCLUSIONS Iron fortification delivered through DFS under a universal program can improve wages and be sufficiently cost-effective for its implementation at scale in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Makkar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sumedha Minocha
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - M G Venkatesh Mannar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Prenatal Care in the Northwestern Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3387742. [PMID: 34977238 PMCID: PMC8718307 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3387742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are the common health problems in developing countries with low socioeconomic and poor living conditions. IPIs affect millions of pregnant women worldwide and may lead to adverse maternal and fetal effects. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 384 pregnant women was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019. Relevant information on potential risk factors associated with IPIs was gathered using a semistructured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined using wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible association between dependent and independent variables. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 36.7%. Seven species of parasites were identified. The most prevalent intestinal protozoan parasite identified was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.6%) followed by Giardia intestinalis (8.9%). The predominant helminth parasite identified was Ascaris lumbricoides (8.6%), followed by hookworm (5.2%), Taenia spp. (3.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%), and Schistosoma mansoni (1.04%). Six pregnant women (1.56%) had infection by two parasite species. The odds of IPIs were higher among illiterates (AOR = 4.63), lowest monthly income earners (AOR = 3.49), primigravida (pregnant for the first time) (AOR = 2.04), those who used unboiled well/stream/river water for drinking (AOR = 14.55), ate soil (AOR = 2.32), and consumed raw vegetables (AOR = 1.91). The prevalence of IPIs in the study subjects was substantially high. Thus, screening of the women for IPIs and providing health education during their antenatal care (ANC) visit are recommended to prevent possible adverse maternal and fetal effects resulting from these infections.
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Alvarado-Gonzalez JC, Alvis-Zakzuk NR, Castillo-Saavedra DE, Lozada-Martinez ID, Picón-Jaimes YA, Narvaez-Rojas AR, Zakzuk J. Impact of helminthiasis on gestational anemia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 19,000 women. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 31:36-48. [PMID: 36908393 PMCID: PMC9994832 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminthiasis are a common public health problem in developed and developing countries. It is thought that they can influence pregnancy by causing gestational anemia. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between helminth infection and gestational anemia. A structured review of scientific literature was conducted through active search in the electronic databases MEDLINE® and LILACS® until December 2021, following 2020 PRISMA statement. The studies were reviewed independently by two authors, extracting the most relevant information from each study. Cross-sectional studies, case-control and ecological studies were included, with no date or language limit. Randomized clinical trials were excluded. A total of 38 studies were included in the systematic review. The study populations of all studies belonged to low- and middle-income countries: 28 studies from Africa, 6 from Asia, 3 from Latin America and 1 from Oceania. Overall, the average prevalence of gestational anemia among the included studies was 40% (95% CI 34-46%). Hookworm was the predominant species detected in most studies (19/38; 50%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (15/38; 39.5%). Gestational anemia was positively associated with A. lumbricoides (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.12-3.08) and hookworms (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.99-4.78). Prevalence of malaria was not associated with the magnitude of the effect of hookworm on anemia risk during meta-regression (p=0.5182). The results of this review indicate that there is a statistically significant association between helminthiasis and gestational anemia. Although hookworm is the main species associated with the outcome, prevalence of malaria was not associated with the magnitude of the effect of hookworm on anemia risk. The impact of other species needs to be defined given the expected bias that arises from polyparasitism when defining comparison groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Alvarado-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunological Research, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.,ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ivan David Lozada-Martinez
- Fac Ciències Salut Blanquerna, Univ Ramon Llul, Barcelona, Spain.,Grupo Prometheus y Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Alexis Rafael Narvaez-Rojas
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine - Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute of Immunological Research, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.,ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
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Fite MB, Assefa N, Mengiste B. Prevalence and determinants of Anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:219. [PMID: 34861892 PMCID: PMC8643002 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is one of the world's leading cause of disability and the most serious global public health issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out very prudently in order to give up the pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY To carry out this ephemeral systematic review and meta-analysis, a correlated literature review was done from various sources, PubMed Medline and Google Scholar Journals. Anemia related searching engine was used to make the study more evocative and intensive. We used modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cross sectional studies to evaluate the quality of the study in relations of their inclusion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was tracked to conduct this study. The pooled effect size was computed using the review manager and Compressive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Twenty-fife studies, which encompassed 15,061 pregnant women, were chosen for the analysis. From those an overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in SSA was 35.6%. However, the result from meta-analysis showed that women who were infected with intestinal parasite were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were not infected [OR:3.59, 95% CI (2.44,5.28)].The result showed that women who had no iron and folic-acid supplementation were 1.82 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those women who had iron and folic-acid supplementation {OR:1.82, 95% CI (1.22,2.70]. Women who had women were in third trimester pregnancy were 2.37 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were in first and second trimester [OR:2.37, 95% CI (1.78, 3.24)]. Women who had low dietary diversity score were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who had high dietary diversity score [OR: 3.59, 95% CI (2.44, 5.28]. CONCLUSIONS Our finding from this systematic review and meta-analysis displays the high case in prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Predictors for this includes: intestinal parasite, iron and folic-acid supplementation, third trimester pregnancy and dietary diversified intake score were statistically correlated positively with anemia in pregnancy. These need cautious evaluation of impact of prevention effort for operational policy, programs and design nutrition intrusions for refining maternal food consumption during pregnancy. Also, dietary education intrusion requires to be prearranged to satisfy the desires of pregnant women. The finding of this work will be used as an evidences for policy makers of Africa; entirely for maternal and child health care. Lastly, we suggested further investigations to be carried out in the area of the study for more rigorous and comprehensive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Belete Fite
- Department of Public health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Nega Assefa
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizatu Mengiste
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Yifag Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:7291199. [PMID: 34721748 PMCID: PMC8553486 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7291199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Yifag Health Center. Methods The data were collected by a questionnaire interview technique and collecting the stool samples from each pregnant woman. Wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 25, and P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Out of the total 280 pregnant women who were selected using a simple random sampling technique, 277 participated in the questionnaire survey and gave stool samples (a response rate of 98.9%). The prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women was 53.4% (95% CI: 47.37, 59.42). Taenia species (18.1%) was the predominant parasite followed by Giardia lamblia (12.6%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.4%), hookworms (9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.2%), Hymenolepis nana (0.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.4%). Eating raw vegetables (AOR = 2.721; 95% CI: 1.266, 5.849; P=0.010) and poor personal hygiene (AOR = 4.015; 95% CI: 1.456, 11.07; P=0.007) were associated risk factors for G. lamblia, while eating raw meat (AOR = 2.477; 95% CI: 1.252, 4.902; P=0.009) for Taenia species infections. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high and still a health burden to the pregnant women in the study area. We recommend avoiding eating raw meat, strengthening sanitation and hygiene programs, and routine deworming of pregnant mothers to reduce the burden of IPIs among pregnant women.
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Beavogui AH, Cherif MS, Camara BS, Delamou A, Kolie D, Cissé A, Camara D, Sow A, Camara G, Yattara M, Goumou N, Doumbouya A, Kourouma K, Diarra B, Djimde A. PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF BOKE, GUINEA. J Parasitol 2021; 107:783-789. [PMID: 34581794 DOI: 10.1645/19-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthic and intestinal protozoan infections and malaria infections are common in children less than 15 yr old in sub-Saharan Africa, but little is known about these infections in Guinea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in children aged less than 15 yr and the relationship of these infections with anemia. The cross-sectional study was done in Dabbis sub-prefecture in the Boke region of Guinea from 18 to 26 March 2017. A simple random sampling at the household level was performed, and 1 child under the age of 15 was included per eligible household. A total of 392 children were included in the analysis. Clinical and parasitological information were assessed, including anthropometric measures (weight and height), disease symptoms, hemoglobin level, and malaria parasitemia. Helminthic and protozoan intestinal infections were present in 59.7% of the children surveyed. Malaria infection prevalence was 45.5% when assessed by microscopy and 43.6% when assessed by a rapid diagnostic test. Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for 84.2% of malaria infections, was the main malaria species infection. Gastrointestinal parasites were present in 19.1% of children. The main gastrointestinal parasites present included Entamoeba coli (5.4%) and Giardia intestinalis (5.1%). There was no association between the presence of anemia and the parasitic status of the children. Parasitic screening and mass treatment in this age group, as well as household awareness raising, would reduce cases of parasitic infections in rural Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul H Beavogui
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Bioclinical and Fundamental Sciences Chair, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mahamoud S Cherif
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Pediatric Chair, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Bienvenu S Camara
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Delphin Kolie
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Ansoumane Cissé
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Daouda Camara
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Amadou Sow
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Gnepou Camara
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Yattara
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Nèma Goumou
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Abdoulaye Doumbouya
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Karifa Kourouma
- Centre National de formation et de recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) "Jean Senecal" de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Djimde
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Kare AP, Gujo AB. Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care Clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211036303. [PMID: 34376992 PMCID: PMC8327009 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211036303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and children. Nevertheless, information regarding the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant in the study area is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to December 15, 2020, among 340 pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years who came for focused antenatal care follow-up. Trained data collectors administered questionnaires, and collected capillary blood and stool samples. Data were coded and entered into EPI Info 7 and the analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Factors associated with anemia were assessed using binary logistic regression. Those variables that had a P-value less than .25 on bi-variable regression analysis were considered for multi-variable regression analysis. Statistical significance was declared with P < .05. Result The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 24.1% (95% CI: 19.55%-28.69%). The majority of anemia cases were mildly anemic (62.2.0%). Increased odds of anemia was found among pregnant women with household monthly income ⩽2550 Ethiopian Birr (⩽69.67 United States Dollar) (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.76), not attended formal education (AOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.42, 10.54), not using iron tablets (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.27) and infected with Plasmodium vivax (AOR = 7.58; 95% CI: 3.11, 18.47). Conclusions Anemia had moderate public health significance in the study. Low monthly family income, educational status, iron tablet consumption during pregnancy and Plasmodium vivax infection were found to be independent predictors for anemia in pregnancy. The burden of anemia should be alleviated through enhancing maternal socio-economic status, prevention of illnesses targeting pregnant women, and strengthening the expansion of prenatal iron-folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Philipos Kare
- Department of Social and Population Health, Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
| | - Amelo Bolka Gujo
- Department of Social and Population Health, Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
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Gujo AB, Kare AP. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infection and its Association with Anemia among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2021; 15:11795565211029259. [PMID: 34276235 PMCID: PMC8255584 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211029259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed anemia as a severe public health problem among under-5 children but failed to associate with parasite infection. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection (IP) and its association with anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Yirgalem General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. METHOD Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 367 children aged 6 to 59 months. Trained data collectors administered the questionnaire. Blood was collected and analyzed for hemoglobin using the HemoCue 301. The stool samples were collected and analyzed. Association between IP and anemia was measured using multivariable analysis. The outputs are presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 48.8% (95% CI: 43.7, 53.9). Anemia was of mild, moderate, and severe type in 24.5%, 21.5%, and 2.8% of the children respectively. The prevalence of IP was 43.3% (95% CI: 38.2, 48.3). The odds of anemia were higher among children infected with IP (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.97, 5.17), large family size (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.59), low-income level (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.35), and MUAC < 11 cm (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.81). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of IP was high. Anemia has severe public health significance. IP infection, income level, family size, and MUAC level were associated with anemia in children. Strengthening existing programs to prevent childhood anemia, and IP recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelo Bolka Gujo
- Department of Social and Population Health,
Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Yirgalem, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Philipos Kare
- Department of Social and Population Health,
Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Yirgalem, Sidama, Ethiopia
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20
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Animaw Z, Melese A, Demelash H, Seyoum G, Abebe A. Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:474. [PMID: 34210260 PMCID: PMC8252203 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHODS Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. RESULTS Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Animaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Addisu Melese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Demelash
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Seyoum
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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21
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Taghipour A, Ghodsian S, Jabbari M, Olfatifar M, Abdoli A, Ghaffarifar F. Global prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:457-470. [PMID: 33007067 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) during pregnancy, if left untreated, can cause adverse effects for the mothers, foetuses and newborns. However, limited information is available about the global status of IPIs in pregnant women. Here we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors in pregnant women. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1987 and 30 December 2019. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 114 studies comprising 98 342 pregnant women across 35 countries were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Among IPIs identified from pregnant women, three helminth infections (hookworm 19% [95% CI 15 to 23], Ascaris lumbricoides 17% [95% CI 13 to 21] and Trichuris trichiura 11% [95% CI 7 to 16]) and three protozoan infections (Blastocystis sp. 21% [95% CI 4 to 46], Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 9% [95% CI 3 to 19] and Giardia sp. 8% [95% CI 4 to 13]) were identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasites. Moreover, we found that there was a significant association between IPIs with increased risk of anaemia in pregnant women (OR 2.65 [95% CI 2.08 to 3.37]). The prevalence of IPIs was slightly higher in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls, but this was not significant (OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.71]). According to species, the pooled OR of A. lumbricoides infection had a significantly higher risk in geophagic pregnant women compared with controls (OR 2.66 [95% CI 1.37 to 5.16]). There was a positive relationship between the high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women living in rural areas compared with urban residents (OR 3.36 [95% CI 1.57 to 7.19]). CONCLUSIONS The current review revealed a relatively high prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women, especially in some low- and middle-income countries. These results suggest a need for improved prevention and control efforts to reduce the health risks to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghodsian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jabbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Chelkeba L, Melaku T, Lemma D, Mekonnen Z. Burden of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection 2021; 49:1091-1105. [PMID: 34110569 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive nationwide data on prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IPIs) among pregnant women are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide pooled prevalence estimate, prevalence in different regions and species-specific IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHODS The search was carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar on published and unpublished data between 2008 and Sep 2020 for studies describing rate of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopian. A random-effects model and forest plots to estimate pooled effect size and effect of each study with their confidence interval (CI) were used to provide a visual summary of the data. We conducted meta-regression to understand the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using 'metaprop' command using STATA software version 14. RESULTS A total of 3149 of the 9803 pregnant women were infected with one or more species of IPIs resulted in an overall prevalence of 29% (95% CI 22-37%). The prevalence estimate varied among studies with considerable heterogeneity (χ2 = 2069.19, p < 0.001 I2 = 98.84). The prevalence of IPIs was 36% (95% CI 22-50%) in Oromia region, 29% (95% CI 10-47%) in Amhara region, 24% (95% CI 17-32%) in southern nation, nationality and people region, 24% (95% CI 22-27%) in Tigray region and 24% (95% CI 20-29%) in Addis Ababa city. Hookworms with pooled prevalence estimate of 10% (95% CI 8-13%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides 10% (95% CI 7-13%), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 6% (95% CI 4-8%) were the three common species of IPIs identified in this group of population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women is relatively high in comparison to other general population. Hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most dominant species of intestinal helminths, whereas Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the dominant intestinal protozoa among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legese Chelkeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Melaku
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Dereje Lemma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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23
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Demeke G, Mengistu G, Abebaw A, Toru M, Yigzaw M, Shiferaw A, Mengist HM, Dilnessa T. Effects of intestinal parasite infection on hematological profiles of pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Institution based prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250990. [PMID: 33970934 PMCID: PMC8109803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitosis is a common disease that causes misery and disability in poor populations. The number of individuals affected is staggering. From two billion peoples who harbor parasites worldwide, 300 million suffer severe morbidity and more than 25% of pregnant women are infected with hookworm, which causes intestinal bleeding and blood loss, and has been most commonly associated with anemia. Intestinal parasite infection during pregnancy has been associated with iron deficiency, maternal anemia, and impaired nutritional status, as well as decreased infant birth weight. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of intestinal parasite infection on hematological profiles of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Markos Referral Hospital from December 2017 to February 2019. METHOD A prospective cohort study design was conducted among 94 intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women as an exposed group and 187 pregnant women free from intestinal parasite were used as a control group. The effect of intestinal parasites on hematological profiles of pregnant women was assessed at Debre Markos Referral Hospital antenatal care ward. Socio-demographic data and nutrition status were assessed by using structured questionnaires and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), respectively. Two ml of venous blood and 2 gm of stool samples were collected to analyze the hematological profiles and detect intestinal parasites, respectively. Wet mount and formol-ether concentration (FEC) techniques were used to detect intestinal parasites. Hematological profile was analyzed using Mind ray BC-3000 plus instrument. Data were double entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 24 software for analysis. Results were presented using tables and graphs. Associations of hemoglobin levels with intestinal parasitic infections were determined using binary logistic regression models. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean hematological profile difference between parasite-infected and parasite-free pregnant women was computed using independent t-test. RESULTS In the present study, the predominant parasites identified were Entamoeba histolytica, hookworm, Giardia lamblia, Schistosoma mansoni, and Ascaris lumbricoides. About 8.2% of intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women had mild anemia while 4% had moderate anemia. Only 1.2% of intestinal parasite-free pregnant women developed moderate anemia. The mean HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values of intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women were 12.8g/dl, 38.2%, 94.7fl, 33.1pg and 34.7g/dl, respectively. But the mean HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC values of pregnant women who were free from intestinal parasites were 14.4 g/dl, 39.8%, 94.9fl, 33.9pg and 35.5g/dl, respectively. Anemia was strongly associated with hookworm (AOR = 21.29, 95%CI: 8.28-54.75, P<0.001), S.mansoni (AOR = 63.73, 95% CI: 19.15-212, P<0.001) and A.lumbricoide (AOR = 14.12, 95% CI 3.28-60.65, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Intestinal parasitic infection in pregnant women caused adverse impact on hematological profiles and was an independent predictor of anemia. Intestinal parasitic infection significantly decreased pregnant the level of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values. To minimize maternal anemia deworming could be good before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebreselassie Demeke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Getachew Mengistu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abtie Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Milkiyas Toru
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Yigzaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Shiferaw
- Department of Midwifery, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tebelay Dilnessa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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24
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Honkpéhèdji YJ, Adegbite BR, Zinsou JF, Dejon-Agobé JC, Edoa JR, Zoleko Manego R, McCall M, Mbong Ngwese M, Lotola Mougeni F, Mombo-Ngoma G, Ramharter M, Kremsner PG, Lell B, Yazdanbakhsh M, Esen M, Adegnika AA. Association of low birth weight and polyparasitic infection during pregnancy in Lambaréné, Gabon. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:973-981. [PMID: 33860600 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the prevalence of polyparasitism during pregnancy in the Lambaréné region of Gabon and its association with newborn birth weight. METHOD Pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in a prospective study between November 2011 and March 2015. Parasite infection status was assessed microscopically in stool, urine and blood samples. Maternal demographic and obstetrical characteristics and newborns anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between low birth weight and polyparasitism. RESULTS 678 of 927 pregnant women were included for analysis with mean age (SD) of 25 (6.8) years. The analysis showed that 69% (468/678) were infected with at least one parasite (Plasmodium spp., Schistosoma spp., soil-transmitted helminths, filarial infections). This comprised of 38% with monoparasitism and 31% polyparasitism. The proportion of newborn babies with a weight below 2500 g (LBW) in our study was 21% (142/678). Compared to pregnant women without infection, women with monoparasitic infection had adjusted Odds Ratio confidence interval 95% CI (aOR [95%CI]) of 1.6 [0.95-2.73], those with two parasites had aOR 95%CI of 2.63 [1.51-4.62], and those with more than two parasites had aOR of 5.08 [2.5-10.38] for delivering a newborn with low birth weight. CONCLUSION In Lambaréné, an endemic area for multiple parasite infections, there is a high prevalence of polyparasitism in pregnant women. Polyparasitism is associated with low birth weight. Therefore, there is an urgent need for active screening and treatment of parasite infections in pregnant women to assess the potential public health benefit of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Josiane Honkpéhèdji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bayode Romeo Adegbite
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean Claude Dejon-Agobé
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rella Zoleko Manego
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew McCall
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meral Esen
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayôla Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
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Wachamo D, Bonja F, Tadege B, Hussen S. Magnitude of parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women at health facilities in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. F1000Res 2021; 10:122. [PMID: 34136132 PMCID: PMC8182691 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27584.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are common problems during pregnancy, with adverse outcomes including low birth weight and prenatal mortality. The burden of parasitic infections and its impacts are high among pregnant women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of parasitic infections. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 randomly selected women attending antenatal clinic at five selected health facilities. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and stool specimens were collected in clean plastic containers. A combination of direct microscopy and the formol-ether concentration technique was used as soon as the specimen collected. Data entry and analysed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was 161 (45.9%). The most frequently identified parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (27.9%), Schistosoma species (13.7%), Trichuris trichiura (5.1%), Hookworm (4.8%), and Taenia species. (1.4%). The IPIs were associated with women having no formal education [AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.05-4.57] or elementary school education [AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.11-3.27], as compared with high school educated and above. Monthly income of less than 1920 Ethiopian birr [AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.31], sharing a latrine with neighbours [AOR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-2.93], using lake water for washing clothes [AOR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.34-3.74], habit of eating raw vegetables [AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.30-3.92] were associated with IPI as compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Nearly half of the pregnant women were infected with IPs. The health facilities and clinicians need to focus on prevention of IPIs by early diagnosis, treating lake water before use, promote proper latrine utilization and provision of pertinent health education as part of ante-natal care service. It is important to minimize the impact of IPIs on pregnant women and their child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelash Wachamo
- Department of Public Health, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 84, Ethiopia
| | - Fisseha Bonja
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Tadege
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
| | - Siraj Hussen
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
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26
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Ness TE, Agrawal V, Bedard K, Ouellette L, Erickson TA, Hotez P, Weatherhead JE. Maternal Hookworm Infection and Its Effects on Maternal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1958-1968. [PMID: 32840198 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookworm is an intestinal parasite that infects nearly 230 million people, with another 5.1 billion at risk, especially in poverty-stricken tropical and subtropical regions. Pregnancy is an especially vulnerable time for hookworm infection because of its effect on both maternal and subsequently fetal health. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed on the association between maternal hookworm and maternal anemia, as well as maternal hookworm coinfection with malaria. The prevalence of hookworm ranged from 1% to 78% in pregnant women, whereas malaria prevalence ranged from 11% to 81%. Pregnant women with hookworm infection were more likely to have anemia (combined odds ratio [cOR] 2.55 [2.20, 2.96], P < 0.001). In addition, pregnant woman with hookworm were more likely to have malaria coinfection (cOR 1.60 [1.38, 1.86], P < 0.001). Other effects on maternal and child health were investigated and summarized without systematic review or meta-analysis because of the limited study numbers. Despite current deworming recommendations in pregnant women, heavy hookworm burden, coinfection with malaria, and subsequent anemia persist. Although this is likely due, in part, to a lack of implementation of preventive chemotherapy, additional interventions such as health education, proper waste management, or linking malaria and soil-transmitted helminth treatment and prevention programs may also be needed. Further investigations on maternal-child outcomes as a result of hookworm infection during pregnancy will highlight public health interventional targets to reduce morbidity in pregnant women and children globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Ness
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vedika Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn Bedard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Timothy A Erickson
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Hotez
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jill E Weatherhead
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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27
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Mohan S, Halle-Ekane G, Konje JC. Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy - A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:59-63. [PMID: 32942076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections are widespread worldwide and with increased global travel and transport of food, these are not entirely limited to traditionally endemic areas. The prevalence of parasitic infections in endemic areas among pregnant women ranges from 24 to 70 % with approximately 10 % of women having multiple parasites. Pregnancy with its increased nutritional demands and altered immunological defenses is an especially vulnerable time for acquiring parasitic infections, which may be associated with adverse outcomes such as anaemia, which in some cases may even contribute to mortality. The presence of a helminthic infections during pregnancy may also cause immunological effects that can contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality as well as affecting the maternal immune response and immune system function in the baby after birth. Mass administration of anthelminthic drug therapy has been applied in endemic areas but there is inconclusive evidence of its benefit in improving pregnancy outcomes, however, no safety concerns have been highlighted with the use of the recommended drugs for parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mohan
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gregory Halle-Ekane
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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Mutalazimah M, Mustikaningrum L. Knowledge about Intestinal Worm Infection and Helminthiasis in Pregnant Women. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yesuf DA, Abdissa LT, Gerbi EA, Tola EK. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:735. [PMID: 31703749 PMCID: PMC6839149 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia. RESULTS Out of the 315 respondents, the mean age was 24.7 ± 2.54 years ranging between 15 and 44 years. The majority of the respondents were Oromo in ethnicity (90.2%) and protestant in religion (83.2%) and almost all (99%) of the study participants were married. Two hundred twenty-six (72%) of pregnant women were attended at least primary school and two hundred forty-six (78.1%) of the respondents were from farmer households. About half of the households (51.7%) had a monthly income of greater than 35 USD. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 138 (43.8%) with the predominance of hookworm (33.7%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (7.3%). Being a farmer [AOR, 95% CI 7.3 (1.46, 37.00), P = 0.03], walking barefooted [AOR, 95% CI 6.13 (1.98, 19.00), P = 0.002] and absence of proper handwashing after latrine [AOR, 95% CI 5.36 (1.78, 16.00), P = 0.003] were significantly associated with occurrence of the intestinal parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lensa Tesfaye Abdissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Adeba Gerbi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Edosa Kifle Tola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
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